USPatent applicationPatented

LDL-receptor

Granted 29 Apr 2003 · 3 office actions

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9402923
filed 14 Feb 2000
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Not published
not published
Patent
US 6,555,654
granted 29 Apr 2003

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Abstract

A novel receptor, LDL-receptor related protein-3 (LRP-3), is provided, along with encoding nucleic acid. The gene is associated with type 1 diabetes (insulin dependent diabetes mellitus), and experimental evidence provides indication that it is the IDDM susceptibility gene IDDM4. In various aspects the invention provides nucleic acid, including coding sequences, oligonucleotide primers and probes, polypeptides, pharmaceutical compositions, methods of diagnosis or prognosis, and other methods relating to and based on the gene, including methods of treatment of diseases in which the gene may be implicated, including autoimmune diseases, such as glomerulonephritis, diseases and disorders involving disruption of endocytosis and/or antigen presentation, diseases and disorders involving cytokine clearance and/or inflammation, viral infection, elevation of free fatty acids or hypercholesterolemia, osteoporosis, Alzheimer\'s disease, and diabetes.

Description

65 parts
›This application claims benefit of PCT/GB98/01102, filed Apr…

This application claims benefit of PCT/GB98/01102, filed Apr. 15, 1998, and U.S. Provisional Application Nos. 60/043,553 and 60/048,740, filed Apr. 15, 1997 and Jun. 5, 1997, respectively.

›FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to nucleic acids, polypeptides, oligonucleotide probes and primers, methods of diagnosis or prognosis, and other methods relating to and based on the identification of a gene, which is characterised as a member of the LDL-receptor family and for which there are indications that some alleles are associated with susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (“IDDM”), also known as type 1 diabetes.

More particularly, the present invention is based on cloning and characterisation of a gene which the present inventors have termed “LDL-receptor related protein-5 (LRP5)” (previously “LRP-3”), based on characteristics of the encoded polypeptide which are revealed herein for the first time and which identify it as a member of the LDL receptor family. Furthermore, experimental evidence is included herein which provides indication that LRP5 is the IDDM susceptibility gene IDDM4.

›BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Diabetes, the dysregulation of glucose homeostasis, affects about 6% of the general population. The most serious form, type 1 diabetes, which affects up to 0.4% of European-derived population, is caused by autoimmune destruction of the insulin producing β-cells of the pancreas, with a peak age of onset of 12 years. The β-cell destruction is irreversible, and despite insulin replacement by injection patients suffer early mortality, kidney failure and blindness (Bach, 1994; Tisch and McDevitt, 1996). The major aim, therefore, of genetic research is to identify the genes predisposing to type 1 diabetes and to use this information to understand disease mechanisms and to predict and prevent the total destruction of β-cells and the disease.

The mode of inheritance of type 1 diabetes does not follow a simple Mendelian pattern, and the concordance of susceptibility genotype and the occurrence of disease is much less than 100%, as evidenced by the 30-70% concordance of identical twins (Matsuda and Kuzuya, 1994; Kyvik et al, 1995). Diabetes is caused by a number of genes or polygenes acting together in concert, which makes it particularly difficult to identify and isolate individual genes.

The main IDDM locus is encoded by the major histo-compatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 6p21 (IDDM1). The degree of familial clustering at this locus, λs=2.5, where λs=P expected [sharing of zero alleles at the locus identical-by-descent (IBD)]/P observed [sharing of zero alleles IBD] (Risch 1987; Todd, 1994), with a second locus on chromosome 11p15, IDDM2, the insulin minisatellite λs=1.25 (Bell et al, 1984; Thomson et al, 1989; Owerbach et al, 1990; Julier et al, 1991; Bain et al, 1992; Spielman et al, 1993; Davies et al, 1994; Bennett et al, 1995). These loci were initially detected by small case control association studies, based on their status as functional candidates, which were later confirmed by further case-control, association and linkage studies.

These two loci, however, cannot account for all the observed clustering of disease in families (λs=15), which is estimated from the ratio of the risk for siblings of patients and the population prevalence (6%/0.4%) (Risch, 1990). We initiated a positional cloning strategy in the hope of identifying the other loci causing susceptibility to type 1 diabetes, utilising the fact that markers linked to a disease gene will show excess of alleles shared identical-by-descent in affected sibpairs (Penrose, 1953; Risch, 1990; Holmans, 1993).

The initial genome-wide scan for linkage utilising 289 microsatellite markers, in 96 UK sibpair families, revealed evidence of linkage to an additional eighteen loci (Davies et al, 1994). Confirmation of linkage to two of these loci was achieved by analysis of two additional family sets (102 UK families and 84 USA families), IDDM4 on chromosome 11q13 (MLS 1.3, P=0.003 at FGF3) and IDDM5 on chromosome 6q (MLS 1.8 at ESR). At IDDM4 the most significant linkage was obtained in the subset of families sharing 1 or 0 alleles IBD at HLA (MLS=2.8; P=0.001; λs=1.2) (Davies et al, 1994). This linkage was also observed by Hashimoto et al (1994) using 251 affected sibpairs, obtaining P=0.0008 in all sibpairs. Combining these results, with 596 families, provides substantial support for IDDM4 (P=1.5×10−6) (Todd and Farrall, 1996; Luo et al, 1996).

›BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present inventors now disclose for the first time a gene encoding a novel member of the LDL-receptor family, which they term “LRP5” (previously “LRP-3”). Furthermore, evidence indicates that the gene represents the IDDM susceptibility locus IDDM4, the identification and isolation of which is a major scientific breakthrough.

Over the last 10 years many genes for single gene or monogenic diseases, which are relatively rare in the population, have been positioned by linkage analysis in families, and localised to a small enough region to allow identification of the gene. The latter sublocalisation and fine mapping can be carried out in single gene rare diseases because recombinations within families define the boundaries of the minimal interval beyond any doubt. In contrast, in common diseases such as diabetes or asthma the presence of the disease mutation does not always coincide with the development of the disease: disease susceptibility mutations in common disorders provide risk of developing of the disease, and this risk is usually much less than 100%. Hence, susceptibility genes in common diseases cannot be localised using recombination events within families, unless tens of thousands of families are available to fine map the locus. Because collections of this size are impractical, investigators are contemplating the use of association mapping, which relies on historical recombination events during the history of the population from which the families came from.

Association mapping has been used in over a dozen examples of rare single gene traits, and particularly in genetically isolated populations such as Finland to fine map disease mutations. Nevertheless, association mapping is fundamentally different from straightforward linkage mapping because even though the degree of association between two markers or a marker and a disease mutation is proportional to the physical distance along the chromosome this relationship can be unpredictable because it is dependent on the allele frequencies of the markers, the history of the population and the age and number of mutations at the disease locus. For rare, highly penetrant single gene diseases there is usually one major founder chromosome in the population under study, making it relatively feasible to locate an interval that is smaller than one that can be defined by standard recombination events within living families. The resolution of this method in monogenic diseases in which there is one main founder chromosome is certainly less than 2 cM, and in certain examples the resolution is down to 100 kb of DNA (Hastbacka et al. (1994) Cell 78,1-20).

In common diseases like type 1 diabetes, which are caused by a number of genes or polygenes acting together in concert the population frequency of the disease allele may be very high, perhaps exceeding 50%, and there are likely to be several founder chromosomes, all of which impart risk, and not a 100% certainty of disease development. Because association mapping is dependent on unpredictable parameters, and because founder chromosomes will be several and common in frequency in the general population, the task of fine mapping polygenes is currently one of some controversy, and many doubt the feasibility at all of a systematic genetic approach using a combination of linkage and association mapping. Recently, Risch and Marakandis have provided some mathematical background to the feasibility of association mapping in complex diseases ( Science 273 1516-1517, 1996) but they did not take into account the effect of multiple founder chromosomes.

As a result of these uncertainties, extremely large numbers of diabetic families are required for genotyping, with a large number of markers across a specific region, giving a linkage disequilibrium curve which may have several peaks. The question is, which peak identifies the aetiological mutation, and in what ways can we establish this? To our knowledge, the linkage disequilibrium curves and haplotype association maps shown in FIGS. 3, 4 , 19 and 20 are the first of their kind for any complex polygenic disease for any locus. Curves of this nature have not been published yet in the literature, even for the well-established IDDM1/MHC locus. In this respect the work described here is entirely novel and at the cutting edge of research into the genetics of polygenes.

›BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES · 1 of 19

FIG. 1 illustrates approximate localisation of IDDM4 on chromosome 11q13. Multipoint linkage map of maximum likelihood IBD in a subgroup of HLA 1:0 sharers in 150 families. MLS of 2.3 at FGF3 and D11S1883 (λs=1.19) were obtained (Davies et al (1994) Nature 371: 130-136).

FIG. 2 shows a physical map of the region D11S987-Galanin on chromosome 11q13. The interval was cloned in pacs, bacs and cosmids, and restriction mapped using a range of restriction enzymes to determine the physical distance between each marker.

FIG. 3 shows a single-point linkage disequilibrium curve at the IDDM4 region. 1289 families were analysed by TDT, with a peak at H0570POLYA,) P=0.001. x-axis: physical distance in kb; y-axis: TDT χ 2 statistic (tdf).

FIG. 4 shows a three-point rolling linkage disequilibrium curve at IDDM4, with 1289 families, from four different populations (UK, USA, Sardinia and Norway). In order to minimise the effects of variation in allele frequency at each polymorphism, the TDT data was obtained at three consecutive markers, and expressed as an average of the three. x-axis: physical distance in kb; y-axis: TDT χ 2 statistic.

FIG. 5 ( a ) shows DNA sequence of the LRP5 isoform 1 cDNA (SEQ ID NO:1).

FIG. 5 ( b ) shows the DNA sequence of the longest open reading frame present in the LRP5 cDNA (SEQ ID NO:2).

FIG. 5 ( c ) amino acid sequence translation (in standard single letter code) of the open reading frame in FIG. 5 ( b ) (SEQ ID NO:3).

FIG. 5 ( d ) motifs of LRP5 isoform 1 (SEQ ID NO:3), encoded by the open reading frame contained in FIG. 5 ( b ) (SEQ ID NO:2). Symbols: Underlined residues 1-24 contain a signal for protein export and cleavage, □ indicates the position of an intron/exon boundary, * indicates a putative N-linked glycosylation site in the proposed extracellular portion of the receptor. The EGF-binding motifs are shaded light gray, LDL-receptor ligand motifs are shaded a darker gray. The spacer regions are indicated by the underlined four amino acids with high similarity to the YWTD motif. A putative transmembrane spanning domain is underlined with a heavy line. Areas shaded in the cytoplasmic domain (1409 to end) may be involved in endocytosis.

FIG. 5 ( e ) amino acid sequence of the mature LRP5 protein (SEQ ID NO:4).

FIG. 5 ( f ) shows the comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the first 432 nucleotides of the 5′ end of the human isoform1 cDNA sequence (FIG. 5 ( a ) (SEQ ID NO:1)) on the upper line (SEQ ID NO:5) with the first 493 nucleotides of the 5′ end of the mouse Lrp5 cDNA sequence (FIG. 16 ( a ) (SEQ ID NO:35)) on the lower line (SEQ ID NO:6). The comparison was performed using the GCG algorithm GAP (Genetics Computer Group, Madison, Wis.).

FIG. 5 ( g ) shows the comparison of the first 550 amino acids of human LRP5 isoform 1 (SEQ ID NO:7) with the first 533 amino acids of mouse Lrp5 (SEQ ID NO:8) using the GCG algorithm GAP (Genetics Computer Group, Madison, Wis.).

FIG. 6 ( a ) shows the amino acid sequence of LRP5 motifs (SEQ ID NOS:9 to 22). A comparison was made using the program crossmatch (obtained from Dr. Phil Green, University of Washington) between the motifs present in LRP1 and the LRP5 amino acid sequence. The best match for each LRP5 motif is shown. For each motif, the top line is the LRP5 isoform 1 amino acid sequence, the middle line is amino acids that are identical in the two motifs, the lower line is the amino acid sequence of the best match LRP1 motif. Of particular note are the conserved cysteine (C) residues that are the hallmark of both the EGF-precursor and LDL-receptor ligand binding motifs(SEQ ID NOS:9-22).

FIG. 6 ( b ) illustrates the motif organization of the LDL-receptor and LRP5. The LDL-receptor ligand binding motif are represented by the light gray boxes, the EGFlike motifs are represented by the dark gray boxes. The YWTD spacer motifs are indicated by the vertical lines. The putative transmembrane domains are represented by the black box.

FIG. 7 shows LRP5 gene structure. The DNA sequence of contiguous pieces of genomic DNA is represented by the heavy lines and are according to the indicated scale. The position of the markers D11S1917(UT5620), H0570POLYA, L3001CA, D11S1337, and D11S970 are indicated. The exons are indicated by the small black boxes with their numerical or alphabetical name below, the size of the exons is not to scale.

FIG. 8 illustrates different LRP5 gene isoforms. Alternatively spliced 5′ ends of the LRP5 gene are indicated with the isoform number for each alternatively spliced form. The light gray arrow indicates the start of translation which occurs in exon 6 in isoform 1, may occur upstream of exon 1 in isoform 3 and occurs in exon B in isoforms 2, 4, 5. and 6. The core 22 exons (A to V) are represented by the box.

FIG. 9 is a SNP map of Contig 57. Polymorphisms were identified by the comparison of the DNA sequence of BAC 14-1-15 with cosmids EO 864 and BO 7185. Corresponding Table 6 indicates a PCR amplicon that includes the site of the polymorphism, the nature of the single nucleotide polymorphis (SNP), its location and the restriction site that is altered, if any. The line represents the contiguous genomic DNA with the relative location of the polymorphisms and the amplicons used to detect them. The large thin triangles represent the site of putative exons. The marker H0570POLYA is indicated.

FIG. 10 is a SNP map of Contig 58. Polymorphisms were identified by the comparison of the DNA sequence of BAC 14-1-15 with cosmid BO 7185. Corresponding Table 6 indicates a PCR amplicon that includes the site of the polymorphism, the nature of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), its location and the restriction site that is altered, if any. The line represents the contiguous genomic DNA with the relative location of the polymorphisms and the amplicons used to detect them. The large thin triangle at the very end of the line represents exon A of LRP5.

FIG. 11 ( a ) shows the DNA sequence of the isoform 2 cDNA (SEQ ID NO:23).

FIG. 11 ( b ) shows the longest open reading frame of isoform 2 (also isoform 4,5,6) (SEQ ID NO:24).

›BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES · 2 of 19

FIG. 11 ( c ) shows the amino acid sequence of isoform 2 (also isoform 4,5,6) (SEQ ID NO:25), encoded by the open reading frame of FIG. 12 ( b ).

FIG. 12 ( a ) shows the DNA sequence of isoform 3 cDNA (SEQ ID NO:26).

FIG. 12 ( b ) shows sequence obtained by GRAIL and a putative extension of isoform 3 (SEQ ID NO:27).

FIG. 12 ( c ) shows a putative open reading frame for isoform 3 (SEQ ID NO:28).

FIG. 12 ( d ) shows the amino acid sequence of isoform 3 (SEQ ID NO:29).

FIG. 12 ( e ) shows the GRAIL predicted promoter sequence for isoform 3 (SEQ ID NO:30).

FIG. 13 shows the DNA sequence of the isoform 4 cDNA (SEQ ID NO:31), which contains an open reading frame encoding isoform 2 (FIG. 11 ( b )).

FIG. 14 shows the DNA sequence of the present in cDNA isoform 5 (SEQ ID NO:32), which contains an open reading frame encoding isoform 2 (FIG. 11 ( b )).

FIG. 15 ( a ) shows the DNA sequence of isoform 6 (SEQ ID NO:33), which contains an open reading frame encoding isoform 2 (FIG. 11 ( b ).

FIG. 15 ( b ) shows the GRAIL predicted promoter sequence associated with isoform6 (SEQ ID NO:34).

FIG. 16 ( a ) shows the DNA sequence of a portion of the mouse Lrp5 cDNA (SEQ ID NO:35).

FIG. 16 ( b ) shows the DNA sequence of the 5′ extension of the mouse clone (SEQ ID NO:36).

FIG. 16 ( c ) shows the DNA sequence of a portion of the open reading frame of mouse Lrp5 (SEQ ID NO:37).

FIG. 16 ( d ) show the amino acid sequence of the open reading frame encoding a portion of mouse Lrp5 (SEQ ID NO:8).

FIG. 17 ( a )shows DNA sequence of exons A to V (SEQ ID NO:38).

FIG. 17 ( b ) shows the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:39) encoded by an open reading frame contained in FIG. 17 ( a ).

FIG. 18 ( a ) shows the nucleotide sequence of the full length mouse Lrp5 cDNA (SEQ ID NO:40).

FIG. 18 ( b ) shows the nucleotide sequence for the longest open reading frame present in the mouse Lrp5 cDNA (SEQ ID NO:41).

FIG. 18 ( c ) shows the amino acid sequence translation (in single letter code) of the open reading frame in FIG. 18 ( b ) (SEQ ID NO:42).

FIG. 18 ( d ) shows an alignment of the amino acid sequence of the human LRP5 protein and the mouse Lrp5 protein (SEQ ID NOS:3,42) program using the GCG algorithm GAP (Genetics Computer Group, Madison, Wis.).

FIG. 18 ( e ) shows an alignment of the amino acid sequence of the mature human LRP5 protein with the mature mouse LRP5 (SEQ ID NOS:43,44) program using the GCG algorithm GAP (Genetics Computer Group, Madison, Wis.).

FIG. 19 shows a schematic representation of haplotypes across the IDDM4 region. Three distinct haplotypes are shown. Haplotype A is protective against IDDM whereas haplotypes B and C are susceptible/non-protective for IDDM.

FIG. 20 shows a schematic representation of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) haplotypes across the IDDM4 region. Haplotype A is protective whereas haplotypes B, C, D, and E are susceptible/non-protective. A minimal region of 25 kb which is Identical By Descent (IBD) for the four susceptible haplotypes is indicated. The SNP designations, e.g. 57-3, are as described in Table 6 and FIGS. 9 and 10 .

LRP5 GENE STRUCTURE

The gene identified contains 22 exons, termed A-V, which encode most of the mature LRP5 protein. The 22 exons account for 4961 nucleotides of the LRP5 gene transcript (FIG. 5 ( a ) (SEQ ID NO: 1) and are located in an approximately 110 kb of genomic DNA. The genomic DNA containing these exons begins downstream of the genetic marker L3001CA and includes the genetic markers D11S1337, 14lca5, and D11S970 (FIG. 7 ). Several different 5′ ends of the LRP5 transcript have been identified. Of particular interest is isoform 1 with a 5′ end encoding a signal peptide sequence for protein export (secretory leader peptide) across the plasma membrane. As discussed below the LRP5 protein is likely to contain a large extracellular domain, therefore it would be anticipated that this protein would have a signal sequence. The exon encoding the signal sequence, termed exon 6, lies near the genetic marker H0570POLYA. This exon is 35 kb upstream of exon A and thus extends the genomic DNA comprising the LRP5 gene to at least 160 kb.

Several additional isoforms of the LRP5 gene that arise from alternative splicing of the 5′ end have been identified by PCR (FIG. 8 ). The functional relevance of these additional isoforms is not clear. Two of these LRP5 transcripts contain exon 1 which is located upstream of the genetic marker D11S1917(UT5620) and expands the LRP5 gene to approximately 180 kb of genomic DNA. The transcript termed isoform 3 consists of exon 1 spliced directly to exon A. The reading frame is open at the 5′ end and thus there is the potential for additional coding information present in exons upstream of exon 1. Alternatively, centromeric extension of exon 1 to include all of the open reading frame associated with this region yields the open reading frame for isoform 3.

The second transcript that contains exon 1 also contains exon 5, which is located near the genetic marker H0570POLYA. The open reading frame for this isoform, isoform 2, begins in exon B and thus encodes a truncated LRP5 protein which lacks any predicted secretory leader peptide in the first 100 amino acids. There are three additional transcripts each with an open reading frame beginning in exon B and with 5′ ends near the genetic marker L3001CA.

Expression Profile of LRP5

Northern blot analysis indicates that the major mRNA transcript for the LRP5 gene is approximately 5 to 5.5 kb and is most highly expressed in liver, pancreas, prostate, and placenta. Expression is also detected in skeletal muscle, kidney, spleen, thymus, ovary, lung, small intestine, and colon. Minor bands both larger and smaller than 5 kb are detected and may represent alternative splicing events or related family members.

LRP5 is a Member of the LDL-receptor Family

The gene identified in the IDDM4 locus, lrp5, is a member of the LDL-receptor family. This family of proteins has several distinguishing characteristics, a large extracellular domain containing cysteine rich motifs which are involved in ligand binding, a single transmembrane spanning domain, and an “NPXY” (SEQ ID NO:45) internalization motif-(Krieger and Herz (1994) Ann. Rev. Biochem. 63: 601-637). The functional role of the members of this family is the clearance of their ligands by the mechanism of receptor mediated endocytosis. This is illustrated by the most highly characterized member of the family, the LDL-receptor which is responsible for the clearance of LDL cholesterol from plasma (Goldstein, et. al. (1985) Ann. Rev. Cell Biol. 1: 1-39).

›BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES · 3 of 19

LRP5 is most closely related to the LDL-receptor related protein (LRP) which is also know as the alpha2-macroglobulin receptor. Translation of the open reading frame (ORF) of isoform 1 yields the LRP5 protein. Comparison of the LRP5 protein to human LRP1 using the algorithm GAP (Genetics Computer Group, Madison, Wis.) reveals an overall amino acid similarity of 55% and 34% identity to the region of the human LRP1 protein from amino acids 1236 to 2934. The DNA of this ORF is 45% identical to LRP1 encoding DNA as indicated by GAP. A slightly lower but significant level of similarity is seen with the megalin receptor also termed LRP2 and gp330 (Saito, et al. (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 91: 9725-9729), as well as the Drosophilla vitellogenin receptor (Schonboum et. al. (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 92: 1485-1489). Similarity is also observed with other members of the LDL-receptor family including the LDL-receptor (Suedhof et. al. (1985) Science 228: 815-822) and the VLDL receptor (Oka et. al. (1994) Genomics 20: 298-300). Due to the presence of EGF-like motifs in LRP5 similarity is also observed with the EGF precursor and nidogen precursor which are not members of the LDL-receptor family.

Properties and Motifs of LRP5

The N-terminal portion of LRP5 likely has the potential for a signal sequence cleavage site. Signal sequences are frequently found in proteins that are exported across the plasma membrane (von Heijne (1994) Ann. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struc. 23: 167-192). In addition, other members of the LDL-receptor family contain a signal sequence for protein export.

The presence of a signal sequence cleavage site was initially identified by a comparison of the human LRP5 with a mouse cDNA sequence that we obtained. The initial mouse partial cDNA sequence that we obtained, 1711 nucleotides (FIG. 16 ( a ) (SEQ ID NO:35)), is 87% identical over an approximately 1500 nucleotide portion to the human LRP5 cDNA and thus is likely to be the mouse ortholog (Lrp5) of the human LRP5. The cloned portion of the mouse cDNA contains an open reading frame (FIG. 16 ( c ) (SEQ ID NO:37)) encoding 533 amino acids. The initiating codon has consensus nucleotides for efficient translation at both the −3 (purine) and +4 (G nucleotide) positions (Kozak, M. 1996, Mamalian Genome 7:563-574). A 500 amino acid of the portion of the mouse Lrp5 (FIG. 5 ( g ) and FIG. 16 ( d ) (SEQ ID NO:8)) is 96% identical to human LRP5, further supporting the proposal that this is the mouse ortholog of LRP5.

Significantly, the first 200 nucleotides of the mouse cDNA have very little similarity to the 5′ extensions present in isoforms 2-6 discussed below. By contrast this sequence is 75% identical with the human sequence for exon 6 that comprises the 5′ end of isoform 1. Thus isoform 1 which encodes a signal peptide for protein export likely represents the most biologically relevant form of LRP5.

Importantly, both the human LRP5 and mouse Lrp5 open reading frames encodes a peptide with the potential to act as a eukaryotic signal sequence for protein export (von Heijne, 1994, Ann. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struc. 23:167-192). The highest score for the signal sequence as determined by using the SigCleave program in the GCG analysis package (Genetics Computer Group, Madison Wis.) generates a mature peptide beginning at residue 25 of human LRP5 and residue 29 of mouse Lrp5 (FIGS. 5 ( d and g )). Additional sites that may be utilized produce mature peptides in the human LRP5 beginning at amino acid residues 22, 23, 23, 26, 27, 28, 30 or 32. Additional cleavage sites in the mouse Lrp5 result in mature peptides beginning at amino acid residue 31, 32, 33, or 38 (FIG. 5 ( g ) (SEQ ID NO:8)). The mature human LRP5 protein is show in FIG. 5 ( e ) (SEQ ID NO:4).

The other alternative isoforms of LRP5 lack a signal sequence near the N-terminus of the encoded protein. The functional relevance of these additional isoforms is not known, however there are several exported proteins which lack a signal sequence and are transported by a signal peptide independent mechanism (Higgins, C. F. (1992) Ann. Rev. Cell Biol. 8: 67-113). Thus it is possible that the putative extracellular domain of these isoforms is translocated across the plasma membrane.

The extracellular domain of members of the LDL receptor family contains multiple motifs containing six cysteine residues within an approximately 40 amino acid region. (Krieger and Herz (1994) Ann. Rev. Biochem. 63: 601-637). Several classes of these cysteine rich motifs have been defined based on the spacing of the cysteine residues and the nature of other conserved amino acids within the motif. The LDL-receptor ligand binding (class A) motif is distinguished by a cluster of acidic residues in the C-terminal portion of the motif which includes a highly conserved SDE sequence. The importance of this acidic region in ligand binding has been demonstrated by mutagenesis studies (Russell et. al. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264: 21682-21688). Three LDL-receptor ligand binding motifs are found in the LRP5 protein (FIG. 6 ( a ) (SEQ ID NOS:9 to 22)). The EGF-like (class B) motif lacks the cluster of acidic residues present in the LDL-receptor ligand binding motif. In addition, the spacing of the cysteine residues differs in the EGF-like motifs relative to the LDL-receptor ligand binding motif. The LRP5 protein contains 4 EGF-precursor (B.2) motifs which have the property of an NGGCS motif between the first and second cysteine residue (FIG. 6 ( a ) (SEQ ID NOS:9 to 22)).

The size of the members of the LDL receptor family and the number of the cysteine-rich repeats in the extracellular domain varies greatly. LRP1 is a large protein of 4544 amino acids and contains 31 LDL-receptor ligand binding motifs (class A) and 22 EGF-like motifs (class B) (Herz et. al., (1988) EMBO 7: 4119-4127). Similarly the megalin receptor, LRP2, is a protein of 4660 amino acids and consists of 36 LDL-receptor ligand binding motifs and 17 EGF-like motifs (Saito et. al. (1994) PNAS 91: 9725-9729). In contrast, the LDL receptor is a relatively small protein of 879 amino acids which contains 7 LDL-ligand binding motifs and 3 EGF-like motifs. The predicted size of the mature LRP5 protein, 1591 amino acids, is intermediate between LRP1 and the LDL receptor. As indicated above the LRP5 protein contains four EGF-like motifs and three LDL-ligand binding motifs. It has been postulated that the multiple motif units, particularly evident in LRP1 and LRP2, account for the ability of these proteins to bind multiple lipoprotein and protein ligands (Krieger and Herz (1994) Ann. Rev. Biochem. 63: 601-637).

›BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES · 4 of 19

The arrangement of the LDL-receptor ligand binding and EGF-like motifs relative to each other is similar in both the LDL receptor, LRP1, and LRP2. In each of these proteins multiple LDL-ligand binding motifs are grouped together and followed by at least one EGF-like motif (Herz et. al., (1988) EMBO 7: 4119-4127, 1988). By contrast, in the LRP5 protein an EGF-like motif precedes the group of three LDL-ligand binding motifs (FIG. 6 ( b )). An additional property unique to LRP5 is that the LDL-ligand binding motifs in LRP5 are followed by the putative transmembrane domain. The different arrangement of the motifs may define LRP5 as a member of a new subfamily within the LDL-receptor related protein family.

LRP5 has a signal peptide for protein export at the N-terminus of the protein. Signal peptide cleavage yields a mature LRP5 protein which begins with an EGF precursor spacer domain from amino acids 31-297 (amino acid residue numbers are based upon the LRP5 precursor). The EGF precursor spacer domain is composed of five approximately 50 amino acid repeats that each contain the characteristic sequence motif Tyr-Trp-Thr-Asp (YWTD) (SEQ ID NO:46). There are three additional spacer domains from amino acids 339-602, 643-903, and 944-1214. Each spacer domain is followed by an EGF repeat from amino acids 297-338 (egf1), 603-642 (egf2), 904-943 (egf3), and 1215-1255 (egf4). The EGF repeats contain six conserved cysteine residues and are of the B.2 class which has an Asn-Gly-Gly-Cys (NGGC) (SEQ ID NO:47) motif as a feature (Herz et al. 1988, EMBO J 7:4119-27) (FIG. 6 ( a ) (SEQ ID NO:9 to 22)). A single unit defined as an EGF precursor spacer domain and an EGF repeat, is repeated four times in LRP5. The last EGF repeat is adjacent to three consecutive LDLR repeats from amino acids 1257-1295(ldlr1), 1296-1333 (ldlr2), and 1334-1372 (ldlr3). The LDLR repeats have the conserved cysteine residues, as well as, the motif Ser-Asp-Glu (SDE) as a characteristic feature (FIG. 6 ( a ) (SEQ ID NOS:9 to 22)). There are thirteen amino acids separating the LDLR repeats from the putative transmembrane spanning domain of 23 amino acids from 1386-1408. The putative extracellular domain of LRP5 has six potential sites for N-linked glycosylation at amino acid residues 93, 138, 446, 499, 705, and 878 (FIG. 5 ( d ) (SEQ ID NO:3)).

The intracellular domain of LRP5 is comprised of 207 amino acids which is longer than most members of the family but similar in size to LRP2 (Saito et. al. (1994) PNAS 91:9725-9729). It does not exhibit similarity to the LDL-receptor family, nor is it similar to any other known proteins. The cytoplasmic domain of LRP5 is comprised of 16% proline and 15% serine residues (FIG. 5 ( d ) (SEQ ID NO:3)). Most members of the LDL-receptor family contain a conserved NPXY motif in the cytoplasmic domain which has been implicated in endocytosis by coated pits (Chen et. al. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265: 3116-3123). Mutagenesis studies have indicated that the critical residue for recognition by components of the endocytotic process is the tyrosine residue (Davis, et al. (1987) Cell 45: 15-24). Replacement of the tyrosine residue by phenylalanine or tryptophan is tolerated, thus the minimal requirement for this residue appears to be that it is aromatic amino acid (Davis, et al. (1987) Cell 45: 15-24). Structural studies have indicated that the critical function of the NP residues is to provide a beta-turn that presents the aromatic residue (Bansal and Gierasch (1991) Cell 67: 1195-1201).

Although the cytoplasmic domain of LRP5 does not contain an NPXY motif, there are several aromatic residues in the LRP5 cytoplasmic domain that lie in putative turn regions (FIG. 5 ( d ) (SEQ ID NO:3)) and thus may be involved in facilitating endocytosis. In particular tyrosine 1473 which occurs in the sequence VPLY (SEQ ID NOS:48) motif has the proline and tyrosine in the correct position, relative to the consensus motif. Although the NPXY motif has been implicated in endocytosis in several proteins it is not an absolute requirement as there are proteins that lack the NPXY motif, e.g. the transferrin receptor, that undergo endocytosis by coated pits (Chen, et. al. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265: 3116-3123). In any event, we anticipate that the primary function of this protein will be receptor mediated endocytosis of its ligand.

Potential Roles of LRP5

The ability of members of the LDL-receptor family to bind multiple ligands suggests that LRP5 may function to bind one or more ligands. Moreover, in a fashion analogous to other members of the family, once bound the LRP5 receptor ligand complex would endocytose resulting in clearance of the ligand from the extracellular milieu. The nature of the LRP5 ligand may be a lipid, a protein, a protein complex, or a lipoprotein and may possess a variety of functions. Although the physiological function of the most closely related member of the LDL-receptor family, LRP1, is uncertain, it does possess a number of biochemical activities. LRP1 binds to alpha-2 macroglobulin. Alpha-2 macroglobulin is a plasma complex that contains a “bait” ligand for a variety of proteinases e.g. trypsin, chymotrypsin, pancreatic elastase and plasma kallikrein (Jensen (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 20:11539-11542). Once the proteinase binds and enzymatically cleaves the “bait” alpha-2 macroglobulin undergoes a conformational change and “traps” the proteinase. The proteinase:alpha-2 macroglobulin complex is rapidly cleared by LRP. This mechanism scavenges proteinases that have the potential to mediate a variety of biological functions e.g. antigen processing and proteinase secretion (Strickland et. al. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265: 17401-17404). The importance of this function is evidenced by the prenatal death of Lrp1 knockout mice (Zee et. al. (1994) Genomics 23: 256-259).

Antigen presentation is a critical component in the development of IDDM as is evidenced by the pivotal role of MHC haplotypes in conferring disease susceptibility (Tisch and McDivitt (1996) Cell 85: 291-297). By analogy with LRP1, LRP5 may play a role in antigen presentation in which case polymorphisms within this gene could affect the development of autoimmunity in the type 1 diabetic patient.

›BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES · 5 of 19

The alpha-2 macroglobulin complex also binds cytokines and growth factors such as interleukin-1 beta, interleukin 2, interleukin 6, transforming growth factor-beta, and fibroblast growth factor (Moestrup and Gliemann (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266: 14011-14017). Thus the alpha-2 macroglobulin receptor has the potential to play a role in the clearance of cytokines and growth factors. The role of cytokines in mediating immune and inflammatory responses is well established. For example, the interleukin-2 gene is a strong candidate gene for the Idd3 locus in the non-obese diabetic mouse, an animal model for type 1 diabetes (Denny et. al. (1977) Diabetes 46:695-700 If LRP5 binds alpha-2 macroglobulin or related complexes then it may play a role in the immune response by mediating cytokine clearance. For example, the LRP5 which is expressed in pancreas, the target tissue of IDDM, may play a role in clearing cytokines from the inflammatory infiltrate (insulitis) that is ongoing in the disease. A polymorphism in LRP5 that reduces the ability of LRP5 to clear cytokines may increase an individuals susceptibility to developing IDDM. Furthermore an individual with a polymorphism that increases the ability of LRP5 to clear cytokines may be protected from developing IDDM. Conversely, certain cytokines counteract other cytokines and thus removal of certain beneficial cytokines by LRP5 may confer disease susceptibility and thus a polymorphism that reduces LRP5 activity may confer protection from developing the disease.

Increases of free fatty acids (FFA) have been shown to reduce insulin secretion in animals (Boden et. al. (1997) Diabetes 46: 3-10). In addition, ApoE which is a ligand for the LDL-receptor, has been associated with an antioxidant activity (Miyata and Smith (1996) Nature Genet. 14: 55-61) and oxidative damage is a central pathogenic mechanism in pancreatic β-cell destruction in type 1 diabetes (Bac (1994) Endocrin. Rev. 15: 516-542). Thus alterations in the ability of LRP5 to bind ApoE and related lipoproteins may influence the susceptibility to oxidative damage in pancreatic β-cells. Transfection of forms of LRP5 into β-cells may facilitate resistance of β cells to damage by the immune system in autoimmunity and in transplantation.

A pharmacological entity termed the lipolysis-stimulated receptor (LSR) which binds and endocytoses chylomicron remnants in the presence of FFA has been described (Mann et. al. (1995) Biochemistry 34: 10421-10431. One possible role for the LRP5 gene product is that it is responsible for this activity.

Another member of the LRP family is LRP2, also known as megalin and gp330, this protein has been implicated in Heymann's nephritis, an autoimmune disease of the kidney in rats (Saito et. al. (1994) PNAS 91: 9725-9729). Heymann's nephritis is a model of glomerularnephritis and is characterized by the development of autoantibodies to the alpha-2 macroglobulin receptor associated protein, also known as the Heymann nephritis antigen. The Heymann nephritis antigen binds to LRP2 (Strickland et. al. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266: 13364-13369). LRP2 may play a role in this disease by clearance of this pathogenic protein. In an analogous manner the function of LRP5 may be to bind and clear proteins in the pancreas to which the IDDM patient has generated autoantibodies. Alternatively LRP5 itself may be an autoantigen in the IDDM patient.

LRP1 has been identified as the receptor for certain bacterial toxins (Krieger and Herz (1994) Ann. Rev. Biochem. 63: 601-637) and the human rhinovirus (Hofer et. al. (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 91: 1839-42). It is possible that a viral infection alters an individuals susceptibility to IDDM (Epstein (1994) N. Eng. J. Med. 331: 1428-1436). If certain viruses utilize LRP5 as a mode of entry into the cell then polymorphisms in LRP5 may alter the individuals susceptibility to type 1 diabetes.

Alterations in LRP5 may participate in the pathogenesis of other diseases. LRP1 binds lipoproteins such as apoE and C-apolipoproteins. The clearance of lipoproteins such as apoE and apoB by the LDL receptor is its primary role, mutations in the LDL receptor lead to hypercholesterolemia (Chen et. al. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265: 3116-3123). Therefore mutations in LRP5 that decrease the ability of the protein to scavenge lipoproteins may cause an elevation in cholesterol. Variations in LRP5 could predispose to the development of macrovascular complications in diabetics, the major cause of death. In type 2 diabetics, pancreatic pathology is characterised by the deposition of amyloid. Amyloid deposition may decrease pancreatic β-cell function. LRP5 could function in the metabolism of islet amyloid and influence susceptibility to type 2 diabetes as well as type 1 diabetes. The role of ApoE in Alzheimer's disease indicates that proteins such as LRP1 and possibly LRP5 have the potential to contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease.

Polymorphism in genes involved in the development of osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome have been mapped to a 3-cM region of chromosome 11 which includes the gene encoding LRP5 (Gong et. al. (1996) Am. J. Hum. Genet. 59: 146-151). The pathogenic mechanism of this disease is unknown but is believed to involve a regulatory role, patients with have aberrant vascular growth in the vitero-retina. The potential role of LRP5 in the clearance of fibroblast growth factor, a mediator of angiogenesis, and the chromosomal location of the gene suggests that it may play a role in this disease. This proposed function could also be connected with the development of retinopathy in diabetes.

Polymorphisms in the LRP5 Gene

The exons of the LRP5 gene are being scanned for polymorphisms. There are several polymorphisms that change an amino acid in LRP5 that have been identified in IDDM patients (Table 5). Of particular interest is a C to T transition, which changes an Ala codon to Val, in one of the three conserved LDL receptor ligand binding motifs. In addition to this polymorphism described above, a C to T transition was identified in the codon for Asn 209 (with no effect on the encoded amino acid), and three polymorphisms were identified in intronic sequences flanking the exons. An additional set of polymorphisms has been identified by comparing experimentally derived cDNA sequences with the genomic DNA sequence (Table 5). Some of these polymorphism will be analyzed in a large number of IDDM patients and control individuals to determine their association with IDDM.

›BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES · 6 of 19

A number of (approximately 30) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in the genomic DNA sequences of overlapping BAC and cosmid clones surrounding the genetic marker poly A. The contiguous genomic sequences containing these polymorphism have been termed contig 57 (FIG. 9 ), which contains exons 1 and 5 along with the genetic markers poly A and D11S1917(UT5620), and contig 58 (FIG. 10) which contains the genetic marker L3001ca and part of exon A.

Additional Experimental Evidence

A region of identity-by-descent associated with type 1 diabetes has been identified in the 5′ portion of the LRP5 gene. By combining data from SNPs and microsatellite markers we have identified a region identical-by-descent in susceptible haplotypes, the minimal region consists of 25 kb which contains the putative regulatory regions of LRP5 and the first exon. This strengthens the genetic evidence for LRP5 being a diabetes risk gene. Therefore therapies that affect LRP5 may be useful in the prevention and treatment of type 1 diabetes.

Overexpression of LRP5 in mice provides evidence for LRP5 affecting lipoprotein metabolism. Statistically significant evidence for modulation of triglycerides by LRP5 has been obtained. Thus therapies that affect LRP5 may be useful in the treatment of cardiovascular disease and conditions where serum triglycerides are elevated.

Suggestive evidence was obtained for LRP5 reducing serum cholesterol when it is above normal. There is also evidence for the ability of LRP5 to interact with very low-density lipoprotein particles and reduce their levels in serum. Therefore therapies that affect LRP-5 may be useful in the treatment of cardiovascular disease and conditions where serum cholesterol levels are elevated.

Biochemical studies indicate that LRP5 has the capacity to function in the uptake of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. Thus therapies that affect LRP5 may be useful in the treatment of cardiovascular disease where LDL levels are elevated.

Overexpression of LRP5 in mice provided statistically significant evidence for a reduction in serum alkaline phosphatase. A reduction in serum alkaline phosphatase is consistent with LRP5 playing a role in modulation of the immune response. This provides evidence for LRP5 participating in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Therefore therapies that affect LRP5 may be useful in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.

Cellular localization of LRP5 indicates that it is expressed in a particular subtype, the phagocytic macrophages, of mature tissue macrophages. Evidence from the literature indicates that this class of macrophages is involved in autoimmune disease, supporting a role for LRP5 in autoimmune disease and type 1 diabetes. Therefore therapies that affect LRP5 may be useful in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.

Full length cDNAs for both human and mouse LRP5 have been obtained. Antibodies directed against LRP5 have been developed. These reagents provide tools to further analyze the biological function of LRP5.

Irrespective of LRP5's actual mode of action and involvement in IDDM and other diseases, the experimental work described herein establishes and supports the practical applications which are disclosed as aspects and embodiments of the present invention.

