Planetary gear train of automatic transmission for vehicle

The present application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2017-0135817 filed on Oct. 19, 2017, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein for all purposes by this reference.

The present invention relates to an automatic transmission for a vehicle.

Research on realizing more shift-stages of an automatic transmission are undertaken to achieve enhancement of fuel consumption and better drivability, and recently, increase of oil price is triggering a hard competition in enhancing fuel consumption of a vehicle.

In this sense, research on an engine has been undertaken to achieve weight reduction and to enhance fuel consumption by so-called downsizing research on an automatic transmission has been performed to simultaneously provide better drivability and fuel consumption by achieving more shift stages.

To achieve more shift stages for an automatic transmission, the number of parts is typically increased, which may deteriorate installability, production cost, weight and/or power flow efficiency.

Therefore, to maximally enhance fuel consumption of an automatic transmission having more shift stages, it is important for better efficiency to be derived by fewer number of parts.

In this respect, an eight-speed automatic transmission has been recently introduced, and a planetary gear train for an automatic transmission facilitating more shift stages is under investigation.

An automatic transmission of eight or more shift-stages typically includes three to four planetary gear sets and five to seven engagement elements (frictional elements), and may easily become lengthy, deteriorating installability.

In this regard, disposing planetary gear sets in parallel or employing dog clutches instead of wet-type control elements is sometimes attempted. However, such an arrangement may not be widely applicable, and using dog clutches may easily deteriorate shift-feel.

The information disclosed in this Background of the Invention section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and may not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.

Various aspects of the present invention are directed to providing a planetary gear train of an automatic transmission for a vehicle facilitating at least ten forward speeds, providing better performance and fuel efficiency of a vehicle.

A planetary gear train according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may include an input shaft receiving an engine torque, an output shaft outputting a shifted torque, a first planetary gear set having first, second and third rotation elements, a second planetary gear set having fourth, fifth, and sixth rotation elements, a third planetary gear set having seventh, eighth, and ninth rotation elements, and a fourth planetary gear set having tenth, eleventh, and twelfth rotation elements. An exemplary planetary gear train may further include a first shaft fixedly connected to the first rotation element, the sixth rotation element, and the seventh rotation element, and selectively connectable to the input shaft, a second shaft fixedly connected to the ninth rotation element and selectively connectable to the input shaft, a third shaft fixedly connected to the eleventh rotation element and fixedly connected to the output shaft, a fourth shaft fixedly connected to the third rotation element and the fourth rotation element, a fifth shaft fixedly connected to the fifth rotation element, the eighth rotation element, and the twelfth rotation element, and a plurality of shafts each selectively connecting a corresponding element to the transmission housing, the corresponding element being a rotation element of the first and fourth planetary gear sets which is not fixedly interconnected.

The plurality of shafts may include a sixth shaft fixedly connected to the second rotation element and selectively connectable to the transmission housing, and a seventh shaft fixedly connected to the tenth rotation element and selectively connectable to the transmission housing. The input shaft and the first shaft, the input shaft and the second shaft, the fourth shaft and the seventh shaft, and the third shaft and the fourth shaft may be selectively interconnected to each other respectively.

The exemplary planetary gear train may further include four clutches each selectively connecting a corresponding pair among the input shaft, the output shaft, and the first to seventh shafts, and two brakes selectively connecting the sixth shaft and the seventh shaft to the transmission housing respectively.

The four clutches may include a first clutch disposed between the input shaft and the first shaft, a second clutch disposed between the input shaft and the second shaft, a third clutch disposed between the fourth shaft and the seventh shaft, and a fourth clutch disposed between the third shaft and the fourth shaft. The two brakes may include a first brake disposed between the sixth shaft and the transmission housing, and a second brake disposed between the seventh shaft and the transmission housing.