According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a nucleic acid molecule which has a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide which includes the amino acid sequence shown in FIG. 5 ( c ) (SEQ ID NO:3), FIG. 5 ( d ) (SEQ ID NO:3) or FIG. 5 ( e ) (SEQ ID NO:4). The amino acid sequence of FIG. 5 ( c ) (SEQ ID NO:3) includes that of FIG. 5 ( e ) (SEQ ID NO:4) and a signal sequence.

The coding sequence may be that shown included in FIG. 5 ( a ) (SEQ ID NO: 1) or FIG. 5 ( b ) (SEQ ID NO:2) or it may be a mutant, variant, derivative or allele of the sequence shown. The sequence may differ from that shown by a change which is one or more of addition, insertion, deletion and substitution of one or more nucleotides of the sequence shown. Changes to a nucleotide sequence may result in an amino acid change at the protein level, or not, as determined by the genetic code.

Thus, nucleic acid according to the present invention may include a sequence different from the sequence shown in FIG. 5 ( a ) (SEQ ID NO: 1) or FIG. 5 ( b ) (SEQ ID NO:2) yet encode a polypeptide with the same amino acid sequence. The amino acid sequence shown in FIG. 5 ( c ) (SEQ ID NO:3) consists of 1615 residues.

On the other hand the encoded polypeptide may comprise an amino acid sequence which differs by one or more amino acid residues from the amino acid sequence shown in FIG. 5 ( c ) (SEQ ID NO:3). Nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide which is an amino acid sequence mutant, variant, derivative or allele of the sequence shown in FIG. 5 ( c ) (SEQ ID NO:3) is further provided by the present invention. Such polypeptides are discussed below. Nucleic acid encoding such a polypeptide may show at the nucleotide sequence and/or encoded amino acid level greater than about 60% homology with the coding sequence shown in FIG. 5 ( a ) (SEQ ID NO: 1) and/or the amino acid sequence shown in FIG. 5 ( c ) (SEQ ID NO:3), greater than about 70% homology, greater than about 80% homology, greater than about 90% homology or greater than about 95% homology. For amino acid “homology”, this may be understood to be similarity (according to the established principles of amino acid similarity, e.g. as determined using the algorithm GAP (Genetics Computer Group, Madison, Wis.) or identity. GAP uses the Needleman and Wunsch algorithm to align two complete sequences that maximizes the number of matches and minimizes the number of gaps. Generally, the default parameters are used, with a gap creation penalty=12 and gap extension penalty=4. Use of either of the terms “homology” and “homologous” herein does not imply any necessary evolutionary relationship between compared sequences, in keeping for example with standard use of terms such as “homologous recombination” which merely requires that two nucleotide sequences are sufficiently similar to recombine under the appropriate conditions. Further discussion of polypeptides according to the present invention, which may be encoded by nucleic acid according to the present invention, is found below.

›BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES · 7 of 19

The present invention extends to nucleic acid that hybridizes with any one or more of the specific sequences disclosed herein under stringent conditions. Suitable conditions include, e.g. for detection of sequences that are about 80-90% identical such as detection of mouse LRP5 with a human probe or vice versa, hybridization overnight at 42° C. in 0.25M Na 2 HPO 4 , pH 7.2, 6.5% SDS, 10% dextran sulfate and a final wash at 55° C. in 0.1×SSC, 0.1% SDS. For detection of sequences that are greater than about 90% identical, suitable conditions include hybridization overnight at 65° C. in 0.25M Na 2 HPO 4 , pH 7.2, 6.5% SDS, 10% dextran sulfate and a final wash at 60° C. in 0.1×SSC, 0.1% SDS.

The coding sequence may be included within a nucleic acid molecule which has the sequence shown in FIG. 5 ( a ) (isoform 1) (SEQ ID NO: 1) or FIG. 5 ( b ) (SEQ ID NO:2) and encode the full polypeptide of isoform 1 (FIG. 5 ( c ) (SEQ ID NO:3)). Mutants, variants, derivatives and alleles of these sequences are included within the scope of the present invention in terms analogous to those set out in the preceding paragraph and in the following disclosure.

Also provided by the present invention in various aspects and embodiments is a nucleic acid molecule encoding a polypeptide which includes the amino acid sequence shown in FIG. 17 ( b ) (SEQ ID NO:39). This sequence forms a substantial part of the amino acid sequence shown in FIG. 5 ( e ) (SEQ ID NO:4). Nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide which includes the amino acid sequence shown in FIG. 17 ( b ) (SEQ ID NO:39) may include the coding sequence shown in FIG. 17 ( b ) (SEQ ID NO:39), or an allele, variant, mutant or derivative in similar terms to those discussed above and below for other aspects and embodiments of the present invention.

According to various aspects of the present invention there are also provided various isoforms of the LRP5 polypeptide and gene. The gene of FIG. 5 is known as isoform 1. Included within the present invention is a nucleic acid molecule which has a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide which includes the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide shown in FIG. 11 ( c ) (isoform 2) (SEQ ID NO:25). The coding sequence may be as shown in FIG. 11 ( b ) (SEQ ID NO:24) (which may be included within a molecule which has the sequence shown in FIG. 11 ( a ) (isoform 2) (SEQ ID NO:23) or the sequence shown in FIG. 12 ( a ) (isoform 3) (SEQ ID NO:26)), FIG. 13 (isoform 4) (SEQ ID NO:31), FIG. 14 (isoform 5) (SEQ ID NO:32) and FIG. 15 (isoform 6) (SEQ ID NO:33). Mutants, derivatives, variants and alleles of these sequences are also provided by the present invention, as disclosed.

Further nucleic acid molecules according to the present invention include the nucleotide sequence of any of FIG. 5 ( a ) (SEQ ID NO: 1), FIG. 12 ( b ) (SEQ ID NO:27), FIG. 12 ( e ) (SEQ ID NO:30), FIG. 15 ( b ) (SEQ ID NO:34), FIG. 16 ( a ) (SEQ ID NO:35) and FIG. 16 ( b ) (SEQ ID NO:36) and nucleic acid encoding the amino acid sequences encoded by FIG. 5 ( a ) (SEQ ID NO: 1), FIG. 11 ( b ) (SEQ ID NO:24), FIG. 12 ( c ) (SEQ ID NO:28) or FIG. 16 ( c ) (SEQ ID NO:37), along with mutants, alleles, variants and derivatives of these sequences. Further included are nucleic acid molecules encoding the amino acid sequence of FIG. 18 ( c ) (SEQ ID NO:42), particularly including the coding sequence shown in FIG. 18 ( b ) (SEQ ID NO:41)

Particular alleles according to the present invention have sequences have a variation indicated in Table 5 or Table 6. One or more of these may be associated with susceptibility to IDDM or other disease. Alterations in a sequence according to the present invention which are associated with IDDM or other disease may be preferred in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. Implications for screening, e.g. for diagnostic or prognostic purposes, are discussed below.

Generally, nucleic acid according to the present invention is provided as an isolate, in isolated and/or purified form, or free or substantially free of material with which it is naturally associated, such as free or substantially free of nucleic acid flanking the gene in the human genome, except possibly one or more regulatory sequence(s) for expression. Nucleic acid may be wholly or partially synthetic and may include genomic DNA, cDNA or RNA. The coding sequence shown herein is a DNA sequence. Where nucleic acid according to the invention includes RNA, reference to the sequence shown should be construed as encompassing reference to the RNA equivalent, with U substituted for T.

Nucleic acid may be provided as part of a replicable vector, and also provided by the present invention are a vector including nucleic acid as set out above, particularly any expression vector from which the encoded polypeptide can be expressed under appropriate conditions, and a host cell containing any such vector or nucleic acid. An expression vector in this context is a nucleic acid molecule including nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide of interest and appropriate regulatory sequences for expression of the polypeptide, in an in vitro expression system, e.g. reticulocyte lysate, or in vivo, e.g. in eukaryotic cells such as COS or CHO cells or in prokaryotic cells such as E. coli. This is discussed further below.

The nucleic acid sequence provided in accordance with the present invention is useful for identifying nucleic acid of interest (and which may be according to the present invention) in a test sample. The present invention provides a method of obtaining nucleic acid of interest, the method including hybridisation of a probe having the sequence shown in any of FIGS. 5 ( a ), 11 ( a ), 11 ( b ), 12 ( a ), 12 ( b ), 12 ( c ), 12 ( e ), 13 , 14 , 15 , 15 ( b ) 16 ( a ), 16 ( b ), and 16 ( c ), or a complementary sequence, to target nucleic acid. Hybridisation is generally followed by identification of successful hybridisation and isolation of nucleic acid which has hybridised to the probe, which may involve one or more steps of PCR. It will not usually be necessary to use a probe with the complete sequence shown in any of these figures. Shorter fragments, particularly fragments with a sequence encoding the conserved motifs (FIG. 5 ( c,d ), and FIG. 6 ( a ) (SEQ ID NOS:9 to 22)) may be used.

›BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES · 8 of 19

Nucleic acid according to the present invention is obtainable using one or more oligonucleotide probes or primers designed to hybridise with one or more fragments of the nucleic acid sequence shown in any of the figures, particularly fragments of relatively rare sequence, based on codon usage or statistical analysis. A primer designed to hybridise with a fragment of the nucleic acid sequence shown in any of the figures may be used in conjunction with one or more oligonucleotides designed to hybridise to a sequence in a cloning vector within which target nucleic acid has been cloned, or in so-called “RACE” (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) in which cDNA's in a library are ligated to an oligonucleotide linker and PCR is performed using a primer which hybridises with a sequence shown and a primer which hybridises to the oligonucleotide linker.

Such oligonucleotide probes or primers, as well as the full-length sequence (and mutants, alleles, variants and derivatives) are also useful in screening a test sample containing nucleic acid for the presence of alleles, mutants and variants, with diagnostic and/or prognostic implications as discussed in more detail below.

Nucleic acid isolated and/or purified from one or more cells (e.g. human) or a nucleic acid library derived from nucleic acid isolated and/or purified from cells (e.g. a cDNA library derived from mRNA isolated from the cells), may be probed under conditions for selective hybridisation and/or subjected to a specific nucleic acid amplification reaction such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (reviewed for instance in “PCR protocols; A Guide to Methods and Applications”, Eds. Innis et al, 1990, Academic Press, New York, Mullis et al, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol., 51:263, (1987), Ehrlich (ed), PCR technology, Stockton Press, New York, 1989, and Ehrlich et al, Science, 252:1643-1650, (1991)). PCR comprises steps of denaturation of template nucleic acid (if double-stranded), annealing of primer to target, and polymerisation. The nucleic acid probed or used as template in the amplification reaction may be genomic DNA, cDNA or RNA. Other specific nucleic acid amplification techniques include strand displacement activation, the QB replicase system, the repair chain reaction, the ligase chain reaction and ligation activated transcription. For convenience, and because it is generally preferred, the term PCR is used herein in contexts where other nucleic acid amplification techniques may be applied by those skilled in the art. Unless the context requires otherwise, reference to PCR should be taken to cover use of any suitable nucleic amplification reaction available in the art.

In the context of cloning, it may be necessary for one or more gene fragments to be ligated to generate a full-length coding sequence. Also, where a full-length encoding nucleic acid molecule has not been obtained, a smaller molecule representing part of the full molecule, may be used to obtain full-length clones. Inserts may be prepared from partial cDNA clones and used to screen cDNA libraries. The full-length clones isolated may be subcloned into expression vectors and activity assayed by transfection into suitable host cells, e.g. with a reporter plasmid.

A method may include hybridisation of one or more (e.g. two) probes or primers to target nucleic acid. Where the nucleic acid is double-stranded DNA, hybridisation will generally be preceded by denaturation to produce single-stranded DNA. The hybridisation may be as part of a PCR procedure, or as part of a probing procedure not involving PCR. An example procedure would be a combination of PCR and low stringency hybridisation. A screening procedure, chosen from the many available to those skilled in the art, is used to identify successful hybridisation events and isolated hybridised nucleic acid.

Binding of a probe to target nucleic acid (e.g. DNA) may be measured using any of a variety of techniques at the disposal of those skilled in the art. For instance, probes may be radioactively, fluorescently or enzymatically labelled. Other methods not employing labelling of probe include examination of restriction fragment length polymorphisms, amplification using PCR, RN'ase cleavage and allele specific oligonucleotide probing. Probing may employ the standard Southern blotting technique. For instance DNA may be extracted from cells and digested with different restriction enzymes. Restriction fragments may then be separated by electrophoresis on an agarose gel, before denaturation and transfer to a nitrocellulose filter. Labelled probe may be hybridised to the DNA fragments on the filter and binding determined. DNA for probing may be prepared from RNA preparations from cells.

Preliminary experiments may be performed by hybridising under low stringency conditions various probes to Southern blots of DNA digested with restriction enzymes. Suitable conditions would be achieved when a large number of hybridising fragments were obtained while the background hybridisation was low. Using these conditions nucleic acid libraries, e.g. cDNA libraries representative of expressed sequences, may be searched. Those skilled in the art are well able to employ suitable conditions of the desired stringency for selective hybridisation, taking into account factors such as oligonucleotide length and base composition, temperature and so on. On the basis of amino acid sequence information, oligonucleotide probes or primers may be designed, taking into account the degeneracy of the genetic code, and, where appropriate, codon usage of the organism from the candidate nucleic acid is derived. An oligonucleotide for use in nucleic acid amplification may have about 10 or fewer codons (e.g. 6, 7 or 8), i.e. be about 30 or fewer nucleotides in length (e.g. 18, 21 or 24). Generally specific primers are upwards of 14 nucleotides in length, but need not be than 18-20. Those skilled in the art are well versed in the design of primers for use processes such as PCR. Various techniques for synthesizing oligonucleotide primers are well known in the art, including phosphotriester and phosphodiester synthesis methods.

›BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES · 9 of 19

Preferred amino acid sequences suitable for use in the design of probes or PCR primers may include sequences conserved (completely, substantially or partly) encoding the motifs present in LRP5 (FIG. 5 ( d ) (SEQ ID NO:3)).

A further aspect of the present invention provides an oligonucleotide or polynucleotide fragment of the nucleotide sequence shown in any of the figures herein providing nucleic acid according to the present invention, or a complementary sequence, in particular for use in a method of obtaining and/or screening nucleic acid. Some preferred oligonucleotides have a sequence shown in Table 2 (SEQ ID NOS:49-54), Table 4 (SEQ ID NOS:83-317), Table 7 (SEQ ID NOS:240-317), Table 8 (SEQ ID NOS:318-333) or Table 9 (SEQ ID NOS:49-74, 334-402), or a sequence which differs from any of the sequences shown by addition, substitution, insertion or deletion of one or more nucleotides, but preferably without abolition of ability to hybridise selectively with nucleic acid in accordance with the present invention, that is wherein the degree of similarity of the oligonucleotide or polynucleotide with one of the sequences given is sufficiently high.

In some preferred embodiments, oligonucleotides according to the present invention that are fragments of any of the sequences shown, or any allele associated with IDDM or other disease susceptibility, are at least about 10 nucleotides in length, more preferably at least about 15 nucleotides in length, more preferably at least about 20 nucleotides in length. Such fragments themselves individually represent aspects of the present invention. Fragments and other oligonucleotides may be used as primers or probes as discussed but may also be generated (e.g. by PCR) in methods concerned with determining the presence in a test sample of a sequence indicative of IDDM or other disease susceptibility.

Methods involving use of nucleic acid in diagnostic and/or prognostic contexts, for instance in determining susceptibility to IDDM or other disease, and other methods concerned with determining the presence of sequences indicative of IDDM or other disease susceptibility are discussed below.

Further embodiments of oligonucleotides according to the present invention are anti-sense oligonucleotide sequences based on the nucleic acid sequences described herein. Anti-sense oligonucleotides may be designed to hybridise to the complementary sequence of nucleic acid, pre-mRNA or mature mRNA, interfering with the production of polypeptide encoded by a given DNA sequence (e.g. either native polypeptide or a mutant form thereof), so that its expression is reduce or prevented altogether. Anti-sense techniques may be used to target a coding sequence, a control sequence of a gene, e.g. in the 5′ flanking sequence, whereby the antisense oligonucleotides can interfere with control sequences. Anti-sense oligonucleotides may be DNA or RNA and may be of around 14-23 nucleotides, particularly around 15-18 nucleotides, in length. The construction of antisense sequences and their use is described in Peyman and Ulman, Chemical Reviews, 90:543-584, (1990), and Crooke, Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 32:329-376, (1992).

Nucleic acid according to the present invention may be used in methods of gene therapy, for instance in treatment of individuals with the aim of preventing or curing (wholly or partially) IDDM or other disease. This may ease one or more symptoms of the disease. This is discussed below.

Nucleic acid according to the present invention, such as a full-length coding sequence or oligonucleotide probe or primer, may be provided as part of a kit, e.g. in a suitable container such as a vial in which the contents are protected from the external environment. The kit may include instructions for use of the nucleic acid, e.g. in PCR and/or a method for determining the presence of nucleic acid of interest in a test sample. A kit wherein the nucleic acid is intended for use in PCR may include one or more other reagents required for the reaction, such as polymerase, nucleosides, buffer solution etc. The nucleic acid may be labelled. A kit for use in determining the presence or absence of nucleic acid of interest may include one or more articles and/or reagents for performance of the method, such as means for providing the test sample itself, e.g. a swab for removing cells from the buccal cavity or a syringe for removing a blood sample (such components generally being sterile).

According to a further aspect, the present invention provides a nucleic acid molecule including a LRP5 gene promoter.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a nucleic acid molecule including a promoter, the promoter including the sequence of nucleotides shown in FIG. 12 ( e ) (SEQ ID NO:30) or FIG. 15 ( b ) (SEQ ID NO:34). The promoter may comprise one or more fragments of the sequence shown in FIG. 12 ( e ) (SEQ ID NO:30) or FIG. 15 ( b ) (SEQ ID NO:34), sufficient to promote gene expression. The promoter may comprise or consist essentially of a sequence of nucleotides 5′ to the LRP5 gene in the human chromosome, or an equivalent sequence in another species, such as the mouse.

Any of the sequences disclosed in the figures herein may be used to construct a probe for use in identification and isolation of a promoter from a genomic library containing a genomic LRP5 gene. Techniques and conditions for such probing are well known in the art and are discussed elsewhere herein. To find minimal elements or motifs responsible for tissue and/or developmental regulation, restriction enzyme or nucleases may be used to digest a nucleic acid molecule, followed by an appropriate assay (for example using a reporter gene such as luciferase) to determine the sequence required. A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a nucleic acid isolate with the minimal nucleotide sequence shown in FIG. 12 ( e ) (SEQ ID NO:30) or FIG. 15 ( b ) (SEQ ID NO:34) required for promoter activity.

As noted, the promoter may comprise one or more sequence motifs or elements conferring developmental and/or tissue-specific regulatory control of expression. Other regulatory sequences may be included, for instance as identified by mutation or digest assay in an appropriate expression system or by sequence comparison with available information, e.g. using a computer to search on-line databases.

›BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES · 10 of 19

By “promoter” is meant a sequence of nucleotides from which transcription may be initiated of DNA operably linked downstream (i.e. in the 3′ direction on the sense strand of double-stranded DNA).

“Operably linked” means joined as part of the same nucleic acid molecule, suitably positioned and oriented for transcription to be initiated from the promoter. DNA operably linked to a promoter is “under transcriptional initiation regulation” of the promoter.

The present invention extends to a promoter which has a nucleotide sequence which is allele, mutant, variant or derivative, by way of nucleotide addition, insertion, substitution or deletion of a promoter sequence as provided herein. Preferred levels of sequence homology with a provided sequence may be analogous to those set out above for encoding nucleic acid and polypeptides according to the present invention. Systematic or random mutagenesis of nucleic acid to make an alteration to the nucleotide sequence may be performed using any technique known to those skilled in the art. One or more alterations to a promoter sequence according to the present invention may increase or decrease promoter activity, or increase or decrease the magnitude of the effect of a substance able to modulate the promoter activity.

“Promoter activity” is used to refer to ability to initiate transcription. The level of promoter activity is quantifiable for instance by assessment of the amount of mRNA produced by transcription from the promoter or by assessment of the amount of protein product produced by translation of mRNA produced by transcription from the promoter. The amount of a specific mRNA present in an expression system may be determined for example using specific oligonucleotides which are able to hybridise with the mRNA and which are labelled or may be used in a specific amplification reaction such as the polymerase chain reaction. Use of a reporter gene facilitates determination of promoter activity by reference to protein production.

Further provided by the present invention is a nucleic acid construct comprising a LRP5 promoter region or a fragment, mutant, allele, derivative or variant thereof able to promoter transcription, operably linked to a heterologous gene, e.g. a coding sequence. A “heterologous” or “exogenous” gene is generally not a modified form of LRP5. Generally, the gene may be transcribed into mRNA which may be translated into a peptide or polypeptide product which may be detected and preferably quantitated following expression. A gene whose encoded product may be assayed following expression is termed a “reporter gene”, i.e. a gene which “reports” on promoter activity.

The reporter gene preferably encodes an enzyme which catalyses a reaction which produces a detectable signal, preferably a visually detectable signal, such as a coloured product. Many examples are known, including β-galactosidase and luciferase. β-galactosidase activity may be assayed by production of blue colour on substrate, the assay being by eye or by use of a spectro-photometer to measure absorbance. Fluorescence, for example that produced as a result of luciferase activity, may be quantitated using a spectrophotometer. Radioactive assays may be used, for instance using chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, which may also be used in nonradioactive assays. The presence and/or amount of gene product resulting from expression from the reporter gene may be determined using a molecule able to bind the product, such as an antibody or fragment thereof. The binding molecule may be labelled directly or indirectly using any standard technique.

Those skilled in the art are well aware of a multitude of possible reporter genes and assay techniques which may be used to determine gene activity. Any suitable reporter/assay may be used and it should be appreciated that no particular choice is essential to or a limitation of the present invention.

Nucleic acid constructs comprising a promoter (as disclosed herein) and a heterologous gene (reporter) may be employed in screening for a substance able to modulate activity of the promoter. For therapeutic purposes, e.g. for treatment of IDDM or other disease, a substance able to up-regulate expression of the promoter may be sought. A method of screening for ability of a substance to modulate activity of a promoter may comprise contacting an expression system, such as a host cell, containing a nucleic acid construct as herein disclosed with a test or candidate substance and determining expression of the heterologous gene.

The level of expression in the presence of the test substance may be compared with the level of expression in the absence of the test substance. A difference in expression in the presence of the test substance indicates ability of the substance to modulate gene expression. An increase in expression of the heterologous gene compared with expression of another gene not linked to a promoter as disclosed herein indicates specificity of the substance for modulation of the promoter.

A promoter construct may be introduced into a cell line using any technique previously described to produce a stable cell line containing the reporter construct integrated into the genome. The cells may be grown and incubated with test compounds for varying times. The cells may be grown in 96 well plates to facilitate the analysis of large numbers of compounds. The cells may then be washed and the reporter gene expression analysed. For some reporters, such as luciferase the cells will be lysed then analysed.

Following identification of a substance which modulates or affects promoter activity, the substance may be investigated further. Furthermore, it may be manufactured and/or used in preparation, i.e. manufacture or formulation, of a composition such as a medicament, pharmaceutical composition or drug. These may be administered to individuals.

Thus, the present invention extends in various aspects not only to a substance identified using a nucleic acid molecule as a modulator of promoter activity, in accordance with what is disclosed herein, but also a pharmaceutical composition, medicament, drug or other composition comprising such a substance, a method comprising administration of such a composition to a patient, e.g. for increasing LRP5 expression for instance in treatment (which may include preventative treatment) of IDDM or other disease, use of such a substance in manufacture of a composition for administration, e.g. for increasing LRP5 expression for instance in treatment of IDDM or other disease, and a method of making a pharmaceutical composition comprising admixing such a substance with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, vehicle or carrier, and optionally other ingredients.

›BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES · 11 of 19

A further aspect of the present invention provides a polypeptide which has the amino acid sequence shown in FIG. 5 ( c ) (SEQ ID NO:3), which may be in isolated and/or purified form, free or substantially free of material with which it is naturally associated, such as other polypeptides or such as human polypeptides other than that for which the amino acid sequence is shown in FIG. 5 ( c ) (SEQ ID NO:3), or (for example if produced by expression in a prokaryotic cell) lacking in native glycosylation, e.g. unglycosylated. Further polypeptides according to the present invention have an amino acid sequence selected from that shown in the polypeptide shown in FIG. 11 ( c ) (SEQ ID NO:25), that shown in 12 ( d ), and the partial polypeptide shown in FIG. 16 ( d ) (SEQ ID NO:8).

Polypeptides which are amino acid sequence variants, alleles, derivatives or mutants are also provided by the present invention. A polypeptide which is a variant, allele, derivative or mutant may have an amino acid sequence which differs from that given in a figure herein by one or more of addition, substitution, deletion and insertion of one or more amino acids. Preferred such polypeptides have LRP5 function, that is to say have one or more of the following properties: immunological cross-reactivity with an antibody reactive the polypeptide for which the sequence is given in a figure herein; sharing an epitope with the polypeptide for which the amino acid sequence is shown in a figure herein (as determined for example by immunological cross-reactivity between the two polypeptides; a biological activity which is inhibited by an antibody raised against the polypeptide whose sequence is shown in a figure herein; ability to reduce serum triglyceride; ability to reduce serum cholesterol; ability to interact with and/or reduce serum levels of very low-density lipoprotein particles; ability to affect serum alkaline phosphatase levels. Alteration of sequence may change the nature and/or level of activity and/or stability of the LRP5 protein.

A polypeptide which is an amino acid sequence variant, allele, derivative or mutant of the amino acid sequence shown in a figure herein may comprise an amino acid sequence which shares greater than about 35% sequence identity with the sequence shown, greater than about 40%, greater than about 50%, greater than about 60%, greater than about 70%, greater than about 80%, greater than about 90% or greater than about 95%. The sequence may share greater than about 60% similarity, greater than about 70% similarity, greater than about 80% similarity or greater than about 90% similarity with the amino acid sequence shown in the relevant figure. Amino acid similarity is generally defined with reference to the algorithm GAP (Genetics Computer Group, Madison, Wis.) as noted above, or the TBLASTN program, of Altschul et al. (1990) J. Mol. Biol. 215: 403-10. Similarity allows for “conservative variation”, i.e. substitution of one hydrophobic residue such as isoleucine, valine, leucine or methionine for another, or the substitution of one polar residue for another, such as arginine for lysine, glutamic for aspartic acid, or glutamine for asparagine. Particular amino acid sequence variants may differ from that shown in a figure herein by insertion, addition, substitution or deletion of 1 amino acid, 2, 3, 4, 5-10, 10-20 20-30, 30-50, 50-100, 100-150, or more than 150 amino acids.

Sequence comparison may be made over the full-length of the relevant sequence shown herein, or may more preferably be over a contiguous sequence of about or greater than about 20, 25, 30, 33, 40, 50, 67, 133, 167, 200, 233, 267, 300, 333, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, or more amino acids or nucleotide triplets, compared with the relevant amino acid sequence or nucleotide sequence as the case may be.

The present invention also includes active portions, fragments, derivatives and functional mimetics of the polypeptides of the invention. An “active portion” of a polypeptide means a peptide which is less than said full length polypeptide, but which retains a biological activity, such as a biological activity selected from binding to ligand, involvement in endocytosis. Thus an active portion of the LRP5 polypeptide may, in one embodiment, include the transmembrane domain and the portion of the cytoplasmic tail involved in endocytosis. Such an active fragment may be included as part of a fusion protein, e.g. including a binding portion for a different ligand. In different embodiments, combinations of LDL and EGF motifs may be included in a molecule to confer on the molecule different binding specificities.

A “fragment” of a polypeptide generally means a stretch of amino acid residues of at least about five contiguous amino acids, often at least about seven contiguous amino acids, typically at least about nine contiguous amino acids, more preferably at least about 13 contiguous amino acids, and, more preferably, at least about 20 to 30 or more contiguous amino acids. Fragments of the LRP5 polypeptide sequence may include antigenic determinants or epitopes useful for raising antibodies to a portion of the amino acid sequence. Alanine scans are commonly used to find and refine peptide motifs within polypeptides, this involving the systematic replacement of each residue in turn with the amino acid alanine, followed by an assessment of biological activity.

Preferred fragments of LRP5 include those with any of the following amino acid sequences:

SYFHLFPPPPSPCTDSS (SEQ ID NO:403)

VDGRQNIKRAKDDGT (SEQ ID NO:404)

EVLFTTGLIRPVALVVDN (SEQ ID NO:405)

IQGHLDFVMDILVFHS, (SEQ ID NO:406)

which may be used for instance in raising or isolating antibodies. Variant and derivative peptides, peptides which have an amino acid sequence which differs from one of these sequences by way of addition, insertion, deletion or substitution of one or more amino acids are also provided by the present invention, generally with the proviso that the variant or derivative peptide is bound by an antibody or other specific binding member which binds one of the peptides whose sequence is shown. A peptide which is a variant or derivative of one of the shown peptides may compete with the shown peptide for binding to a specific binding member, such as an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof.

›BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES · 12 of 19

A “derivative” of a polypeptide or a fragment thereof may include a polypeptide modified by varying the amino acid sequence of the protein, e.g. by manipulation of the nucleic acid encoding the protein or by altering the protein itself. Such derivatives of the natural amino acid sequence may involve one or more of insertion, addition, deletion or substitution of one or more amino acids, which may be without fundamentally altering the qualitative nature of biological activity of the wild type polypeptide. Also encompassed within the scope of the present invention are functional mimetics of active fragments of the LRP5 polypeptides provided (including alleles, mutants, derivatives and variants). The term “functional mimetic” means a substance which may not contain an active portion of the relevant amino acid sequence, and probably is not a peptide at all, but which retains in qualitative terms biological activity of natural LRP5 polypeptide. The design and screening of candidate mimetics is described in detail below.

Sequences of amino acid sequence variants representative of preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in Table 5 and Table 6. Screening for the presence of one or more of these in a test sample has a diagnostic and/or prognostic use, for instance in determining IDDM or other disease susceptibility, as discussed below.

Other fragments of the polypeptides for which sequence information is provided herein are provided as aspects of the present invention, for instance corresponding to functional domains. One such functional domain is the putative extracellular domain, such that a polypeptide fragment according to the present invention may include the extracellular domain of the polypeptide of which the amino acid sequence is shown in FIG. 5 ( e ) (SEQ ID NO:4) or FIG. 5 ( c ) (SEQ ID NO:3). This runs to amino acid 1385 of the precursor sequence of FIG. 5 ( c ) (SEQ ID NO:3). Another useful LRP5 domain is the cytoplasmic domain, 207 amino acids shown in FIG. 5 ( d ) (SEQ ID NO:3). This may be used in targeting proteins to move through the endocytotic pathway.

A polypeptide according to the present invention may be isolated and/or purified (e.g. using an antibody) for instance after production by expression from encoding nucleic acid (for which see below). Thus, a polypeptide may be provided free or substantially free from contaminants with which it is naturally associated (if it is a naturally-occurring polypeptide). A polypeptide may be provided free or substantially free of other polypeptides. Polypeptides according to the present invention may be generated wholly or partly by chemical synthesis. The isolated and/or purified polypeptide may be used in formulation of a composition, which may include at least one additional component, for example a pharmaceutical composition including a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, vehicle or carrier. A composition including a polypeptide according to the invention may be used in prophylactic and/or therapeutic treatment as discussed below.

A polypeptide, peptide fragment, allele, mutant, derivative or variant according to the present invention may be used as an immunogen or otherwise in obtaining specific antibodies. Antibodies are useful in purification and other manipulation of polypeptides and peptides, diagnostic screening and therapeutic contexts. This is discussed further below.

A polypeptide according to the present invention may be used in screening for molecules which affect or modulate its activity or function, e.g. binding to ligand, involvement in endocytosis, movement from an intracellular compartment to the cell surface, movement from the cell surface to an intracellular compartment. Such molecules may interact with the ligand binding portion of LRP5, the cytoplasmic portion of LRP5, or with one or more accessory molecules e.g. involved in movement of vesicles containing LRP5 to and from the cell surface, and may be useful in a therapeutic (possibly including prophylactic)-context.

It is well known that pharmaceutical research leading to the identification of a new drug may involve the screening of very large numbers of candidate substances, both before and even after a lead compound has been found. This is one factor which makes pharmaceutical research very expensive and time-consuming. Means for assisting in the screening process can have considerable commercial importance and utility. Such means for screening for substances potentially useful in treating or preventing IDDM or other disease is provided by polypeptides according to the present invention. Substances identified as modulators of the polypeptide represent an advance in the fight against IDDM and other diseases since they provide basis for design and investigation of therapeutics for in vivo use. Furthermore, they may be useful in any of a number of conditions, including autoimmune diseases, such as glomerulonephritis, diseases and disorders involving disruption of endocytosis and/or antigen presentation, diseases and disorders involving cytokine clearance and/or inflammation, viral infection, pathogenic bacterial toxin contamination, elevation of free fatty acids or hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, and Alzheimer's disease, given the functional indications for LRP5, discussed elsewhere herein. As noted elsewhere, LRP5, fragments thereof, and nucleic acid according to the invention may also be useful in combatting any of these diseases and disorders.

A method of screening for a substance which modulates activity of a polypeptide may include contacting one or more test substances with the polypeptide in a suitable reaction medium, testing the activity of the treated polypeptide and comparing that activity with the activity of the polypeptide in comparable reaction medium untreated with the test substance or substances. A difference in activity between the treated and untreated polypeptides is indicative of a modulating effect of the relevant test substance or substances.

›BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES · 13 of 19

Combinatorial library technology (Schultz, J S (1996) Biotechnol. Prog. 12:729-743) provides an efficient way of testing a potentially vast number of different substances for ability to modulate activity of a polypeptide. Prior to or as well as being screened for modulation of activity, test substances may be screened for ability to interact with the polypeptide, e.g. in a yeast two-hybrid system (which requires that both the polypeptide and the test substance can be expressed in yeast from encoding nucleic acid). This may be used as a coarse screen prior to testing a substance for actual ability to modulate activity of the polypeptide.

Following identification of a substance which modulates or affects polypeptide activity, the substance may be investigated further. Furthermore, it may be manufactured and/or used in preparation, i.e. manufacture or formulation, of a composition such as a medicament, pharmaceutical composition or drug. These may be administered to individuals.

Thus, the present invention extends in various aspects not only to a substance identified as a modulator of polypeptide activity, in accordance with what is disclosed herein, but also a pharmaceutical composition, medicament, drug or other composition comprising such a substance, a method comprising administration of such a composition to a patient, e.g. for treatment (which may include preventative treatment) of IDDM or other disease, use of such a substance in manufacture of a composition for administration, e.g. for treatment of IDDM or other disease, and a method of making a pharmaceutical composition comprising admixing such a substance with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, vehicle or carrier, and optionally other ingredients.

A substance identified using as a modulator of polypeptide or promoter function may be peptide or non-peptide in nature. Non-peptide “small molecules” are often preferred for many in vivo pharmaceutical uses. Accordingly, a mimetic or mimick of the substance (particularly if a peptide) may be designed for pharmaceutical use. The designing of mimetics to a known pharmaceutically active compound is a known approach to the development of pharmaceuticals based on a “lead” compound. This might be desirable where the active compound is difficult or expensive to synthesise or where it is unsuitable for a particular method of administration, e.g. peptides are not well suited as active agents for oral compositions as they tend to be quickly degraded by proteases in the alimentary canal. Mimetic design, synthesis and testing may be used to avoid randomly screening large number of molecules for a target property.

There are several steps commonly taken in the design of a mimetic from a compound having a given target property. Firstly, the particular parts of the compound that are critical and/or important in determining the target property are determined. In the case of a peptide, this can be done by systematically varying the amino acid residues in the peptide, e.g. by substituting each residue in turn. These parts or residues constituting the active region of the compound are known as its “pharmacophore”.

Once the pharmacophore has been found, its structure is modelled to according its physical properties, e.g. stereochemistry, bonding, size and/or charge, using data from a range of sources, e.g. spectroscopic techniques, X-ray diffraction data and NMR. Computational analysis, similarity mapping (which models the charge and/or volume of a pharmacophore, rather than the bonding between atoms) and other techniques can be used in this modelling process.

In a variant of this approach, the three-dimensional structure of the ligand and its binding partner are modelled. This can be especially useful where the ligand and/or binding partner change conformation on binding, allowing the model to take account of this the design of the mimetic.

A template molecule is then selected onto which chemical groups which mimic the pharmacophore can be grafted. The template molecule and the chemical groups grafted on to it can conveniently be selected so that the mimetic is easy to synthesise, is likely to be pharmacologically acceptable, and does not degrade in vivo, while retaining the biological activity of the lead compound. The mimetic or mimetics found by this approach can then be screened to see whether they have the target property, or to what extent they exhibit it. Further optimisation or modification can then be carried out to arrive at one or more final mimetics for in vivo or clinical testing.

Mimetics of substances identified as having ability to modulate LRP5 polypeptide or promoter activity using a screening method as disclosed herein are included within the scope of the present invention. A polypeptide, peptide or substance able to modulate activity of a polypeptide according to the present invention may be provided in a kit, e.g. sealed in a suitable container which protects its contents from the external environment. Such a kit may include instructions for use.

A convenient way of producing a polypeptide according to the present invention is to express nucleic acid encoding it, by use of the nucleic acid in an expression system. Accordingly, the present invention also encompasses a method of making a polypeptide (as disclosed), the method including expression from nucleic acid encoding the polypeptide (generally nucleic acid according to the invention). This may conveniently be achieved by growing a host cell in culture, containing such a vector, under appropriate conditions which cause or allow expression of the polypeptide. Polypeptides may also be expressed in in vitro systems, such as reticulocyte lysate.

Systems for cloning and expression of a polypeptide in a variety of different host cells are well known. Suitable host cells include bacteria, eukaryotic cells such as mammalian and yeast, and baculovirus systems. Mammalian cell lines available in the art for expression of a heterologous polypeptide include Chinese hamster ovary cells, HeLa cells, baby hamster kidney cells, COS cells and many others. A common, preferred bacterial host is E. coli. Suitable vectors can be chosen or constructed, containing appropriate regulatory sequences, including promoter sequences, terminator fragments, polyadenylation sequences, enhancer sequences, marker genes and other sequences as appropriate. Vectors may be plasmids, viral e.g. ′phage, or phagemid, as appropriate. For further details see, for example, Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual: 2nd edition, Sambrook et al., 1989, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. Many known techniques and protocols for manipulation of nucleic acid, for example in preparation of nucleic acid constructs, mutagenesis, sequencing, introduction of DNA into cells and gene expression, and analysis of proteins, are described in detail in Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Ausubel et al. eds., John Wiley & Sons, 1992.

›BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES · 14 of 19

Thus, a further aspect of the present invention provides a host cell containing nucleic acid as disclosed herein. The nucleic acid of the invention may be integrated into the genome (e.g. chromosome) of the host cell. Integration may be promoted by inclusion of sequences which promote recombination with the genome, in accordance with standard techniques. The nucleic acid may be on an extra-chromosomal vector within the cell.

A still further aspect provides a method which includes introducing the nucleic acid into a host cell. The introduction, which may (particularly for in vitro introduction) be generally referred to without limitation as “transformation”, may employ any available technique. For eukaryotic cells, suitable techniques may include calcium phosphate transfection, DEAE-Dextran, electroporation, liposome-mediated transfection and transduction using retrovirus or other virus, e.g. vaccinia or, for insect cells, baculovirus. For bacterial cells, suitable techniques may include calcium chloride transformation, electroporation and transfection using bacteriophage.

Marker genes such as antibiotic resistance or sensitivity genes may be used in identifying clones containing nucleic acid of interest, as is well known in the art.

The introduction may be followed by causing or allowing expression from the nucleic acid, e.g. by culturing host cells (which may include cells actually transformed although more likely the cells will be descendants of the transformed cells) under conditions for expression of the gene, so that the encoded polypeptide is produced. If the polypeptide is expressed coupled to an appropriate signal leader peptide it may be secreted from the cell into the culture medium. Following production by expression, a polypeptide may be isolated and/or purified from the host cell and/or culture medium, as the case may be, and subsequently used as desired, e.g. in the formulation of a composition which may include one or more additional components, such as a pharmaceutical composition which includes one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, vehicles or carriers (e.g. see below).

Introduction of nucleic acid may take place in vivo by way of gene therapy, as discussed below. A host cell containing nucleic acid according to the present invention, e.g. as a result of introduction of the nucleic acid into the cell or into an ancestor of the cell and/or genetic alteration of the sequence endogenous to the cell or ancestor (which introduction or alteration may take place in vivo or ex vivo), may be comprised (e.g. in the soma) within an organism which is an animal, particularly a mammal, which may be human or non-human, such as rabbit, guinea pig, rat, mouse or other rodent, cat, dog, pig, sheep, goat, cattle or horse, or which is a bird, such as a chicken. Genetically modified or transgenic animals or birds comprising such a cell are also provided as further aspects of the present invention.

Thus, in various further aspects, the present invention provides a non-human animal with a human LRP5 transgene within its genome. The transgene may have the sequence of any of the isoforms identified herein or a mutant, derivative, allele or variant thereof as disclosed. In one preferred embodiment, the heterologous human LRP5 sequence replaces the endogenous animal sequence. In other preferred embodiments, one or more copies of the human LRP5 sequence are added to the animal genome.

Preferably the animal is a rodent, and most preferably mouse or rat.

This may have a therapeutic aim. (Gene therapy is discussed below.) The presence of a mutant, allele or variant sequence within cells of an organism, particularly when in place of a homologous endogenous sequence, may allow the organism to be used as a model in testing and/or studying the role of the LRP5 gene or substances which modulate activity of the encoded polypeptide and/or promoter in vitro or are otherwise indicated to be of therapeutic potential.

An animal model for LRP5 deficiency may be constructed using standard techniques for introducing mutations into an animal germ-line. In one example of this approach, using a mouse, a vector carrying an insertional mutation within the LRP5 gene may be transfected into embryonic stem cells. A selectable marker, for example an antibiotic resistance gene such as neoR, may be included to facilitate selection of clones in which the mutant gene has replaced the endogenous wild type homologue. Such clones may be also be identified or further investigated by Southern blot hybridisation. The clones may then be expanded and cells injected into mouse blastocyst stage embryos. Mice in which the injected cells have contributed to the development of the mouse may be identified by Southern blotting. These chimeric mice may then be bred to produce mice which carry one copy of the mutation in the germ line. These heterozygous mutant animals may then be bred to produce mice carrying mutations in the gene homozygously. The mice having a heterozygous mutation in the LRP5 gene may be a suitable model for human individuals having one copy of the gene mutated in the germ line who are at risk of developing IDDM or other disease.

Animal models may also be useful for any of the various diseases discussed elsewhere herein.

Instead of or as well as being used for the production of a polypeptide encoded by a transgene, host cells may be used as a nucleic acid factory to replicate the nucleic acid of interest in order to generate large amounts of it. Multiple copies of nucleic acid of interest may be made within a cell when coupled to an amplifiable gene such as dihyrofolate reductase (DHFR), as is well known. Host cells transformed with nucleic acid of interest, or which are descended from host cells into which nucleic acid was introduced, may be cultured under suitable conditions, e.g. in a fermentor, taken from the culture and subjected to processing to purifiy the nucleic acid. Following purification, the nucleic acid or one or more fragments thereof may be used as desired, for instance in a diagnostic or prognostic assay as discussed elsewhere herein.

›BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES · 15 of 19

The provision of the novel LRP-5 polypeptide isoforms and mutants, alleles, variants and derivatives enables for the first time the production of antibodies able to bind these molecules specifically.

Accordingly, a further aspect of the present invention provides an antibody able to bind specifically to the polypeptide whose sequence is given in a figure herein. Such an antibody may be specific in the sense of being able to distinguish between the polypeptide it is able to bind and other human polypeptides for which it has no or substantially no binding affinity (e.g. a binding affinity of about 1000× less). Specific antibodies bind an epitope on the molecule which is either not present or is not accessible on other molecules. Antibodies according to the present invention may be specific for the wild-type polypeptide. Antibodies according to the invention may be specific for a particular mutant, variant, allele or derivative polypeptide as between that molecule and the wild-type polypeptide, so as to be useful in diagnostic and prognostic methods as discussed below. Antibodies are also useful in purifying the polypeptide or polypeptides to which they bind, e.g. following production by recombinant expression from encoding nucleic acid.

Preferred antibodies according to the invention are isolated, in the sense of being free from contaminants such as antibodies able to bind other polypeptides and/or free of serum components. Monoclonal antibodies are preferred for some purposes, though polyclonal antibodies are within the scope of the present invention.

Antibodies may be obtained using techniques which are standard in the art. Methods of producing antibodies include immunising a mammal (e.g. mouse, rat, rabbit, horse, goat, sheep or monkey) with the protein or a fragment thereof. Antibodies may be obtained from immunised animals using any of a variety of techniques known in the art, and screened, preferably using binding of antibody to antigen of interest. For instance, Western blotting techniques or immunoprecipitation may be used (Armitage et al., 1992, Nature 357: 80-82). Isolation of antibodies and/or antibody-producing cells from an animal may be accompanied by a step of sacrificing the animal.

As an alternative or supplement to immunising a mammal with a peptide, an antibody specific for a protein may be obtained from a recombinantly produced library of expressed immunoglobulin variable domains, e.g. using lambda bacteriophage or filamentous bacteriophage which display functional immunoglobulin binding domains on their surfaces; for instance see WO92/01047. The library may be naive, that is constructed from sequences obtained from an organism which has not been immunised with any of the proteins (or fragments), or may be one constructed using sequences obtained from an organism which has been exposed to the antigen of interest.

Suitable peptides for use in immunising an animal and/or isolating anti-LRP5 antibody include any of the following amino acid sequences:

SYFHLFPPPPSPCTDSS (SEQ ID NO:403)

VDGRQNIKRAKDDGT (SEQ ID NO:404)

EVLFTTGLIRPVALVVDN (SEQ ID NO:405)

IQGHLDFVMDILVFHS. (SEQ ID NO:406)

Antibodies according to the present invention may be modified in a number of ways. Indeed the term “antibody” should be construed as covering any binding substance having a binding domain with the required specificity. Thus the invention covers antibody fragments, derivatives, functional equivalents and homologues of antibodies, including synthetic molecules and molecules whose shape mimicks that of an antibody enabling it to bind an antigen or epitope.

Example antibody fragments, capable of binding an antigen or other binding partner are the Fab fragment consisting of the VL, VH, Cl and CH1 domains; the Fd fragment consisting of the VH and CH1 domains; the Fv fragment consisting of the VL and VH domains of a single arm of an antibody; the dAb fragment which consists of a VH domain; isolated CDR regions and F(ab′)2 fragments, a bivalent fragment including two Fab fragments linked by a disulphide bridge at the hinge region. Single chain Fv fragments are also included.

A hybridoma producing a monoclonal antibody according to the present invention may be subject to genetic mutation or other changes. It will further be understood by those skilled in the art that a monoclonal antibody can be subjected to the techniques of recombinant DNA technology to produce other antibodies or chimeric molecules which retain the specificity of the original antibody. Such techniques may involve introducing DNA encoding the immunoglobulin variable region, or the complementarity determining regions (CDRs), of an antibody to the constant regions, or constant regions plus framework regions, of a different immunoglobulin. See, for instance, EP184187A, GB 2188638A or EP-A-0239400. Cloning and expression of chimeric antibodies are described in EP-A-0120694 and EP-A-0125023.

Hybridomas capable of producing antibody with desired binding characteristics are within the scope of the present invention, as are host cells, eukaryotic or prokaryotic, containing nucleic acid encoding antibodies (including antibody fragments) and capable of their expression. The invention also provides methods of production of the antibodies including growing a cell capable of producing the antibody under conditions in which the antibody is produced, and preferably secreted.

The reactivities of antibodies on a sample may be determined by any appropriate means. Tagging with individual reporter molecules is one possibility. The reporter molecules may directly or indirectly generate detectable, and preferably measurable, signals. The linkage of reporter molecules may be directly or indirectly, covalently, e.g. via a peptide bond or non-covalently. Linkage via a peptide bond may be as a result of recombinant expression of a gene fusion encoding antibody and reporter molecule.

One favoured mode is by covalent linkage of each antibody with an individual fluorochrome, phosphor or laser dye with spectrally isolated absorption or emission characteristics. Suitable fluorochromes include fluorescein, rhodamine, phycoerythrin and Texas Red. Suitable chromogenic dyes include diaminobenzidine.

›BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES · 16 of 19

Other reporters include macromolecular colloidal particles or particulate material such as latex beads that are coloured, magnetic or paramagnetic, and biologically or chemically active agents that can directly or indirectly cause detectable signals to be visually observed, electronically detected or otherwise recorded. These molecules may be enzymes which catalyse reactions that develop or change colours or cause changes in electrical properties, for example. They may be molecularly excitable, such that electronic transitions between energy states result in characteristic spectral absorptions or emissions. They may include chemical entities used in conjunction with biosensors. Biotin/avidin or biotin/streptavidin and alkaline phosphatase detection systems may be employed.

The mode of determining binding is not a feature of the present invention and those skilled in the art are able to choose a suitable mode according to their preference and general knowledge. Particular embodiments of antibodies according to the present invention include antibodies able to bind and/or which bind specifically, e.g. with an affinity of at least 10 −7 M, to one of the following peptides:

SYFHLFPPPPSPCTDSS (SEQ ID NO:403)

VDGRQNIKRAKDDGT (SEQ ID NO:404)

EVLFTTGLIRPVALVVDN (SEQ ID NO:405)

IQGHLDFVMDILVFHS. (SEQ ID NO:406)

Antibodies according to the present invention may be used in screening for the presence of a polypeptide, for example in a test sample containing cells or cell lysate as discussed, and may be used in purifying and/or isolating a polypeptide according to the present invention, for instance following production of the polypeptide by expression from encoding nucleic acid therefor. Antibodies may modulate the activity of the polypeptide to which they bind and so, if that polypeptide has a deleterious effect in an individual, may be useful in a therapeutic context (which may include prophylaxis).

An antibody may be provided in a kit, which may include instructions for use of the antibody, e.g. in determining the presence of a particular substance in a test sample. One or more other reagents may be included, such as labelling molecules, buffer solutions, elutants and so on. Reagents may be provided within containers which protect them from the external environment, such as a sealed vial.

The identification of the LRP5 gene and indications of its association with IDDM and other diseases paves the way for aspects of the present invention to provide the use of materials and methods, such as are disclosed and discussed above, for establishing the presence or absence in a test sample of an variant form of the gene, in particular an allele or variant specifically associated with IDDM or other disease. This may be for diagnosing a predisposition of an individual to IDDM or other disease. It may be for diagnosing IDDM of a patient with the disease as being associated with the IDDM4 gene.

This allows for planning of appropriate therapeutic and/or prophylactic treatment, permitting stream-lining of treatment by targeting those most likely to benefit.

A variant form of the gene may contain one or more insertions, deletions, substitutions and/or additions of one or more nucleotides compared with the wild-type sequence (such as shown in Table 5 or Table 6) which may or may not disrupt the gene function. Differences at the nucleic acid level are not necessarily reflected by a difference in the amino acid sequence of the encoded polypeptide. However, a mutation or other difference in a gene may result in a frame-shift or stop codon, which could seriously affect the nature of the polypeptide produced (if any), or a point mutation or gross mutational change to the encoded polypeptide, including insertion, deletion, substitution and/or addition of one or more amino acids or regions in the polypeptide. A mutation in a promoter sequence or other regulatory region may prevent or reduce expression from the gene or affect the processing or stability of the mRNA transcript. For instance, a sequence alteration may affect alternative splicing of mRNA. As discussed, various LRP5 isoforms resulting from alternative splicing are provided by the present invention.

There are various methods for determining the presence or absence in a test sample of a particular nucleic acid sequence, such as the sequence shown in any figure herein, or a mutant, variant or allele thereof, e.g. including an alteration shown in Table 5 or Table 6.

Tests may be carried out on preparations containing genomic DNA, cDNA and/or mRNA. Testing cDNA or mRNA has the advantage of the complexity of the nucleic acid being reduced by the absence of intron sequences, but the possible disadvantage of extra time and effort being required in making the preparations. RNA is more difficult to manipulate than DNA because of the wide-spread occurrence of RN'ases. Nucleic acid in a test sample may be sequenced and the sequence compared with the sequence shown in any of the figures herein, to determine whether or not a difference is present. If so, the difference can be compared with known susceptibility alleles (e.g. as shown in Table 5 or Table 6) to determine whether the test nucleic acid contains one or more of the variations indicated, or the difference can be investigated for association with IDDM or other disease.

Since it will not generally be time- or labour-efficient to sequence all nucleic acid in a test sample or even the whole LRP5 gene, a specific amplification reaction such as PCR using one or more pairs of primers may be employed to amplify the region of interest in the nucleic acid, for instance the LRP5 gene or a particular region in which polymorphisms associated with IDDM or other disease susceptibility occur. The amplified nucleic acid may then be sequenced as above, and/or tested in any other way to determine the presence or absence of a particular feature. Nucleic acid for testing may be prepared from nucleic acid removed from cells or in a library using a variety of other techniques such as restriction enzyme digest and electrophoresis.

›BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES · 17 of 19

Nucleic acid may be screened using a variant- or allele-specific probe. Such a probe corresponds in sequence to a region of the LRP5 gene, or its complement, containing a sequence alteration known to be associated with IDDM or other disease susceptibility. Under suitably stringent conditions, specific hybridisation of such a probe to test nucleic acid is indicative of the presence of the sequence alteration in the test nucleic acid. For efficient screening purposes, more than one probe may be used on the same test sample.

Allele- or variant-specific oligonucleotides may similarly be used in PCR to specifically amplify particular sequences if present in a test sample. Assessment of whether a PCR band contains a gene variant may be carried out in a number of ways familiar to those skilled in the art. The PCR product may for instance be treated in a way that enables one to display the polymorphism on a denaturing polyacrylamide DNA sequencing gel, with specific bands that are linked to the gene variants being selected.

SSCP heteroduplex analysis may be used for screening DNA fragments for sequence variants/mutations. It generally involves amplifying radiolabelled 100-300 bp fragments of the gene, diluting these products and denaturing at 95° C. The fragments are quick-cooled on ice so that the DNA remains in single stranded form. These single stranded fragments are run through acrylamide based gels. Differences in the sequence composition will cause the single stranded molecules to adopt difference conformations in this gel matrix making their mobility different from wild type fragments, thus allowing detecting of mutations in the fragments being analysed relative to a control fragment upon exposure of the gel to X-ray film. Fragments with altered mobility/conformations may be directly excised from the gel and directly sequenced for mutation.

Sequencing of a PCR product may involve precipitation with isopropanol, resuspension and sequencing using a TaqFS+Dye terminator sequencing kit. Extension products may be electrophoresed on an ABI 377 DNA sequencer and data analysed using Sequence Navigator software.

A further possible screening approach employs a PTT assay in which fragments are amplified with primers that contain the consensus Kozak initiation sequences and a T7 RNA polymerase promoter. These extra sequences are incorporated into the 5′ primer such that they are in frame with the native coding sequence of the fragment being analysed. These PCR products are introduced into a coupled transcription/translation system. This reaction allows the production of RNA from the fragment and translation of this RNA into a protein fragment. PCR products from controls make a protein product of a wild type size relative to the size of the fragment being analysed. If the PCR product analysed has a frame-shift or nonsense mutation, the assay will yield a truncated protein product relative to controls. The size of the truncated product is related to the position of the mutation, and the relative region of the gene from this patient may be sequenced to identify the truncating mutation.

An alternative or supplement to looking for the presence of variant sequences in a test sample is to look for the presence of the normal sequence, e.g. using a suitably specific oligonucleotide probe or primer. Use of oligonucleotide probes and primers has been discussed in more detail above.

Allele- or variant-specific oligonucleotide probes or primers according to embodiments of the present invention may be selected from those shown in Table 4 (SEQ ID NOS:83-317), Table 7 (SEQ ID NOS:240-317) or Table 8 (SEQ ID NOS:318-333).

Approaches which rely on hybridisation between a probe and test nucleic acid and subsequent detection of a mismatch may be employed. Under appropriate conditions (temperature, pH etc.), an oligonucleotide probe will hybridise with a sequence which is not entirely complementary. The degree of base-pairing between the two molecules will be sufficient for them to anneal despite a mis-match. Various approaches are well known in the art for detecting the presence of a mis-match between two annealing nucleic acid molecules.

For instance, RN'ase A cleaves at the site of a mis-match. Cleavage can be detected by electrophoresing test nucleic acid to which the relevant probe or probe has annealed and looking for smaller molecules (i.e. molecules with higher electrophoretic mobility) than the full length probe/test hybrid.

Thus, an oligonucleotide probe that has the sequence of a region of the normal LRP5 gene (either sense or anti-sense strand) in which mutations associated with IDDM or other disease susceptibility are known to occur (e.g. see Table 5 and Table 6) may be annealed to test nucleic acid and the presence or absence of a mis-match determined. Detection of the presence of a mis-match may indicate the presence in the test nucleic acid of a mutation associated with IDDM or other disease susceptibility. On the other hand, an oligonucleotide probe that has the sequence of a region of the gene including a mutation associated with IDDM or other disease susceptibility may be annealed to test nucleic acid and the presence or absence of a mis-match determined. The presence of a mis-match may indicate that the nucleic acid in the test sample has the normal sequence (the absence of a mis-match indicating that the test nucleic acid has the mutation). In either case, a battery of probes to different regions of the gene may be employed.

The presence of differences in sequence of nucleic acid molecules may be detected by means of restriction enzyme digestion, such as in a method of DNA fingerprinting where the restriction pattern produced when one or more restriction enzymes are used to cut a sample of nucleic acid is compared with the pattern obtained when a sample containing the normal gene shown in a figure herein or a variant or allele, e.g. as containing an alteration shown in Table 5 or Table 6 is digested with the same enzyme or enzymes.

›BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES · 18 of 19

The presence or absence of a lesion in a promoter or other regulatory sequence may also be assessed by determining the level of mRNA production by transcription or the level of polypeptide production by translation from the mRNA. Determination of promoter activity has been discussed above.

A test sample of nucleic acid may be provided for example by extracting nucleic acid from cells or biological tissues or fluids, urine, saliva, faeces, a buccal swab, biopsy or preferably blood, or for pre-natal testing from the amnion, placenta or foetus itself.

There are various methods for determining the presence or absence in a test sample of a particular polypeptide, such as the polypeptide with the amino acid sequence shown in any figure herein or an amino acid sequence mutant, variant or allele thereof.

A sample may be tested for the presence of a binding partner for a specific binding member such as an antibody (or mixture of antibodies), specific for one or more particular variants of the polypeptide shown in a figure herein. A sample may be tested for the presence of a binding partner for a specific binding member such as an antibody (or mixture of antibodies), specific for the polypeptide shown in a figure herein. In such cases, the sample may be tested by being contacted with a specific binding member such as an antibody under appropriate conditions for specific binding, before binding is determined, for instance using a reporter system as discussed. Where a panel of antibodies is used, different reporting labels may be employed for each antibody so that binding of each can be determined.

A specific binding member such as an antibody may be used to isolate and/or purify its binding partner polypeptide from a test sample, to allow for sequence and/or biochemical analysis of the polypeptide to determine whether it has the sequence and/or properties of the polypeptide whose sequence is disclosed herein, or if it is a mutant or variant form. Amino acid sequence is routine in the art using automated sequencing machines.

A test sample containing one or more polypeptides may be provided for example as a crude or partially purified cell or cell lysate preparation, e.g. using tissues or cells, such as from saliva, faeces, or preferably blood, or for pre-natal testing from the amnion, placenta or foetus itself.

Whether it is a polypeptide, antibody, peptide, nucleic acid molecule, small molecule or other pharmaceutically useful compound according to the present invention that is to be given to an individual, administration is preferably in a “prophylactically effective amount” or a “therapeutically effective amount” (as the case may be, although prophylaxis may be considered therapy), this being sufficient to show benefit to the individual. The actual amount administered, and rate and time-course of administration, will depend on the nature and severity of what is being treated. Prescription of treatment, e.g. decisions on dosage etc, is within the responsibility of general practioners and other medical doctors.

A composition may be administered alone or in combination with other treatments, either simultaneously or sequentially dependent upon the condition to be treated.

Pharmaceutical compositions according to the present invention, and for use in accordance with the present invention, may include, in addition to active ingredient, a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, carrier, buffer, stabiliser or other materials well known to those skilled in the art. Such materials should be non-toxic and should not interfere with the efficacy of the active ingredient. The precise nature of the carrier or other material will depend on the route of administration, which may be oral, or by injection, e.g. cutaneous, subcutaneous or intravenous.

Pharmaceutical compositions for oral administration may be in tablet, capsule, powder or liquid form. A tablet may include a solid carrier such as gelatin or an adjuvant. Liquid pharmaceutical compositions generally include a liquid carrier such as water, petroleum, animal or vegetable oils, mineral oil or synthetic oil. Physiological saline solution, dextrose or other saccharide solution or glycols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or polyethylene glycol may be included.

For intravenous, cutaneous or subcutaneous injection, or injection at the site of affliction, the active ingredient will be in the form of a parenterally acceptable aqueous solution which is pyrogen-free and has suitable pH, isotonicity and stability. Those of relevant skill in the art are well able to prepare suitable solutions using, for example, isotonic vehicles such as Sodium Chloride Injection, Ringer's Injection, or Lactated Ringer's Injection. Preservatives, stabilisers, buffers, antioxidants and/or other additives may be included, as required.

Targeting therapies may be used to deliver the active agent more specifically to certain types of cell, by the use of targeting systems such as antibody or cell specific ligands. Targeting may be desirable for a variety of reasons; for example if the agent is unacceptably toxic, or if it would otherwise require too high a dosage, or if it would not otherwise be able to enter the target cells.

Instead of administering an agent directly, it may be be produced in target cells by expression from an encoding gene introduced into the cells, e.g. in a viral vector (see below). The vector may be targeted to the specific cells to be treated, or it may contain regulatory elements which are switched on more or less selectively by the target cells Viral vectors may be targeted using specific binding molecules, such as a sugar, glycolipid or protein such as an antibody or binding fragment thereof. Nucleic acid may be targeted by means of linkage to a protein ligand (such as an antibody or binding fragment thereof) via polylysine, with the ligand being specific for a receptor present on the surface of the target cells.

An agent may be administered in a precursor form, for conversion to an active form by an activating agent produced in, or targeted to, the cells to be treated. This type of approach is sometimes known as ADEPT or VDEPT; the former involving targeting the activating agent to the cells by conjugation to a cell-specific antibody, while the latter involves producing the activating agent, e.g. an enzyme, in a vector by expression from encoding DNA in a viral vector (see for example, EP-A-415731 and WO 90/07936).

›BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES · 19 of 19

Nucleic acid according to the present invention, e.g. encoding the authentic biologically active LRP-5 polypeptide or a functional fragment thereof, may be used in a method of gene therapy, to treat a patient who is unable to synthesize the active polypeptide or unable to synthesize it at the normal level, thereby providing the effect provided by the wild-type with the aim of treating and/or preventing one or more symptoms of IDDM and/or one or more other diseases.

Vectors such as viral vectors have been used to introduce genes into a wide variety of different target cells. Typically the vectors are exposed to the target cells so that transfection can take place in a sufficient proportion of the cells to provide a useful therapeutic or prophylactic effect from the expression of the desired polypeptide. The transfected nucleic acid may be permanently incorporated into the genome of each of the targeted cells, providing long lasting effect, or alternatively the treatment may have to be repeated periodically.

A variety of vectors, both viral vectors and plasmid vectors, are known in the art, see e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 5,252,479 and WO 93/07282. In particular, a number of viruses have been used as gene transfer vectors, including adenovirus, papovaviruses, such as SV40, vaccinia virus, herpesviruses, including HSV and EBV, and retroviruses, including gibbon ape leukaemia virus, Rous Sarcoma Virus, Venezualian equine enchephalitis virus, Moloney murine leukaemia virus and murine mammary tumourvirus. Many gene therapy protocols in the prior art have used disabled murine retroviruses.

Disabled virus vectors are produced in helper cell lines. in which genes required for production of infectious viral particles are expressed. Helper cell lines are generally missing a sequence which is recognised by the mechanism which packages the viral genome and produce virions which contain no nucleic acid. A viral vector which contains an intact packaging signal along with the gene or other sequence to be delivered (e.g. encoding the LRP5 polypeptide or a fragment thereof) is packaged in the helper cells into infectious virion particles, which may then be used for the gene delivery.

Other known methods of introducing nucleic acid into cells include electroporation, calcium phosphate co-precipitation, mechanical techniques such as microinjection, transfer mediated by liposomes and direct DNA uptake and receptor-mediated DNA transfer. Liposomes can encapsulate RNA, DNA and virions for delivery to cells. Depending on factors such as pH, ionic strength and divalent cations being present, the composition of liposomes may be tailored for targeting of particular cells or tissues. Liposomes include phospholipids and may include lipids and steroids and the composition of each such component may be altered. Targeting of liposomes may also be achieved using a specific binding pair member such as an antibody or binding fragment thereof, a sugar or a glycolipid.

The aim of gene therapy using nucleic acid encoding the polypeptide, or an active portion thereof, is to increase the amount of the expression product of the nucleic acid in cells in which the level of the wild-type polypeptide is absent or present only at reduced levels. Such treatment may be therapeutic or prophylactic, particularly in the treatment of individuals known through screening or testing to have an IDDM4 susceptibility allele and hence a predisposition to the disease.

Similar techiques may be used for anti-sense regulation of gene expression, e.g. targeting an antisense nucleic acid molecule to cells in which a mutant form of the gene is expressed, the aim being to reduce production of the mutant gene product. Other approaches to specific down-regulation of genes are well known, including the use of ribozymes designed to cleave specific nucleic acid sequences. Ribozymes are nuceic acid molecules, actually RNA, which specifically cleave single-stranded RNA, such as mRNA, at defined sequences, and their specificity can be engineered. Hammerhead ribozymes may be preferred because they recognise base sequences of about 11-18 bases in length, and so have greater specificity than ribozymes of the Tetrahymena type which recognise sequences of about 4 bases in length, though the latter type of ribozymes are useful in certain circumstances. References on the use of ribozymes include Marschall, et al. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, 1994. 14(5): 523; Hasselhoff, Nature 334: 585 (1988) and Cech, J. Amer. Med. Assn., 260: 3030 (1988).

Aspects of the present invention will now be illustrated with reference to the accompanying figures described already above and experimental exemplification, by way of example and not limitation. Further aspects and embodiments will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. All documents mentioned in this specification are hereby incorporated herein by reference.

›Examples12
›EXAMPLE 1 · 1 of 12

Cloning of LRP5

As noted above, confirmation of linkage to two of the 18 potential loci for IDDM predisposition was achieved by analysis of two family sets (102 UK families and 84 USA families), IDDM4 on chromosome 11q13 (MLS 1.3, P=0.01 at FGF3) and IDDM5 on chromosome 6q (MLS 1.8 P=0.003 at ESR). At IDDM4 the most significant linkage was obtained in the subset of families sharing 1 or 0 alleles IBD at HLA (MLSr=2.8; P=0.0002; ls=1.2) (Davies et al, 1994). This linkage was also observed by Hashimoto et al (1994) using 251 affected sibpairs, obtaining P=0.0008 in all sibpairs. Combining these results, with 596 families, provides substantial support for IDDM4 (P=1.5×10 −6 ) (Todd and Farrall, 1996; Luo et al, 1996).

Multipoint analysis with other markers in the FGF3 region produced an MLS of 2.3 at FGF3 and D11S1883 (ls=1.19), and delineated the interval to a 27 cM region, flanked by the markers D11S903 and D11S527 (FIG. 1 ).

Multipoint linkage analysis cannot localise the gene to a small region unless several thousand multiplex families are available. Instead, association mapping has been used for rare single gene diseases which can narrow the interval containing the disease gene to less than 2 cM or 2M bases. Nevertheless, this method is highly unpredictable and has not previously been used to locate a polygene for a common disease. Association mapping has been used to locate the IDDM2/INS polygene but this relied on the selection of a functional candidate polymorphism/gene and was restricted to a very small (<30 kb) region. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) or association studies were carried out in order to delineate the IDDM4 region to less than 2 cM. In theory, association of a particular allele very close to the founder mutation will be detected in populations descended from that founder. The transmission disequilibrium test (TDT, Spielman et al, 1993) measures association by assessing the deviation from 50% of the transmission of alleles from a marker locus from parents to affected children. The detection of association is dependent on the ancestry of each population studied to be as homogeneous as possible, in order to reduce the possiblity that the presence of several founder-chromosomes, decreasing the power to detect the association. These parameters are highly unpredictable.

Analysis of markers spanning the IDDM4 linkage interval, LD was detected at D11S1917(UT5620) in 554 families, P=0.01. A physical map of this region, comprising approximately 500 kb, was achieved by constructing a pac, bac and cosmid contig (FIG. 2 ). The region was physically mapped by hybridisation of markers onto restriction-enzyme digested clones resolved through agarose, and Southern blotted.

Further microsatellites (both published, and those isolated from the clones by microsatellite rescue) were analysed within 1289 families, from four different populations (UK, USA, Sardinia and Norway). A LD graph was constructed, with a peak at H0570POLYA, P=0.001, flanked by the markers D11S987 and 18018AC (FIG. 3 ). The LD detected at a polymorphic marker is influenced by allele frequency, and whether the mutation causing susceptibility to type 1 diabetes arose on a chromosome where the allele in LD is the same allele as that on protective or neutral chromosomes. In the case where the marker being analysed has the same allele in LD with both susceptible and protective genotypes, these will remain undetected by single point analysis, in effect cancelling each other out, and showing little or no evidence for LD with the disease locus. Unpredictability of the method arising from this has been noted already above.

In order to maximise the information obtained with each marker, a three point rolling LD curve was produced with the IDDM4 markers (FIG. 4 ). In this case the percentage transmission (IT) was calculated from a marker, and its two immediate flanking markers, and averaged between them to minimise the effects of fluctuating allele frequency. This also produced a peak at H0570POLYA, with P=0.04, and indicates that the IDDM4 mutation is more likely to be in the interval EB0864CA-D11S1337 (75 kb).

By the identification of this 75 kb interval which shows association with type 1 diabetes, disease associated haplotypes were identified. These are derived from the original founder chromosomes on which the diabetes mutation or mutations IDDM4 arose. In order to identify the mutation causing susceptibility to type 1 diabetes, a refined linkage disequilibrium curve, based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes, is constructed. SNPs are identified by sequencing individuals with specific haplotypes which have been identified from the microsatellite analysis: homozygous susceptible to type 1 diabetes, homozygous protective for type 1 diabetes, and controls. One of these SNPs may be the etiological mutation IDDM4, or may be in very strong linkage disequilibrium with the primary disease locus, and hence be at a peak of the refined curve. Cross-match analysis further reduces the number of candidate SNPs, as shown by the localisation of the IDDM2 mutation by this method (Bennett et al, 1995; Bennett and Todd, 1996). This requires identification of distinct haplotypes or founder chromosomes, which have a different arrangement of alleles from the main susceptible or protective haplotypes, so that association or transmission of candidate SNP alleles can be tested in different haplotype backgrounds. The candidate mutations can be assessed for effects on gene function or regulation.

In different populations different IDDM4 mutations may have arisen in the same gene. We are sequencing several putative founder chromosome or disease associated haplotypes from several unrelated individuals from different populations to identify candidate mutations for IDDM4, and which cluster in the same gene.

To carry out an extensive search for DNA mutations or polymorphisms, the entire region and flanking regions of the associated region was sequenced (the 75 kb core region and 125 kb of flanking DNA). The DNA sequence also aids in gene identification and is complementary to other methods of gene identification such as cDNA selection or gene identification by DNA sequencing and comparative analysis of homologous mouse genomic DNA.

›EXAMPLE 1 · 2 of 12

Various strategies were used in the hope of identifying potential coding sequences within this region: sequencing, computer prediction of putative exons and promoters, and cDNA selection, to try to increase the likelihood of identifying all the genes within this interval.

Construction of Libraries for Shotgun Sequencing

DNA was prepared from either cosmids, BACs (Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes), or PACs (P1 Artificial Chromosomes). Cells containing the vector were streaked on Luria-Bertani (LB) agar plates supplemented with the appropriate antibiotic. A single colony was used to inoculate 200 ml of LB media supplemented with the appropriate antibiotic and grown overnight at 37° C. The cells were pelleted by centrifugation and plasmid DNA was prepared by following the QIAGEN (Chatsworth, Calif.) Tip500 Maxi plasmid/cosmid purification protocol with the following modifications; the cells from 100 ml of culture were used for each Tip500 column, the NaCl concentration of the elution buffer was increased from 1.25M to 1.7M, and the elution buffer was heated to 65° C.

Purified BAC and PAC DNA was digested with Not I restriction endonuclease and then subjected to pulse field gel electrophoresis using a BioRad CHEF Mapper system. (Richmond, Calif.). The digested DNA was electrophoresed overnight in a lo low melting temperature agarose (BioRad, Richmond Calif.) gel that was prepared with 0.5×Tris Borate EDTA (10×stock solution, Fisher, Pittsburg, Pa.). The CHEF Mapper autoalgorithm default settings were used for switching times and voltages. Following electrophoresis the gel was stained with ethidium bromide (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo.) and visualized with a ultraviolet transilluminator. The insert band(s) was excised from the gel. The DNA was eluted from the gel slice by beta-Agarase (New England Biolabs, Beverly Mass.) digestion according to the manufacturer's instructions. The solution containing the DNA and digested agarose was brought to 50 mM Tris pH 8.0, 15 mM MgCl2, and 25% glycerol in a volume of 2 ml and placed in a AERO-MIST nebulizer (CIS-US, Bedford Mass.). The nebulizer was attatched to a nitrogen gas source and the DNA was randomly sheared at 10 psi for 30 sec. The sheared DNA was ethanol precipitated and resuspended in TE (10 mM Tris, 1 mM EDTA). The ends were made blunt by treatment with Mung Bean Nuclease (Promega, Madison, Wis.) at 30° C. for 30 min, followed by phenol/chloroform extraction, and treatment with T4 DNA polymerase (GIBCO/BRL, Gaithersburg, Md.) in multicore buffer (Promega, Madison, Wis.) in the presence of 40 uM dNTPs at 16° C. To facilitate subcloning of the DNA fragments, BstX I adapters (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.) were ligated to the fragments at 14° C. overnight with T4 DNA ligase (Promega, Madison Wis.). Adapters and DNA fragments less than 500 bp were removed by column chromatography using a cDNA sizing column (GIBCO/BRL, Gaithersburg, Md.) according to the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Fractions containing DNA greater than 1 kb were pooled and concentrated by ethanol precipitation. The DNA fragments containing BstX I adapters were ligated into the BstX I sites of pSHOT II which was constructed by subcloning the BstX I sites from pcDNA II (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.) into the BssH II sites of pBlueScript (Stratagene, La Jolla, Calif.). pSHOT II was prepared by digestion with BstX I restriction endonuclease and purified by agarose gel electrophoresis. The gel purified vector DNA was extracted from the agarose by following the Prep-A-Gene (BioRad, Richmond, Calif.) protocol. To reduce ligation of the vector to itself, the digested vector was treated with calf intestinal phosphatase (GIBCO/BRL, Gaithersburg, Md.). Ligation reactions of the DNA fragments with the cloning vector were transformed into ultra-competent XL-2 Blue cells (Stratagene, La Jolla, Calif.), and plated on LB agar plates supplemented with 100 ug/ml ampicillin. Individual colonies were picked into a 96 well plate containing 100 ul/well of LB broth supplemented with ampicillin and grown overnight at 37° C. Approximately 25 ul of 80% sterile glycerol was added to each well and the cultures stored at −80° C.

Preparation of Plasmid DNA

Glycerol stocks were used to inoculate 5 ml of LB broth supplemented with 100 ug/ml ampicillin either manually or by using a Tecan Genesis RSP 150 robot (Tecan AG, Hombrechtikon, Switzerland) programmed to inoculate 96 tubes containing 5 ml broth from the 96 wells. The cultures were grown overnight at 37° C. with shaking to provide aeration. Bacterial cells were pelleted by centrifugation, the supernatant decanted, and the cell pellet stored at −20° C. Plasmid DNA was prepared with a QIAGEN Bio Robot 9600 (QIAGEN, Chatsworth Calif.) according to the Qiawell Ultra protocol. To test the frequency and size of inserts plasmid DNA was digested with the restriction endonuclease Pvu II. The size of the restriction endonuclease products was examined by agarose gel electrophoresis with the average insert size being 1 to 2 kb.

DNA Sequence Analysis of Shotgun Clones

DNA sequence analysis was performed using the ABI PRISM™ dye terminator cycle sequencing ready reaction kit with AmpliTaq DNA polymerase, FS (Perkin Elmer, Norwalk, Conn.). DNA sequence analysis was performed with M13 forward and reverse primers. Following amplification in a Perkin-Elmer 9600 the extension products were purified and analyzed on an ABI PRISM 377 automated sequencer (Perkin Elmer, Norwalk, Conn.). Approximately 12 to 15 sequencing reactions were performed per kb of DNA to be examined e.g. 1500 reactions would be performed for a PAC insert of 100 kb.

Assembly of DNA Sequences

Phred/Phrap was used for DNA sequences assembly. This program was developed by Dr. Phil Green and licensed from the University of Washington (Seattle, Wash.). Phred/Phrap consists of the following programs: Phred for base-calling, Phrap for sequence assembly, Crossmatch for sequence comparisons, Consed and Phrapview for visualization of data, and Repeatmasker for screening repetitive sequences. Vector and E. coli DNA sequences were identified by Crossmatch and removed from the DNA sequence assembly process. DNA sequence assembly was on a SUN Enterprise 4000 server running Solaris 2.51 operating system (Sun Microsystems Inc., Mountain View, Calif.) using default Phrap parameters. The sequence assemblies were further analyzed using Consed and Phrapview.

›EXAMPLE 1 · 3 of 12

BioInformatic Analysis of Assembled DNA Sequences

When the assembled DNA sequences approached five to six fold coverage of the region of interest the exon and promoter prediction abilities of the program GRAIL (ApoCom, Oak Ridge) were utilized to aid in gene identification. ApoCom GRAIL is a commercial version of the Department of Energy developed GRAIL Gene Characterization Software licensed to ApoCom Inc. by Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation and ApoCom Client Tool for Genomics (ACTG)™.

The DNA sequences at various stages of assembly were queried against the DNA sequences in the GenBank database (subject) using the BLAST algorithm (S. F. Altschul, et al. (1990) J. Mol. Biol. 215, 403-410), with default parameters. When examining large contiguous sequences of DNA repetitive elements were masked following identification by crossmatch with a database of mammalian repetitive elements. Following BLAST analysis the results were compiled by a parser program written by Dr. Guochun Xie (Merck Research Lab). The parser provided the following information from the database for each DNA sequence having a similarity with a P value greater than 10 −6 ; the annotated name of the sequence, the database from which it was derived, the length and percent identity of the region of similarity, and the location of the similarity in both the query and the subject.

The BLAST analysis identified a high degree of similarities (90-100% identical) over a length of greater than 100 bp between DNA sequences we obtained and a number of human EST sequences present in the database. These human EST sequences clustered into groups that are represented by accession numbers; R73322, R50627, F07016. In general, each EST cluster is presumed to represent a single gene. The DNA sequences in R73322 cluster of 424 nucleotides had a lower but significant degree of DNA sequence similarity to the gene encoding the LDL receptor related protein (GenBank accession number X13916) and several other members of the LDL receptor family. Therefore it was concluded that the sequences that were highly similar to EST R73322 encoded a member of the LDL receptor family.

Members of each EST cluster were assembled using the program Sequencher (Perkin Elmer, Norwalk Conn.). To increase the accuracy of the EST sequence data extracted from the database relevent chromatogram trace files from the genomic DNA sequences obtained from shotgun sequencing were included in the assembly. The corrected EST sequences were reanalyzed by BLAST and BLASTX. For EST cluster 3, represented by accession number R50627 analysis of the edited EST assembly revealed that this cluster was similar to members of the LDL receptor family. This result suggested the possibility that these two EST clusters were components of the same gene.

Experimentally derived cDNA sequences were assembled using the program Sequencher (Perkin Elmer, Norwalk Conn.). Genomic DNA sequences and cDNA sequences were compared by using the program Crossmatch which allowed for a rapid and sensitive detection of the location of exons. The identification of intron/exon boundaries was then accomplished by manually comparing the genomic and cDNA sequences by using the program GeneWorks (Intelligenetics Inc., Campbell Calif.).

Northern Blot Analysis

Primers 256F and 622R ((SEQ ID NOS:51,52) Table 2) were used to amplify a PCR product of 366 bp from a fetal brain cDNA library. This product was purified on an agarose gel, the DNA extracted, and subcloned into pCR2.1 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.). The 366 bp probe was labeled by random priming with the Amersham Rediprime kit (Arlington Heights, Ill.) in the presence of 50-100 uCi of 3000 Ci/mmole [alpha 32 P]dCTP (Dupont/NEN, Boston, Mass.). Unincorporated nucleotides were removed with a ProbeQuant G-50 spin column (Pharmacia/tech, Biotech, Piscataway, N.J.). The radiolabeled probe at a concentration of greater than 1×10 6 cpm/ml in rapid hybridization buffer (Clontech, Palo Alto, Calif.) was incubated overnight at 65° C. with human multiple tissue Northern's I and II (Clontech, Palo Alto, Calif.). The blots were washed by two 15 min incubations in 2×SSC, 0.1% SDS (prepared from 20×SSC and 20% SDS stock solutions, Fisher, Pittsburg, Pa.) at room temperature, followed by two 15 min incubations in 1×SSC, 0.1% SDS at room temperature, and two 30,min incubations in 0.1×SSC, 0.1% SDS at 60° C. Autoradiography of the blots was done to visualize the bands that specifically hybridized to the radiolabeled probe.

The probe hybridized to an approximately 5-5.5 kb mRNA transcript that is most highly expressed in placenta, liver, pancreas, and prostate. It is expressed at an intermediate level in lung, skeletal muscle, kidney, spleen, thymus, ovary, small intestine, and colon. The message is expressed at a low level in brain, testis, and leukocytes. In tissues where the transcript is highly expressed, e.g. liver and pancreas, additional bands of 7 kb and 1.3 kb are observed.

Isolation of Full Length cDNAs

PCR based techniques were used to extend regions that were highly similar to ESTs and regions identified by exon prediction software (GRAIL). The one technique utilized is a variation on Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) termed Reduced Complexity cDNA Analysis (RCCA) similar procedures are reported by Munroe et. al. (1995) PNAS 92: 2209-2213 and Wilfinger et. al. (1997) BioTechniques 22: 481-486. This technique relies upon a PCR template that is a pool of approximately 20,000 cDNA clones, this reduces the complexity of the template and increases the probability of obtaining longer PCR extensions. A second technique that was used to extend cDNAs was PCR between regions that were identified in the genomic sequence of having the potential to be portions of a gene e.g. sequences that were very similar to ESTs or sequences that were identified by GRAIL. These PCR reactions were done on cDNA prepared from approximately 5 ug of mRNA (Clontech, Palo Alto, Calif.) with the SuperScript™ choice system (Gibco/BRL, Gaithersburg, Md.). The first strand cDNA synthesis was primed using 1 ug of oligo(dT): 2-18 primer and 25 ng of random hexamers per reaction. Second strand cDNA synthesis was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions.