The first planetary gear set may be a single pinion planetary gear set having a first sun gear, a first planet carrier, and a first ring gear as the first, second and third rotation elements. The second planetary gear set may be a single pinion planetary gear set having a second sun gear, a second planet carrier, and a second ring gear as the fourth, fifth, and sixth rotation elements. The third planetary gear set may be a single pinion planetary gear set having a third sun gear, a third planet carrier, and a third ring gear as the seventh, eighth, and ninth rotation elements. The fourth planetary gear set may be a single pinion planetary gear set having a fourth sun gear, a fourth planet carrier, and a fourth ring gear as the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth rotation elements.

The first, second, third and fourth planetary gear sets may be disposed in the order of the first, second, third and fourth planetary gear sets from an engine side.

A planetary gear train according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may realize at least ten forward speeds and one reverse speed by combination of four planetary gear set of simple planetary gear sets and six engagement elements.

Furthermore, a planetary gear train according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may substantially improve driving stability by realizing shift-stages appropriate for rotation speed of an engine due to multi-stages of an automatic transmission.

Furthermore, a planetary gear train according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may maximize engine driving efficiency by multi-stages of an automatic transmission, and may improve power delivery performance and fuel consumption.

Furthermore, effects that can be obtained or expected from exemplary embodiments of the present invention are directly or suggestively described in the following detailed description. That is, various effects expected from exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in the following detailed description.

The methods and apparatuses of the present invention have other features and advantages which will be apparent from or are set forth in more detail in the accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein, and the following Detailed Description, which together serve to explain certain principles of the present invention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a planetary gear train according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an operational chart for respective control elements at respective shift-stages applicable to a planetary gear train according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a planetary gear train according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

It may be understood that the appended drawings are not necessarily to scale, presenting a somewhat simplified representation of various features illustrative of the basic principles of the invention. The specific design features of the present invention as disclosed herein, including, for example, specific dimensions, orientations, locations, and shapes will be determined in part by the particular intended application and use environment.

In the figures, reference numbers refer to the same or equivalent parts of the present invention throughout the several figures of the drawing.

Reference will now be made in detail to various embodiments of the present invention(s), examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described below. While the invention(s) will be described in conjunction with exemplary embodiments, it will be understood that the present description is not intended to limit the invention(s) to those exemplary embodiments. On the contrary, the invention(s) is/are intended to cover not only the exemplary embodiments, but also various alternatives, modifications, equivalents and other embodiments, which may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Hereinafter, an exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to drawings.

The drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not restrictive, and like reference numerals designate like elements throughout the specification.

In the following description, dividing names of components into first, second, and the like is to divide the names because the names of the components are the same as each other and an order thereof is not particularly limited.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a planetary gear train according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1 , a planetary gear train according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may include first, second, third and fourth planetary gear sets PG 1 , PG 2 , PG 3 , and PG 4 disposed on a same axis, an input shaft IS, an output shaft OS, seven shafts TM 1 to TM 7 interconnecting rotation elements of the first, second, third and fourth planetary gear sets PG 1 , PG 2 , PG 3 , and PG 4 , engagement elements of four clutches C 1 to C 4 and two brakes B 1 and B 2 , and a transmission housing H.

Torque input from the input shaft IS is shifted by cooperative operation of the first, second, third and fourth planetary gear sets PG 1 , PG 2 , PG 3 , and PG 4 , and then output through the output shaft OS.

In the various exemplary embodiments, the planetary gear sets are disposed in the order of the first, the second, and the third, and fourth planetary gear sets PG 1 , PG 2 , PG 3 , and PG 4 , from an engine side.

The input shaft IS is an input member and may receive a torque from a crankshaft of an engine through a torque converter.

The output shaft OS is an output element disposed on a same axis with the input shaft IS, and outputs a shifted driving torque to a driveshaft through a differential apparatus.