›EXAMPLE 1 · 4 of 12

Identification of Additional Exons Related to EST Cluster 1

We scanned 96 wells of a human fetal brain plasmid library, 20,000 clones per well, by amplifying a 366 bp PCR product using primers 256F and 622R. The reaction mix consisted of 4 ul of plasmid DNA (0.2 ng/ml), 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.3, 50 mM KCl, 10% sucrose, 2.5 mM MgCl 2 , 0.1% Tetrazine, 200 mM dNTP's, 100 ng of each primer and 0.1 ul of Taq Gold (Perkin-Elmer, Norwalk, Conn.). A total reaction volume of 11 ul was incubated at 95° C. for 12 min followed by 32 cycles of 95° C. for 30 sec, 60° C., for 30 sec and 72° C. for 30 sec. Approximately 20 wells were found to contain the correct 366 bp fragment by PCR analysis. 5′ and 3′ RACE was subsequently performed on several of the positive wells containing the plasmid cDNA library using a vector specific primer and a gene specific primer. The vector specific primers, PBS 543R and PBS 873F were both used in combination with gene specific primers 117F and 518R because the orientation of the insert was not known. PCR amplification conditions consisted of 1×TaKaRa Buffer LA, 2.5 mM MgCl 2 , 500 mM dNTP's, 0.2 ul of TaKaRa LA Taq Polymerase (PanVera, Madison Wis.), 100 ng of each primer and 5 ul of the plasmid library at 0.2 ng/ml. In a total reaction volume of 20 ml, the thermal cycling conditions were as follows: 92° C. for 30 sec, followed by 32 cycles of 92° C. for 30 sec, 1 min at 60° C. and 10 min at 68° C. After the initial PCR amplification, a nested or semi-nested PCR reaction was performed using nested vector primers PBS 578R and PBS 838F and various gene specific primers (256F, 343F, 623R and 657R). The PCR products were separated from the unincorporated dNTP's and primers using QIAGEN, QIAquick PCR purification spin columns using standard protocols and resuspended in 30 ul of water. The amplification conditions for the nested and semi-nested PCR were the same as the initial PCR amplification except that 3 ul of the purified PCR fragment was used as template and that the cycling conditions were for only 20 cycles. Products obtained from this PCR amplification were analyzed on 1% agarose gels, excised fragments were purified using QIAGEN QIAquick spin columns and sequenced using ABI dye-terminator sequencing kits. The products were analyzed on ABI 377 sequencers according to standard protocols.

Connection of EST Clusters 1-3

As discussed above it is possible that each EST cluster represents a single gene, alternatively the EST clusters may be portions of the same gene. To distinguish between these two possiblities, primers were designed to the two other EST clusters in the region represented by EST accession numbers F07016 (cluster 2, containing 272 nucleotides) and R50627 (cluster 3, containing 1177 nucleotides). Primers from cluster 1 (117F and 499F) were paired with a primer from EST cluster 3 (4034R) in a PCR reaction. A 50 ul reaction was performed using the Takara LA Taq polymerase (Panvera, Madison, Wis.) in the reaction buffer supplied by the manufacturer with the addition of 0.32 mM dNTPs, primers, and approximately 30 ng of lymph node cDNA. PCR products were amplified for 35 cycles of 94° C. for 30 sec, 60° C. for 30 sec, and 72° C. for 4 minutes. Products were electrophoresed on a 1% agarose gel and bands of 2.5 to 3 kb were excised, subcloned into pCR 2.1 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.), and plasmid DNA was prepared for DNA sequence analysis.

The primary reaction described above generated by a primer in EST cluster 1 (638F) and EST cluster 3 (4173R) was utilized as the template for a reaction with a primer from EST cluster 1 (638F) and from EST cluster 2 (3556R). This semi-nested PCR reaction was performed with Takara LA Taq polymerase as described in the previous paragraph. An approximately 2 kb product was generated and subcloned for DNA sequence analysis. The assembly of the DNA sequence results of these PCR products indicated that EST clusters 1 to 3 were part of the same gene and established their orientation relative to each other in the mRNA transcript produced by this gene.

PCR reactions were also performed between EST clusters 2 and 3. Amplification from liver cDNA using Takara LA Taq polymerase (Panvera, Madison, Wis.) with the primers 2519F, 3011F, or 3154F (EST cluster 2) in combination with 5061R (EST cluster 3) was done for 35 cyles of 95° C. for 30 sec, 60° C. for 60 sec, and 72° C. for 3 minutes. The PCR products were gel purified, subcloned, and the DNA sequence was determined. The DNA sequence analysis of the ends of all these PCR products resulted in most of the cDNA sequence however to provide for complete DNA sequence of both strands oligonucleotide primers were designed and used for DNA sequencing (FIG. 5 ( a ) (SEQ ID NO: 1)).

Extension of the 5′ End

RCCA analysis was utilized to obtain a number of clones extended 5′ by using the internal gene specific primers as described previously. Several clonal extensions were isolated however most of the clones analyzed stopped within exon A. One clone extended past the 5′ end of exon A but the sequence was contiguous with genomic DNA, since a body of evidence indicates an intron/exon boundary at the 5′ end of exon A it appeared likely that this extension is a result of unprocessed intronic sequence. A second clone h10 extended past this point but diverged from the genomic DNA sequence. It was concluded that this represented a chimeric clone that was present in the original fetal brain cDNA library.

Identification of 5′ end of isoform 1

As described above results from RCCA experiments yielded a number of independent clones that terminated at the 5′ end of exon A. This suggested that the human LRP5 gene contains a region that the reverse transcriptase has difficulty transcribing. To circumvent this problem we decided to isolate the mouse ortholog of LRP5, since subtle differences in DNA sequence content can alter the ability of an enzyme to transcribe a region. To increase the probability of isolating the 5′ portion of the mouse gene a human probe of 366 nucleotides, described above and derived from exons A and B was used.

›EXAMPLE 1 · 5 of 12

A cDNA library was constructed from mouse liver mRNA purchased from Clontech (Palo Alto, Calif.). cDNA was prepared using the SuperScript Choice system (Gibco/BRL Gaithersburg, Md.) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Phosphorylated Bst XI adapters (Invitrogen, San Diego, Calif.) were ligated to approximately 2 ug of mouse liver cDNA. The ligation mix was diluted and size-fractionated on a cDNA sizing column (Gibco/BRL Gaithersburg, Md.). Drops from the column were collected and the eluted volume from the column determined as described for the construction of shotgun libraries. The size-fractionated cDNA with the Bst XI linkers was ligated into the vector pSHOT II, described above, cut with the restriction endonuclease Bst XI, gel purified, and dephosphorylated with calf intestinal phosphatase (Gibco/BRL, Gaithersburg, Md.). The ligation containing approximately 10-20 ng of cDNA and approximately 100 ng of vector was incubated overnight at 14° C. The ligation was transformed into XL-2 Blue Ultracompetent cells (Stratagene, La Jolla, Calif.). The transformed cells were spread on twenty 133 mm Colony/Plaque Screen filters (Dupont/NEN, Boston, Mass.) at a density of approximately 30,000 colonies per plate on Luria Broth agar plates supplemented with 100 ug/ml ampicillin (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo.). The colonies were grown overnight and then replica plated onto two duplicate filters. The replica filters were grown for several hours at 37° C. until the colonies were visible and processed for in situ hybridization of colonies according to established procedures (Maniatis, Fritsch and Sambrook, 1982). A Stratalinker (Stratagene, La Jolla, Calif.) was used to crosslink the DNA to the filter. The filters were hybridized overnight with greater than 1,000,000 cpm/ml probe in 1×hybridization buffer (Gibco/BRL, Gaithersburg, Md.) containing 50% formamide at 42° C. The probe was generated from a PCR product derived from the human LRP5 cDNA using primers 512F and 878R. This probe was random prime labeled with the Amersham Rediprime kit (Arlington Heights, Ill.) in the presence of 50-100 uCi of 3000 Ci/mmole [alpha 32P]dCTP (Dupont/NEN, Boston, Mass.) and purified using a ProbeQuant G-50 spin column (Pharmacia/Biotech, Piscataway, N.J.). The filters were washed with 0.1×SSC, 0.1% SDS at 42° C. Following autoradiography individual regions containing hybridization positive colonies were excised from the master filter and placed into 0.5 ml Luria Broth plus 20% glycerol. Each positive was replated at a density of approximate 50-200 colonies per 100 mm plate and screened by hybridization as described above. Single colonies were isolated and plasmid DNA was prepared for DNA sequence analysis.

Three clones were isolated from the mouse cDNA library the assembled sequence of the clones (FIG. 16 ( a ) (SEQ ID NO:35)) that had a high degree of similarity (87% identical over an approximately 1700 nucleotide portion) with the human LRP5 gene and thus likely represent the mouse ortholog of LRP5. The 500 amino acid of the portion of the mouse LRP5 (FIG. 16 ( d ) (SEQ ID NO:8)) that we initially obtained is 96% identical to human LRP5. Significantly two of these clones had sequence that was 5′ of the region corresponding to exon A, clone 19a contained an additional 200 bp and clone 9a contained an additional 180 bp (FIG. 16 ( b ) (SEQ ID NO:36)). The additional 200 bp contains an open reading frame that begins at bp 112 (FIG. 16 ( c ) (SEQ ID NO:37)). The initiating codon has consensus nucleotides for efficient initiation of translation at both the −3 (purine) and +4 (G nucleotide) positions (Kozak, M. 1996, Mamalian Genome 7:563-574). This open reading frame encodes a peptide with the potential to act as a eukaryotic signal sequence for protein export (von Heijne, 1994, Ann. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struc. 23:167-192). The highest score for the signal sequence as determined by using the SigCleave program in the GCG analysis package (Genetics Computer Group, Madison Wis.) generates a mature peptide beginning at residue 29 of isoform 1. Additional sites that may be utilized produce mature peptides beginning at amino acid residue 31 (the first amino acid encoded by exon A) or amino acid residues 32, 33, or 38.

Molecular Cloning of the Full Length Mouse Lrp3 cDNA

The mouse cDNA clones isolated by nucleic acid hybridization contain 1.7 Kb of the 5′ end of the Lrp3 cDNA (FIG. 16 ( a ) (SEQ ID NO:35)). This accounts for approximately one-third of the full length cDNA when compared to the human cDNA sequence. The remainder of the mouse Lrp3 cDNA was isolated using PCR to amplify products from mouse liver cDNA. PCR primers, Table 9 (SEQ ID NOS:49-74,334-402), were designed based upon DNA sequences identified by the sequence skimming of mouse genomic clones, BACs 53-d-8 and 131-p-15, which contain the mouse Lrp3 gene. BAC 53-d-8 was mapped by FISH analysis to mouse chromosome 19 which is syntenic with 11q13. Sequence skimming of these clones identified DNA sequences that corresponded to the coding region of human LRP5 as well as the 3′ untranslated region. This strategy resulted in the determination of a mouse cDNA sequence of 5059 nucleotides (FIG. 18 ( a ) (SEQ ID NO:40)) which contains an open reading frame of 4842 nucleotides (FIG. 18 ( b ) (SEQ ID NO:41)) that encodes a protein of 1614 amino acids (FIG. 18 ( c ) (SEQ ID NO:42)). The putative ATG is in a sequence context favorable for initiation of translation (Kozak, M. 1996, Mamalian Genome 7:563-574).

Comparison of Human and Mouse LRP5

The cDNA sequences of human and mouse LRP5 display 87% identity. The open reading frame of the human LRP5 cDNA encodes a protein of 1615 amino acids (SEQ ID NO:3) that is 94% identical to the 1614 amino acid protein encoded by mouse Lrp3 (SEQ ID NOS:42) (FIG. 18 ( d )). The difference in length is due to a single amino acid deletion in the mouse Lrp3 signal peptide sequence. The signal peptide sequence is not highly conserved being less than 50% identical between human and mouse. The location of the putative signal sequence cleavage site is at amino acid residue 25 in the human and amino acid 29 in the mouse. Cleavage at these sites would result in mature human and mouse proteins of 1591 and 1586 amino acids, respectively, which are 95% identical (FIG. 18 ( e ) (SEQ ID NOS:43,44)). The high degree of overall sequence similarity argues strongly that the identified sequences are orthologs of the LRP5 gene. This hypothesis is further supported by the results of genomic Southern experiments (data not shown).

›EXAMPLE 1 · 6 of 12

Identification of Human Signal Peptide Exon for Isoform 1

The human exon encoding a signal peptide was isolated from liver cDNA by PCR. The forward primer 1F (SEQ ID NO:51) (Table 9) was used in combination with one of the following reverse primers: 218R, 265R, 318R, and 361R (SEQ ID NOS:50,52,53,54) in a PCR reaction using Taq Gold polymerase (Perkin-Elmer, Norwalk, Conn.) and supplemented with either 3, 5, or 7% DMSO. Products were amplified for 40 cycles of 30 sec 95° C., 30 sec 58° C., and 1 min 72° C. The products were analyzed on an agarose gel and some of the reactions containing bands of the predicted size were selected for DNA sequence analysis and subcloning into pCR2.1 (Invitrogen, San Diego, Calif.).

The derived DNA sequence of 139 nucleotides upstream of exon 2 (also known as exon A) contains an ATG that is in a context for efficient initiation of translation: an adenine (A) residue at the −3 position and a guanine (G) residue at the +4 position (Kozak, M. 1996, Mamalian Genome 7:563-574). The open reading frame for this ATG continues for 4854 nucleotides (FIG. 5 ( b )) (SEQ ID NO:2) which encodes a polypeptide of 1615 amino acids (FIG. 5 ( c ) (SEQ ID NO:3)).

The sequence following the initiator ATG codon encodes a peptide with the potential to act as a signal for protein export. The highest score for the signal sequence (15.3) indicated by the SigCleave program in the GCG analysis package (Genetics Computer Group, Madison Wis.) generates a mature polypeptide beginning at amino acid residue 25 (FIG. 5 ( d,e ). Additional putative cleavage sites that may be utilized to produce a mature LRP5 protein are predicted for residues 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30 and 32 (the first amino acid encoded by exon A).

Determination of the Genomic DNA Sequence Containing and Flanking the Signal Peptide Exon

The region that contained genomic DNA sequence identical to the cDNA sequence encoding a signal peptide was in a gap between two stretches of contiguous genomic DNA sequence known as contigs 57 and 58. To close this gap four clones were chosen from the shotgun library that were determined to span this gap according to analysis by the program Phrapview licensed from Dr. Phil Green of the University of Washington (Seattle, Wash.). Direct DNA sequencing of these clones was unsuccessful, i.e. high GC content significantly reduced the efficiency of the cycle sequencing. To circumvent this problem PCR products were generated by incorporating 7-deaza-dGTP (Pharmacia, Pharmacia Biotech, Piscataway, N.J.). The conditions for these reactions consisted of a modification of the Klentaq Advantage-GC polymerase kit (Clontech, Palo Alto, Calif.). The standard reaction protocol was modified by supplementing the reaction mix with 200 uM 7-deaza-dGTP. Inserts were amplified with M13 forward and reverse primers for 32 cycles of 30 sec at 92° C., 1 min at 60° C., and 5 min at 68° C. Products were gel purified using Qiaquick gel extraction kit (Qiagen Inc., Santa Clarita, Calif.) and sequenced as described previously. Assembly of the resulting sequences closed the gap and generated a contiguous sequence of approximately 78,000 bp of genomic DNA.

Extension of Isoforms 2 and 3

The software package GRAIL (supra) predicts exons and promoter sequences from genomic DNA sequence. One region identified by GRAIL is an exon originally designated G1 and subsequently termed exon 1 that is approximately 55 kb upstream of the beginning of exon A (FIG. 12 ( c ) (SEQ ID NO:28)). Three primers designated G1 1f to 3f were designed based on this sequence. This exon was of particular interest because GRAIL also predicted a promoter immediately upstream of the exonic sequence (FIG. 12 ( e )). Furthermore one of the open reading frames in G1 encoded a peptide that had the characteristics of a eukaryotic signal sequence.

To determine whether the G1 predicted exon was part of the LRP5 gene, reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR was performed using the Taqara RNA PCR kit (Panvera, Madison Wis.). Human liver mRNA (50 ng) was used as the template for a 10 ul reverse transcriptase reaction. The reverse transcriptase reaction using one of the LRP5 specific primers (622R, 361R, or 318R) was incubated at 60° C. for 30 min, followed by 99° C. for 5 min, and then the sample was placed on ice. One of the forward primers, Table 2, (G1 1f, 2f, or 3f) (SEQ ID NOS:75,76,77) was added along with the reagents for PCR amplification and the reaction was amplified for 30 cycles of 30 sec at 94° C., 30 sec at 60° C., and 2 min at 72° C. This primary PCR reaction was then diluted 1:2 in water and 1 ul of the reaction was used in a second 20 ul reaction using nested primers. The reaction conditions for the second round of amplification were 30 cycles of 94° C. for 30 sec, 60° C. for 30 sec and 72° C. for 2 min. The products were separated on an agarose gel and excised. The purified fragments were subcloned into pCR 2.1 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.), plasmid DNA was prepared, and the DNA sequence was determined.

The DNA sequence of these products indicated that G1 (exon 1) was present on at least a portion of the LRP5 transcripts. Two different isoforms were identified. The first, isoform 2 (FIG. 11 ( a ) (SEQ ID NO:23)), identified in this experiment consists of exon 1 followed by an exon that we have given the designation exon 5. This splice variant has an open reading frame that initiates in exon B nucleotide 402 (FIG. 11 ( a )), the initiator methionine at this location does not conform to the consensus sequences for translation initiation (Kozak, M. (1996) Mamalian Genome 7:563-574). A second potential initiator methionine is present at nucleotide 453, this codon is in a context for efficient initiation of translation initiation (Kozak, M. (1996) Mamalian Genome 7:563-574). The longest potential open reading frame for isoform 2 (FIG. 11 ( c )) encodes a splice variant contains a eukaryotic signal sequence at amino acid 153. The mature peptide generated by this splice variant would be lacking the first five spacer domains and a portion of the first EGF-like motif.

›EXAMPLE 1 · 7 of 12

The second isoform (isoform 3) consists of exon 1 followed by exon A (FIG. 12 ( a )). It is not known whether exon 1 is the first exon of isoform 2. However the location of a GRAIL predicted promoter upstream of G1 suggests the possibility that exon 1 is the first exon. Futhermore there is an open reading frame that extends past the 5′ intron/exon boundary postulated by GRAIL (FIG. 12 ( b )). Therefore we have examined the possiblity of incorporating this extended open reading frame into the LRP5 transcript. The resulting open reading frame (FIG. 12 ( c )) encodes a 1639 amino acid protein (FIG. 12 ( d ). The initiator methionine codon does not contain either of the consensus nucleotides that are thought to be important for efficient translation (Kozak, M. 1996, Mamalian Genome 7:563-574). Nor does the predicted protein contain a predicted eukaryotic signal sequence within the first 100 amino acids. Alternatively there may be additional exons upstream of exon 1 which provide the initiator methionine codon and/or a potential signal sequence.

RACE Extension of the 5′ end of lrp5: Isoforms 4 and 5

RACE is an established protocol for the analysis of cDNA ends. This procedure was performed using the Marathon RACE template purchased from Clontech (Palo Alto, Calif.). This was performed according to instructions using Clontech “Marathon” cDNA from fetal brain and mammary tissue. Two “nested” PCR amplifications were performed using the ELONGASE™ long-PCR enzyme mix & buffer from Gibco-BRL (Gaithersburg, Md.).

Marathon Primers

AP1: CCATCCTAATACGACTCACTATAGGGC (SEQ ID NOS:407)

AP2: ACTCACTATAGGGCTCGAGCGGC (SEQ ID NOS:408)

First round PCR used 2 microliters Marathon placenta cDNA template and 10 pmoles each of primers L217 and AP1. Thermal cycling was: 94° C. 30 sec, 68° C. 6 min, 5 cycles; 94° C. 30 sec, 64° C. 30 sec, 68° C. 4 min, 5 cycles; 94° C. 30 sec, 62° C. 30 sec, 68° C. 4 min, 30 cycles. One microliter from a 1/20 dilution of this reaction was added to a second PCR reaction as DNA template. This PCR reaction also differed from the first PCR reaction in that nested primers L120 and AP2 were used. Two products of approximately 1600 bp and 300 bp were observed and cloned into pCR2.1 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad Calif.). The DNA sequence of these clones indicated that they were generated by splicing of sequences to exon A. The larger 1.6 kb fragment (FIG. 13 (SEQ ID NO:31)) identified a region approximately 4365 nucleotides upstream of exon A and appeared to be contiguous with genomic DNA for 1555 base pairs. The sequence identified by the 300 bp fragment was approximately 5648 nucleotides upstream of exon A (FIG. 14 (SEQ ID NO:32)). This sequence had similarity to Alu repeats. The region identified by the 300 bp fragment was internal to the region identified by the 1.6 kb fragment. The open reading frame for these isoforms designated 4 and 5 is the same as described for isoform 2 (FIG. 11 ( b )).

Extension of Isoform 6

GRAIL (supra) analysis was used to predict potential promoter regions for the gene. Primers were designed to the isoform 6 promoter sequence (FIG. 15 ( b )) which was defined by GRAIL and is approximately 4 kb centromeric of exon A. This region was designated GRAIL promoter-1 (Gp-1).

The PCR primer Gp 1f (SEQ ID NO:78) (Table 2) was used in a PCR reaction with primer 574r and 599r using the polymerase Taq Gold in the reaction buffer supplied by the manufacturer (Perkin Elmer, Norwalk, Conn.). The reaction conditions were 12 min at 95° C. followed by 35 cycles of 95° C. for 30 sec, 60° C. for 30 sec, and 72° C. for 1 min 30 sec with approximately 10 ng of liver cDNA per 20 ul reaction. The primary reactions were diluted 20 fold in water and a second round of PCR using primer Gp 1f in combination with either 474r or 521r was done. Products were analyzed on a 2% agarose gel and bands of approximately 220 to 400 bp were subcloned into pCR 2.1 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.) and analyzed by DNA sequence analysis. The open reading frame present in isoform 4 is the same as described for isoform 2 above (FIG. 11 ( b )).

Microsatellite Rescue

A vectorette library was made from each clone by restricting each clone and ligating on a specific bubble linker (Munroe, D. J. et al. (1994) Genomics 19, 506). PCR was carried out beween a primer (Not 1-A) specific for the linker, and a repeat motif (AC)11N, (where N is not A), at an annealing temperature of 65° C. The PCR products were gel purified and sequenced using the ABI PRISM dye terminator cycle sequencing kit as previously described. From this sequence, a primer was designed, which was used in PCR with the Not 1-A primer. This was also sequenced, and a second PCR primer designed, (Table 8 (SEQ ID NOS:318-333)) so that both primers flanked the repeat motif, and were used for genotyping.

Mutation Scanning

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP's) were identified in type 1 diabetic patients using a sequencing scanning. approach (Table 5).

Primers were designed to specifically amplify genomic fragments, approximately 500 to 800 bp in length, containing specific regions of interest (i.e. regions that contained LRP5 exons, previously identified SNP's or GRAIL predicted exons). To facilitate fluorescent dye primer sequencing, forward and reverse primer pairs were tailed with sequences that correspond to the M13 Universal primer (5′-TGTAAAACGACGGCCAGT-3′) (SEQ ID NO:409) and a modified M13 reverse primer (5′-GCTATGACCATGATTACGCC-3′) (SEQ ID NO:410), respectively. PCR products produced using the primer sets, mentioned above, were amplified in 50 ul reactions consisting of Perkin-Elmer 10×PCR Buffer, 200 mM dNTP's, 0.5 ul of Taq Gold (Perkin-Elmer Corp., Foster City, Calif.), 50 ng of patient DNA and 20 pmol/ml of forward and reverse primers. Cycling conditions were 95° C. for 12 min; 35 cycles of 95° C. for 30 sec, 57° C. for 30 sec and 68° C. for 2 min, followed by an extension of 72° C. for 6 min and a 4° C. hold.

Conditions were optimized so that only single DNA fragments were produced by these reaction. The PCR products were then purified for sequencing using QiaQuick strips or QiaQuick 96 well plates on the Qiagen robot (Qiagen Inc., Santa Clarita, Calif.). This purification step removes the unincorporated primers and nucleotides.

›EXAMPLE 1 · 8 of 12

Direct BODIPY dye primer cycle sequencing was the method used to analyze the PCR products (Metzker et. al. (1996) Science 271, 1420-1422). A Tecan robot (Tecan, Research Triangle Park, N.C.) carried out the sequencing reactions using standard dye primer sequencing protocols (ABI Dye Primer Cycle Sequencing with AmpliTaq DNA Polymerase FS, Perkin-Elmer Corp., Foster City, Calif.). The reactions were generated using the following cycling conditions on a DNA Engine thermal cycler (M. J. Research Inc., Watertown, Mass.), 15 cycles of 95° C. for 4 sec, 55° C. for 10 sec, and 70° C. for 60 sec; followed by 15 cycles of 95° C. for 4 sec, and 70° C. for 60 sec. After cycling, samples were pooled, precipitated and dried down. The samples were resuspended in 3 ul of loading buffer and 2 ml were run on an ABI 377 Automated DNA sequencer.

Once SNP's have been identified, scanning technologies are employed to evaluate their informativeness as markers to assist in the determination of association of the gene with disease in the type 1 diabetic families. We are using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP's) to assess SNP's that change a restriction endonuclease site. Furthermore, we are using forced RFLP PCR (Li and Hood (1995) Genomics 26, 199-206; Haliassos et.al. (1989) Nuc. Acids Res. 17, 3608) and ARMS (Gibbs et.al. (1989) Nuc. Acids Res. 17, 2437-2448; Wu et. al. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 2757-2760) to evaluate SNP's that do not change a restriction endonuclease site. We are also trying to scan larger regions of the locus by developing fluorescent based Cleavase (CFLP) (Life Technologies, Gaithersburg, Md.) and Resolvase, (Avitech Diagnostics, Malvern, Pa.) assays.

Haplotype Analysis at IDDM4

Haplotype mapping (or identity-by-descent mapping) has been used in conjunction with association mapping to identify regions of identity-by-descent (IBD) in founder populations, where (some) of the affected individuals in a founder population share not only the mutation, but also a quite large genomic haplotype (hence identical piece of DNA) surrounding the disease locus. Recombinant haplotypes can be utilised to delineate the region containing the mutation. These methods have been used to map the genes of the recessive disorders: Wilson's disease, Batten's disease, Hirschsprung's disease and hereditary haemochromatosis (Tanzi, R., et al. (1993) Nature Genet 5, 344-350; The International Batten Disease Consortium. (1995) Cell 82, 949-957; Puffenberger, E., et al. (1994) Hum Mol Genet 3, 1217-1225; and Feder, J., et al. (1996) Nature Genet 13, 399-408). Similarly, in type 1 diabetes, for IDDM1, comparative MHC haplotype mapping between specific Caucasian and haplotypes of African origin identified both HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 as susceptibility loci for this disorder (Todd, J. et al (1989) Nature 338, 587-589; and Todd, J. et al (1987) Nature 329, 599-604).

On chromosome 11q13 haplotype analysis was undertaken in conjunction with association analysis in order to identify regions of IBD between haplotypes which are transmitted more often than expected, hence contain a susceptible allele at the aetiological locus; in contrast protective haplotypes will be transmitted less often than expected and contain a different (protective) allele at the aetiological locus. Evidence for a deviation in the expected transmission of alleles was shown with the two polymorphic markers D11S1917 and H0570POLYA. In 2042 type 1 diabetic families from the UK, USA, Norway, Sardinia, Romania, Finland, Italy and Denmark, transmission of D11S1917-H0570POLYA haplotype 3-2 to affected offspring was negative (46%), with a 2×2 test of heterogeneity between affected and unaffected transmissions produced χ 2 =23, df=1, p<5×10 −6 , providing good evidence that this is a protective haplotype. In contrast, the 2-3 haplotype was more transmitted to affected than non-affected offspring (%T=51.3; 2×2 contingency test; χ 2 =5.5, df=1, p<0.02), indicating that this was a susceptible (or possibly neutral) chromosome. A further haplotype, which is rare, has been identified which appears to be susceptible to type 1 diabetes (D11S1917-H0570POLYA, 3-3, %T affecteds=62.4, 2×2 contingency test, affecteds vs non-affecteds;chi 2 =6.7, df=1, p<0.009). Therefore, analysis of association in this region has produced evidence for a haplotype which contains an allele protective against type 1 diabetes, as it is significantly less transmitted to the affected offspring in comparison to the unaffected offspring, and evidence for two non-protective haplotypes, which have a neutral or susceptible effect on type 1 diabetes.

Extending this haplotype analysis to include the 14 flanking microsatellite markers 255ca5, D11S987, 255ca6, 255ca3, D11S1296, E0864CA, TAA, L3001CA, D11S1337, 14LCA5, D11S4178, D11S970, 14LCA1, 18O18, as well as the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) 58-1, Exon E (intronic, 8bp 3′ of exon 6) and Exon R (Ala 1330 , exon 18) (FIG. 19 ), revealed highly conserved haplotypes within this interval in the diabetic individuals. A distinct protective haplotype (A) has been identified (encompassing the 3-2 haplotype at D11S1917-H0570POLYA), as well as a distinct susceptible haplotype (B) (encompassing the 2-3 haplotype at D11S1917-H0570POLYA ). The susceptible haplotype is IBD with the protective haplotype, 3′ of marker D11S1337, indicating that the aetiological variant playing a role in type 1 diabetes does not lie within the identical region, localising it 5′ of Exon E of the LRP-5 gene. This region that is IBD between the protective, and susceptible haplotypes prevents association analysis being undertaken, as no deviation in transmission to affected offspring would be detected. The rare susceptible haplotype (C), 3-3 at D11S1917-H0570POLYA, can also be identified. Haplotype analysis with the additional markers in the region reveals that this rare susceptible haplotype is identical to the susceptible haplotype between UT5620 and 14L15CA, potentially localising the aetiological variant between UT5620 and Exon E, which is approximately 100 kb. Therefore, the susceptible and rare susceptible haplotypes may carry an allele (or separate alleles) which confers a susceptible effect on type 1 diabetes, whereas the protective haplotype contains an allele protective against IDDM. The 5′ region of the LRP5 gene lies within this interval, encompassing the 5′ regulatory regions of the LRP5 gene and exons 1 to 6.

›EXAMPLE 1 · 9 of 12

Analysis of the Italian and Sardinian haplotypes revealed an additional two susceptible haplotypes. At D11S1917-H0570POLYA in the Italian families haplotype 1-3, 63%T, 2×2 affected verses non-affecteds p=0.03 (haplotype D). At H0570POLYA -L3001 in the Sardinian families haplotype 1-2 58%T, 2×2 affected verses non-affecteds, p=0.05 (haplotype E).

Samples containing the above five haplotypes were genotyped with SNPs from the IDDM4 region in order to investigate regions of IBD (FIG. B). These SNPs confirmed the region of IBD between the susceptible haplotypes B and C between UT5620 and 14L15CA. It also confirmed the region of IBD between the protective and susceptible haplotypes A and B 3′ of marker D11S1337, excluding this region from containing the aetiological variant. The SNP analysis also revealed a potential region of IBD between UT5620 and TAA, between the susceptible haplotypes B, C, D and E, which is distinct from the protective haplotype A (a 25 kb region). The marker H0570POLYA lies within this interval, and is not identical in haplotype E compared to the other susceptible haplotypes; possibly this is due to mutation at this polymorphism, or it delineates a boundary within this region and the aetiological variant is either 5′ or 3′ of this marker. Further analysis of additional SNPs within this interval will be necessary.

Therefore haplotype mapping within the IDDM4 region has identified a region of IBD between the susceptible haplotypes B and C of 100 kb, in the 5′ region of the LRP5 gene. SNP haplotype mapping has possibly further delineated this to a 25 kb interval encompassing the 5′ region of LRP5 which includes possible regulatory sequences for this gene; a putative promoter, and regions of homology with the mouse syntenic region (Table 12), as well as exon 1 of LRP5.

Construction of Adenovirus Vectors Containing LRP5

The full-length human LRP5 gene was cloned into the adenovirus transfer vector pdelE1sp1A-CMV-bGHPA containing the human Cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter and the bovine growth hormone polyadenylation signal to create pdehlrp3. This vector was used to construct an adenovirus containing the LRP5 gene inserted into the E1 region of the virus directed towards the 5′ ITR. In order to accommodate a cDNA of this length, the E3 region has been completely deleted from the virus as it has been described for pBHG10 (Bett at al.1994 Proc Natl Acad Sci 91: 8802-8806) An identical strategy was used to construct an adenoviral vector containing the full-length mouse Lrp5 gene.

A soluble version of mouse Lrp5 was constructed in which a His tag and a translational stop signal replaced the putative transmembrane spanning domain (primers listed in Table 9 (SEQ ID NOS:49-74,334-402)). This should result in the secretion of the extracellular domain of Lrp5 and facilitate the biochemical characterization of the putative ligand binding domain of Lrp5. Similarly a soluble version of human LRP5 can be constructed using primers shown in Table 9 (SEQ ID NOS:49-74,334-402). The extracellular domain runs to amino acid 1385 of the precursor (immature) protein sequence.

Identification of LRP5 Ligands

LRP5 demonstrates the ablility to bind and take up LDL (see below), but this activity is not a high level. Therefore, it is likely that LRP5 has the capacity to bind additional ligand(s). To identify LRP5 ligands the extracellular domain consisting of the first 1399 amino acids of human LRP5, or the corresponding region of mouse Lrp5 will be purified. A number of expression systems can be used these include plasmid based systems in Drosophila S2 cells, yeast and E. coli and viral based systems in mammalian cells and SF9 insect cells. A histidine tag will be used to purify LRP5 on a nickel column (Novagen, Madison Wis.). A variety of resins may be used in column chromatography to further enrich soluble LRP5. LRP5 will be attached to a solid support e.g. a nickel column. Solutions containing ligands from serum fractions, urine fractions, or fractions from tissue extracts will be fractionated over the LRP5 column. LRP5 complexed with bound ligand will be eluted from the nickel column with imidizole. The nature of the ligand(s) bound to LRP5 will be characterized by gel electrophoresis, amino acid sequence, amino acid composition, gas chromatography, and mass spectrophotometer.

Attachment of purified LRP5 to a BiaCore 2000 (BiaCore, Uppsula Sweden) chip will be used to determine whether ligands that bind to LRP5 are present in test solutions. Once ligands for LRP5 are identified the LRP5 chip will be used to characterize the kinetics of the LRP5 ligand interaction.

Adenoviral vectors containing soluble versions of LRP5 will be used to infect animals, isolation of ligand/LRP5 complexes from serum or liver extracts will be facilitated by the use of a histidine tag and antibodies directed against this portion of LRP5.

Treatment of Animals with LRP5 virus

A wide range of species may be treated with adenovirus vectors carrying a transgene. Mice are the preferred species for performing experiments due to the availability of a number of genetically altered strains of mice, i.e. knockout, transgenic and inbred mice. However larger animals e.g. rats or rabbits may be used when appropriate. A preferred animal model to test the ability of LRP5 to modify the development of type 1 diabetes is the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. Preferred animal models for examination of a potential role for LRP5 in lipoprotein metabolism are mice in which members of the LDL-receptor family have been disrupted, e.g. the LDL-receptor (LDLR), or in which genes involved in lipoprotein metabolism, e.g. Apo-E, have been disrupted.

Adenoviruses are administered by injecting approximately 1×10 9 plaque forming units into the tail vein of a mouse. Based on previous studies this form of treatment results in the infection of hepatocytes at a relatively high frequency. Three different adenovirus treatments were prepared, 1.) adenovirus containing no insert (negative control), 2.) adenovirus containing human LDLR (positive control) or 3.) adenovirus containing human LRP5. Each of these viruses were used to infect five C57 wild type and five C57 LDLR knockout mice. A pretreatment bleed, 8 days prior to injection of the virus was used to examine serum chemistry values prior to treatment. The animals were injected with virus. On day five following administration of the virus a second (treatment) bleed was taken and the animals were euthanized for collection of serum for lipoprotein fractionation. In addition tissues were harvested for in situ analysis, immuno-histochemistry, and histopathology.

›EXAMPLE 1 · 10 of 12

Throughout the experiment, animals were maintained in a standard light/dark cycle and given a regular chow diet. The animals were fasted prior to serum collection. In certain experimental conditions it may be desirable to give animals a high fat diet.

Standard clinical serum chemistry assays were performed to determine; serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, urea nitrogen, and creatinine. Hematology was performed to examine the levels of circulating leukocytes, neutrophils, the percent lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils, erythrocytes, platelets, hemoglobin, and percent hematocrit.

Serum lipoproteins were fractionated into size classes using a Superose 6 FPLC sizing column and minor modifications of the procedure described by Gerdes et al. (Clin. Chim. Acta 205:1-9 (1992)), the most significant difference from the Gerdes procedure being that only one column was used. Column fractions were collected and analyzed for cholesterol and triglyceride. The “area under the curve” was calculated for each lipoprotein class. The approximate peak fractions that correspond to each of the classes defined by density are: fraction 24 for VLDL, fraction 36 for LDL and fraction 51 for HDL.

LRP5 Overexpression Affects Serum Triglycerides and Lipoproteins

Statistical analysis of serum chemistry data indicated that relative to control virus there was a 30% decrease, p value=0.025, in triglyceride levels in animals treated with LRP5 containing virus (Table 10). This decrease in triglycerides occurred at a similar level in both wild type and KO mice. By comparison, the LDLR virus reduced serum triglycerides approximately 55% relative to the contol virus. This result indicates that LRP5 has the potential to modulate serum triglyceride levels.

The serum lipoprotein profile indicated that the VLDL particle class was decreased in wild type mice treated with LRP5 virus. Although the number of samples analyzed was not sufficient for statistical analyses, this result is consistent with the observed decrease in serum triglycerides. These results suggest that LRP5 has the potential to bind and internalize lipid rich particles, causing the decrease in serum triglycerides and VLDL particles. Therefore treatment with LRP5 or with therapeutic agents that increase the expression of LRP5 or the biological activity of LRP5 may be useful in reducing lipid rich particles and triglycerides in patients with diseases that increase triglyceride levels, e.g. type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Although not statistically significant there was an observed trend towards a reduction in serum cholesterol levels as a consequence of LRP5 treatment (28%, p=0.073) in mice that have a high level of serum cholesterol (approximately 220 mg/dL), due to a disruption (knockout) of the LDL-receptor (Table 10). An opposite trend, in that LRP5 treatment elevated serum cholesterol (30%, p=0.08) was not observed in wild type mice which have a relatively low level of serum cholesterol (approximately 70 mg/dL). The small treatment groups, n=4, in these data sets limits the interpretation of these results and indicates that further experimentation is necessary. Nevertheless, these results suggest that in a state of elevated cholesterol an increase in the activity of LRP5 might reduce serum cholesterol levels. Therefore treatment with LRP5 or with therapeutic agents that increase either the expression of LRP5 or the biological activity of LRP5 may be useful in reducing cholesterol in patients with hypercholesterolemia.

LRP5 Overexpression May Affect Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Levels

Serum alkaline phosphatase levels can be dramatically elevated, e.g. 20 fold increase, as a consequence of an obstruction of the bile duct (Jaffe, M. S. and Mcvan, B., 1997, Davis's laboratory and diagnostic test handbook. pub. F. A. Davis Philadelphia Pa.). However, lower levels, up to a three fold increase of alkaline phosphatase can result from the inflammatory response that take place in response to an infectious agent in the liver, e.g. adenovirus. In animals treated with a control virus there was an approximately 2-fold increase in alkaline phosphatase levels. In contrast, there was only a slight increase in alkaline phophatase levels in animals treated with the LRP5 virus. Relative to the control the alkaline phosphatase level was reduced 49% in the LRP5 treated animals, p value=0.001 (Table 10).

The increase in alkaline phosphatase levels may be a consequence of the level of infection with the adenovirus, therefore, a possible explanation for the decrease in the animals treated with the LRP5 virus may simply be due to less virus in this treatment group. An indicator of the level of the viral infection is the appearance in the serum of the liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. These enzymes are normally found in the cytoplasm of cells and elevated in the serum when cellular damage occurs (Jaffe, M. S. and McVan, B., 1997, Davis's laboratory and diagnostic test handbook. pub. F. A. Davis Philadelphia Pa.). Therefore these enzymes serve as markers for the level of toxicity that is a consequence of the adenoviral infection. These enzymes are present at a normally low level prior to the infection and in animals that did not receive virus. Importantly, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase are higher in the animals given the LRP5 virus indicating that these animals have more cellular damage and thus a more extensive infection than the animals given the control virus (Table 11). Therefore, it is unlikely that the reduced level of alkaline phosphatase is simply owing to less LRP5 virus being administered. A second possible explanation is that LRP5 modifies the nature of the inflammatory response resulting from the adenovirus infection. A possible role for LRP5 in modulating the inflammatory response is consistent with the genetic data indicating that this gene is associated with risk for developing type 1 diabetes. Chronic insulitis or inflammation is a precursor to clinical onset of type 1 diabetes therefore LRP5 treatment or treatment with therapeutic agents that either increase the transcription of LRP5 may be of utility in preventing type 1 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease, therefore treatment with LRP5 or with therapeutics agents that either increase the expression of LRP5 or the biological activity of LRP5 may be useful in treating other autoimmune diseases.

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Expression of LRP5 in Cell Lines

Overexpression of LRP5 under the control of a heterologous promoter can be accomplished either by infection with an adenovirus containing LRP5 or by transfection with a plasmid vector containing LRP5. Transfection with a plasmid vector can lead to either transient or a stable expression of the transgene.