The first planetary gear set PG 1 is a single pinion planetary gear set, and may include a first sun gear S 1 , a first planet carrier PC 1 rotatably supporting a plurality of first pinion gears P 1 externally gear-meshed with the first sun gear S 1 , and a first ring gear R 1 internally gear-meshed with the plurality of first pinion gears P 1 engaged with the first sun gear S 1 . The first sun gear S 1 acts as a first rotation element N 1 , the first planet carrier PC 1 acts as a second rotation element N 2 , and the first ring gear R 1 acts as a third rotation element N 3 .

The second planetary gear set PG 2 is a single pinion planetary gear set, and may include a second sun gear S 2 , a second planet carrier PC 2 rotatably supporting a plurality of second pinion gears P 2 externally gear-meshed with the second sun gear S 2 , and a second ring gear R 2 internally gear-meshed with the plurality of second pinion gears P 2 engaged with the second sun gear S 2 . The second sun gear S 2 acts as a fourth rotation element N 4 , the second planet carrier PC 2 acts as a fifth rotation element N 5 , and the second ring gear R 2 acts as a sixth rotation element N 6 .

The third planetary gear set PG 3 is a single pinion planetary gear set, and may include a third sun gear S 3 , a third planet carrier PC 3 rotatably supporting a plurality of third pinion gears P 3 externally gear-meshed with the third sun gear S 3 , and a third ring gear R 3 internally gear-meshed with the plurality of third pinion gears P 3 engaged with the third sun gear S 3 . The third sun gear S 3 acts as a seventh rotation element N 7 , the third planet carrier PC 3 acts as an eighth rotation element N 8 , and the third ring gear R 3 acts as a ninth rotation element N 9 .

The fourth planetary gear set PG 4 is a single pinion planetary gear set, and may include a fourth sun gear S 4 , a fourth planet carrier PC 4 rotatably supporting a plurality of fourth pinion gears P 4 externally gear-meshed with the fourth sun gear S 4 , and a fourth ring gear R 4 internally gear-meshed with the plurality of fourth pinion gears P 4 engaged with the fourth sun gear S 4 . The fourth sun gear S 4 acts as tenth rotation element N 10 , the fourth planet carrier PC 4 acts as an eleventh rotation element N 11 , and the fourth ring gear R 4 acts as a twelfth rotation element N 12 .

In the first, second, third and fourth planetary gear sets PG 1 , PG 2 , PG 3 , and PG 4 , the first rotation element N 1 is fixedly connected to the sixth rotation element N 6 and the seventh rotation element N 7 , the third rotation element N 3 is fixedly connected to the fourth rotation element N 4 , and the fifth rotation element N 5 is fixedly connected to the eighth rotation element N 8 and the twelfth rotation element N 12 , by seven shafts TM 1 to TM 7 .

The seven shafts TM 1 to TM 7 are hereinafter described more specifically.

The first shaft TM 1 is fixedly connected to the first rotation element N 1 (first sun gear S 1 ), the sixth rotation element N 6 (second ring gear R 2 ), and the seventh rotation element N 7 (third sun gear S 3 ), and selectively connectable to the input shaft IS selectively acting as an input element.

The second shaft TM 2 is fixedly connected to the ninth rotation element N 9 (third ring gear R 3 ), and selectively connectable to the input shaft IS selectively acting as an input element.

The third shaft TM 3 is fixedly connected to the eleventh rotation element N 11 (fourth planet carrier PC 4 ), and fixedly connected to the output shaft OS always acting as an output element.

The fourth shaft TM 4 is fixedly connected to the third rotation element N 3 (first ring gear R 1 ) and the fourth rotation element N 4 (second sun gear S 2 ).

The fifth shaft TM 5 is fixedly connected to the fifth rotation element N 5 (second planet carrier PC 2 ), the eighth rotation element N 8 (third planet carrier PC 3 ), and the twelfth rotation element N 12 (fourth ring gear R 4 ).

The sixth shaft TM 6 is fixedly connected to the second rotation element N 2 (first planet carrier PC 1 ).

The seventh shaft TM 7 is fixedly connected to the tenth rotation element N 10 (fourth sun gear S 4 ).