Endogenous LDL-receptors reduce the ability to detect the uptake of LDL by other members of the LDL-receptor family. To study lipoprotein uptake in the absence of the LDL-receptor, primary cell lines from human patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) were used. These FH cell lines lack any endogenous LDL-receptor. FH fibroblasts were infected at an MOI of 500 plaque forming units per cell for 24 hours at 37° C. Following infection, cells were incubated with 40 μg/ml 125 I-LDL at 37° C. After 4 hours, cells were washed and uptake of LDL measured. A modest (approximately 60%) increase in the level of LDL uptake was observed. By comparison, the infection of FH cells with an adenovirus containing the LDL-receptor resulted in a 20-fold increase in LDL uptake (p<0.0001, n=3). To determine whether this modest level of activity mediated by LRP5 was statistically significant, 24 individual wells were infected with LRP5 virus and analyzed. Statistical analysis of this experiment indicated that the increase in LDL uptake was highly signficant, p<0.0001. Therefore LRP5 can mediate LDL uptake. However, based on the modest level of activity, relative to the LDL-receptor, it does not appear that the primary activity of LRP5 is to mediate the uptake of LDL.

Additional cell lines exist that lack either the LDL-receptor or other members of the LDL-receptor family. The PEA-13 cell line (ATCC 2216-CRL) lacks the LRP1 receptor. Mutant CHO cells lacking the LDL receptor have been described by Kingsley and Krieger (Proceedings National Academy Sciences USA (1984) 81:5454). This cell line, known as 1dlA7, is particularly useful for the creation of stable transfectant cell lines expressing recombinant LRP5.

Anti-LRP5 Antibodies

Western Blot Analysis

Antisera prepared in rabbits immunized with the human LRP5 MAP peptides

SYFHLFPPPPSPCTDSS (SEQ ID NO:403)

VDGRQNIKRAKDDGT (SEQ ID NO:404)

EVLFTTGLIRPVALVVDN (SEQ ID NO:405)

IQGHLDFVMDILVFHS (SEQ ID NO:406)

were evaluated by Western blot analysis.

COS cells were infected with an adenovirus containing human LRP5 cDNA. Three days after the infection the cells were harvested by scraping into phosphate buffered saline (Gibco/BRL Gaithersburg, Md.) containing the protease inhibitors PMSF (100 ug/ml), aprotinin (2 ug /ml), and pepstatin A (1 ug/ml). The cells were pelleted by a low speed spin, resuspended in phosphate buffered saline containing protease inhibitors and lysed by Dounce homogenization. Nuclei were removed with a low speed spin, 1000 rpm for 5 min in a Beckman J-9 rotor. The supernatant was collected and centrifuged at high speed, 100,000×g for 3 hours, to pellet the membranes. Membranes were resuspended in SDS-sample buffer (Novex, San Diego Calif.).

Membrane proteins were fractionated by electrophoresis on a 10% Tris-glycine acrylamide gel (Novex, San Diego Calif.). The fractionated proteins were transferred to PVDF paper (Novex, San Diego Calif.) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Standard Western blot analysis was performed on the membrane with the primary antibody being a 1:200 dilution of crude antisera and the secondary antibody a 1:3000 dilution of antirabbit IgG HRP conjugate (Amersham, Arlington Heights, Ill.). ECL reagents (Amersham, Arlington Heights, Ill.) were used to visualize proteins recognized by the antibodies present in the sera.

A band of approximately 170-180 kD was detected by sera from a rabbit immunized with the peptide SYFHLFPPPPSPCTDSS (SEQ ID NO:403). This band was only detected in the cells that were infected with the adenovirus containing human LRP5 and was not present in cells that were infected with a control virus. Furthermore, the detection of this 170 kD band was blocked by preadsorbing a 1:500 dilution of the sera with 0.1 ug/ml of the peptide SYFHLFPPPPSPCTDSS (SEQ ID NO:403) but not with 0.1 ug/ml of the peptide VDGRQNIKRPAKDDGT (SEQ ID NOS:404). Therefore this protein band of approximately 170 kD detected by the antibody directed against the peptide SYFHLFPPPPSPCTDSS (SEQ ID NO:403) is human LRP5. The predicted size of the mature human LRP5 protein is 176 kD.

The antisera from a rabbit immunized with the peptide SYFHLFPPPPSPCTDSS (SEQ ID NO:403) was affinity purified with an Affigel 10 column (BioRad, Hercules Calif.) to which the MAP peptide SYFHLFPPPPSPCTDSS (SEQ ID NO:403) was covalently attatched. This results in antisera with greater specificity for LRP5.

The antisera from a rabbit immunized with the peptide IQGHLDFVMDILVFHS (SEQ ID NOS:406) is able to detect a band of approximately 170 kD that is present in cells infected with an LRP5 containing virus but not cells infected with a control virus. This antibody recognizes a peptide that is present in the putative extracellular domain of LRP5 and thus will be useful in detecting the soluble version of LRP5. However, there is greater background observed when using this antisera relative to that from the rabbit immunized with the peptide SYFHLFPPPPSPCTDSS (SEQ ID NO:403).

LRP5 is Expressed in Tissue Macrophages

The crude and affinity purified antisera to the LRP5 peptide SYFHLFPPPPSPCTDSS (SEQ ID NO:403) was used for immunocytochemistry studies in human liver. The antibody recognized tissue macrophages, termed Kupfer cells in the liver, that stained positive for LRP5 and positive for the marker RFD7 (Harlan Bioproducts, Indianapolis Ind.) which recognizes mature tissue phagocytes and negative for an MHC class II marker, RFD1 (Harlan Bioproducts, Indianapolis Ind.). This pattern of staining (RFD1−RFD7+) identifies a subpopulation of macrophages, the effector phagocytes. This class of macrophages has been implicated in the progression of disease in a model for autoimmune disease, experimental autoimmune neuritis (Jung. S. et al., 1993, J Neurol Sci 119: 195-202). The expression in phagocytic tissue macrophages supports a role for LRP3 in modulating the inflammatory component of the immune response. This result is consistent with the proposed role based on the differences observed in alkaline phoshatase levels in animals treated with LRP5 virus and the genetic data indicating that LRP5 is a diabetes risk gene. Determination of additional conserved regions of the LRP5 gene

›EXAMPLE 1 · 12 of 12

High throughput DNA sequencing of shotgun libraries prepared from mouse BAC clones 131-p-15 and 53-d-8 was used to identify regions of the LRP5 gene that are conserved between mouse and man. To identify these regions the mouse-genomic DNA, either unassembled sequences or assembled contigs, was compared against an assembly of human genomic DNA. The comparison was done by using the BLAST algorithm with a cutoff of 80%. This analysis resulted in the identification of a majority of the exons of the LRP5 gene and identified a number of patches of conserved sequences at other locations in the gene (Table 12).

There are sequences conserved between human and mouse located 4.3 kb and 168 bp upstream of the putative ATG. These sequences may represent 5′ untranslated sequences of the mRNA transcript or promoter elements.

Within the putative first intron of 36 kb there are twelve patches that exhibit a degree of DNA sequence conservation. Some of these regions, e.g. 41707-41903, are quite extensive and have a high degreee of sequence conservation, similar to that observed for the exons of the LRP5 gene. Since these regions do not appear to be transcribed it is likely that these conserved regions play a role in regulating either the transcription of the LRP5 gene or the processing of the LRP5 mRNA transcript. Regardless of exact nature of their role these newly identified regions represent areas where sequence polymorphism may affect the biological activity of LRP5.

The BAC clone 131-p-15 which contains the first two exons of LRP5 was sequenced extensively, i.e. approximately 6× coverage. BAC clone 53-d-8 contains sequences from exon D to exon V, however the level of sequence coverage of this clone was only approximately 1× (skim sequencing). The skim sequencing of mouse BAC 53-d-8 resulted in 76% of the exons being detected, however in some instances only a portion of an exon was present in the mouse sequence data. In addition to the exons, there were three patches in the BAC 53-d-8 sequences that exhibited a degree of sequence conservation with the human sequences (Table 12). All of these were located in the large 20 kb intron between exons D and E. These sequences may represent regions that are important for the processing of this large intron and thus polymorphisms in these sequences may affect the expression level of LRP5.

Determination of Relative Abundance of Alternatively Spliced LRP5 mRNA Transcripts

Several techniques may be used to determine the relative abundance of the different alternatively spliced isoforms of LRP5.

Northern blot analysis of probes derived from specific transcripts is used to survey tissues for the abundance of a particular transcript. More sensitive techniques such as RNase protection assays will be performed. Reagents from commercially available kits (Ambion, Inc. Austin Tex.) are used to prepare probes. The relative abundance of transcript that hybridizes to a probe radiolabeled with [alpha]32P-UTP is analyzed by native and denaturing acrylamide gels (Novex Inc., San Diego, Calif.). Primer extension assays are performed according to established procedures (Sambrook et. al. (1989) Molecular Cloning, Cold Spring Harbour Press, New York) using reverse primers derived from the 5′ portion of the transcript.

Isolation of Other Species Homologs of LRP5 Gene

The LRP5 gene from different species, e.g. rat, dog, are isolated by screening of a cDNA library with portions of the gene that have been obtained from cDNA of the species of interest using PCR primers designed from the human LRP5 sequence. Degenerate PCR is performed by designing primers of 17-20 nucleotides with 32-128 fold degeneracy by selecting regions that code for amino acids that have low codon degeneracy e.g. Met and Trp. When selecting these primers preference is given to regions that are conserved in the protein e.g. the motifs shown in FIG. 6 b. PCR products are analyzed by DNA sequence analysis to confirm their similarity to human LRP5. The correct product is used to screen cDNA libraries by colony or plaque hybridization at high stringency. Alternatively probes derived directly from the human LRP5 gene are utilized to isolate the cDNA sequence of LRP5 from different species by hybridization at reduced stringency. A cDNA library is generated as described above.

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ATGGAGCCCG AGTGAGCGCG GCGCGGGCCC GTCCGGCCGC CGGACAACAT GGAGGCAGCG 60

CCGCCCGGGC CGCCGTGGCC GCTGCTGCTG CTGCTGCTGC TGCTGCTGGC GCTGTGCGGC 120

TGCCCGGCCC CCGCCGCGGC CTCGCCGCTC CTGCTATTTG CCAACCGCCG GGACGTACGG 180

CTGGTGGACG CCGGCGGAGT CAAGCTGGAG TCCACCATCG TGGTCAGCGG CCTGGAGGAT 240

GCGGCCGCAG TGGACTTCCA GTTTTCCAAG GGAGCCGTGT ACTGGACAGA CGTGAGCGAG 300

GAGGCCATCA AGCAGACCTA CCTGAACCAG ACGGGGGCCG CCGTGCAGAA CGTGGTCATC 360

TCCGGCCTGG TCTCTCCCGA CGGCCTCGCC TGCGACTGGG TGGGCAAGAA GCTGTACTGG 420

ACGGACTCAG AGACCAACCG CATCGAGGTG GCCAACCTCA ATGGCACATC CCGGAAGGTG 480

CTCTTCTGGC AGGACCTTGA CCAGCCGAGG GCCATCGCCT TGGACCCCGC TCACGGGTAC 540

ATGTACTGGA CAGACTGGGG TGAGACGCCC CGGATTGAGC GGGCAGGGAT GGATGGCAGC 600

ACCCGGAAGA TCATTGTGGA CTCGGACATT TACTGGCCCA ATGGACTGAC CATCGACCTG 660

GAGGAGCAGA AGCTCTACTG GGCTGACGCC AAGCTCAGCT TCATCCACCG TGCCAACCTG 720

GACGGCTCGT TCCGGCAGAA GGTGGTGGAG GGCAGCCTGA CGCACCCCTT CGCCCTGACG 780

CTCTCCGGGG ACACTCTGTA CTGGACAGAC TGGCAGACCC GCTCCATCCA TGCCTGCAAC 840

AAGCGCACTG GGGGGAAGAG GAAGGAGATC CTGAGTGCCC TCTACTCACC CATGGACATC 900

CAGGTGCTGA GCCAGGAGCG GCAGCCTTTC TTCCACACTC GCTGTGAGGA GGACAATGGC 960

GGCTGCTCCC ACCTGTGCCT GCTGTCCCCA AGCGAGCCTT TCTACACATG CGCCTGCCCC 1020

ACGGGTGTGC AGCTGCAGGA CAACGGCAGG ACGTGTAAGG CAGGAGCCGA GGAGGTGCTG 1080

CTGCTGGCCC GGCGGACGGA CCTACGGAGG ATCTCGCTGG ACACGCCGGA CTTTACCGAC 1140

ATCGTGCTGC AGGTGGACGA CATCCGGCAC GCCATTGCCA TCGACTACGA CCCGCTAGAG 1200

GGCTATGTCT ACTGGACAGA TGACGAGGTG CGGGCCATCC GCAGGGCGTA CCTGGACGGG 1260

TCTGGGGCGC AGACGCTGGT CAACACCGAG ATCAACGACC CCGATGGCAT CGCGGTCGAC 1320

TGGGTGGCCC GAAACCTCTA CTGGACCGAC ACGGGCACGG ACCGCATCGA GGTGACGCGC 1380

CTCAACGGCA CCTCCCGCAA GATCCTGGTG TCGGAGGACC TGGACGAGCC CCGAGCCATC 1440

GCACTGCACC CCGTGATGGG CCTCATGTAC TGGACAGACT GGGGAGAGAA CCCTAAAATC 1500

GAGTGTGCCA ACTTGGATGG GCAGGAGCGG CGTGTGCTGG TCAATGCCTC CCTCGGGTGG 1560

CCCAACGGCC TGGCCCTGGA CCTGCAGGAG GGGAAGCTCT ACTGGGGAGA CGCCAAGACA 1620

GACAAGATCG AGGTGATCAA TGTTGATGGG ACGAAGAGGC GGACCCTCCT GGAGGACAAG 1680

CTCCCGCACA TTTTCGGGTT CACGCTGCTG GGGGACTTCA TCTACTGGAC TGACTGGCAG 1740

CGCCGCAGCA TCGAGCGGGT GCACAAGGTC AAGGCCAGCC GGGACGTCAT CATTGACCAG 1800

CTGCCCGACC TGATGGGGCT CAAAGCTGTG AATGTGGCCA AGGTCGTCGG AACCAACCCG 1860

TGTGCGGACA GGAACGGGGG GTGCAGCCAC CTGTGCTTCT TCACACCCCA CGCAACCCGG 1920

TGTGGCTGCC CCATCGGCCT GGAGCTGCTG AGTGACATGA AGACCTGCAT CGTGCCTGAG 1980

GCCTTCTTGG TCTTCACCAG CAGAGCCGCC ATCCACAGGA TCTCCCTCGA GACCAATAAC 2040

AACGACGTGC CATCCCGCTC ACGGGCGTCA AGGAGGCCTC AGCCCTGGAC TTTGATGTGT 2100

CCAACAACCA CATCTACTGG ACAGACGTCA GCCTGAAGAC CATCAGCCGC GCCTTCATGA 2160

ACGGGAGCTC GGTGGAGCAC GTGGTGGAGT TTGGCCTTGA CTACCCCGAG GGCATGGCCG 2220

TTGACTGGAT GGGCAAGAAC CTCTACTGGG CCGACACTGG GACCAACAGA ATCGAAGTGG 2280

CGCGGCTGGA CGGGCAGTTC CGGCAAGTCC TCGTGTGGAG GGACTTGGAC AACCCGAGGT 2340

CGCTGGCCCT GGATCCCACC AAGGGCTACA TCTACTGGAC CGAGTGGGGC GGCAAGCCGA 2400

GGATCGTGCG GGCCTTCATG GACGGGACCA ACTGCATGAC GCTGGTGGAC AAGGTGGGCC 2460

GGGCCAACGA CCTCACCATT GACTACGCTG ACCAGCGCCT CTACTGGACC GACCTGGACA 2520

CCAACATGAT CGAGTCGTCC AACATGCTGG GTCAGGAGCG GGTCGTGATT GCCGACGATC 2580

TCCCGCACCC GTTCGGTCTG ACGCAGTACA GCGATTATAT CTACTGGACA GACTGGAATC 2640

TGCACAGCAT TGAGCGGGCC GACAAGACTA GCGGCCGGAA CCGCACCCTC ATCCAGGGCC 2700

ACCTGGACTT CGTGATGGAC ATCCTGGTGT TCCACTCCTC CCGCCAGGAT GGCCTCAATG 2760

ACTGTATGCA CAACAACGGG CAGTGTGGGC AGCTGTGCCT TGCCATCCCC GGCGGCCACC 2820

GCTGCGGCTG CGCCTCACAC TACACCCTGG ACCCCAGCAG CCGCAACTGC AGCCCGCCCA 2880

CCACCTTCTT GCTGTTCAGC CAGAAATCTG CCATCAGTCG GATGATCCCG GACGACCAGC 2940

ACAGCCCGGA TCTCATCCTG CCCCTGCATG GACTGAGGAA CGTCAAAGCC ATCGACTATG 3000

ACCCACTGGA CAAGTTCATC TACTGGGTGG ATGGGCGCCA GAACATCAAG CGAGCCAAGG 3060

ACGACGGGAC CCAGCCCTTT GTTTTGACCT CTCTGAGCCA AGGCCAAAAC CCAGACAGGC 3120

AGCCCCACGA CCTCAGCATC GACATCTACA GCCGGACACT GTTCTGGACG TGCGAGGCCA 3180

CCAATACCAT CAACGTCCAC AGGCTGAGCG GGGAAGCCAT GGGGGTGGTG CTGCGTGGGG 3240

ACCGCGACAA GCCCAGGGCC ATCGTCGTCA ACGCGGAGCG AGGGTACCTG TACTTCACCA 3300

ACATGCAGGA CCGGGCAGCC AAGATCGAAC GCGCAGCCCT GGACGGCACC GAGCGCGAGG 3360

TCCTCTTCAC CACCGGCCTC ATCCGCCCTG TGGCCCTGGT GGTAGACAAC ACACTGGGCA 3420

AGCTGTTCTG GGTGGACGCG GACCTGAAGC GCATTGAGAG CTGTGACCTG TCAGGGGCCA 3480

ACCGCCTGAC CCTGGAGGAC GCCAACATCG TGCAGCCTCT GGGCCTGACC ATCCTTGGCA 3540

AGCATCTCTA CTGGATCGAC CGCCAGCAGC AGATGATCGA GCGTGTGGAG AAGACCACCG 3600

GGGACAAGCG GACTCGCATC CAGGGCCGTG TCGCCCACCT CACTGGCATC CATGCAGTGG 3660

AGGAAGTCAG CCTGGAGGAG TTCTCAGCCC ACCCATGTGC CCGTGACAAT GGTGGCTGCT 3720

›REFERENCES · 2 of 30

CCCACATCTG TATTGCCAAG GGTGATGGGA CACCACGGTG CTCATGCCCA GTCCACCTCG 3780

TGCTCCTGCA GAACCTGCTG ACCTGTGGAG AGCCGCCCAC CTGCTCCCCG GACCAGTTTG 3840

CATGTGCCAC AGGGGAGATC GACTGTATCC CCGGGGCCTG GCGCTGTGAC GGCTTTCCCG 3900

AGTGCGATGA CCAGAGCGAC GAGGAGGGCT GCCCCGTGTG CTCCGCCGCC CAGTTCCCCT 3960

GCGCGCGGGG TCAGTGTGTG GACCTGCGCC TGCGCTGCGA CGGCGAGGCA GACTGTCAGG 4020

ACCGCTCAGA CGAGGCGGAC TGTGACGCCA TCTGCCTGCC CAACCAGTTC CGGTGTGCGA 4080

GCGGCCAGTG TGTCCTATCA AACAGCAGTG CGACTCCTTC CCCGACTGTA TCGACGGCTC 4140

CGACGAGCTC ATGTGTGAAA TCACCAAGCC GCCCTCAGAC GACAGCCCGG CCCACAGCAG 4200

TGCCATCGGG CCCGTCATTG GCATCATCCT CTCTCTCTTC GTCATGGGTG GTGTCTATTT 4260

TGTGTGCCAG CGCGTGGTGT GCCAGCGCTA TGCGGGGGCC AACGGGCCCT TCCCGCACGA 4320

GTATGTCAGC GGGACCCCGC ACGTGCCCCT CAATTTCATA GCCCCGGGCG GTTCCCAGCA 4380

TGGCCCCTTC ACAGGCATCG CATGCGGAAA GTCCATGATG AGCTCCGTGA GCCTGATGGG 4440

GGGCCGGGGC GGGGTGCCCC TCTACGACCG GAACCACGTC ACAGGGGCCT CGTCCAGCAG 4500

CTCGTCCAGC ACGAAGGCCA CGCTGTACCC GCCGATCCTG AACCCGCCGC CCTCCCCGGC 4560

CACGGACCCC TCCCTGTACA ACATGGACAT GTTCTACTCT TCAAACATTC CGGCCACTGT 4620

GAGACCGTAC AGGCCCTACA TCATTCGAGG AATGGCGCCC CCGACGACGC CCTGCAGCAC 4680

CGACGTGTGT GACAGCGACT ACAGCGCCAG CCGCTGGAAG GCCAGCAAGT ACTACCTGGA 4740

TTTGAACTCG GACTCAGACC CCTATCCACC CCCACCCACG CCCCACAGCC AGTACCTGTC 4800

GGCGGAGGAC AGCTGCCCGC CCTCGCCCGC CACCGAGAGG AGCTACTTCC ATCTCTTCCC 4860

GCCCCCTCCG TCCCCCTGCA CGGACTCATC CTGACCTCGG CCGGGCCACT CTGGCTTCTC 4920

TGTGCCCCTG TAAATAGTTT TAAATATGAA CAAAGAAAAA AATATATTTT ATGATTTAAA 4980

AAATAAATAT AATTGGGATT TTAAAAACAT GAGAAATGTG AACTGTGATG GGGTGGGCAG 5040

GGCTGGGAGA ACTTTGTACA GTGGAACAAA TATTTATAAA CTTAATTTTG TAAAACAG 5098

4843 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

2

ATGGAGGCAG CGCCGCCCGG GCCGCCGTGG CCGCTGCTGC TGCTGCTGCT GCTGCTGCTG 60

GCGCTGTGCG GCTGCCCGGC CCCCGCCGCG GCCTCGCCGC TCCTGCTATT TGCCAACCGC 120

CGGGACGTAC GGCTGGTGGA CGCCGGCGGA GTCAAGCTGG AGTCCACCAT CGTGGTCAGC 180

GGCCTGGAGG ATGCGGCCGC AGTGGACTTC CAGTTTTCCA AGGGAGCCGT GTACTGGACA 240

GACGTGAGCG AGGAGGCCAT CAAGCAGACC TACCTGAACC AGACGGGGGC CGCCGTGCAG 300

AACGTGGTCA TCTCCGGCCT GGTCTCTCCC GACGGCCTCG CCTGCGACTG GGTGGGCAAG 360

AAGCTGTACT GGACGGACTC AGAGACCAAC CGCATCGAGG TGGCCAACCT CAATGGCACA 420

TCCCGGAAGG TGCTCTTCTG GCAGGACCTT GACCAGCCGA GGGCCATCGC CTTGGACCCC 480

GCTCACGGGT ACATGTACTG GACAGACTGG GGTGAGACGC CCCGGATTGA GCGGGCAGGG 540

ATGGATGGCA GCACCCGGAA GATCATTGTG GACTCGGACA TTTACTGGCC CAATGGACTG 600

ACCATCGACC TGGAGGAGCA GAAGCTCTAC TGGGCTGACG CCAAGCTCAG CTTCATCCAC 660

CGTGCCAACC TGGACGGCTC GTTCCGGCAG AAGGTGGTGG AGGGCAGCCT GACGCACCCC 720

TTCGCCCTGA CGCTCTCCGG GGACACTCTG TACTGGACAG ACTGGCAGAC CCGCTCCATC 780

CATGCCTGCA ACAAGCGCAC TGGGGGGAAG AGGAAGGAGA TCCTGAGTGC CCTCTACTCA 840

CCCATGGACA TCCAGGTGCT GAGCCAGGAG CGGCAGCCTT TCTTCCACAC TCGCTGTGAG 900

GAGGACAATG GCGGCTGCTC CCACCTGTGC CTGCTGTCCC CAAGCGAGCC TTTCTACACA 960

TGCGCCTGCC CCACGGGTGT GCAGCTGCAG GACAACGGCA GGACGTGTAA GGCAGGAGCC 1020

GAGGAGGTGC TGCTGCTGGC CCGGCGGACG GACCTACGGA GGATCTCGCT GGACACGCCG 1080

GACTTTACCG ACATCGTGCT GCAGGTGGAC GACATCCGGC ACGCCATTGC CATCGACTAC 1140

GACCCGCTAG AGGGCTATGT CTACTGGACA GATGACGAGG TGCGGGCCAT CCGCAGGGCG 1200

TACCTGGACG GGTCTGGGGC GCAGACGCTG GTCAACACCG AGATCAACGA CCCCGATGGC 1260

ATCGCGGTCG ACTGGGTGGC CCGAAACCTC TACTGGACCG ACACGGGCAC GGACCGCATC 1320

GAGGTGACGC GCCTCAACGG CACCTCCCGC AAGATCCTGG TGTCGGAGGA CCTGGACGAG 1380

CCCCGAGCCA TCGCACTGCA CCCCGTGATG GGCCTCATGT ACTGGACAGA CTGGGGAGAG 1440

AACCCTAAAA TCGAGTGTGC CAACTTGGAT GGGCAGGAGC GGCGTGTGCT GGTCAATGCC 1500

TCCCTCGGGT GGCCCAACGG CCTGGCCCTG GACCTGCAGG AGGGGAAGCT CTACTGGGGA 1560

GACGCCAAGA CAGACAAGAT CGAGGTGATC AATGTTGATG GGACGAAGAG GCGGACCCTC 1620

CTGGAGGACA AGCTCCCGCA CATTTTCGGG TTCACGCTGC TGGGGGACTT CATCTACTGG 1680

ACTGACTGGC AGCGCCGCAG CATCGAGCGG GTGCACAAGG TCAAGGCCAG CCGGGACGTC 1740

ATCATTGACC AGCTGCCCGA CCTGATGGGG CTCAAAGCTG TGAATGTGGC CAAGGTCGTC 1800

GGAACCAACC CGTGTGCGGA CAGGAACGGG GGGTGCAGCC ACCTGTGCTT CTTCACACCC 1860

CACGCAACCC GGTGTGGCTG CCCCATCGGC CTGGAGCTGC TGAGTGACAT GAAGACCTGC 1920

ATCGTGCCTG AGGCCTTCTT GGTCTTCACC AGCAGAGCCG CCATCCACAG GATCTCCCTC 1980

GAGACCAATA ACAACGACGT GGCCATCCCG CTCACGGGCG TCAAGGAGGC CTCAGCCCTG 2040

GACTTTGAGT GTCCAACAAC CACATCTACT GGACAGACGT CAGCCTGAAG ACCATCAGCC 2100

GCGCCTTCAT GAACGGGAGC TCGGTGGAGC ACGTGGTGGA GTTTGGCCTT GACTACCCCG 2160

AGGGCATGGC CGTTGACTGG ATGGGCAAGA ACCTCTACTG GGCCGACACT GGGACCAACA 2220

GAATCGAAGT GGCGCGGCTG GACGGGCAGT TCCGGCAAGT CCTCGTGTGG AGGGACTTGG 2280

ACAACCCGAG GTCGCTGGCC CTGGATCCCA CCAAGGGCTA CATCTACTGG ACCGAGTGGG 2340

GCGGCAAGCC GAGGATCGTG CGGGCCTTCA TGGACGGGAC CAACTGCATG ACGCTGGTGG 2400

ACAAGGTGGG CCGGGCCAAC GACCTCACCA TTGACTACGC TGACCAGCGC CTCTACTGGA 2460

CCGACCTGGA CACCAACATG ATCGAGTCGT CCAACATGCT GGGTCAGGAG CGGGTCGTGA 2520

TTGCCGACGA TCTCCCGCAC CCGTTCGGTC TGACGCAGTA CAGCGATTAT ATCTACTGGA 2580

CAGACTGGAA TCTGCACAGC ATTGAGCGGG CCGACAAGAC TAGCGGCCGG AACCGCACCC 2640

TCATCCAGGG CCACCTGGAC TTCGTGATGG ACATCCTGGT GTTCCACTCC TCCCGCCAGG 2700

ATGGCCTCAA TGACTGTATG CACAACAACG GGCAGTGTGG GCAGCTGTGC CTTGCCATCC 2760

CCGGCGGCCA CCGCTGCGGC TGCGCCTCAC ACTACACCCT GGACCCCAGC AGCCGCAACT 2820

GCAGCCCGCC CACCACCTTC TTGCTGTTCA GCCAGAAATC TGCCATCAGT CGGATGATCC 2880

CGGACGACCA GCACAGCCCG GATCTCATCC TGCCCCTGCA TGGACTGAGG AACGTCAAAG 2940

CCATCGACTA TGACCCACTG GACAAGTTCA TCTACTGGGT GGATGGGCGC CAGAACATCA 3000

AGCGAGCCAA GGACGACGGG ACCCAGCCCT TTGTTTTGAC CTCTCTGAGC CAAGGCCAAA 3060

ACCCAGACAG GCAGCCCCAC GACCTCAGCA TCGACATCTA CAGCCGGACA CTGTTCTGGA 3120

CGTGCGAGGC CACCAATACC ATCAACGTCC ACAGGCTGAG CGGGGAAGCC ATGGGGGTGG 3180

TGCTGCGTGG GGACCGCGAC AAGCCCAGGG CCATCGTCGT CAACGCGGAG CGAGGGTACC 3240

TGTACTTCAC CAACATGCAG GACCGGGCAG CCAAGATCGA ACGCGCAGCC CTGGACGGCA 3300

CCGAGCGCGA GGTCCTCTTC ACCACCGGCC TCATCCGCCC TGTGGCCCTG GTGGTAGACA 3360

ACACACTGGG CAAGCTGTTC TGGGTGGACG CGGACCTGAA GCGCATTGAG AGCTGTGACC 3420

TGTCAGGGGC CAACCGCCTG ACCCTGGAGG ACGCCAACAT CGTGCAGCCT CTGGGCCTGA 3480

CCATCCTTGG CAAGCATCTC TACTGGATCG ACCGCCAGCA GCAGATGATC GAGCGTGTGG 3540

AGAAGACCAC CGGGGACAAG CGGACTCGCA TCCAGGGCCG TGTCGCCCAC CTCACTGGCA 3600

TCCATGCAGT GGAGGAAGTC AGCCTGGAGG AGTTCTCAGC CCACCCATGT GCCCGTGACA 3660

ATGGTGGCTG CTCCCACATC TGTATTGCCA AGGGTGATGG GACACCACGG TGCTCATGCC 3720

CAGTCCACCT CGTGCTCCTG CAGAACCTGC TGACCTGTGG AGAGCCGCCC ACCTGCTCCC 3780

›REFERENCES · 3 of 30

CGGACCAGTT TGCATGTGCC ACAGGGGAGA TCGACTGTAT CCCCGGGGCC TGGCGCTGTG 3840

ACGGCTTTCC CGAGTGCGAT GACCAGAGCG ACGAGGAGGG CTGCCCCGTG TGCTCCGCCG 3900

CCCAGTTCCC CTGCGCGCGG GGTCAGTGTG TGGACCTGCG CCTGCGCTGC GACGGCGAGG 3960

CAGACTGTCA GGACCGCTCA GACGAGGCGG ACTGTGACGC CATCTGCCTG CCCAACCAGT 4020

TCCGGTGTGC GAGCGGCCAG TGTGTCCTCA TCAAACAGCA GTGCGACTCC TTCCCCGACT 4080

GTATCGACGG CTCCGAGAGC TCATGTGTGA AATCACCAAG CCGCCCTCAG ACGACAGCCC 4140

GGCCCACAGC AGTGCCATCG GGCCCGTCAT TGGCATCATC CTCTCTCTCT TCGTCATGGG 4200

TGGTGTCTAT TTTGTGTGCC AGCGCGTGGT GTGCCAGCGC TATGCGGGGG CCAACGGGCC 4260

CTTCCCGCAC GAGTATGTCA GCGGGACCCC GCACGTGCCC CTCAATTTCA TAGCCCCGGG 4320

CGGTTCCCAG CATGGCCCCT TCACAGGCAT CGCATGCGGA AAGTCCATGA TGAGCTCCGT 4380

GAGCCTGATG GGGGGCCGGG GCGGGGTGCC CCTCTACGAC CGGAACCACG TCACAGGGGC 4440

CTCGTCCAGC AGCTCGTCCA GCACGAAGGC CACGCTGTAC CCGCCGATCC TGAACCCGCC 4500

GCCCTCCCCG GCCACGGACC CCTCCCTGTA CAACATGGAC ATGTTCTACT CTTCAAACAT 4560

TCCGGCCACT GTGAGACCGT ACAGGCCCTA CATCATTCGA GGAATGGCGC CCCCGACGAC 4620

GCCCTGCAGC ACCGACGTGT GTGACAGCGA CTACAGCGCC AGCCGCTGGA AGGCCAGCAA 4680

GTACTACCTG GATTTGAACT CGGACTCAGA CCCCTATCCA CCCCCACCCA CGCCCCACAG 4740

CCAGTACCTG TCGGCGGAGG ACAGCTGCCC GCCCTCGCCC GCCACCGAGA GGAGCTACTT 4800

CCATCTCTTC CCGCCCCCTC CGTCCCCCTG CACGGACTCA TCC 4843

1615 amino acids

amino acid

linear

3

Met Glu Ala Ala Pro Pro Gly Pro Pro Trp Pro Leu Leu Leu Leu Leu

1 5 10 15

Leu Leu Leu Leu Ala Leu Cys Gly Cys Pro Ala Pro Ala Ala Ala Ser

20 25 30

Pro Leu Leu Leu Phe Ala Asn Arg Arg Asp Val Arg Leu Val Asp Ala

35 40 45

Gly Gly Val Lys Leu Glu Ser Thr Ile Val Val Ser Gly Leu Glu Asp

50 55 60

Ala Ala Ala Val Asp Phe Gln Phe Ser Lys Gly Ala Val Tyr Trp Thr

65 70 75 80

Asp Val Ser Glu Glu Ala Ile Lys Gln Thr Tyr Leu Asn Gln Thr Gly

85 90 95

Ala Ala Val Gln Asn Val Val Ile Ser Gly Leu Val Ser Pro Asp Gly

100 105 110

Leu Ala Cys Asp Trp Val Gly Lys Lys Leu Tyr Trp Thr Asp Ser Glu

115 120 125

Thr Asn Arg Ile Glu Val Ala Asn Leu Asn Gly Thr Ser Arg Lys Val

130 135 140

Leu Phe Trp Gln Asp Leu Asp Gln Pro Arg Ala Ile Ala Leu Asp Pro

145 150 155 160

Ala His Gly Tyr Met Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp Gly Glu Thr Pro Arg Ile

165 170 175

Glu Arg Ala Gly Met Asp Gly Ser Thr Arg Lys Ile Ile Val Asp Ser

180 185 190

Asp Ile Tyr Trp Pro Asn Gly Leu Thr Ile Asp Leu Glu Glu Gln Lys

195 200 205

Leu Tyr Trp Ala Asp Ala Lys Leu Ser Phe Ile His Arg Ala Asn Leu

210 215 220

Asp Gly Ser Phe Arg Gln Lys Val Val Glu Gly Ser Leu Thr His Pro

225 230 235 240

Phe Ala Leu Thr Leu Ser Gly Asp Thr Leu Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp Gln

245 250 255

Thr Arg Ser Ile His Ala Cys Asn Lys Arg Thr Gly Gly Lys Arg Lys

260 265 270

Glu Ile Leu Ser Ala Leu Tyr Ser Pro Met Asp Ile Gln Val Leu Ser

275 280 285

Gln Glu Arg Gln Pro Phe Phe His Thr Arg Cys Glu Glu Asp Asn Gly

290 295 300

Gly Cys Ser His Leu Cys Leu Leu Ser Pro Ser Glu Pro Phe Tyr Thr

305 310 315 320

Cys Ala Cys Pro Thr Gly Val Gln Leu Gln Asp Asn Gly Arg Thr Cys

325 330 335

Lys Ala Gly Ala Glu Glu Val Leu Leu Leu Ala Arg Arg Thr Asp Leu

340 345 350

Arg Arg Ile Ser Leu Asp Thr Pro Asp Phe Thr Asp Ile Val Leu Gln

355 360 365

Val Asp Asp Ile Arg His Ala Ile Ala Ile Asp Tyr Asp Pro Leu Glu

370 375 380

Gly Tyr Val Tyr Trp Thr Asp Asp Glu Val Arg Ala Ile Arg Arg Ala

385 390 395 400

Tyr Leu Asp Gly Ser Gly Ala Gln Thr Leu Val Asn Thr Glu Ile Asn

405 410 415

Asp Pro Asp Gly Ile Ala Val Asp Trp Val Ala Arg Asn Leu Tyr Trp

420 425 430

Thr Asp Thr Gly Thr Asp Arg Ile Glu Val Thr Arg Leu Asn Gly Thr

435 440 445

Ser Arg Lys Ile Leu Val Ser Glu Asp Leu Asp Glu Pro Arg Ala Ile

450 455 460

Ala Leu His Pro Val Met Gly Leu Met Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp Gly Glu

465 470 475 480

Asn Pro Lys Ile Glu Cys Ala Asn Leu Asp Gly Gln Glu Arg Arg Val

485 490 495

Leu Val Asn Ala Ser Leu Gly Trp Pro Asn Gly Leu Ala Leu Asp Leu

500 505 510

Gln Glu Gly Lys Leu Tyr Trp Gly Asp Ala Lys Thr Asp Lys Ile Glu

515 520 525

Val Ile Asn Val Asp Gly Thr Lys Arg Arg Thr Leu Leu Glu Asp Lys

530 535 540

Leu Pro His Ile Phe Gly Phe Thr Leu Leu Gly Asp Phe Ile Tyr Trp

545 550 555 560

Thr Asp Trp Gln Arg Arg Ser Ile Glu Arg Val His Lys Val Lys Ala

565 570 575

Ser Arg Asp Val Ile Ile Asp Gln Leu Pro Asp Leu Met Gly Leu Lys

580 585 590

Ala Val Asn Val Ala Lys Val Val Gly Thr Asn Pro Cys Ala Asp Arg

595 600 605

Asn Gly Gly Cys Ser His Leu Cys Phe Phe Thr Pro His Ala Thr Arg

610 615 620

Cys Gly Cys Pro Ile Gly Leu Glu Leu Leu Ser Asp Met Lys Thr Cys

625 630 635 640

Ile Val Pro Glu Ala Phe Leu Val Phe Thr Ser Arg Ala Ala Ile His

645 650 655

Arg Ile Ser Leu Glu Thr Asn Asn Asn Asp Val Ala Ile Pro Leu Thr

660 665 670

Gly Val Lys Glu Ala Ser Ala Leu Asp Phe Asp Val Ser Asn Asn His

675 680 685

Ile Tyr Trp Thr Asp Val Ser Leu Lys Thr Ile Ser Arg Ala Phe Met

690 695 700

Asn Gly Ser Ser Val Glu His Val Val Glu Phe Gly Leu Asp Tyr Pro

705 710 715 720

Glu Gly Met Ala Val Asp Trp Met Gly Lys Asn Leu Tyr Trp Ala Asp

725 730 735

Thr Gly Thr Asn Arg Ile Glu Val Ala Arg Leu Asp Gly Gln Phe Arg

740 745 750

Gln Val Leu Val Trp Arg Asp Leu Asp Asn Pro Arg Ser Leu Ala Leu

755 760 765

Asp Pro Thr Lys Gly Tyr Ile Tyr Trp Thr Glu Trp Gly Gly Lys Pro

770 775 780

Arg Ile Val Arg Ala Phe Met Asp Gly Thr Asn Cys Met Thr Leu Val

785 790 795 800

Asp Lys Val Gly Arg Ala Asn Asp Leu Thr Ile Asp Tyr Ala Asp Gln

805 810 815

Arg Leu Tyr Trp Thr Asp Leu Asp Thr Asn Met Ile Glu Ser Ser Asn

820 825 830

Met Leu Gly Gln Glu Arg Val Val Ile Ala Asp Asp Leu Pro His Pro

835 840 845

Phe Gly Leu Thr Gln Tyr Ser Asp Tyr Ile Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp Asn

850 855 860

Leu His Ser Ile Glu Arg Ala Asp Lys Thr Ser Gly Arg Asn Arg Thr

865 870 875 880

Leu Ile Gln Gly His Leu Asp Phe Val Met Asp Ile Leu Val Phe His

885 890 895

Ser Ser Arg Gln Asp Gly Leu Asn Asp Cys Met His Asn Asn Gly Gln

900 905 910

Cys Gly Gln Leu Cys Leu Ala Ile Pro Gly Gly His Arg Cys Gly Cys

915 920 925

Ala Ser His Tyr Thr Leu Asp Pro Ser Ser Arg Asn Cys Ser Pro Pro

930 935 940

Thr Thr Phe Leu Leu Phe Ser Gln Lys Ser Ala Ile Ser Arg Met Ile

945 950 955 960

Pro Asp Asp Gln His Ser Pro Asp Leu Ile Leu Pro Leu His Gly Leu

965 970 975

Arg Asn Val Lys Ala Ile Asp Tyr Asp Pro Leu Asp Lys Phe Ile Tyr

980 985 990

Trp Val Asp Gly Arg Gln Asn Ile Lys Arg Ala Lys Asp Asp Gly Thr

995 1000 1005

Gln Pro Phe Val Leu Thr Ser Leu Ser Gln Gly Gln Asn Pro Asp Arg

›REFERENCES · 4 of 30

1010 1015 1020

Gln Pro His Asp Leu Ser Ile Asp Ile Tyr Ser Arg Thr Leu Phe Trp

1025 1030 1035 1040

Thr Cys Glu Ala Thr Asn Thr Ile Asn Val His Arg Leu Ser Gly Glu

1045 1050 1055

Ala Met Gly Val Val Leu Arg Gly Asp Arg Asp Lys Pro Arg Ala Ile

1060 1065 1070

Val Val Asn Ala Glu Arg Gly Tyr Leu Tyr Phe Thr Asn Met Gln Asp

1075 1080 1085

Arg Ala Ala Lys Ile Glu Arg Ala Ala Leu Asp Gly Thr Glu Arg Glu

1090 1095 1100

Val Leu Phe Thr Thr Gly Leu Ile Arg Pro Val Ala Leu Val Val Asp

1105 1110 1115 1120

Asn Thr Leu Gly Lys Leu Phe Trp Val Asp Ala Asp Leu Lys Arg Ile

1125 1130 1135

Glu Ser Cys Asp Leu Ser Gly Ala Asn Arg Leu Thr Leu Glu Asp Ala

1140 1145 1150

Asn Ile Val Gln Pro Leu Gly Leu Thr Ile Leu Gly Lys His Leu Tyr

1155 1160 1165

Trp Ile Asp Arg Gln Gln Gln Met Ile Glu Arg Val Glu Lys Thr Thr

1170 1175 1180

Gly Asp Lys Arg Thr Arg Ile Gln Gly Arg Val Ala His Leu Thr Gly

1185 1190 1195 1200

Ile His Ala Val Glu Glu Val Ser Leu Glu Glu Phe Ser Ala His Pro

1205 1210 1215

Cys Ala Arg Asp Asn Gly Gly Cys Ser His Ile Cys Ile Ala Lys Gly

1220 1225 1230

Asp Gly Thr Pro Arg Cys Ser Cys Pro Val His Leu Val Leu Leu Gln

1235 1240 1245

Asn Leu Leu Thr Cys Gly Glu Pro Pro Thr Cys Ser Pro Asp Gln Phe

1250 1255 1260

Ala Cys Ala Thr Gly Glu Ile Asp Cys Ile Pro Gly Ala Trp Arg Cys

1265 1270 1275 1280

Asp Gly Phe Pro Glu Cys Asp Asp Gln Ser Asp Glu Glu Gly Cys Pro

1285 1290 1295

Val Cys Ser Ala Ala Gln Phe Pro Cys Ala Arg Gly Gln Cys Val Asp

1300 1305 1310

Leu Arg Leu Arg Cys Asp Gly Glu Ala Asp Cys Gln Asp Arg Ser Asp

1315 1320 1325

Glu Ala Asp Cys Asp Ala Ile Cys Leu Pro Asn Gln Phe Arg Cys Ala

1330 1335 1340

Ser Gly Gln Cys Val Leu Ile Lys Gln Gln Cys Asp Ser Phe Pro Asp

1345 1350 1355 1360

Cys Ile Asp Gly Ser Asp Glu Leu Met Cys Glu Ile Thr Lys Pro Pro

1365 1370 1375

Ser Asp Asp Ser Pro Ala His Ser Ser Ala Ile Gly Pro Val Ile Gly

1380 1385 1390

Ile Ile Leu Ser Leu Phe Val Met Gly Gly Val Tyr Phe Val Cys Gln

1395 1400 1405

Arg Val Val Cys Gln Arg Tyr Ala Gly Ala Asn Gly Pro Phe Pro His

1410 1415 1420

Glu Tyr Val Ser Gly Thr Pro His Val Pro Leu Asn Phe Ile Ala Pro

1425 1430 1435 1440

Gly Gly Ser Gln His Gly Pro Phe Thr Gly Ile Ala Cys Gly Lys Ser

1445 1450 1455

Met Met Ser Ser Val Ser Leu Met Gly Gly Arg Gly Gly Val Pro Leu

1460 1465 1470

Tyr Asp Arg Asn His Val Thr Gly Ala Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser

1475 1480 1485

Thr Lys Ala Thr Leu Tyr Pro Pro Ile Leu Asn Pro Pro Pro Ser Pro

1490 1495 1500

Ala Thr Asp Pro Ser Leu Tyr Asn Met Asp Met Phe Tyr Ser Ser Asn

1505 1510 1515 1520

Ile Pro Ala Thr Val Arg Pro Tyr Arg Pro Tyr Ile Ile Arg Gly Met

1525 1530 1535

Ala Pro Pro Thr Thr Pro Cys Ser Thr Asp Val Cys Asp Ser Asp Tyr

1540 1545 1550

Ser Ala Ser Arg Trp Lys Ala Ser Lys Tyr Tyr Leu Asp Leu Asn Ser

1555 1560 1565

Asp Ser Asp Pro Tyr Pro Pro Pro Pro Thr Pro His Ser Gln Tyr Leu

1570 1575 1580

Ser Ala Glu Asp Ser Cys Pro Pro Ser Pro Ala Thr Glu Arg Ser Tyr

1585 1590 1595 1600

Phe His Leu Phe Pro Pro Pro Pro Ser Pro Cys Thr Asp Ser Ser

1605 1610 1615

1591 amino acids

amino acid

linear

4

Cys Pro Ala Pro Ala Ala Ala Ser Pro Leu Leu Leu Phe Ala Asn Arg

1 5 10 15

Arg Asp Val Arg Leu Val Asp Ala Gly Gly Val Lys Leu Glu Ser Thr

20 25 30

Ile Val Val Ser Gly Leu Glu Asp Ala Ala Ala Val Asp Phe Gln Phe

35 40 45

Ser Lys Gly Ala Val Tyr Trp Thr Asp Val Ser Glu Glu Ala Ile Lys

50 55 60

Gln Thr Tyr Leu Asn Gln Thr Gly Ala Ala Val Gln Asn Val Val Ile

65 70 75 80

Ser Gly Leu Val Ser Pro Asp Gly Leu Ala Cys Asp Trp Val Gly Lys

85 90 95

Lys Leu Tyr Trp Thr Asp Ser Glu Thr Asn Arg Ile Glu Val Ala Asn

100 105 110

Leu Asn Gly Thr Ser Arg Lys Val Leu Phe Trp Gln Asp Leu Asp Gln

115 120 125

Pro Arg Ala Ile Ala Leu Asp Pro Ala His Gly Tyr Met Tyr Trp Thr

130 135 140

Asp Trp Gly Glu Thr Pro Arg Ile Glu Arg Ala Gly Met Asp Gly Ser

145 150 155 160

Thr Arg Lys Ile Ile Val Asp Ser Asp Ile Tyr Trp Pro Asn Gly Leu

165 170 175

Thr Ile Asp Leu Glu Glu Gln Lys Leu Tyr Trp Ala Asp Ala Lys Leu

180 185 190

Ser Phe Ile His Arg Ala Asn Leu Asp Gly Ser Phe Arg Gln Lys Val

195 200 205

Val Glu Gly Ser Leu Thr His Pro Phe Ala Leu Thr Leu Ser Gly Asp

210 215 220

Thr Leu Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp Gln Thr Arg Ser Ile His Ala Cys Asn

225 230 235 240

Lys Arg Thr Gly Gly Lys Arg Lys Glu Ile Leu Ser Ala Leu Tyr Ser

245 250 255

Pro Met Asp Ile Gln Val Leu Ser Gln Glu Arg Gln Pro Phe Phe His

260 265 270

Thr Arg Cys Glu Glu Asp Asn Gly Gly Cys Ser His Leu Cys Leu Leu

275 280 285

Ser Pro Ser Glu Pro Phe Tyr Thr Cys Ala Cys Pro Thr Gly Val Gln

290 295 300

Leu Gln Asp Asn Gly Arg Thr Cys Lys Ala Gly Ala Glu Glu Val Leu

305 310 315 320

Leu Leu Ala Arg Arg Thr Asp Leu Arg Arg Ile Ser Leu Asp Thr Pro

325 330 335

Asp Phe Thr Asp Ile Val Leu Gln Val Asp Asp Ile Arg His Ala Ile

340 345 350

Ala Ile Asp Tyr Asp Pro Leu Glu Gly Tyr Val Tyr Trp Thr Asp Asp

355 360 365

Glu Val Arg Ala Ile Arg Arg Ala Tyr Leu Asp Gly Ser Gly Ala Gln

370 375 380

Thr Leu Val Asn Thr Glu Ile Asn Asp Pro Asp Gly Ile Ala Val Asp

385 390 395 400

Trp Val Ala Arg Asn Leu Tyr Trp Thr Asp Thr Gly Thr Asp Arg Ile

405 410 415

Glu Val Thr Arg Leu Asn Gly Thr Ser Arg Lys Ile Leu Val Ser Glu

420 425 430

Asp Leu Asp Glu Pro Arg Ala Ile Ala Leu His Pro Val Met Gly Leu

435 440 445

Met Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp Gly Glu Asn Pro Lys Ile Glu Cys Ala Asn

450 455 460

Leu Asp Gly Gln Glu Arg Arg Val Leu Val Asn Ala Ser Leu Gly Trp

465 470 475 480

Pro Asn Gly Leu Ala Leu Asp Leu Gln Glu Gly Lys Leu Tyr Trp Gly

485 490 495

Asp Ala Lys Thr Asp Lys Ile Glu Val Ile Asn Val Asp Gly Thr Lys

500 505 510

Arg Arg Thr Leu Leu Glu Asp Lys Leu Pro His Ile Phe Gly Phe Thr

515 520 525

Leu Leu Gly Asp Phe Ile Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp Gln Arg Arg Ser Ile

530 535 540

Glu Arg Val His Lys Val Lys Ala Ser Arg Asp Val Ile Ile Asp Gln

545 550 555 560

Leu Pro Asp Leu Met Gly Leu Lys Ala Val Asn Val Ala Lys Val Val

565 570 575

Gly Thr Asn Pro Cys Ala Asp Arg Asn Gly Gly Cys Ser His Leu Cys

580 585 590

Phe Phe Thr Pro His Ala Thr Arg Cys Gly Cys Pro Ile Gly Leu Glu

595 600 605

Leu Leu Ser Asp Met Lys Thr Cys Ile Val Pro Glu Ala Phe Leu Val

610 615 620

Phe Thr Ser Arg Ala Ala Ile His Arg Ile Ser Leu Glu Thr Asn Asn

625 630 635 640

Asn Asp Val Ala Ile Pro Leu Thr Gly Val Lys Glu Ala Ser Ala Leu

645 650 655

Asp Phe Asp Val Ser Asn Asn His Ile Tyr Trp Thr Asp Val Ser Leu

›REFERENCES · 5 of 30

660 665 670

Lys Thr Ile Ser Arg Ala Phe Met Asn Gly Ser Ser Val Glu His Val

675 680 685

Val Glu Phe Gly Leu Asp Tyr Pro Glu Gly Met Ala Val Asp Trp Met

690 695 700

Gly Lys Asn Leu Tyr Trp Ala Asp Thr Gly Thr Asn Arg Ile Glu Val

705 710 715 720

Ala Arg Leu Asp Gly Gln Phe Arg Gln Val Leu Val Trp Arg Asp Leu

725 730 735

Asp Asn Pro Arg Ser Leu Ala Leu Asp Pro Thr Lys Gly Tyr Ile Tyr

740 745 750

Trp Thr Glu Trp Gly Gly Lys Pro Arg Ile Val Arg Ala Phe Met Asp

755 760 765

Gly Thr Asn Cys Met Thr Leu Val Asp Lys Val Gly Arg Ala Asn Asp

770 775 780

Leu Thr Ile Asp Tyr Ala Asp Gln Arg Leu Tyr Trp Thr Asp Leu Asp

785 790 795 800

Thr Asn Met Ile Glu Ser Ser Asn Met Leu Gly Gln Glu Arg Val Val

805 810 815

Ile Ala Asp Asp Leu Pro His Pro Phe Gly Leu Thr Gln Tyr Ser Asp

820 825 830

Tyr Ile Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp Asn Leu His Ser Ile Glu Arg Ala Asp

835 840 845

Lys Thr Ser Gly Arg Asn Arg Thr Leu Ile Gln Gly His Leu Asp Phe

850 855 860

Val Met Asp Ile Leu Val Phe His Ser Ser Arg Gln Asp Gly Leu Asn

865 870 875 880

Asp Cys Met His Asn Asn Gly Gln Cys Gly Gln Leu Cys Leu Ala Ile

885 890 895

Pro Gly Gly His Arg Cys Gly Cys Ala Ser His Tyr Thr Leu Asp Pro

900 905 910

Ser Ser Arg Asn Cys Ser Pro Pro Thr Thr Phe Leu Leu Phe Ser Gln

915 920 925

Lys Ser Ala Ile Ser Arg Met Ile Pro Asp Asp Gln His Ser Pro Asp

930 935 940

Leu Ile Leu Pro Leu His Gly Leu Arg Asn Val Lys Ala Ile Asp Tyr

945 950 955 960

Asp Pro Leu Asp Lys Phe Ile Tyr Trp Val Asp Gly Arg Gln Asn Ile

965 970 975

Lys Arg Ala Lys Asp Asp Gly Thr Gln Pro Phe Val Leu Thr Ser Leu

980 985 990

Ser Gln Gly Gln Asn Pro Asp Arg Gln Pro His Asp Leu Ser Ile Asp

995 1000 1005

Ile Tyr Ser Arg Thr Leu Phe Trp Thr Cys Glu Ala Thr Asn Thr Ile

1010 1015 1020

Asn Val His Arg Leu Ser Gly Glu Ala Met Gly Val Val Leu Arg Gly

1025 1030 1035 1040

Asp Arg Asp Lys Pro Arg Ala Ile Val Val Asn Ala Glu Arg Gly Tyr

1045 1050 1055

Leu Tyr Phe Thr Asn Met Gln Asp Arg Ala Ala Lys Ile Glu Arg Ala

1060 1065 1070

Ala Leu Asp Gly Thr Glu Arg Glu Val Leu Phe Thr Thr Gly Leu Ile

1075 1080 1085

Arg Pro Val Ala Leu Val Val Asp Asn Thr Leu Gly Lys Leu Phe Trp

1090 1095 1100

Val Asp Ala Asp Leu Lys Arg Ile Glu Ser Cys Asp Leu Ser Gly Ala

1105 1110 1115 1120

Asn Arg Leu Thr Leu Glu Asp Ala Asn Ile Val Gln Pro Leu Gly Leu

1125 1130 1135

Thr Ile Leu Gly Lys His Leu Tyr Trp Ile Asp Arg Gln Gln Gln Met

1140 1145 1150

Ile Glu Arg Val Glu Lys Thr Thr Gly Asp Lys Arg Thr Arg Ile Gln

1155 1160 1165

Gly Arg Val Ala His Leu Thr Gly Ile His Ala Val Glu Glu Val Ser

1170 1175 1180

Leu Glu Glu Phe Ser Ala His Pro Cys Ala Arg Asp Asn Gly Gly Cys

1185 1190 1195 1200

Ser His Ile Cys Ile Ala Lys Gly Asp Gly Thr Pro Arg Cys Ser Cys

1205 1210 1215

Pro Val His Leu Val Leu Leu Gln Asn Leu Leu Thr Cys Gly Glu Pro

1220 1225 1230

Pro Thr Cys Ser Pro Asp Gln Phe Ala Cys Ala Thr Gly Glu Ile Asp

1235 1240 1245

Cys Ile Pro Gly Ala Trp Arg Cys Asp Gly Phe Pro Glu Cys Asp Asp

1250 1255 1260

Gln Ser Asp Glu Glu Gly Cys Pro Val Cys Ser Ala Ala Gln Phe Pro

1265 1270 1275 1280

Cys Ala Arg Gly Gln Cys Val Asp Leu Arg Leu Arg Cys Asp Gly Glu

1285 1290 1295

Ala Asp Cys Gln Asp Arg Ser Asp Glu Ala Asp Cys Asp Ala Ile Cys

1300 1305 1310

Leu Pro Asn Gln Phe Arg Cys Ala Ser Gly Gln Cys Val Leu Ile Lys

1315 1320 1325

Gln Gln Cys Asp Ser Phe Pro Asp Cys Ile Asp Gly Ser Asp Glu Leu

1330 1335 1340

Met Cys Glu Ile Thr Lys Pro Pro Ser Asp Asp Ser Pro Ala His Ser

1345 1350 1355 1360

Ser Ala Ile Gly Pro Val Ile Gly Ile Ile Leu Ser Leu Phe Val Met

1365 1370 1375

Gly Gly Val Tyr Phe Val Cys Gln Arg Val Val Cys Gln Arg Tyr Ala

1380 1385 1390

Gly Ala Asn Gly Pro Phe Pro His Glu Tyr Val Ser Gly Thr Pro His

1395 1400 1405

Val Pro Leu Asn Phe Ile Ala Pro Gly Gly Ser Gln His Gly Pro Phe

1410 1415 1420

Thr Gly Ile Ala Cys Gly Lys Ser Met Met Ser Ser Val Ser Leu Met

1425 1430 1435 1440

Gly Gly Arg Gly Gly Val Pro Leu Tyr Asp Arg Asn His Val Thr Gly

1445 1450 1455

Ala Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Thr Lys Ala Thr Leu Tyr Pro Pro

1460 1465 1470

Ile Leu Asn Pro Pro Pro Ser Pro Ala Thr Asp Pro Ser Leu Tyr Asn

1475 1480 1485

Met Asp Met Phe Tyr Ser Ser Asn Ile Pro Ala Thr Val Arg Pro Tyr

1490 1495 1500

Arg Pro Tyr Ile Ile Arg Gly Met Ala Pro Pro Thr Thr Pro Cys Ser

1505 1510 1515 1520

Thr Asp Val Cys Asp Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ala Ser Arg Trp Lys Ala Ser

1525 1530 1535

Lys Tyr Tyr Leu Asp Leu Asn Ser Asp Ser Asp Pro Tyr Pro Pro Pro

1540 1545 1550

Pro Thr Pro His Ser Gln Tyr Leu Ser Ala Glu Asp Ser Cys Pro Pro

1555 1560 1565

Ser Pro Ala Thr Glu Arg Ser Tyr Phe His Leu Phe Pro Pro Pro Pro

1570 1575 1580

Ser Pro Cys Thr Asp Ser Ser

1585 1590

432 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

5

ATGGAGCCCG AGTGAGCGCG GCGCGGGCCC GTCCGGCCGC CGGACAACAT GGAGGCAGCG 60

CCGCCCGGGC CGCCGTGGCC GCTGCTGCTG CTGCTGCTGC TGCTGCTGGC GCTGTGCGGC 120

TGCCCGGCCC CCGCCGCGGC CTCGCCGCTC CTGCTATTTG CCAACCGCCG GGACGTACGG 180

CTGGTGGACG CCGGCGGAGT CAAGCTGGAG TCCACCATCG TGGTCAGCGG CCTGGAGGAT 240

GCGGCCGCAG TGGACTTCCA GTTTTCCAAG GGAGCCGTGT ACTGGACAGA CGTGAGCGAG 300

GAGGCCATCA AGCAGACCTA CCTGAACCAG ACGGGGGCCG CCGTGCAGAA CGTGGTCATC 360

TCCGGCCTGG TCTCTCCCGA CGGCCTCGCC TGCGACTGGG TGGGCAAGAA GCTGTACTGG 420

ACGGACTCAG AG 432

443 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

6

ACCGCCGCCG CGCGCGCCAT GGAGCCCGAG TGAGCGCGCG GCGCTCCCGG CCGCCGGACG 60

ACATGGAAAC GGCGCCGACC CGGGCCCCTC CGCCGCCGCC GCCGCCGCTG CTGCTGCTGG 120

TGCTGTACTG CAGCTTGGTC CCCGCCGCGG CCTCACCGCT CCTGTTGTTT GCCAACCGCC 180

GGGATGTGCG GCTAGTGGAT GCCGGCGGAG TGAAGCTGGA GTCCACCATT GTGGCCAGTG 240

GCCTGGAGGA TGCAGCTGCT GTAGACTTCC AGTTCTCCAA GGGTGCTGTG TACTGGACAG 300

ATGTGAGCGA GGAGGCCATC AAACAGACCT ACCTGAACCA GACTGGAGGT GCTGCACAGA 360

ACATTGTCAT CTCGGGCCTC GTGTCACCTG ATGGCCTGGC CTGTGACTGG GTTGGCAAGA 420

AGCTGTACTG GACGGACTCC GAG 443

550 amino acids

amino acid

linear

7

Met Glu Ala Ala Pro Pro Gly Pro Pro Trp Pro Leu Leu Leu Leu Leu

1 5 10 15

Leu Leu Leu Leu Ala Leu Cys Gly Cys Pro Ala Pro Ala Ala Ala Ser

20 25 30

Pro Leu Leu Leu Phe Ala Asn Arg Arg Asp Val Arg Leu Val Asp Ala

35 40 45

Gly Gly Val Lys Leu Glu Ser Thr Ile Val Val Ser Gly Leu Glu Asp

50 55 60

Ala Ala Ala Val Asp Phe Gln Phe Ser Lys Gly Ala Val Tyr Trp Thr

65 70 75 80

Asp Val Ser Glu Glu Ala Ile Lys Gln Thr Tyr Leu Asn Gln Thr Gly

85 90 95

Ala Ala Val Gln Asn Val Val Ile Ser Gly Leu Val Ser Pro Asp Gly

›REFERENCES · 6 of 30

100 105 110

Leu Ala Cys Asp Trp Val Gly Lys Lys Leu Tyr Trp Thr Asp Ser Glu

115 120 125

Thr Asn Arg Ile Glu Val Ala Asn Leu Asn Gly Thr Ser Arg Lys Val

130 135 140

Leu Phe Trp Gln Asp Leu Asp Gln Pro Arg Ala Ile Ala Leu Asp Pro

145 150 155 160

Ala His Gly Tyr Met Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp Gly Glu Thr Pro Arg Ile

165 170 175

Glu Arg Ala Gly Met Asp Gly Ser Thr Arg Lys Ile Ile Val Asp Ser

180 185 190

Asp Ile Tyr Trp Pro Asn Gly Leu Thr Ile Asp Leu Glu Glu Gln Lys

195 200 205

Leu Tyr Trp Ala Asp Ala Lys Leu Ser Phe Ile His Arg Ala Asn Leu

210 215 220

Asp Gly Ser Phe Arg Gln Lys Val Val Glu Gly Ser Leu Thr His Pro

225 230 235 240

Phe Ala Leu Thr Leu Ser Gly Asp Thr Leu Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp Gln

245 250 255

Thr Arg Ser Ile His Ala Cys Asn Lys Arg Thr Gly Gly Lys Arg Lys

260 265 270

Glu Ile Leu Ser Ala Leu Tyr Ser Pro Met Asp Ile Gln Val Leu Ser

275 280 285

Gln Glu Arg Gln Pro Phe Phe His Thr Arg Cys Glu Glu Asp Asn Gly

290 295 300

Gly Cys Ser His Leu Cys Leu Leu Ser Pro Ser Glu Pro Phe Tyr Thr

305 310 315 320

Cys Ala Cys Pro Thr Gly Val Gln Leu Gln Asp Asn Gly Arg Thr Cys

325 330 335

Lys Ala Gly Ala Glu Glu Val Leu Leu Leu Ala Arg Arg Thr Asp Leu

340 345 350

Arg Arg Ile Ser Leu Asp Thr Pro Asp Phe Thr Asp Ile Val Leu Gln

355 360 365

Val Asp Asp Ile Arg His Ala Ile Ala Ile Asp Tyr Asp Pro Leu Glu

370 375 380

Gly Tyr Val Tyr Trp Thr Asp Asp Glu Val Arg Ala Ile Arg Arg Ala

385 390 395 400

Tyr Leu Asp Gly Ser Gly Ala Gln Thr Leu Val Asn Thr Glu Ile Asn

405 410 415

Asp Pro Asp Gly Ile Ala Val Asp Trp Val Ala Arg Asn Leu Tyr Trp

420 425 430

Thr Asp Thr Gly Thr Asp Arg Ile Glu Val Thr Arg Leu Asn Gly Thr

435 440 445

Ser Arg Lys Ile Leu Val Ser Glu Asp Leu Asp Glu Pro Arg Ala Ile

450 455 460

Ala Leu His Pro Val Met Gly Leu Met Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp Gly Glu

465 470 475 480

Asn Pro Lys Ile Glu Cys Ala Asn Leu Asp Gly Gln Glu Arg Arg Val

485 490 495

Leu Val Asn Ala Ser Leu Gly Trp Pro Asn Gly Leu Ala Leu Asp Leu

500 505 510

Gln Glu Gly Lys Leu Tyr Trp Gly Asp Ala Lys Thr Asp Lys Ile Glu

515 520 525

Val Ile Asn Val Asp Gly Thr Lys Arg Arg Thr Leu Leu Glu Asp Lys

530 535 540

Leu Pro His Ile Phe Gly

545 550

533 amino acids

amino acid

linear

8

Met Glu Thr Ala Pro Thr Arg Ala Pro Pro Pro Pro Pro Pro Pro Leu

1 5 10 15

Leu Leu Leu Val Leu Tyr Cys Ser Leu Val Pro Ala Ala Ala Ser Pro

20 25 30

Leu Leu Leu Phe Ala Asn Arg Arg Asp Val Arg Leu Val Asp Ala Gly

35 40 45

Gly Val Lys Leu Glu Ser Thr Ile Val Ala Ser Gly Leu Glu Asp Ala

50 55 60

Ala Ala Val Asp Phe Gln Phe Ser Lys Gly Ala Val Tyr Trp Thr Asp

65 70 75 80

Val Ser Glu Glu Ala Ile Lys Gln Thr Tyr Leu Asn Gln Thr Gly Gly

85 90 95

Ala Ala Gln Asn Ile Val Ile Ser Gly Leu Val Ser Pro Asp Gly Leu

100 105 110

Ala Cys Asp Trp Val Gly Lys Lys Leu Tyr Trp Thr Asp Ser Glu Thr

115 120 125

Asn Arg Ile Glu Val Ala Asn Leu Asn Gly Thr Ser Arg Lys Val Leu

130 135 140

Phe Trp Gln Asp Leu Asp Gln Pro Arg Ala Ile Ala Leu Asp Pro Ala

145 150 155 160

His Gly Tyr Met Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp Gly Glu Ala Pro Arg Ile Glu

165 170 175

Arg Ala Gly Met Asp Gly Ser Thr Arg Lys Ile Ile Val Asp Ser Asp

180 185 190

Ile Tyr Trp Pro Asn Gly Leu Thr Ile Asp Leu Glu Glu Gln Lys Leu

195 200 205

Tyr Trp Ala Asp Ala Lys Leu Ser Phe Ile His Arg Ala Asn Leu Asp

210 215 220

Gly Ser Phe Arg Gln Lys Val Val Glu Gly Ser Leu Thr His Pro Phe

225 230 235 240

Ala Leu Thr Leu Ser Gly Asp Thr Leu Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp Gln Thr

245 250 255

Arg Ser Ile His Ala Cys Asn Lys Trp Thr Gly Glu Gln Arg Lys Glu

260 265 270

Ile Leu Ser Ala Leu Tyr Ser Pro Met Asp Ile Gln Val Leu Ser Gln

275 280 285

Glu Arg Gln Pro Pro Phe His Thr Pro Cys Glu Glu Asp Asn Gly Gly

290 295 300

Cys Ser His Leu Cys Leu Leu Ser Pro Arg Glu Pro Phe Tyr Ser Cys

305 310 315 320

Ala Cys Pro Thr Gly Val Gln Leu Gln Asp Asn Gly Lys Thr Cys Lys

325 330 335

Thr Gly Ala Glu Glu Val Leu Leu Leu Ala Arg Arg Thr Asp Leu Arg

340 345 350

Arg Ile Ser Leu Asp Thr Pro Asp Phe Thr Asp Ile Val Leu Gln Val

355 360 365

Gly Asp Ile Arg His Ala Ile Ala Ile Asp Tyr Asp Pro Leu Glu Gly

370 375 380

Tyr Val Tyr Trp Thr Asp Asp Glu Val Arg Ala Ile Arg Arg Ala Tyr

385 390 395 400

Leu Asp Gly Ser Gly Ala Gln Thr Leu Val Asn Thr Glu Ile Asn Asp

405 410 415

Pro Asp Gly Ile Ala Val Asp Trp Val Ala Arg Asn Leu Tyr Trp Thr

420 425 430

Asp Thr Gly Thr Asp Arg Ile Glu Val Thr Arg Leu Asn Gly Thr Ser

435 440 445

Arg Lys Ile Leu Val Ser Glu Asp Leu Asp Glu Pro Arg Ala Ile Val

450 455 460

Leu His Pro Val Met Gly Leu Met Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp Gly Glu Asn