Each of the seven shafts TM 1 to TM 7 may be a rotation member that fixedly interconnects the input and output shafts and rotation elements of the planetary gear sets PG 1 , PG 2 , PG 3 , and PG 4 , or may be a rotation member that selectively interconnects a rotation element to the transmission housing H, or may be a fixed member fixed to the transmission housing H.

In the disclosure, when two or more members are described to be “fixedly connected”, where the member may be any of a shaft, an input shaft, an output shaft, a rotation member, and a transmission housing, it means that the fixedly connected members always rotate at a same speed.

When two or more members are described to be “selectively connectable” by an engagement element, it means that the selectively connectable members rotates separately when the engagement element is not engaged, and rotates at a same speed when the engagement element is engaged. It may be understood that in the case that a member is “selectively connectable” with a transmission housing by an engagement element, the member may be stationary when the engagement element is engaged.

The first shaft TM 1 is selectively connectable to the input shaft IS, the second shaft TM 2 is selectively connectable to the input shaft IS, and the fourth shaft TM 4 is selectively connectable to the third shaft TM 3 and the seventh shaft TM 7 .

The sixth shaft TM 6 and the seventh shaft TM 7 are selectively connectable to the transmission housing H, selectively acting as fixed elements respectively.

The engagement elements of four clutches C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , and C 4 are disposed between the seven shafts TM 1 to TM 7 , the input shaft IS, and the output shaft OS, to form selective connections.

The seven shafts TM 1 to TM 7 may be selectively connectable to the transmission housing H, by control elements of two brakes B 1 and B 2 .

The six engagement elements of the four clutches C 1 to C 4 and the two brakes B 1 and B 2 are disposed as follows.

The first clutch C 1 is disposed between the input shaft IS and the first shaft TM 1 , and selectively connects the input shaft IS and the first shaft TM 1 , controlling power delivery therebetween.

The second clutch C 2 is disposed between the input shaft IS and the second shaft TM 2 , and selectively connects the input shaft IS and the second shaft TM 2 , controlling power delivery therebetween.

The third clutch C 3 is disposed between the fourth shaft TM 4 and the seventh shaft TM 7 , and selectively connects the fourth shaft TM 4 and the seventh shaft TM 7 , controlling power delivery therebetween.

The fourth clutch C 4 is disposed between the third shaft TM 3 and the fourth shaft TM 4 , and selectively connects the third shaft TM 3 and the fourth shaft TM 4 , controlling power delivery therebetween.

The first brake B 1 is disposed between the sixth shaft TM 6 and the transmission housing H, and selectively connects the sixth shaft TM 6 to the transmission housing H.

The second brake B 2 is disposed between the seventh shaft TM 7 and the transmission housing H, and selectively connects the seventh shaft TM 7 to the transmission housing H.

The engagement elements of the first, second, third and fourth clutches C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , and C 4 and the first and second brakes B 1 and B 2 may be realized as multi-plate hydraulic pressure friction devices that are frictionally engaged by hydraulic pressure, however, it may not be understood to be limited thereto, since various other configuration that are electrically controllable may be available.

FIG. 2 is an operational chart for respective control elements at respective shift-stages applicable to a planetary gear train according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 2 , a planetary gear train according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention realizes shifting between ten forward speeds and one reverse speed by operating three elements among the engagement elements of the first, second, third and fourth clutches C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , and C 4 and the first and second brakes B 1 and B 2 .

In the first forward speed D 1 , the first and third clutches C 1 and C 3 and the first brake B 1 are simultaneously operated.

As a result, the first shaft TM 1 is connected to the input shaft IS by the operation of the first clutch C 1 , and the fourth shaft TM 4 is connected to the seventh shaft TM 7 by the operation of the third clutch C 3 . In the present state, an input torque is input to the first shaft TM 1 .

Furthermore, the sixth shaft TM 6 acts as a fixed element by the operation of the first brake B 1 , realizing the first forward speed and outputting a shifted torque to the output shaft OS connected to the third shaft TM 3 .