465 470 475 480

Pro Lys Ile Glu Cys Ala Asn Leu Asp Gly Arg Asp Arg His Val Leu

485 490 495

Val Asn Thr Ser Leu Gly Trp Pro Asn Gly Leu Ala Leu Asp Leu Gln

500 505 510

Glu Gly Lys Leu Tyr Trp Gly Asp Ala Lys Thr Asp Lys Ile Glu Val

515 520 525

Ile Asn Ile Asp Gly

530

38 amino acids

amino acid

linear

9

Cys Glu Glu Asp Asn Gly Gly Cys Ser His Leu Cys Leu Leu Ser Pro

1 5 10 15

Ser Glu Pro Phe Tyr Thr Cys Ala Cys Pro Thr Gly Val Gln Leu Gln

20 25 30

Asp Asn Gly Arg Thr Cys

35

37 amino acids

amino acid

linear

10

Cys Lys Val Asn Asn Gly Gly Cys Ser Asn Leu Cys Leu Leu Ser Pro

1 5 10 15

Gly Gly Gly His Lys Cys Ala Cys Pro Thr Asn Phe Tyr Leu Gly Ser

20 25 30

Asp Gly Arg Thr Cys

35

41 amino acids

amino acid

linear

11

Gly Thr Asn Pro Cys Ala Asp Arg Asn Gly Gly Cys Ser His Leu Cys

1 5 10 15

Phe Phe Thr Pro His Ala Thr Arg Cys Gly Cys Pro Ile Gly Leu Glu

20 25 30

Leu Leu Ser Asp Met Lys Thr Cys Ile

35 40

41 amino acids

amino acid

linear

12

Gly Thr Asn Lys Cys Arg Val Asn Asn Gly Gly Cys Ser Ser Leu Cys

1 5 10 15

Leu Ala Thr Pro Gly Ser Arg Gln Cys Ala Cys Ala Glu Asp Gln Val

20 25 30

Leu Asp Ala Asp Gly Val Thr Cys Leu

35 40

40 amino acids

amino acid

linear

13

Gly Leu Asn Asp Cys Met His Asn Asn Gly Gln Cys Gly Gln Leu Cys

1 5 10 15

Leu Ala Ile Pro Gly Gly His Arg Cys Gly Cys Ala Ser His Tyr Thr

20 25 30

Leu Asp Pro Ser Ser Arg Asn Cys

35 40

40 amino acids

amino acid

linear

14

Gly Thr Asn Lys Cys Arg Val Asn Asn Gly Gly Cys Ser Ser Leu Cys

1 5 10 15

Leu Ala Thr Pro Gly Ser Arg Gln Cys Ala Cys Ala Glu Asp Gln Val

20 25 30

Leu Asp Ala Asp Gly Val Thr Cys

35 40

39 amino acids

amino acid

linear

15

His Pro Cys Ala Arg Asp Asn Gly Gly Cys Ser His Ile Cys Ile Ala

1 5 10 15

Lys Gly Asp Gly Thr Pro Arg Cys Ser Cys Pro Val His Leu Val Leu

20 25 30

Leu Gln Asn Leu Leu Thr Cys

›REFERENCES · 7 of 30

35

39 amino acids

amino acid

linear

16

His Pro Cys Lys Val Asn Asn Gly Gly Cys Ser Asn Leu Cys Leu Leu

1 5 10 15

Ser Pro Gly Gly Gly His Lys Cys Ala Cys Pro Thr Asn Phe Tyr Leu

20 25 30

Gly Ser Asp Gly Arg Thr Cys

35

39 amino acids

amino acid

linear

17

Pro Thr Cys Ser Pro Asp Gln Phe Ala Cys Ala Thr Gly Glu Ile Asp

1 5 10 15

Cys Ile Pro Gly Ala Trp Arg Cys Asp Gly Phe Pro Glu Cys Asp Asp

20 25 30

Gln Ser Asp Glu Glu Gly Cys

35

37 amino acids

amino acid

linear

18

Pro Arg Cys Asp Met Asp Gln Phe Gln Cys Lys Ser Gly His Cys Ile

1 5 10 15

Pro Leu Arg Trp Arg Cys Asp Ala Asp Ala Asp Cys Met Asp Gly Ser

20 25 30

Asp Glu Glu Ala Cys

35

36 amino acids

amino acid

linear

19

Cys Ser Ala Ala Gln Phe Pro Cys Ala Arg Gly Gln Cys Val Asp Leu

1 5 10 15

Arg Leu Arg Cys Asp Gly Glu Ala Asp Cys Gln Asp Arg Ser Asp Glu

20 25 30

Ala Asp Cys Asp

35

36 amino acids

amino acid

linear

20

Cys Arg Pro Gly Gln Phe Gln Cys Ser Thr Gly Ile Cys Thr Asn Pro

1 5 10 15

Ala Phe Ile Cys Asp Gly Asp Asn Asp Cys Gln Asp Asn Ser Asp Glu

20 25 30

Ala Asn Cys Asp

35

35 amino acids

amino acid

linear

21

Cys Leu Pro Asn Gln Phe Arg Cys Ala Ser Gly Gln Cys Val Leu Ile

1 5 10 15

Lys Gln Gln Cys Asp Ser Phe Pro Asp Cys Ile Asp Gly Ser Asp Glu

20 25 30

Leu Met Cys

35

35 amino acids

amino acid

linear

22

Cys Asp Met Asp Gln Phe Gln Cys Lys Ser Gly His Cys Ile Pro Leu

1 5 10 15

Arg Trp Arg Cys Asp Ala Asp Ala Asp Cys Met Asp Gly Ser Asp Glu

20 25 30

Glu Ala Cys

35

5166 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

23

GAGAGGACAC CGCATTCTTC TTCTCCAGAG GATGCAGCAG CAAGGCGCCA TCTTGAAACC 60

AGAGACCAAA CCAACCAGCA WTTTTGTCTT GAACTTCCCA GCCTCCACAA CTAATATAAA 120

CCCCATGAGG GCAGAGGCGT TCAGCCTGAC TCCAGCCTGG CAAAGCTGTC ACAAATCTGG 180

AGGAACACAC ACGTTCACGG GCACTCAGTT CTGTGAGCCT CGCCGCTCCT GCTATTTGCC 240

AACCGCCGGG ACGTACGGCT GGTGGACGCC GGCGGAGTCA AGCTGGAGTC CACCATCGTG 300

GTCAGCGGCC TGGAGGATGC GGCCGCAGTG GACTTCCAGT TTTCCAAGGG AGCCGTGTAC 360

TGGACAGACG TGAGCGAGGA GGCCATCAAG CAGACCTACC TGAACCAGAC GGGGGCCGCC 420

GTGCAGAACG TGGTCATCTC CGGCCTGGTC TCTCCCGACG GCCTCGCCTG CGACTGGGTG 480

GGCAAGAAGC TGTACTGGAC GGACTCAGAG ACCAACCGCA TCGAGGTGGC CAACCTCAAT 540

GGCACATCCC GGAAGGTGCT CTTCTGGCAG GACCTTGACC AGCCGAGGGC CATCGCCTTG 600

GACCCCGCTC ACGGGTACAT GTACTGGACA GACTGGGGTG AGACGCCCCG GATTGAGCGG 660

GCAGGGATGG ATGGCAGCAC CCGGAAGATC ATTGTGGACT CGGACATTTA CTGGCCCAAT 720

GGACTGACCA TCGACCTGGA GGAGCAGAAG CTCTACTGGG CTGACGCCAA GCTCAGCTTC 780

ATCCACCGTG CCAACCTGGA CGGCTCGTTC CGGCAGAAGG TGGTGGAGGG CAGCCTGACG 840

CACCCCTTCG CCCTGACGCT CTCCGGGGAC ACTCTGTACT GGACAGACTG GCAGACCCGC 900

TCCATCCATG CCTGCAACAA GCGCACTGGG GGGAAGAGGA AGGAGATCCT GAGTGCCCTC 960

TACTCACCCA TGGACATCCA GGTGCTGAGC CAGGAGCGGC AGCCTTTCTT CCACACTCGC 1020

TGTGAGGAGG ACAATGGCGG CTGCTCCCAC CTGTGCCTGC TGTCCCCAAG CGAGCCTTTC 1080

TACACATGCG CCTGCCCCAC GGGTGTGCAG CTGCAGGACA ACGGCAGGAC GTGTAAGGCA 1140

GGAGCCGAGG AGGTGCTGCT GCTGGCCCGG CGGACGGACC TACGGAGGAT CTCGCTGGAC 1200

ACGCCGGACT TTACCGACAT CGTGCTGCAG GTGGACGACA TCCGGCACGC CATTGCCATC 1260

GACTACGACC CGCTAGAGGG CTATGTCTAC TGGACAGATG ACGAGGTGCG GGCCATCCGC 1320

AGGGCGTACC TGGACGGGTC TGGGGCGCAG ACGCTGGTCA ACACCGAGAT CAACGACCCC 1380

GATGGCATCG CGGTCGACTG GGTGGCCCGA AACCTCTACT GGACCGACAC GGGCACGGAC 1440

CGCATCGAGG TGACGCGCCT CAACGGCACC TCCCGCAAGA TCCTGGTGTC GGAGGACCTG 1500

GACGAGCCCC GAGCCATCGC ACTGCACCCC GTGATGGGCC TCATGTACTG GACAGACTGG 1560

GGAGAGAACC CTAAAATCGA GTGTGCCAAC TTGGATGGGC AGGAGCGGCG TGTGCTGGTC 1620

AATGCCTCCC TCGGGTGGCC CAACGGCCTG GCCCTGGACC TGCAGGAGGG GAAGCTCTAC 1680

TGGGGAGACG CCAAGACAGA CAAGATCGAG GTGATCAATG TTGATGGGAC GAAGAGGCGG 1740

ACCCTCCTGG AGGACAAGCT CCCGCACATT TTCGGGTTCA CGCTGCTGGG GGACTTCATC 1800

TACTGGACTG ACTGGCAGCG CCGCAGCATC GAGCGGGTGC ACAAGGTCAA GGCCAGCCGG 1860

GACGTCATCA TTGACCAGCT GCCCGACCTG ATGGGGCTCA AAGCTGTGAA TGTGGCCAAG 1920

GTCGTCGGAA CCAACCCGTG TGCGGACAGG AACGGGGGGT GCAGCCACCT GTGCTTCTTC 1980

ACACCCCACG CAACCCGGTG TGGCTGCCCC ATCGGCCTGG AGCTGCTGAG TGACATGAAG 2040

ACCTGCATGT GCCTGAGGCC TTCTTGGTCT TCACCAGCAG AGCCGCCATC CACAGGATCT 2100

CCCTCGAGAC CAATAACAAC GACGTGGCCA TCCCGCTCAC GGGCGTCAAG GAGGCCTCAG 2160

CCCTGGACTT TGATGTGTCC AACAACCACA TCTACTGGAC AGACGTCAGC CTGAAGACCA 2220

TCAGCCGCGC CTTCATGAAC GGGAGCTCGG TGGAGCACGT GGTGGAGTTT GGCCTTGACT 2280

ACCCCGAGGG CATGGCCGTT GACTGGATGG GCAAGAACCT CTACTGGGCC GACACTGGGA 2340

CCAACAGAAT CGAAGTGGCG CGGCTGGACG GGCAGTTCCG GCAAGTCCTC GTGTGGAGGG 2400

ACTTGGACAA CCCGAGGTCG CTGGCCCTGG ATCCCACCAA GGGCTACATC TACTGGACCG 2460

AGTGGGGCGG CAAGCCGAGG ATCGTGCGGG CCTTCATGGA CGGGACCAAC TGCATGACGC 2520

TGGTGGACAA GGTGGGCCGG GCCAACGACC TCACCATTGA CTACGCTGAC CAGCGCCTCT 2580

ACTGGACCGA CCTGGACACC AACATGATCG AGTCGTCCAA CATGCTGGGT CAGGAGCGGG 2640

TCGTGATTGC CGACGATCTC CCGCACCCGT TCGGTCTGAC GCAGTACAGC GATTATATCT 2700

ACTGGACAGA CTGGAATCTG CACAGCATTG AGCGGGCCGA CAAGACTAGC GGCCGGAACC 2760

GCACCCTCAT CCAGGGCCAC CTGGACTTCG TGATGGACAT CCTGGTGTTC CACTCCTCCC 2820

GCCAGGATGG CCTCAATGAC TGTATGCACA ACAACGGGCA GTGTGGGCAG CTGTGCCTTG 2880

CCATCCCCGG CGGCCACCGC TGCGGCTGCG CCTCACACTA CACCCTGGAC CCCAGCAGCC 2940

GCAACTGCAG CCCGCCCACC ACCTTCTTGC TGTTCAGCCA GAAATCTGCC ATCAGTCGGA 3000

TGATCCCGGA CGACCAGCAC AGCCCGGATC TCATCCTGCC CCTGCATGGA CTGAGGAACG 3060

TCAAAGCCAT CGACTATGAC CCACTGGACA AGTTCATCTA CTGGGTGGAT GGGCGCCAGA 3120

ACATCAAGCG AGCCAAGGAC GACGGGACCC AGCCCTTTGT TTTGACCTCT CTGAGCCAAG 3180

GCCAAAACCC AGACAGGCAG CCCCACGACC TCAGCATCGA CATCTACAGC CGGACACTGT 3240

TCTGGACGTG CGAGGCCACC AATACCATCA ACGTCCACAG GCTGAGCGGG GAAGCCATGG 3300

GGGTGGTGCT GCGTGGGGAC CGCGACAAGC CCAGGGCCAT CGTCGTCAAC GCGGAGCGAG 3360

GGTACCTGTA CTTCACCAAC ATGCAGGACC GGGCAGCCAA GATCGAACGC GCAGCCCTGG 3420

ACGGCACCGA GCGCGAGGTC CTCTTCACCA CCGGCCTCAT CCGCCCTGTG GCCCTGGTGG 3480

TAGACAACAC ACTGGGCAAG CTGTTCTGGG TGGACGCGGA CCTGAAGCGC ATTGAGAGCT 3540

GTGACCTGTC AGGGGCCAAC CGCCTGACCC TGGAGGACGC CAACATCGTG CAGCCTCTGG 3600

GCCTGACCAT CCTTGGCAAG CATCTCTACT GGATCGACCG CCAGCAGCAG ATGATCGAGC 3660

GTGTGGAGAA GACCACCGGG GACAAGCGGA CTCGCATCCA GGGCCGTGTC GCCCACCTCA 3720

CTGGCATCCA TGCAGTGGAG GAAGTCAGCC TGGAGGAGTT CTCAGCCCAC CCATGTGCCC 3780

GTGACAATGG TGGCTGCTCC CACATCTGTA TTGCCAAGGG TGATGGGACA CCACGGTGCT 3840

CATGCCCAGT CCACCTCGTG CTCCTGCAGA ACCTGCTGAC CTGTGGAGAG CCGCCCACCT 3900

GCTCCCCGGA CCAGTTTGCA TGTGCCACAG GGGAGATCGA CTGTATCCCC GGGGCCTGGC 3960

›REFERENCES · 8 of 30

GCTGTGACGG CTTTCCCGAG TGCGATGACC AGAGCGACGA GGAGGGCTGC CCCGTGTGCT 4020

CCGCCGCCCA GTTCCCCTGC GCGCGGGGTC AGTGTGTGGA CCTGCGCCTG CGCTGCGACG 4080

GCGAGGCAGA CTGTCAGGAC CGCTCAGACA GGCGGACTGT GACGCCATCT GCCTGCCCAA 4140

CCAGTTCCGG TGTGCGAGCG GCCAGTGTGT CCTCATCAAA CAGCAGTGCG ACTCCTTCCC 4200

CGACTGTATC GACGGCTCCG ACGAGCTCAT GTGTGAAATC ACCAAGCCGC CCTCAGACGA 4260

CAGCCCGGCC CACAGCAGTG CCATCGGGCC CGTCATTGGC ATCATCCTCT CTCTCTTCGT 4320

CATGGGTGGT GTCTATTTTG TGTGCCAGCG CGTGGTGTGC CAGCGCTATG CGGGGGCCAA 4380

CGGGCCCTTC CCGCACGAGT ATGTCAGCGG GACCCCGCAC GTGCCCCTCA ATTTCATAGC 4440

CCCGGGCGGT TCCCAGCATG GCCCCTTCAC AGGCATCGCA TGCGGAAAGT CCATGATGAG 4500

CTCCGTGAGC CTGATGGGGG GCCGGGGCGG GGTGCCCCTC TACGACCGGA ACCACGTCAC 4560

AGGGGCCTCG TCCAGCAGCT CGTCCAGCAC GAAGGCCACG CTGTACCCGC CGATCCTGAA 4620

CCCGCCGCCC TCCCCGGCCA CGGACCCCTC CCTGTACAAC ATGGACATGT TCTACTCTTC 4680

AAACATTCCG GCCACTGTGA GACCGTACAG GCCCTACATC ATTCGAGGAA TGGCGCCCCC 4740

GACGACGCCC TGCAGCACCG ACGTGTGTGA CAGCGACTAC AGCGCCAGCC GCTGGAAGGC 4800

CAGCAAGTAC TACCTGGATT TGAACTCGGA CTCAGACCCC TATCCACCCC CACCCACGCC 4860

CCACAGCCAG TACCTGTCGG CGGAGGACAG CTGCCCGCCC TCGCCCGCCA CCGAGAGGAG 4920

CTACTTCCAT CTCTTCCCGC CCCCTCCGTC CCCCTGCACG GACTCATCCT GACCTCGGCC 4980

GGGCCACTCT GGCTTCTCTG TGCCCCTGTA AATAGTTTTA AATATGAACA AAGAAAAAAA 5040

TATATTTTAT GATTTAAAAA ATAAATATAA TTGGGATTTT AAAAACATGA GAAATGTGAA 5100

CTGTGATGGG GTGGGCAGGG CTGGGAGAAC TTTGTACAGT GGAACAAATA TTTATAAACT 5160

TAATTT 5166

4351 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

24

ATGTACTGGA CAGACTGGGG TGAGACGCCC CGGATTGAGC GGGCAGGGAT GGATGGCAGC 60

ACCCGGAAGA TCATTGTGGA CTCGGACATT TACTGGCCCA ATGGACTGAC CATCGACCTG 120

GAGGAGCAGA AGCTCTACTG GGCTGACGCC AAGCTCAGCT TCATCCACCG TGCCAACCTG 180

GACGGCTCGT TCCGGCAGAA GGTGGTGGAG GGCAGCCTGA CGCACCCCTT CGCCCTGACG 240

CTCTCCGGGG ACACTCTGTA CTGGACAGAC TGGCAGACCC GCTCCATCCA TGCCTGCAAC 300

AAGCGCACTG GGGGGAAGAG GAAGGAGATC CTGAGTGCCC TCTACTCACC CATGGACATC 360

CAGGTGCTGA GCCAGGAGCG GCAGCCTTTC TTCCACACTC GCTGTGAGGA GGACAATGGC 420

GGCTGCTCCC ACCTGTGCCT GCTGTCCCCA AGCGAGCCTT TCTACACATG CGCCTGCCCC 480

ACGGGTGTGC AGCTGCAGGA CAACGGCAGG ACGTGTAAGG CAGGAGCCGA GGAGGTGCTG 540

CTGCTGGCCC GGCGGACGGA CCTACGGAGG ATCTCGCTGG ACACGCCGGA CTTTACCGAC 600

ATCGTGCTGC AGGTGGACGA CATCCGGCAC GCCATTGCCA TCGACTACGA CCCGCTAGAG 660

GGCTATGTCT ACTGGACAGA TGACGAGGTG CGGGCCATCC GCAGGGCGTA CCTGGACGGG 720

TCTGGGGCGC AGACGCTGGT CAACACCGAG ATCAACGACC CCGATGGCAT CGCGGTCGAC 780

TGGGTGGCCC GAAACCTCTA CTGGACCGAC ACGGGCACGG ACCGCATCGA GGTGACGCGC 840

CTCAACGGCA CCTCCCGCAA GATCCTGGTG TCGGAGGACC TGGACGAGCC CCGAGCCATC 900

GCACTGCACC CCGTGATGGG CCTCATGTAC TGGACAGACT GGGGAGAGAA CCCTAAAATC 960

GAGTGTGCCA ACTTGGATGG GCAGGAGCGG CGTGTGCTGG TCAATGCCTC CCTCGGGTGG 1020

CCCAACGGCC TGGCCCTGGA CCTGCAGGAG GGGAAGCTCT ACTGGGGAGA CGCCAAGACA 1080

GACAAGATCG AGGTGATCAA TGTTGATGGG ACGAAGAGGC GGACCCTCCT GGAGGACAAG 1140

CTCCCGCACA TTTTCGGGTT CACGCTGCTG GGGGACTTCA TCTACTGGAC TGACTGGCAG 1200

CGCCGCAGCA TCGAGCGGGT GCACAAGGTC AAGGCCAGCC GGGACGTCAT CATTGACCAG 1260

CTGCCCGACC TGATGGGGCT CAAAGCTGTG AATGTGGCCA AGGTCGTCGG AACCAACCCG 1320

TGTGCGGACA GGAACGGGGG GTGCAGCCAC CTGTGCTTCT TCACACCCCA CGCAACCCGG 1380

TGTGGCTGCC CCATCGGCCT GGAGCTGCTG AGTGACATGA AGACCTGCAT CGTGCCTGAG 1440

GCCTTCTTGG TCTTCACCAG CAGAGCCGCC ATCCACAGGA TCTCCCTCGA GACCAATAAV 1500

AACGACGTGG CCATCCCGCT CACGGGCGTC AAGGAGGCCT CAGCCCTGGA CTTTGATGTG 1560

TCCAACAACC ACATCTACTG GACAGACGTC AGCCTGAAGA CCATCAGCCG CGCCTTCATG 1620

AACGGGAGCT CGGTGGAGCA CGTGGTGGAG TTTGGCCTTG ACTACCCCGA GGGCATGGCC 1680

GTTGACTGGA TGGGCAAGAA CCTCTACTGG GCCGACACTG GGACCAACAG AATCGAAGTG 1740

GCGCGGCTGG ACGGGCAGTT CCGGCAAGTC CTCGTGTGGA GGGACTTGGA CAACCCGAGG 1800

TCGCTGGCCC TGGATCCCAC CAAGGGCTAC ATCTACTGGA CCGAGTGGGG CGGCAAGCCG 1860

AGGATCGTGC GGGCCTTCAT GGACGGGACC AACTGCATGA CGCTGGTGGA CAAGGTGGGC 1920

CGGGCCAACG ACCTCACCAT TGACTACGCT GACCAGCGCC TCTACTGGAC CGACCTGGAC 1980

ACCAACATGA TCGAGTCGTC CAACATGCTG GGTCAGGAGC GGGTCGTGAT TGCCGACGAT 2040

CTCCCGCACC GTTCGGTCTG ACGCAGTACA GCGATTATAT CTACTGGACA GACTGGAATC 2100

TGCACAGCAT TGAGCGGGCC GACAAGACTA GCGGCCGGAA CCGCACCCTC ATCCAGGGCC 2160

ACCTGGACTT CGTGATGGAC ATCCTGGTGT TCCACTCCTC CCGCCAGGAT GGCCTCAATG 2220

ACTGTATGCA CAACAACGGG CAGTGTGGGC AGCTGTGCCT TGCCATCCCC GGCGGCCACC 2280

GCTGCGGCTG CGCCTCACAC TACACCCTGG ACCCCAGCAG CCGCAACTGC AGCCCGCCCA 2340

CCACCTTCTT GCTGTTCAGC CAGAAATCTG CCATCAGTCG GATGATCCCG GACGACCAGC 2400

ACAGCCCGGA TCTCATCCTG CCCCTGCATG GACTGAGGAA CGTCAAAGCC ATCGACTATG 2460

ACCCACTGGA CAAGTTCATC TACTGGGTGG ATGGGCGCCA GAACATCAAG CGAGCCAAGG 2520

ACGACGGGAC CCAGCCCTTT GTTTTGACCT CTCTGAGCCA AGGCCAAAAC CCAGACAGGC 2580

AGCCCCACGA CCTCAGCATC GACATCTACA GCCGGACACT GTTCTGGACG TGCGAGGCCA 2640

CCAATACCAT CAACGTCCAC AGGCTGAGCG GGGAAGCCAT GGGGGTGGTG CTGCGTGGGG 2700

ACCGCGACAA GCCCAGGGCC ATCGTCGTCA ACGCGGAGCG AGGGTACCTG TACTTCACCA 2760

ACATGCAGGA CCGGGCAGCC AAGATCGAAC GCGCAGCCCT GGACGGCACC GAGCGCGAGG 2820

TCCTCTTCAC CACCGGCCTC ATCCGCCCTG TGGCCCTGGT GGTAGACAAC ACACTGGGCA 2880

AGCTGTTCTG GGTGGACGCG GACCTGAAGC GCATTGAGAG CTGTGACCTG TCAGGGGCCA 2940

ACCGCCTGAC CCTGGAGGAC GCCAACATCG TGCAGCCTCT GGGCCTGACC ATCCTTGGCA 3000

AGCATCTCTA CTGGATCGAC CGCCAGCAGC AGATGATCGA GCGTGTGGAG AAGACCACCG 3060

GGGACAAGCG GACTCGCATC CAGGGCCGTG TCGCCCACCT CACTGGCATC CATGCAGTGG 3120

AGGAAGTCAG CCTGGAGGAG TTCTCAGCCC ACCCATGTGC CCGTGACAAT GGTGGCTGCT 3180

CCCACATCTG TATTGCCAAG GGTGATGGGA CACCACGGTG CTCATGCCCA GTCCACCTCG 3240

TGCTCCTGCA GAACCTGCTG ACCTGTGGAG AGCCGCCCAC CTGCTCCCCG GACCAGTTTG 3300

CATGTGCCAC AGGGGAGATC GACTGTATCC CCGGGGCCTG GCGCTGTGAC GGCTTTCCCG 3360

AGTGCGATGA CCAGAGCGAC GAGGAGGGCT GCCCCGTGTG CTCCGCCGCC CAGTTCCCCT 3420

GCGCGCGGGG TCAGTGTGTG GACCTGCGCC TGCGCTGCGA CGGCGAGGCA GACTGTCAGG 3480

ACCGCTCAGA CGAGGCGGAC TGTGACGCCA TCTGCCTGCC CAACCAGTTC CGGTGTGCGA 3540

GCGGCCAGTG TGTCCTCATC AAACAGCAGT GCGACTCCTT CCCCGACTGT ATCGACGGCT 3600

CCGACGAGCT CATGTGTGAA ATCACCAAGC CGCCCTCAGA CGACAGCCCG GCCCACAGCA 3660

GTGCCATCGG GCCCGTCATT GGCATCATCC TCTCTCTCTT CGTCATGGGT GGTGTCTATT 3720

TTGTGTGCCA GCGCGTGGTG TGCCAGCGCT ATGCGGGGGC CAACGGGCCC TTCCCGCACG 3780

AGTATGTCAG CGGGACCCCG CACGTGCCCC TCAATTTCAT AGCCCCGGGC GGTTCCCAGC 3840

ATGGCCCCTT CACAGGCATC GCATGCGGAA AGTCCATGAT GAGCTCCGTG AGCCTGATGG 3900

GGGGCCGGGG CGGGGTGCCC CTCTACGACC GGAACCACGT CACAGGGGCC TCGTCCAGCA 3960

›REFERENCES · 9 of 30

GCTCGTCCAG CACGAAGGCC ACGCTGTACC CGCCGATCCT GAACCCGCCG CCCTCCCCGG 4020

CCACGGACCC CTCCCTGTAC AACATGGACA TGTTCTACTC TTCAAACATT CCGGCCACTG 4080

TGAGACCGTA CAGGCCCTAC ATCATTCGAG AATGGCGCCC CCGACGACGC CCTGCAGCAC 4140

CGACGTGTGT GACAGCGACT ACAGCGCCAG CCGCTGGAAG GCCAGCAAGT ACTACCTGGA 4200

TTTGAACTCG GACTCAGACC CCTATCCACC CCCACCCACG CCCCACAGCC AGTACCTGTC 4260

GGCGGAGGAC AGCTGCCCGC CCTCGCCCGC CACCGAGAGG AGCTACTTCC ATCTCTTCCC 4320

GCCCCCTCCG TCCCCCTGCA CGGACTCATC C 4351

1451 amino acids

amino acid

linear

25

Met Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp Gly Glu Thr Pro Arg Ile Glu Arg Ala Gly

1 5 10 15

Met Asp Gly Ser Thr Arg Lys Ile Ile Val Asp Ser Asp Ile Tyr Trp

20 25 30

Pro Asn Gly Leu Thr Ile Asp Leu Glu Glu Gln Lys Leu Tyr Trp Ala

35 40 45

Asp Ala Lys Leu Ser Phe Ile His Arg Ala Asn Leu Asp Gly Ser Phe

50 55 60

Arg Gln Lys Val Val Glu Gly Ser Leu Thr His Pro Phe Ala Leu Thr

65 70 75 80

Leu Ser Gly Asp Thr Leu Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp Gln Thr Arg Ser Ile

85 90 95

His Ala Cys Asn Lys Arg Thr Gly Gly Lys Arg Lys Glu Ile Leu Ser

100 105 110

Ala Leu Tyr Ser Pro Met Asp Ile Gln Val Leu Ser Gln Glu Arg Gln

115 120 125

Pro Phe Phe His Thr Arg Cys Glu Glu Asp Asn Gly Gly Cys Ser His

130 135 140

Leu Cys Leu Leu Ser Pro Ser Glu Pro Phe Tyr Thr Cys Ala Cys Pro

145 150 155 160

Thr Gly Val Gln Leu Gln Asp Asn Gly Arg Thr Cys Lys Ala Gly Ala

165 170 175

Glu Glu Val Leu Leu Leu Ala Arg Arg Thr Asp Leu Arg Arg Ile Ser

180 185 190

Leu Asp Thr Pro Asp Phe Thr Asp Ile Val Leu Gln Val Asp Asp Ile

195 200 205

Arg His Ala Ile Ala Ile Asp Tyr Asp Pro Leu Glu Gly Tyr Val Tyr

210 215 220

Trp Thr Asp Asp Glu Val Arg Ala Ile Arg Arg Ala Tyr Leu Asp Gly

225 230 235 240

Ser Gly Ala Gln Thr Leu Val Asn Thr Glu Ile Asn Asp Pro Asp Gly

245 250 255

Ile Ala Val Asp Trp Val Ala Arg Asn Leu Tyr Trp Thr Asp Thr Gly

260 265 270

Thr Asp Arg Ile Glu Val Thr Arg Leu Asn Gly Thr Ser Arg Lys Ile

275 280 285

Leu Val Ser Glu Asp Leu Asp Glu Pro Arg Ala Ile Ala Leu His Pro

290 295 300

Val Met Gly Leu Met Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp Gly Glu Asn Pro Lys Ile

305 310 315 320

Glu Cys Ala Asn Leu Asp Gly Gln Glu Arg Arg Val Leu Val Asn Ala

325 330 335

Ser Leu Gly Trp Pro Asn Gly Leu Ala Leu Asp Leu Gln Glu Gly Lys

340 345 350

Leu Tyr Trp Gly Asp Ala Lys Thr Asp Lys Ile Glu Val Ile Asn Val

355 360 365

Asp Gly Thr Lys Arg Arg Thr Leu Leu Glu Asp Lys Leu Pro His Ile

370 375 380

Phe Gly Phe Thr Leu Leu Gly Asp Phe Ile Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp Gln

385 390 395 400

Arg Arg Ser Ile Glu Arg Val His Lys Val Lys Ala Ser Arg Asp Val

405 410 415

Ile Ile Asp Gln Leu Pro Asp Leu Met Gly Leu Lys Ala Val Asn Val

420 425 430

Ala Lys Val Val Gly Thr Asn Pro Cys Ala Asp Arg Asn Gly Gly Cys

435 440 445

Ser His Leu Cys Phe Phe Thr Pro His Ala Thr Arg Cys Gly Cys Pro

450 455 460

Ile Gly Leu Glu Leu Leu Ser Asp Met Lys Thr Cys Ile Val Pro Glu

465 470 475 480

Ala Phe Leu Val Phe Thr Ser Arg Ala Ala Ile His Arg Ile Ser Leu

485 490 495

Glu Thr Asn Asn Asn Asp Val Ala Ile Pro Leu Thr Gly Val Lys Glu

500 505 510

Ala Ser Ala Leu Asp Phe Asp Val Ser Asn Asn His Ile Tyr Trp Thr

515 520 525

Asp Val Ser Leu Lys Thr Ile Ser Arg Ala Phe Met Asn Gly Ser Ser

530 535 540

Val Glu His Val Val Glu Phe Gly Leu Asp Tyr Pro Glu Gly Met Ala

545 550 555 560

Val Asp Trp Met Gly Lys Asn Leu Tyr Trp Ala Asp Thr Gly Thr Asn

565 570 575

Arg Ile Glu Val Ala Arg Leu Asp Gly Gln Phe Arg Gln Val Leu Val

580 585 590

Trp Arg Asp Leu Asp Asn Pro Arg Ser Leu Ala Leu Asp Pro Thr Lys

595 600 605

Gly Tyr Ile Tyr Trp Thr Glu Trp Gly Gly Lys Pro Arg Ile Val Arg

610 615 620

Ala Phe Met Asp Gly Thr Asn Cys Met Thr Leu Val Asp Lys Val Gly

625 630 635 640

Arg Ala Asn Asp Leu Thr Ile Asp Tyr Ala Asp Gln Arg Leu Tyr Trp

645 650 655

Thr Asp Leu Asp Thr Asn Met Ile Glu Ser Ser Asn Met Leu Gly Gln

660 665 670

Glu Arg Val Val Ile Ala Asp Asp Leu Pro His Pro Phe Gly Leu Thr

675 680 685

Gln Tyr Ser Asp Tyr Ile Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp Asn Leu His Ser Ile

690 695 700

Glu Arg Ala Asp Lys Thr Ser Gly Arg Asn Arg Thr Leu Ile Gln Gly

705 710 715 720

His Leu Asp Phe Val Met Asp Ile Leu Val Phe His Ser Ser Arg Gln

725 730 735

Asp Gly Leu Asn Asp Cys Met His Asn Asn Gly Gln Cys Gly Gln Leu

740 745 750

Cys Leu Ala Ile Pro Gly Gly His Arg Cys Gly Cys Ala Ser His Tyr

755 760 765

Thr Leu Asp Pro Ser Ser Arg Asn Cys Ser Pro Pro Thr Thr Phe Leu

770 775 780

Leu Phe Ser Gln Lys Ser Ala Ile Ser Arg Met Ile Pro Asp Asp Gln

785 790 795 800

His Ser Pro Asp Leu Ile Leu Pro Leu His Gly Leu Arg Asn Val Lys

805 810 815

Ala Ile Asp Tyr Asp Pro Leu Asp Lys Phe Ile Tyr Trp Val Asp Gly

820 825 830

Arg Gln Asn Ile Lys Arg Ala Lys Asp Asp Gly Thr Gln Pro Phe Val

835 840 845

Leu Thr Ser Leu Ser Gln Gly Gln Asn Pro Asp Arg Gln Pro His Asp

850 855 860

Leu Ser Ile Asp Ile Tyr Ser Arg Thr Leu Phe Trp Thr Cys Glu Ala

865 870 875 880

Thr Asn Thr Ile Asn Val His Arg Leu Ser Gly Glu Ala Met Gly Val

885 890 895

Val Leu Arg Gly Asp Arg Asp Lys Pro Arg Ala Ile Val Val Asn Ala

900 905 910

Glu Arg Gly Tyr Leu Tyr Phe Thr Asn Met Gln Asp Arg Ala Ala Lys

915 920 925

Ile Glu Arg Ala Ala Leu Asp Gly Thr Glu Arg Glu Val Leu Phe Thr

930 935 940

Thr Gly Leu Ile Arg Pro Val Ala Leu Val Val Asp Asn Thr Leu Gly

945 950 955 960

Lys Leu Phe Trp Val Asp Ala Asp Leu Lys Arg Ile Glu Ser Cys Asp

965 970 975

Leu Ser Gly Ala Asn Arg Leu Thr Leu Glu Asp Ala Asn Ile Val Gln

980 985 990

Pro Leu Gly Leu Thr Ile Leu Gly Lys His Leu Tyr Trp Ile Asp Arg

995 1000 1005

Gln Gln Gln Met Ile Glu Arg Val Glu Lys Thr Thr Gly Asp Lys Arg

1010 1015 1020

Thr Arg Ile Gln Gly Arg Val Ala His Leu Thr Gly Ile His Ala Val

1025 1030 1035 1040

Glu Glu Val Ser Leu Glu Glu Phe Ser Ala His Pro Cys Ala Arg Asp

1045 1050 1055

Asn Gly Gly Cys Ser His Ile Cys Ile Ala Lys Gly Asp Gly Thr Pro

1060 1065 1070

Arg Cys Ser Cys Pro Val His Leu Val Leu Leu Gln Asn Leu Leu Thr

1075 1080 1085

Cys Gly Glu Pro Pro Thr Cys Ser Pro Asp Gln Phe Ala Cys Ala Thr

1090 1095 1100

Gly Glu Ile Asp Cys Ile Pro Gly Ala Trp Arg Cys Asp Gly Phe Pro

1105 1110 1115 1120

Glu Cys Asp Asp Gln Ser Asp Glu Glu Gly Cys Pro Val Cys Ser Ala

1125 1130 1135

Ala Gln Phe Pro Cys Ala Arg Gly Gln Cys Val Asp Leu Arg Leu Arg

1140 1145 1150

Cys Asp Gly Glu Ala Asp Cys Gln Asp Arg Ser Asp Glu Ala Asp Cys

1155 1160 1165

Asp Ala Ile Cys Leu Pro Asn Gln Phe Arg Cys Ala Ser Gly Gln Cys

›REFERENCES · 10 of 30

1170 1175 1180

Val Leu Ile Lys Gln Gln Cys Asp Ser Phe Pro Asp Cys Ile Asp Gly

1185 1190 1195 1200

Ser Asp Glu Leu Met Cys Glu Ile Thr Lys Pro Pro Ser Asp Asp Ser

1205 1210 1215

Pro Ala His Ser Ser Ala Ile Gly Pro Val Ile Gly Ile Ile Leu Ser

1220 1225 1230

Leu Phe Val Met Gly Gly Val Tyr Phe Val Cys Gln Arg Val Val Cys

1235 1240 1245

Gln Arg Tyr Ala Gly Ala Asn Gly Pro Phe Pro His Glu Tyr Val Ser

1250 1255 1260

Gly Thr Pro His Val Pro Leu Asn Phe Ile Ala Pro Gly Gly Ser Gln

1265 1270 1275 1280

His Gly Pro Phe Thr Gly Ile Ala Cys Gly Lys Ser Met Met Ser Ser

1285 1290 1295

Val Ser Leu Met Gly Gly Arg Gly Gly Val Pro Leu Tyr Asp Arg Asn

1300 1305 1310

His Val Thr Gly Ala Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Thr Lys Ala Thr

1315 1320 1325

Leu Tyr Pro Pro Ile Leu Asn Pro Pro Pro Ser Pro Ala Thr Asp Pro

1330 1335 1340

Ser Leu Tyr Asn Met Asp Met Phe Tyr Ser Ser Asn Ile Pro Ala Thr

1345 1350 1355 1360

Val Arg Pro Tyr Arg Pro Tyr Ile Ile Arg Gly Met Ala Pro Pro Thr

1365 1370 1375

Thr Pro Cys Ser Thr Asp Val Cys Asp Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ala Ser Arg