In the second forward speed D 2 , the first clutch C 1 and the first and second brakes B 1 and B 2 are simultaneously operated.

As a result, the first shaft TM 1 is fixedly connected to the input shaft IS by the operation of the first clutch C 1 , and the input torque is input to the first shaft TM 1 .

In such a state, the sixth shaft TM 6 and seventh shafts TM 7 act as fixed elements by the operation of the first and second brakes B 1 and B 2 , realizing the second forward speed and outputting a shifted torque to the output shaft OS connected to the third shaft TM 3 .

In the third forward speed D 3 , the first and third clutches C 1 and C 3 and the second brake B 2 are simultaneously operated.

As a result, the first shaft TM 1 is connected to the input shaft IS by the operation of the first clutch C 1 , and the fourth shaft TM 4 is connected to the seventh shaft TM 7 by the operation of the third clutch C 3 . In the present state, an input torque is input to the first shaft TM 1 .

Furthermore, the seventh shaft TM 7 acts as a fixed element by the operation of the second brake B 2 , realizing the third forward speed and outputting a shifted torque to the output shaft OS connected to the third shaft TM 3 .

In the fourth forward speed D 4 , the first and fourth clutches C 1 and C 4 and the second brake B 2 are simultaneously operated.

As a result, the first shaft TM 1 is connected to the input shaft IS by the operation of the first clutch C 1 , and the third shaft TM 3 is connected to the fourth shaft TM 4 by the operation of the fourth clutch C 4 . In the present state, an input torque is input to the first shaft TM 1 .

Furthermore, the seventh shaft TM 7 acts as a fixed element by the operation of the second brake B 2 , realizing the fourth forward speed and outputting a shifted torque to the output shaft OS connected to the third shaft TM 3 .

In the fifth forward speed D 5 , the first and second clutch C 1 and C 2 and the second brake B 2 are simultaneously operated.

As a result, the first shaft TM 1 is connected to the input shaft IS by the operation of the first clutch C 1 , and the second shaft TM 2 is connected to the input shaft IS by the operation of the second clutch C 2 . In the present state, a torque is input to the first shaft TM 1 and the second shaft TM 2 .

Furthermore, the seventh shaft TM 7 acts as a fixed element by the operation of the second brake B 2 , realizing the fifth forward speed and outputting a shifted torque to the output shaft OS connected to the third shaft TM 3 .

In the sixth forward speed D 6 , the second and fourth clutches C 2 and C 4 and the second brake B 2 are simultaneously operated.

As a result, the second shaft TM 2 is connected to the input shaft IS by the operation of the second clutch C 2 , and the third shaft TM 3 is connected to the fourth shaft TM 4 by the operation of the fourth clutch C 4 . In the present state, a torque is input to the second shaft TM 2 .

Furthermore, the seventh shaft TM 7 acts as a fixed element by the operation of the second brake B 2 , realizing the sixth forward speed and outputting a shifted torque to the output shaft OS connected to the third shaft TM 3 .

In the seventh forward speed D 7 , the second, third, and fourth clutches C 2 , C 3 , and C 4 are simultaneously operated.

As a result, the second shaft TM 2 is connected to the input shaft IS by the operation of the second clutch C 2 , the fourth shaft TM 4 is connected to the seventh shaft TM 7 by the operation of the third clutch C 3 , and the third shaft TM 3 is connected to the fourth shaft TM 4 by the operation of the fourth clutch C 4 .

As such, the first, second, third and fourth planetary gear sets PG 1 , PG 2 , PG 3 , and PG 4 integrally rotate, and a torque is input to the second shaft TM 2 , realizing the seventh forward speed where a torque is output as inputted, and outputting a shifted torque to the output shaft OS connected to the third shaft TM 3 .

In the eighth forward speed D 8 , the second and third clutches C 2 and C 3 and the second brake B 2 are simultaneously operated.

As a result, the second shaft TM 2 is connected to the input shaft IS by the operation of the second clutch C 2 , and the fourth shaft TM 4 is connected to the seventh shaft TM 7 by the operation of the third clutch C 3 . In the present state, a torque is input to the second shaft TM 2 .

Furthermore, the seventh shaft TM 7 acts as a fixed element by the operation of the second brake B 2 , realizing the eighth forward speed and outputting a shifted torque to the output shaft OS connected to the third shaft TM 3 .

In the ninth forward speed D 9 , the second and third clutches C 2 and C 3 and the first brake B 1 are simultaneously operated.

As a result, the second shaft TM 2 is connected to the input shaft IS by the operation of the second clutch C 2 , and the fourth shaft TM 4 is connected to the seventh shaft TM 7 by the operation of the third clutch C 3 . In the present state, a torque is input to the second shaft TM 2 .

Furthermore, the sixth shaft TM 6 acts as a fixed element by the operation of the first brake B 1 , realizing the ninth forward speed and outputting a shifted torque to the output shaft OS connected to the third shaft TM 3 .

In the tenth forward speed D 10 , the second clutch C 2 and the first and second brakes B 1 and B 2 are simultaneously operated.

As a result, the second shaft TM 2 is connected to the input shaft IS by the operation of the first clutch C 1 , and a torque is input to the second shaft TM 2 .

In such a state, the sixth shaft TM 6 and seventh shafts TM 7 act as fixed elements by the operation of the first and second brakes B 1 and B 2 , realizing the tenth forward speed and outputting a shifted torque to the output shaft OS connected to the third shaft TM 3 .

In the reverse speed REV, the first and fourth clutches C 1 and C 4 and the first brake B 1 are simultaneously operated.

As a result, the first shaft TM 1 is connected to the input shaft IS by the operation of the first clutch C 1 , and the third shaft TM 3 is connected to the fourth shaft TM 4 by the operation of the fourth clutch C 4 . In the present state, an input torque is input to the first shaft TM 1 .

Furthermore, the sixth shaft TM 6 acts as a fixed element by the operation of the first brake B 1 , realizing the reverse speed and outputting a shifted torque to the output shaft OS connected to the third shaft TM 3 .

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a planetary gear train according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

In comparison with a planetary gear train according to various exemplary embodiments shown in FIG. 1 , a planetary gear train according to various exemplary embodiments shown in FIG. 3 differs in locations of the first, third, and fourth clutches C 1 , C 3 , and C 4 and the second brake B 2 among the six engagement elements of the first to fourth clutches C 1 to C 4 and the first and second brakes B 1 and B 2 .

Although the various exemplary embodiments differs from the various exemplary embodiments in the locations of several engagement elements, operations and functions of the planetary gear train remains the same.

A planetary gear train according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may realize ten forward speeds and one reverse speed by controlling four planetary gear sets PG 1 , PG 2 , PG 3 , and PG 4 by four clutches C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , and C 4 and two brakes B 1 and B 2 .

Furthermore, a planetary gear train according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may substantially improve driving stability by realizing shift-stages appropriate for rotation speed of an engine due to multi-stages of an automatic transmission.

Furthermore, a planetary gear train according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may maximize engine driving efficiency by multi-stages of an automatic transmission, and may improve power delivery performance and fuel consumption.

For convenience in explanation and accurate definition in the appended claims, the terms “upper”, “lower”, “internal”, “outer”, “up”, “down”, “upper”, “lower”, “upwards”, “downwards”, “front”, “rear”, “back”, “inside”, “outside”, “inwardly”, “outwardly”, “internal”, “external”, “internal”, “outer”, “forwards”, and “backwards” are used to describe features of the exemplary embodiments with reference to the positions of such features as displayed in the figures.

The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described to explain certain principles of the invention and their practical application, to enable others skilled in the art to make and utilize various exemplary embodiments of the present invention, as well as various alternatives and modifications thereof. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the Claims appended hereto and their equivalents.