1380 1385 1390

Trp Lys Ala Ser Lys Tyr Tyr Leu Asp Leu Asn Ser Asp Ser Asp Pro

1395 1400 1405

Tyr Pro Pro Pro Pro Thr Pro His Ser Gln Tyr Leu Ser Ala Glu Asp

1410 1415 1420

Ser Cys Pro Pro Ser Pro Ala Thr Glu Arg Ser Tyr Phe His Leu Phe

1425 1430 1435 1440

Pro Pro Pro Pro Ser Pro Cys Thr Asp Ser Ser

1445 1450

5125 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

26

TAAATGGCTT GGCAAAGGGA GTTCATTCCT TTTAGCGCTT CCATCTTCTG CAGTGAGAGG 60

ACACCGCATT CTTCTTCTCC AGAGGATGCA GCAGCAAGGC GCCATCTTGA AACCAGAGAC 120

CAAACCAACC AGCAACTTCG TCTTGAACTT CCCAGCCTCC ACAACTCCTC GCCGCTCCTG 180

CTATTTGCCA ACCGCCGGGA CGTACGGCTG GTGGACGCCG GCGGAGTCAA GCTGGAGTCC 240

ACCATCGTGG TCAGCGGCCT GGAGGATGCG GCCGCAGTGG ACTTCCAGTT TTCCAAGGGA 300

GCCGTGTACT GGACAGACGT GAGCGAGGAG GCCATCAAGC AGACCTACCT GAACCAGACG 360

GGGGCCGCCG TGCAGAACGT GGTCATCTCC GGCCTGGTCT CTCCCGACGG CCTCGCCTGC 420

GACTGGGTGG GCAAGAAGCT GTACTGGACG GACTCAGAGA CCAACCGCAT CGAGGTGGCC 480

AACCTCAATG GCACATCCCG GAAGGTGCTC TTCTGGCAGG ACCTTGACCA GCCGAGGGCC 540

ATCGCCTTGG ACCCCGCTCA CGGGTACATG TACTGGACAG ACTGGGGTGA GACGCCCCGG 600

ATTGAGCGGG CAGGGATGGA TGGCAGCACC CGGAAGATCA TTGTGGACTC GGACATTTAC 660

TGGCCCAATG GACTGACCAT CGACCTGGAG GAGCAGAAGC TCTACTGGGC TGACGCCAAG 720

CTCAGCTTCA TCCACCGTGC CAACCTGGAC GGCTCGTTCC GGCAGAAGGT GGTGGAGGGC 780

AGCCTGACGC ACCCCTTCGC CCTGACGCTC TCCGGGGACA CTCTGTACTG GACAGACTGG 840

CAGACCCGCT CCATCCATGC CTGCAACAAG CGCACTGGGG GGAAGAGGAA GGAGATCCTG 900

AGTGCCCTCT ACTCACCCAT GGACATCCAG GTGCTGAGCC AGGAGCGGCA GCCTTTCTTC 960

CACACTCGCT GTGAGGAGGA CAATGGCGGC TGCTCCCACC TGTGCCTGCT GTCCCCAAGC 1020

GAGCCTTTCT ACACATGCGC CTGCCCCACG GGTGTGCAGC TGCAGGACAA CGGCAGGACG 1080

TGTAAGGCAG GAGCCGAGGA GGTGCTGCTG CTGGCCCGGC GGACGGACCT ACGGAGGATC 1140

TCGCTGGACA CGCCGGACTT TACCGACATC GTGCTGCAGG TGGACGACAT CCGGCACGCC 1200

ATTGCCATCG ACTACGACCC GCTAGAGGGC TATGTCTACT GGACAGATGA CGAGGTGCGG 1260

GCCATCCGCA GGGCGTACCT GGACGGGTCT GGGGCGCAGA CGCTGGTCAA CACCGAGATC 1320

AACGACCCCG ATGGCATCGC GGTCGACTGG GTGGCCCGAA ACCTCTACTG GACCGACACG 1380

GGCACGGACC GCATCGAGGT GACGCGCCTC AACGGCACCT CCCGCAAGAT CCTGGTGTCG 1440

GAGGACCTGG ACGAGCCCCG AGCCATCGCA CTGCACCCCG TGATGGGCCT CATGTACTGG 1500

ACAGACTGGG GAGAGAACCC TAAAATCGAG TGTGCCAACT TGGATGGGCA GGAGCGGCGT 1560

GTGCTGGTCA ATGCCTCCCT CGGGTGGCCC AACGGCCTGG CCCTGGACCT GCAGGAGGGG 1620

AAGCTCTACT GGGGAGACGC CAAGACAGAC AAGATCGAGG TGATCAATGT TGATGGGACG 1680

AAGAGGCGGA CCCTCCTGGA GGACAAGCTC CCGCACATTT TCGGGTTCAC GCTGCTGGGG 1740

GACTTCATCT ACTGGACTGA CTGGCAGCGC CGCAGCATCG AGCGGGTGCA CAAGGTCAAG 1800

GCCAGCCGGG ACGTCATCAT TGACCAGCTG CCCGACCTGA TGGGGCTCAA AGCTGTGAAT 1860

GTGGCCAAGG TCGTCGGAAC CAACCCGTGT GCGGACAGGA ACGGGGGGTG CAGCCACCTG 1920

TGCTTCTTCA CACCCCACGC AACCCGGTGT GGCTGCCCCA TCGGCCTGGA GCTGCTGAGT 1980

GACATGAAGA CCTGCATCGT GCCTGAGGCC TTCTTGGTCT TCACCAGCAG AGCCGCCATC 2040

CACAGGATTC CCTCGAGACC AATAACAACG ACGTGGCCAT CCCGCTCACG GGCGTCAAGG 2100

AGGCCTCAGC CCTGGACTTT GATGTGTCCA ACAACCACAT CTACTGGACA GACGTCAGCC 2160

TGAAGACCAT CAGCCGCGCC TTCATGAACG GGAGCTCGGT GGAGCACGTG GTGGAGTTTG 2220

GCCTTGACTA CCCCGAGGGC ATGGCCGTTG ACTGGATGGG CAAGAACCTC TACTGGGCCG 2280

ACACTGGGAC CAACAGAATC GAAGTGGCGC GGCTGGACGG GCAGTTCCGG CAAGTCCTCG 2340

TGTGGAGGGA CTTGGACAAC CCGAGGTCGC TGGCCCTGGA TCCCACCAAG GGCTACATCT 2400

ACTGGACCGA GTGGGGCGGC AAGCCGAGGA TCGTGCGGGC CTTCATGGAC GGGACCAACT 2460

GCATGACGCT GGTGGACAAG GTGGGCCGGG CCAACGACCT CACCATTGAC TACGCTGACC 2520

AGCGCCTCTA CTGGACCGAC CTGGACACCA ACATGATCGA GTCGTCCAAC ATGCTGGGTC 2580

AGGAGCGGGT CGTGATTGCC GACGATCTCC CGCACCCGTT CGGTCTGACG CAGTACAGCG 2640

ATTATATCTA CTGGACAGAC TGGAATCTGC ACAGCATTGA GCGGGCCGAC AAGACTAGCG 2700

GCCGGAACCG CACCCTCATC CAGGGCCACC TGGACTTCGT GATGGACATC CTGGTGTTCC 2760

ACTCCTCCCG CCAGGATGGC CTCAATGACT GTATGCACAA CAACGGGCAG TGTGGGCAGC 2820

TGTGCCTTGC CATCCCCGGC GGCCACCGCT GCGGCTGCGC CTCACACTAC ACCCTGGACC 2880

CCAGCAGCCG CAACTGCAGC CCGCCCACCA CCTTCTTGCT GTTCAGCCAG AAATCTGCCA 2940

TCAGTCGGAT GATCCCGGAC GACCAGCACA GCCCGGATCT CATCCTGCCC CTGCATGGAC 3000

TGAGGAACGT CAAAGCCATC GACTATGACC CACTGGACAA GTTCATCTAC TGGGTGGATG 3060

GGCGCCAGAA CATCAAGCGA GCCAAGGACG ACGGGACCCA GCCCTTTGTT TTGACCTCTC 3120

TGAGCCAAGG CCAAAACCCA GACAGGCAGC CCCACGACCT CAGCATCGAC ATCTACAGCC 3180

GGACACTGTT CTGGACGTGC GAGGCCACCA ATACCATCAA CGTCCACAGG CTGAGCGGGG 3240

AAGCCATGGG GGTGGTGCTG CGTGGGGACC GCGACAAGCC CAGGGCCATC GTCGTCAACG 3300

CGGAGCGAGG GTACCTGTAC TTCACCAACA TGCAGGACCG GGCAGCCAAG ATCGAACGCG 3360

CAGCCCTGGA CGGCACCGAG CGCGAGGTCC TCTTCACCAC CGGCCTCATC CGCCCTGTGG 3420

CCCTGGTGGT AGACAACACA CTGGGCAAGC TGTTCTGGGT GGACGCGGAC CTGAAGCGCA 3480

TTGAGAGCTG TGACCTGTCA GGGGCCAACC GCCTGACCCT GGAGGACGCC AACATCGTGC 3540

AGCCTCTGGG CCTGACCATC CTTGGCAAGC ATCTCTACTG GATCGACCGC CAGCAGCAGA 3600

TGATCGAGCG TGTGGAGAAG ACCACCGGGG ACAAGCGGAC TCGCATCCAG GGCCGTGTCG 3660

CCCACCTCAC TGGCATCCAT GCAGTGGAGG AAGTCAGCCT GGAGGAGTTC TCAGCCCACC 3720

CATGTGCCCG TGACAATGGT GGCTGCTCCC ACATCTGTAT TGCCAAGGGT GATGGGACAC 3780

CACGGTGCTC ATGCCCAGTC CACCTCGTGC TCCTGCAGAA CCTGCTGACC TGTGGAGAGC 3840

CGCCCACCTG CTCCCCGGAC CAGTTTGCAT GTGCCACAGG GGAGATCGAC TGTATCCCCG 3900

GGGCCTGGCG CTGTGACGGC TTTCCCGAGT GCGATGACCA GAGCGACGAG GAGGGCTGCC 3960

CCGTGTGCTC CGCCGCCCAG TTCCCCTGCG CGCGGGGTCA GTGTGTGGAC CTGCGCCTGC 4020

›REFERENCES · 11 of 30

GCTGCGACGG CGAGGCAGAC TGTCAGGACC GCTCAGACGA GGCGGACTGT GACGCCATCT 4080

GCCTGCCCAA CCAGTTCCGG TGTGCGAGCG GCAGTGTGTC CTCATCAAAC AGCAGTGCGA 4140

CTCCTTCCCC GACTGTATCG ACGGCTCCGA CGAGCTCATG TGTGAAATCA CCAAGCCGCC 4200

CTCAGACGAC AGCCCGGCCC ACAGCAGTGC CATCGGGCCC GTCATTGGCA TCATCCTCTC 4260

TCTCTTCGTC ATGGGTGGTG TCTATTTTGT GTGCCAGCGC GTGGTGTGCC AGCGCTATGC 4320

GGGGGCCAAC GGGCCCTTCC CGCACGAGTA TGTCAGCGGG ACCCCGCACG TGCCCCTCAA 4380

TTTCATAGCC CCGGGCGGTT CCCAGCATGG CCCCTTCACA GGCATCGCAT GCGGAAAGTC 4440

CATGATGAGC TCCGTGAGCC TGATGGGGGG CCGGGGCGGG GTGCCCCTCT ACGACCGGAA 4500

CCACGTCACA GGGGCCTCGT CCAGCAGCTC GTCCAGCACG AAGGCCACGC TGTACCCGCC 4560

GATCCTGAAC CCGCCGCCCT CCCCGGCCAC GGACCCCTCC CTGTACAACA TGGACATGTT 4620

CTACTCTTCA AACATTCCGG CCACTGCGAG ACCGTACAGG CCCTACATCA TTCGAGGAAT 4680

GGCGCCCCCG ACGACGCCCT GCAGCACCGA CGTGTGTGAC AGCGACTACA GCGCCAGCCG 4740

CTGGAAGGCC AGCAAGTACT ACCTGGATTT GAACTCGGAC TCAGACCCCT ATCCACCCCC 4800

ACCCACGCCC CACAGCCAGT ACCTGTCGGC GGAGGACAGC TGCCCGCCCT CGCCCGCCAC 4860

CGAGAGGAGC TACTTCCATC TCTTCCCGCC CCCTCCGTCC CCCTGCACGG ACTCATCCTG 4920

ACCTCGGCCG GGCCACTCTG GCTTCTCTGT GCCCCTGTAA ATAGTTTTAA ATATGAACAA 4980

AGAAAAAAAT ATATTTTATG ATTTAAAAAA TAAATATAAT TGGGATTTTA AAAACATGAG 5040

AAATGTGAAC TGTGATGGGG TGGGCAGGGC TGGGAGAACT TTGTACAGTG GAACAAATAT 5100

TTATAAACTT AATTTTGTAA AACAG 5125

167 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

27

TAAAATGGCT TGGCAAAGGG AGTTCATTCC TTTTAGCGCT TCCATCTTCT GCAGTGAGAG 60

GACACCGCAT TCTTCTTCTC CAGAGGATGC AGCAGCAAGG CGCCATCTTG AAACCAGAGA 120

CCAAACCAAC CAGCAACTTC GTCTTGAACT TCCCAGCCTC CACAACT 167

4915 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

28

ATGGCTTGGC AAAGGGAGTT CATTCCTTTT AGCGCTTCCA TCTTCTGCAG TGAGAGGACA 60

CCGCATTCTT CTTCTCCAGA GGATGCAGCA GCAAGGCGCC ATCTTGAAAC CAGAGACCAA 120

ACCAACCAGC AACTTCGTCT TGAACTTCCC AGCCTCCACA ACTCCTCGCC GCTCCTGCTA 180

TTTGCCAACC GCCGGGACGT ACGGCTGGTG GACGCCGGCG GAGTCAAGCT GGAGTCCACC 240

ATCGTGGTCA GCGGCCTGGA GGATGCGGCC GCAGTGGACT TCCAGTTTTC CAAGGGAGCC 300

GTGTACTGGA CAGACGTGAG CGAGGAGGCC ATCAAGCAGA CCTACCTGAA CCAGACGGGG 360

GCCGCCGTGC AGAACGTGGT CATCTCCGGC CTGGTCTCTC CCGACGGCCT CGCCTGCGAC 420

TGGGTGGGCA AGAAGCTGTA CTGGACGGAC TCAGAGACCA ACCGCATCGA GGTGGCCAAC 480

CTCAATGGCA CATCCCGGAA GGTGCTCTTC TGGCAGGACC TTGACCAGCC GAGGGCCATC 540

GCCTTGGACC CCGCTCACGG GTACATGTAC TGGACAGACT GGGGTGAGAC GCCCCGGATT 600

GAGCGGGCAG GGATGGATGG CAGCACCCGG AAGATCATTG TGGACTCGGA CATTTACTGG 660

CCCAATGGAC TGACCATCGA CCTGGAGGAG CAGAAGCTCT ACTGGGCTGA CGCCAAGCTC 720

AGCTTCATCC ACCGTGCCAA CCTGGACGGC TCGTTCCGGC AGAAGGTGGT GGAGGGCAGC 780

CTGACGCACC CCTTCGCCCT GACGCTCTCC GGGGACACTC TGTACTGGAC AGACTGGCAG 840

ACCCGCTCCA TCCATGCCTG CAACAAGCGC ACTGGGGGGA AGAGGAAGGA GATCCTGAGT 900

GCCCTCTACT CACCCATGGA CATCCAGGTG CTGAGCCAGG AGCGGCAGCC TTTCTTCCAC 960

ACTCGCTGTG AGGAGGACAA TGGCGGCTGC TCCCACCTGT GCCTGCTGTC CCCAAGCGAG 1020

CCTTTCTACA CATGCGCCTG CCCCACGGGT GTGCAGCTGC AGGACAACGG CAGGACGTGT 1080

AAGGCAGGAG CCGAGGAGGT GCTGCTGCTG GCCCGGCGGA CGGACCTACG GAGGATCTCG 1140

CTGGACACGC CGGACTTTAC CGACATCGTG CTGCAGGTGG ACGACATCCG GCACGCCATT 1200

GCCATCGACT ACGACCCGCT AGAGGGCTAT GTCTACTGGA CAGATGACGA GGTGCGGGCC 1260

ATCCGCAGGG CGTACCTGGA CGGGTCTGGG GCGCAGACGC TGGTCAACAC CGAGATCAAC 1320

GACCCCGATG GCATCGCGGT CGACTGGGTG GCCCGAAACC TCTACTGGAC CGACACGGGC 1380

ACGGACCGCA TCGAGGTGAC GCGCCTCAAC GGCACCTCCC GCAAGATCCT GGTGTCGGAG 1440

GACCTGGACG AGCCCCGAGC CATCGCACTG CACCCCGTGA TGGGCCTCAT GTACTGGACA 1500

GACTGGGGAG AGAACCCTAA AATCGAGTGT GCCAACTTGG ATGGGCAGGA GCGGCGTGTG 1560

CTGGTCAATG CCTCCCTCGG GTGGCCCAAC GGCCTGGCCC TGGACCTGCA GGAGGGGAAG 1620

CTCTACTGGG GAGACGCCAA GACAGACAAG ATCGAGGTGA TCAATGTTGA TGGGACGAAG 1680

AGGCGGACCC TCCTGGAGGA CAAGCTCCCG CACATTTTCG GGTTCACGCT GCTGGGGGAC 1740

TTCATCTACT GGACTGACTG GCAGCGCCGC AGCATCGAGC GGGTGCACAA GGTCAAGGCC 1800

AGCCGGGACG TCATCATTGA CCAGCTGCCC GACCTGATGG GGCTCAAAGC TGTGAATGTG 1860

GCCAAGGTCG TCGGAACCAA CCCGTGTGCG GACAGGAACG GGGGGTGCAG CCACCTGTGC 1920

TTCTTCACAC CCCACGCAAC CCGGTGTGGC TGCCCCATCG GCCTGGAGCT GCTGAGTGAC 1980

ATGAAGACCT GCATCGTGCC TGAGGCCTTC TTGGTCTTCA CCAGCAGAGC CGCCATCCAC 2040

AGGATCTCCT CGAGACCAAT AACAACGACG TGGCCATCCC GCTCACGGGC GTCAAGGAGG 2100

CCTCAGCCCT GGACTTTGAT GTGTCCAACA ACCACATCTA CTGGACAGAC GTCAGCCTGA 2160

AGACCATCAG CCGCGCCTTC ATGAACGGGA GCTCGGTGGA GCACGTGGTG GAGTTTGGCC 2220

TTGACTACCC CGAGGGCATG GCCGTTGACT GGATGGGCAA GAACCTCTAC TGGGCCGACA 2280

CTGGGACCAA CAGAATCGAA GTGGCGCGGC TGGACGGGCA GTTCCGGCAA GTCCTCGTGT 2340

GGAGGGACTT GGACAACCCG AGGTCGCTGG CCCTGGATCC CACCAAGGGC TACATCTACT 2400

GGACCGAGTG GGGCGGCAAG CCGAGGATCG TGCGGGCCTT CATGGACGGG ACCAACTGCA 2460

TGACGCTGGT GGACAAGGTG GGCCGGGCCA ACGACCTCAC CATTGACTAC GCTGACCAGC 2520

GCCTCTACTG GACCGACCTG GACACCAACA TGATCGAGTC GTCCAACATG CTGGGTCAGG 2580

AGCGGGTCGT GATTGCCGAC GATCTCCCGC ACCCGTTCGG TCTGACGCAG TACAGCGATT 2640

ATATCTACTG GACAGACTGG AATCTGCACA GCATTGAGCG GGCCGACAAG ACTAGCGGCC 2700

GGAACCGCAC CCTCATCCAG GGCCACCTGG ACTTCGTGAT GGACATCCTG GTGTTCCACT 2760

CCTCCCGCCA GGATGGCCTC AATGACTGTA TGCACAACAA CGGGCAGTGT GGGCAGCTGT 2820

GCCTTGCCAT CCCCGGCGGC CACCGCTGCG GCTGCGCCTC ACACTACACC CTGGACCCCA 2880

GCAGCCGCAA CTGCAGCCCG CCCACCACCT TCTTGCTGTT CAGCCAGAAA TCTGCCATCA 2940

GTCGGATGAT CCCGGACGAC CAGCACAGCC CGGATCTCAT CCTGCCCCTG CATGGACTGA 3000

GGAACGTCAA AGCCATCGAC TATGACCCAC TGGACAAGTT CATCTACTGG GTGGATGGGC 3060

GCCAGAACAT CAAGCGAGCC AAGGACGACG GGACCCAGCC CTTTGTTTTG ACCTCTCTGA 3120

GCCAAGGCCA AAACCCAGAC AGGCAGCCCC ACGACCTCAG CATCGACATC TACAGCCGGA 3180

CACTGTTCTG GACGTGCGAG GCCACCAATA CCATCAACGT CCACAGGCTG AGCGGGGAAG 3240

CCATGGGGGT GGTGCTGCGT GGGGACCGCG ACAAGCCCAG GGCCATCGTC GTCAACGCGG 3300

AGCGAGGGTA CCTGTACTTC ACCAACATGC AGGACCGGGC AGCCAAGATC GAACGCGCAG 3360

CCCTGGACGG CACCGAGCGC GAGGTCCTCT TCACCACCGG CCTCATCCGC CCTGTGGCCC 3420

TGGTGGTAGA CAACACACTG GGCAAGCTGT TCTGGGTGGA CGCGGACCTG AAGCGCATTG 3480

AGAGCTGTGA CCTGTCAGGG GCCAACCGCC TGACCCTGGA GGACGCCAAC ATCGTGCAGC 3540

CTCTGGGCCT GACCATCCTT GGCAAGCATC TCTACTGGAT CGACCGCCAG CAGCAGATGA 3600

TCGAGCGTGT GGAGAAGACC ACCGGGGACA AGCGGACTCG CATCCAGGGC CGTGTCGCCC 3660

ACCTCACTGG CATCCATGCA GTGGAGGAAG TCAGCCTGGA GGAGTTCTCA GCCCACCCAT 3720

GTGCCCGTGA CAATGGTGGC TGCTCCCACA TCTGTATTGC CAAGGGTGAT GGGACACCAC 3780

GGTGCTCATG CCCAGTCCAC CTCGTGCTCC TGCAGAACCT GCTGACCTGT GGAGAGCCGC 3840

›REFERENCES · 12 of 30

CCACCTGCTC CCCGGACCAG TTTGCATGTG CCACAGGGGA GATCGACTGT ATCCCCGGGG 3900

CCTGGCGCTG TGACGGCTTT CCCGAGTGCG ATGACCAGAG CGACGAGGAG GGCTGCCCCG 3960

TGTGCTCCGC CGCCCAGTTC CCCTGCGCGC GGGGTCAGTG TGTGGACCTG CGCCTGCGCT 4020

GCGACGGCGA GGCAGACTGT CAGGACCGCT CAGACGAGGC GGACTGTGAC GCCATCTGCC 4080

TGCCCAACCA GTTCCGGTGT GCGAGCGGCA GTGTGTCCTC ATCAAACAGC AGTGCGACTC 4140

CTTCCCCGAC TGTATCGACG GCTCCGACGA GCTCATGTGT GAAATCACCA AGCCGCCCTC 4200

AGACGACAGC CCGGCCCACA GCAGTGCCAT CGGGCCCGTC ATTGGCATCA TCCTCTCTCT 4260

CTTCGTCATG GGTGGTGTCT ATTTTGTGTG CCAGCGCGTG GTGTGCCAGC GCTATGCGGG 4320

GGCCAACGGG CCCTTCCCGC ACGAGTATGT CAGCGGGACC CCGCACGTGC CCCTCAATTT 4380

CATAGCCCCG GGCGGTTCCC AGCATGGCCC CTTCACAGGC ATCGCATGCG GAAAGTCCAT 4440

GATGAGCTCC GTGAGCCTGA TGGGGGGCCG GGGCGGGGTG CCCCTCTACG ACCGGAACCA 4500

CGTCACAGGG GCCTCGTCCA GCAGCTCGTC CAGCACGAAG GCCACGCTGT ACCCGCCGAT 4560

CCTGAACCCG CCGCCCTCCC CGGCCACGGA CCCCTCCCTG TACAACATGG ACATGTTCTA 4620

CTCTTCAAAC ATTCCGGCCA CTGCGAGACC GTACAGGCCC TACATCATTC GAGGAATGGC 4680

GCCCCCGACG ACGCCCTGCA GCACCGACGT GTGTGACAGC GACTACAGCG CCAGCCGCTG 4740

GAAGGCCAGC AAGTACTACC TGGATTTGAA CTCGGACTCA GACCCCTATC CACCCCCACC 4800

CACGCCCCAC AGCCAGTACC TGTCGGCGGA GGACAGCTGC CCGCCCTCGC CCGCCACCGA 4860

GAGGAGCTAC TTCCATCTCT TCCCGCCCCC TCCGTCCCCC TGCACGGACT CATCC 4915

1639 amino acids

amino acid

linear

29

Met Ala Trp Gln Arg Glu Phe Ile Pro Phe Ser Ala Ser Ile Phe Cys

1 5 10 15

Ser Glu Arg Thr Pro His Ser Ser Ser Pro Glu Asp Ala Ala Ala Arg

20 25 30

Arg His Leu Glu Thr Arg Asp Gln Thr Asn Gln Gln Leu Arg Leu Glu

35 40 45

Leu Pro Ser Leu His Asn Ser Ser Pro Leu Leu Leu Phe Ala Asn Arg

50 55 60

Arg Asp Val Arg Leu Val Asp Ala Gly Gly Val Lys Leu Glu Ser Thr

65 70 75 80

Ile Val Val Ser Gly Leu Glu Asp Ala Ala Ala Val Asp Phe Gln Phe

85 90 95

Ser Lys Gly Ala Val Tyr Trp Thr Asp Val Ser Glu Glu Ala Ile Lys

100 105 110

Gln Thr Tyr Leu Asn Gln Thr Gly Ala Ala Val Gln Asn Val Val Ile

115 120 125

Ser Gly Leu Val Ser Pro Asp Gly Leu Ala Cys Asp Trp Val Gly Lys

130 135 140

Lys Leu Tyr Trp Thr Asp Ser Glu Thr Asn Arg Ile Glu Val Ala Asn

145 150 155 160

Leu Asn Gly Thr Ser Arg Lys Val Leu Phe Trp Gln Asp Leu Asp Gln

165 170 175

Pro Arg Ala Ile Ala Leu Asp Pro Ala His Gly Tyr Met Tyr Trp Thr

180 185 190

Asp Trp Gly Glu Thr Pro Arg Ile Glu Arg Ala Gly Met Asp Gly Ser

195 200 205

Thr Arg Lys Ile Ile Val Asp Ser Asp Ile Tyr Trp Pro Asn Gly Leu

210 215 220

Thr Ile Asp Leu Glu Glu Gln Lys Leu Tyr Trp Ala Asp Ala Lys Leu

225 230 235 240

Ser Phe Ile His Arg Ala Asn Leu Asp Gly Ser Phe Arg Gln Lys Val

245 250 255

Val Glu Gly Ser Leu Thr His Pro Phe Ala Leu Thr Leu Ser Gly Asp

260 265 270

Thr Leu Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp Gln Thr Arg Ser Ile His Ala Cys Asn

275 280 285

Lys Arg Thr Gly Gly Lys Arg Lys Glu Ile Leu Ser Ala Leu Tyr Ser

290 295 300

Pro Met Asp Ile Gln Val Leu Ser Gln Glu Arg Gln Pro Phe Phe His

305 310 315 320

Thr Arg Cys Glu Glu Asp Asn Gly Gly Cys Ser His Leu Cys Leu Leu

325 330 335

Ser Pro Ser Glu Pro Phe Tyr Thr Cys Ala Cys Pro Thr Gly Val Gln

340 345 350

Leu Gln Asp Asn Gly Arg Thr Cys Lys Ala Gly Ala Glu Glu Val Leu

355 360 365

Leu Leu Ala Arg Arg Thr Asp Leu Arg Arg Ile Ser Leu Asp Thr Pro

370 375 380

Asp Phe Thr Asp Ile Val Leu Gln Val Asp Asp Ile Arg His Ala Ile

385 390 395 400

Ala Ile Asp Tyr Asp Pro Leu Glu Gly Tyr Val Tyr Trp Thr Asp Asp

405 410 415

Glu Val Arg Ala Ile Arg Arg Ala Tyr Leu Asp Gly Ser Gly Ala Gln

420 425 430

Thr Leu Val Asn Thr Glu Ile Asn Asp Pro Asp Gly Ile Ala Val Asp

435 440 445

Trp Val Ala Arg Asn Leu Tyr Trp Thr Asp Thr Gly Thr Asp Arg Ile

450 455 460

Glu Val Thr Arg Leu Asn Gly Thr Ser Arg Lys Ile Leu Val Ser Glu

465 470 475 480

Asp Leu Asp Glu Pro Arg Ala Ile Ala Leu His Pro Val Met Gly Leu

485 490 495

Met Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp Gly Glu Asn Pro Lys Ile Glu Cys Ala Asn

500 505 510

Leu Asp Gly Gln Glu Arg Arg Val Leu Val Asn Ala Ser Leu Gly Trp

515 520 525

Pro Asn Gly Leu Ala Leu Asp Leu Gln Glu Gly Lys Leu Tyr Trp Gly

530 535 540

Asp Ala Lys Thr Asp Lys Ile Glu Val Ile Asn Val Asp Gly Thr Lys

545 550 555 560

Arg Arg Thr Leu Leu Glu Asp Lys Leu Pro His Ile Phe Gly Phe Thr

565 570 575

Leu Leu Gly Asp Phe Ile Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp Gln Arg Arg Ser Ile

580 585 590

Glu Arg Val His Lys Val Lys Ala Ser Arg Asp Val Ile Ile Asp Gln

595 600 605

Leu Pro Asp Leu Met Gly Leu Lys Ala Val Asn Val Ala Lys Val Val

610 615 620

Gly Thr Asn Pro Cys Ala Asp Arg Asn Gly Gly Cys Ser His Leu Cys

625 630 635 640

Phe Phe Thr Pro His Ala Thr Arg Cys Gly Cys Pro Ile Gly Leu Glu

645 650 655

Leu Leu Ser Asp Met Lys Thr Cys Ile Val Pro Glu Ala Phe Leu Val

660 665 670

Phe Thr Ser Arg Ala Ala Ile His Arg Ile Ser Leu Glu Thr Asn Asn

675 680 685

Asn Asp Val Ala Ile Pro Leu Thr Gly Val Lys Glu Ala Ser Ala Leu

690 695 700

Asp Phe Asp Val Ser Asn Asn His Ile Tyr Trp Thr Asp Val Ser Leu

705 710 715 720

Lys Thr Ile Ser Arg Ala Phe Met Asn Gly Ser Ser Val Glu His Val

725 730 735

Val Glu Phe Gly Leu Asp Tyr Pro Glu Gly Met Ala Val Asp Trp Met

740 745 750

Gly Lys Asn Leu Tyr Trp Ala Asp Thr Gly Thr Asn Arg Ile Glu Val

755 760 765

Ala Arg Leu Asp Gly Gln Phe Arg Gln Val Leu Val Trp Arg Asp Leu

770 775 780

Asp Asn Pro Arg Ser Leu Ala Leu Asp Pro Thr Lys Gly Tyr Ile Tyr

785 790 795 800

Trp Thr Glu Trp Gly Gly Lys Pro Arg Ile Val Arg Ala Phe Met Asp

805 810 815

Gly Thr Asn Cys Met Thr Leu Val Asp Lys Val Gly Arg Ala Asn Asp

820 825 830

Leu Thr Ile Asp Tyr Ala Asp Gln Arg Leu Tyr Trp Thr Asp Leu Asp

835 840 845

Thr Asn Met Ile Glu Ser Ser Asn Met Leu Gly Gln Glu Arg Val Val

850 855 860

Ile Ala Asp Asp Leu Pro His Pro Phe Gly Leu Thr Gln Tyr Ser Asp

865 870 875 880

Tyr Ile Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp Asn Leu His Ser Ile Glu Arg Ala Asp

885 890 895

Lys Thr Ser Gly Arg Asn Arg Thr Leu Ile Gln Gly His Leu Asp Phe

900 905 910

Val Met Asp Ile Leu Val Phe His Ser Ser Arg Gln Asp Gly Leu Asn

915 920 925

Asp Cys Met His Asn Asn Gly Gln Cys Gly Gln Leu Cys Leu Ala Ile

930 935 940

Pro Gly Gly His Arg Cys Gly Cys Ala Ser His Tyr Thr Leu Asp Pro

945 950 955 960

Ser Ser Arg Asn Cys Ser Pro Pro Thr Thr Phe Leu Leu Phe Ser Gln

965 970 975

Lys Ser Ala Ile Ser Arg Met Ile Pro Asp Asp Gln His Ser Pro Asp

980 985 990

Leu Ile Leu Pro Leu His Gly Leu Arg Asn Val Lys Ala Ile Asp Tyr

995 1000 1005

Asp Pro Leu Asp Lys Phe Ile Tyr Trp Val Asp Gly Arg Gln Asn Ile

›REFERENCES · 13 of 30

1010 1015 1020

Lys Arg Ala Lys Asp Asp Gly Thr Gln Pro Phe Val Leu Thr Ser Leu

1025 1030 1035 1040

Ser Gln Gly Gln Asn Pro Asp Arg Gln Pro His Asp Leu Ser Ile Asp

1045 1050 1055

Ile Tyr Ser Arg Thr Leu Phe Trp Thr Cys Glu Ala Thr Asn Thr Ile

1060 1065 1070

Asn Val His Arg Leu Ser Gly Glu Ala Met Gly Val Val Leu Arg Gly

1075 1080 1085

Asp Arg Asp Lys Pro Arg Ala Ile Val Val Asn Ala Glu Arg Gly Tyr

1090 1095 1100

Leu Tyr Phe Thr Asn Met Gln Asp Arg Ala Ala Lys Ile Glu Arg Ala

1105 1110 1115 1120

Ala Leu Asp Gly Thr Glu Arg Glu Val Leu Phe Thr Thr Gly Leu Ile

1125 1130 1135

Arg Pro Val Ala Leu Val Val Asp Asn Thr Leu Gly Lys Leu Phe Trp

1140 1145 1150

Val Asp Ala Asp Leu Lys Arg Ile Glu Ser Cys Asp Leu Ser Gly Ala

1155 1160 1165

Asn Arg Leu Thr Leu Glu Asp Ala Asn Ile Val Gln Pro Leu Gly Leu

1170 1175 1180

Thr Ile Leu Gly Lys His Leu Tyr Trp Ile Asp Arg Gln Gln Gln Met

1185 1190 1195 1200

Ile Glu Arg Val Glu Lys Thr Thr Gly Asp Lys Arg Thr Arg Ile Gln

1205 1210 1215

Gly Arg Val Ala His Leu Thr Gly Ile His Ala Val Glu Glu Val Ser

1220 1225 1230

Leu Glu Glu Phe Ser Ala His Pro Cys Ala Arg Asp Asn Gly Gly Cys

1235 1240 1245

Ser His Ile Cys Ile Ala Lys Gly Asp Gly Thr Pro Arg Cys Ser Cys

1250 1255 1260

Pro Val His Leu Val Leu Leu Gln Asn Leu Leu Thr Cys Gly Glu Pro

1265 1270 1275 1280

Pro Thr Cys Ser Pro Asp Gln Phe Ala Cys Ala Thr Gly Glu Ile Asp

1285 1290 1295

Cys Ile Pro Gly Ala Trp Arg Cys Asp Gly Phe Pro Glu Cys Asp Asp

1300 1305 1310

Gln Ser Asp Glu Glu Gly Cys Pro Val Cys Ser Ala Ala Gln Phe Pro

1315 1320 1325

Cys Ala Arg Gly Gln Cys Val Asp Leu Arg Leu Arg Cys Asp Gly Glu

1330 1335 1340

Ala Asp Cys Gln Asp Arg Ser Asp Glu Ala Asp Cys Asp Ala Ile Cys

1345 1350 1355 1360

Leu Pro Asn Gln Phe Arg Cys Ala Ser Gly Gln Cys Val Leu Ile Lys

1365 1370 1375

Gln Gln Cys Asp Ser Phe Pro Asp Cys Ile Asp Gly Ser Asp Glu Leu

1380 1385 1390

Met Cys Glu Ile Thr Lys Pro Pro Ser Asp Asp Ser Pro Ala His Ser

1395 1400 1405

Ser Ala Ile Gly Pro Val Ile Gly Ile Ile Leu Ser Leu Phe Val Met

1410 1415 1420

Gly Gly Val Tyr Phe Val Cys Gln Arg Val Val Cys Gln Arg Tyr Ala

1425 1430 1435 1440

Gly Ala Asn Gly Pro Phe Pro His Glu Tyr Val Ser Gly Thr Pro His

1445 1450 1455

Val Pro Leu Asn Phe Ile Ala Pro Gly Gly Ser Gln His Gly Pro Phe

1460 1465 1470

Thr Gly Ile Ala Cys Gly Lys Ser Met Met Ser Ser Val Ser Leu Met

1475 1480 1485

Gly Gly Arg Gly Gly Val Pro Leu Tyr Asp Arg Asn His Val Thr Gly

1490 1495 1500

Ala Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Thr Lys Ala Thr Leu Tyr Pro Pro

1505 1510 1515 1520

Ile Leu Asn Pro Pro Pro Ser Pro Ala Thr Asp Pro Ser Leu Tyr Asn

1525 1530 1535

Met Asp Met Phe Tyr Ser Ser Asn Ile Pro Ala Thr Ala Arg Pro Tyr

1540 1545 1550

Arg Pro Tyr Ile Ile Arg Gly Met Ala Pro Pro Thr Thr Pro Cys Ser

1555 1560 1565

Thr Asp Val Cys Asp Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ala Ser Arg Trp Lys Ala Ser

1570 1575 1580

Lys Tyr Tyr Leu Asp Leu Asn Ser Asp Ser Asp Pro Tyr Pro Pro Pro

1585 1590 1595 1600

Pro Thr Pro His Ser Gln Tyr Leu Ser Ala Glu Asp Ser Cys Pro Pro

1605 1610 1615

Ser Pro Ala Thr Glu Arg Ser Tyr Phe His Leu Phe Pro Pro Pro Pro

1620 1625 1630

Ser Pro Cys Thr Asp Ser Ser

1635

91 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

30

TATAAAATGG CTTGGCAAAG GGAGTTCATT CCTTTTAGCG CTTCCATCTT CTGCAGTGAG 60

AGGACACCGC ATTCTTCTTC TCCAGAGGAT G 91

5263 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

31

TAAGAGTATA AAGGGCTCCT GAGACCAAAA AGGTTGAGAA CCAGTGCTTT AAAGCTTGAT 60

GTTTCTCAGG GTTTCATCCT TTGTGGATTA ATGCCCATTA TAAAATGGCT TGGCAAAGGG 120

AGTTCATTCC TTTTAGCGCT TCCATCTTCT GCAGTGAGAG GACACCGCAT TCTTCTTCTC 180

CAGAGGATGC AGCAGCAAGG CGCCATCTTG AAACCAGAGA CCAAACCAAC CAGCAACTTC 240

GTCTTGAACT TCCCAGCCTC CACAACTCAG CAGTCTGTGC AGGACCCTGT GAGCAGAGCC 300

GCAGCCTCGC CGCTCCTGCT ATTTGCCAAC CGCCGGGACG TACGGCTGGT GGACGCCGGC 360

GGAGTCAAGC TGGAGTCCAC CATCGTGGTC AGCGGCCTGG AGGATGCGGC CGCAGTGGAC 420

TTCCAGTTTT CCAAGGGAGC CGTGTACTGG ACAGACGTGA GCGAGGAGGC CATCAAGCAG 480

ACCTACCTGA ACCAGACGGG GGCCGCCGTG CAGAACGTGG TCATCTCCGG CCTGGTCTCT 540

CCCGACGGCC TCGCCTGCGA CTGGGTGGGC AAGAAGCTGT ACTGGACGGA CTCAGAGACC 600

AACCGCATCG AGGTGGCCAA CCTCAATGGC ACATCCCGGA AGGTGCTCTT CTGGCAGGAC 660

CTTGACCAGC CGAGGGCCAT CGCCTTGGAC CCCGCTCACG GGTACATGTA CTGGACAGAC 720

TGGGGTGAGA CGCCCCGGAT TGAGCGGGCA GGGATGGATG GCAGCACCCG GAAGATCATT 780

GTGGACTCGG ACATTTACTG GCCCAATGGA CTGACCATCG ACCTGGAGGA GCAGAAGCTC 840

TACTGGGCTG ACGCCAAGCT CAGCTTCATC CACCGTGCCA ACCTGGACGG CTCGTTCCGG 900

CAGAAGGTGG TGGAGGGCAG CCTGACGCAC CCCTTCGCCC TGACGCTCTC CGGGGACACT 960

CTGTACTGGA CAGACTGGCA GACCCGCTCC ATCCATGCCT GCAACAAGCG CACTGGGGGG 1020

AAGAGGAAGG AGATCCTGAG TGCCCTCTAC TCACCCATGG ACATCCAGGT GCTGAGCCAG 1080

GAGCGGCAGC CTTTCTTCCA CACTCGCTGT GAGGAGGACA ATGGCGGCTG CTCCCACCTG 1140

TGCCTGCTGT CCCCAAGCGA GCCTTTCTAC ACATGCGCCT GCCCCACGGG TGTGCAGCTG 1200

CAGGACAACG GCAGGACGTG TAAGGCAGGA GCCGAGGAGG TGCTGCTGCT GGCCCGGCGG 1260

ACGGACCTAC GGAGGATCTC GCTGGACACG CCGGACTTTA CCGACATCGT GCTGCAGGTG 1320

GACGACATCC GGCACGCCAT TGCCATCGAC TACGACCCGC TAGAGGGCTA TGTCTACTGG 1380

ACAGATGACG AGGTGCGGGC CATCCGCAGG GCGTACCTGG ACGGGTCTGG GGCGCAGACG 1440

CTGGTCAACA CCGAGATCAA CGACCCCGAT GGCATCGCGG TCGACTGGGT GGCCCGAAAC 1500

CTCTACTGGA CCGACACGGG CACGGACCGC ATCGAGGTGA CGCGCCTCAA CGGCACCTCC 1560

CGCAAGATCC TGGTGTCGGA GGACCTGGAC GAGCCCCGAG CCATCGCACT GCACCCCGTG 1620

ATGGGCCTCA TGTACTGGAC AGACTGGGGA GAGAACCCTA AAATCGAGTG TGCCAACTTG 1680

GATGGGCAGG AGCGGCGTGT GCTGGTCAAT GCCTCCCTCG GGTGGCCCAA CGGCCTGGCC 1740

CTGGACCTGC AGGAGGGGAA GCTCTACTGG GGAGACGCCA AGACAGACAA GATCGAGGTG 1800

ATCAATGTTG ATGGGACGAA GAGGCGGACC CTCCTGGAGG ACAAGCTCCC GCACATTTTC 1860

GGGTTCACGC TGCTGGGGGA CTTCATCTAC TGGACTGACT GGCAGCGCCG CAGCATCGAG 1920

CGGGTGCACA AGGTCAAGGC CAGCCGGGAC GTCATCATTG ACCAGCTGCC CGACCTGATG 1980

GGGCTCAAAG CTGTGAATGT GGCCAAGGTC GTCGGAACCA ACCCGTGTGC GGACAGGAAC 2040

GGGGGGTGAG CCACCTGTGC TTCTTCACAC CCCACGCAAC CCGGTGTGGC TGCCCCATCG 2100

GCCTGGAGCT GCTGAGTGAC ATGAAGACCT GCATCGTGCC TGAGGCCTTC TTGGTCTTCA 2160

CCAGCAGAGC CGCCATCCAC AGGATCTCCC TCGAGACCAA TAACAACGAC GTGGCCATCC 2220

CGCTCACGGG CGTCAAGGAG GCCTCAGCCC TGGACTTTGA TGTGTCCAAC AACCACATCT 2280

ACTGGACAGA CGTCAGCCTG AAGACCATCA GCCGCGCCTT CATGAACGGG AGCTCGGTGG 2340

AGCACGTGGT GGAGTTTGGC CTTGACTACC CCGAGGGCAT GGCCGTTGAC TGGATGGGCA 2400

AGAACCTCTA CTGGGCCGAC ACTGGGACCA ACAGAATCGA AGTGGCGCGG CTGGACGGGC 2460

›REFERENCES · 14 of 30

AGTTCCGGCA AGTCCTCGTG TGGAGGGACT TGGACAACCC GAGGTCGCTG GCCCTGGATC 2520

CCACCAAGGG CTACATCTAC TGGACCGAGT GGGGCGGCAA GCCGAGGATC GTGCGGGCCT 2580

TCATGGACGG GACCAACTGC ATGACGCTGG TGGACAAGGT GGGCCGGGCC AACGACCTCA 2640

CCATTGACTA CGCTGACCAG CGCCTCTACT GGACCGACCT GGACACCAAC ATGATCGAGT 2700

CGTCCAACAT GCTGGGTCAG GAGCGGGTCG TGATTGCCGA CGATCTCCCG CACCCGTTCG 2760

GTCTGACGCA GTACAGCGAT TATATCTACT GGACAGACTG GAATCTGCAC AGCATTGAGC 2820

GGGCCGACAA GACTAGCGGC CGGAACCGCA CCCTCATCCA GGGCCACCTG GACTTCGTGA 2880

TGGACATCCT GGTGTTCCAC TCCTCCCGCC AGGATGGCCT CAATGACTGT ATGCACAACA 2940

ACGGGCAGTG TGGGCAGCTG TGCCTTGCCA TCCCCGGCGG CCACCGCTGC GGCTGCGCCT 3000

CACACTACAC CCTGGACCCC AGCAGCCGCA ACTGCAGCCC GCCCACCACC TTCTTGCTGT 3060

TCAGCCAGAA ATCTGCCATC AGTCGGATGA TCCCGGACGA CCAGCACAGC CCGGATCTCA 3120

TCCTGCCCCT GCATGGACTG AGGAACGTCA AAGCCATCGA CTATGACCCA CTGGACAAGT 3180

TCATCTACTG GGTGGATGGG CGCCAGAACA TCAAGCGAGC CAAGGACGAC GGGACCCAGC 3240

CCTTTGTTTT GACCTCTCTG AGCCAAGGCC AAAACCCAGA CAGGCAGCCC CACGACCTCA 3300

GCATCGACAT CTACAGCCGG ACACTGTTCT GGACGTGCGA GGCCACCAAT ACCATCAACG 3360

TCCACAGGCT GAGCGGGGAA GCCATGGGGG TGGTGCTGCG TGGGGACCGC GACAAGCCCA 3420

GGGCCATCGT CGTCAACGCG GAGCGAGGGT ACCTGTACTT CACCAACATG CAGGACCGGG 3480

CAGCCAAGAT CGAACGCGCA GCCCTGGACG GCACCGAGCG CGAGGTCCTC TTCACCACCG 3540

GCCTCATCCG CCCTGTGGCC CTGGTGGTAG ACAACACACT GGGCAAGCTG TTCTGGGTGG 3600

ACGCGGACCT GAAGCGCATT GAGAGCTGTG ACCTGTCAGG GGCCAACCGC CTGACCCTGG 3660

AGGACGCCAA CATCGTGCAG CCTCTGGGCC TGACCATCCT TGGCAAGCAT CTCTACTGGA 3720

TCGACCGCCA GCAGCAGATG ATCGAGCGTG TGGAGAAGAC CACCGGGGAC AAGCGGACTC 3780

GCATCCAGGG CCGTGTCGCC CACCTCACTG GCATCCATGC AGTGGAGGAA GTCAGCCTGG 3840

AGGAGTTCTC AGCCCACCCA TGTGCCCGTG ACAATGGTGG CTGCTCCCAC ATCTGTATTG 3900

CCAAGGGTGA TGGGACACCA CGGTGCTCAT GCCCAGTCCA CCTCGTGCTC CTGCAGAACC 3960

TGCTGACCTG TGGAGAGCCG CCCACCTGCT CCCCGGACCA GTTTGCATGT GCCACAGGGG 4020

AGATCGACTG TATCCCCGGG GCCTGGCGCT GTGACGGCTT TCCCGAGTGC GATGACCAGA 4080

GCGACGAGGA GGGCTGCCCC GTGGCTCCGC CGCCCAGTTC CCCTGCGCGC GGGGTCAGTG 4140

TGTGGACCTG CGCCTGCGCT GCGACGGCGA GGCAGACTGT CAGGACCGCT CAGACGAGGC 4200

GGACTGTGAC GCCATCTGCC TGCCCAACCA GTTCCGGTGT GCGAGCGGCC AGTGTGTCCT 4260

CATCAAACAG CAGTGCGACT CCTTCCCCGA CTGTATCGAC GGCTCCGACG AGCTCATGTG 4320

TGAAATCACC AAGCCGCCCT CAGACGACAG CCCGGCCCAC AGCAGTGCCA TCGGGCCCGT 4380

CATTGGCATC ATCCTCTCTC TCTTCGTCAT GGGTGGTGTC TATTTTGTGT GCCAGCGCGT 4440

GGTGTGCCAG CGCTATGCGG GGGCCAACGG GCCCTTCCCG CACGAGTATG TCAGCGGGAC 4500

CCCGCACGTG CCCCTCAATT TCATAGCCCC GGGCGGTTCC CAGCATGGCC CCTTCACAGG 4560

CATCGCATGC GGAAAGTCCA TGATGAGCTC CGTGAGCCTG ATGGGGGGCC GGGGCGGGGT 4620

GCCCCTCTAC GACCGGAACC ACGTCACAGG GGCCTCGTCC AGCAGCTCGT CCAGCACGAA 4680

GGCCACGCTG TACCCGCGGA TCCTGAACCC GCCGCCCTCC CCGGCCACGG ACCCCTCCCT 4740

GTACAACATG GACATGTTCT ACTCTTCAAA CATTCCGGCC ACTGCGAGAC CGTACAGGCC 4800

CTACATCATT CGAGGAATGG CGCCCCCGAC GACGCCCTGC AGCACCGACG TGTGTGACAG 4860

CGACTACAGC GCCAGCCGCT GGAAGGCCAG CAAGTACTAC CTGGATTTGA ACTCGGACTC 4920

AGACCCCTAT CCACCCCCAC CCACGCCCCA CAGCCAGTAC CTGTCGGCGG AGGACAGCTG 4980

CCCGCCCTCG CCCGCCACCG AGAGGAGCTA CTTCCATCTC TTCCCGCCCC CTCCGTCCCC 5040

CTGCACGGAC TCATCCTGAC CTCGGCCGGG CCACTCTGGC TTCTCTGTGC CCCTGTAAAT 5100

AGTTTTAAAT ATGAACAAAG AAAAAAATAT ATTTTATGAT TTAAAAAATA AATATAATTG 5160

GGATTTTAAA AACATGAGAA ATGTGAACTG TGATGGGGTG GGCAGGGCTG GGAGAACTTT 5220

GTACAGTGGA ACAAATATTT ATAAACTTAA TTTTGTAAAA CAG 5263

5022 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

32

GGCTGGTCTT GAACTCCTGG CCTGAGATGA TCCTCTCTCC TCGGAAAGTG CTGGGATTAT 60

AGCCTCGCCG CTCCTGCTAT TTGCCAACCG CCGGGACGTA CGGCTGGTGG ACGCCGGCGG 120

AGTCAAGCTG GAGTCCACCA TCGTGGTCAG CGGCCTGGAG GATGCGGCCG CAGTGGACTT 180

CCAGTTTTCC AAGGGAGCCG TGTACTGGAC AGACGGAGCG AGGAGGCCAT CAAGCAGACC 240

TACCTGAACC AGACGGGGGC CGCCGTGCAG AACGTGGTCA TCTCCGGCCT GGTCTCTCCC 300

GACGGCCTCG CCTGCGACTG GGTGGGCAAG AAGCTGTACT GGACGGACTC AGAGACCAAC 360

CGCATCGAGG TGGCCAACCT CAATGGCACA TCCCGGAAGG TGCTCTTCTG GCAGGACCTT 420

GACCAGCCGA GGGCCATCGC CTTGGACCCC GCTCACGGGT ACATGTACTG GACAGACTGG 480

GGTGAGACGC CCCGGATTGA GCGGGCAGGG ATGGATGGCA GCACCCGGAA GATCATTGTG 540

GACTCGGACA TTTACTGGCC CAATGGACTG ACCATCGACC TGGAGGAGCA GAAGCTCTAC 600

TGGGCTGACG CCAAGCTCAG CTTCATCCAC CGTGCCAACC TGGACGGCTC GTTCCGGCAG 660

AAGGTGGTGG AGGGCAGCCT GACGCACCCC TTCGCCCTGA CGCTCTCCGG GGACACTCTG 720

TACTGGACAG ACTGGCAGAC CCGCTCCATC CATGCCTGCA ACAAGCGCAC TGGGGGGAAG 780

AGGAAGGAGA TCCTGAGTGC CCTCTACTCA CCCATGGACA TCCAGGTGCT GAGCCAGGAG 840

CGGCAGCCTT TCTTCCACAC TCGCTGTGAG GAGGACAATG GCGGCTGCTC CCACCTGTGC 900

CTGCTGTCCC CAAGCGAGCC TTTCTACACA TGCGCCTGCC CCACGGGTGT GCAGCTGCAG 960

GACAACGGCA GGACGTGTAA GGCAGGAGCC GAGGAGGTGC TGCTGCTGGC CCGGCGGACG 1020

GACCTACGGA GGATCTCGCT GGACACGCCG GACTTTACCG ACATCGTGCT GCAGGTGGAC 1080

GACATCCGGC ACGCCATTGC CATCGACTAC GACCCGCTAG AGGGCTATGT CTACTGGACA 1140

GATGACGAGG TGCGGGCCAT CCGCAGGGCG TACCTGGACG GGTCTGGGGC GCAGACGCTG 1200

GTCAACACCG AGATCAACGA CCCCGATGGC ATCGCGGTCG ACTGGGTGGC CCGAAACCTC 1260

TACTGGACCG ACACGGGCAC GGACCGCATC GAGGTGACGC GCCTCAACGG CACCTCCCGC 1320

AAGATCCTGG TGTCGGAGGA CCTGGACGAG CCCCGAGCCA TCGCACTGCA CCCCGTGATG 1380

GGCCTCATGT ACTGGACAGA CTGGGGAGAG AACCCTAAAA TCGAGTGTGC CAACTTGGAT 1440

GGGCAGGAGC GGCGTGTGCT GGTCAATGCC TCCCTCGGGT GGCCCAACGG CCTGGCCCTG 1500

GACCTGCAGG AGGGGAAGCT CTACTGGGGA GACGCCAAGA CAGACAAGAT CGAGGTGATC 1560

AATGTTGATG GGACGAAGAG GCGGACCCTC CTGGAGGACA AGCTCCCGCA CATTTTCGGG 1620

TTCACGCTGC TGGGGGACTT CATCTACTGG ACTGACTGGC AGCGCCGCAG CATCGAGCGG 1680

GTGCACAAGG TCAAGGCCAG CCGGGACGTC ATCATTGACC AGCTGCCCGA CCTGATGGGG 1740

CTCAAAGCTG TGAATGTGGC CAAGGTCGTC GGAACCAACC CGTGTGCGGA CAGGAACGGG 1800

GGGTGCAGCC ACCTGTGCTT CTTCACACCC CACGCAACCC GGTGTGGCTG CCCCATCGGC 1860

CTGGAGCTGC TGAGTGACAT GAAGACCTGC ATCGTGCCTG AGGCCTTCTT GGTCTTCACC 1920

AGCAGAGCCG CCATCCACAG GATCTCCCTC GAGACCAATA ACAACGACGT GGCCATCCCG 1980

CTCACGGGCG TCAAGGAGGC CTCAGCCCTG GACTTTGATG TGTCCAACAA CCACATCTAC 2040

TGGACAGACG TCAGCCTGAA GACCATCAGC CGCGCCTTCA TGAACGGGAG CTCGGTGGAG 2100

CACGTGGTGG AGTTTGGCCT TGACTACCCC GAGGGCATGG CCGTTGACTG GATGGGCAAG 2160

AACCTCTACT GGGCCGACAC TGGGACCAAC AGAATCGAAG TGGCGCGGCT GGACGGGCAG 2220

TTCCGGCAAG TCCTCGTGTG GAGGGACTTG GACAACCCGA GGTCGCTGGC CCTGGATCCC 2280

ACCAAGGGCT ACATCTACTG GACCGAGTGG GGCGGCAAGC CGAGGATCGT GCGGGCCTTC 2340

›REFERENCES · 15 of 30

ATGGACGGGA CCAACTGCAT GACGCTGGTG GACAAGGTGG GCCGGGCCAA CGACCTCACC 2400

ATTGACTACG CTGACCAGCG CCTCTACTGG ACCGACCTGG ACACCAACAT GATCGAGTCG 2460

TCCAACATGC TGGGTCAGGA GCGGGTCGTG ATTGCCGACG ATCTCCCGCA CCCGTTCGGT 2520

CTGACGCAGT ACAGCGATTA TATCTACTGG ACAGACTGGA ATCTGCACAG CATTGAGCGG 2580

GCCGACAAGA CTAGCGGCCG GAACCGCACC CTCATCCAGG GCCACCTGGA CTTCGTGATG 2640

GACATCCTGG TGTTCCACTC CTCCCGCCAG GATGGCCTCA ATGACTGTAT GCACAACAAC 2700

GGGCAGTGTG GGCAGCTGTG CCTTGCCATC CCCGGCGGCC ACCGCTGCGG CTGCGCCTCA 2760

CACTACACCC TGGACCCCAG CAGCCGCAAC TGCAGCCCGC CCACCACCTT CTTGCTGTTC 2820

AGCCAGAAAT CTGCCATCAG TCGGATGATC CCGGACGACC AGCACAGCCC GGATCTCATC 2880

CTGCCCCTGC ATGGACTGAG GAACGTCAAA GCCATCGACT ATGACCCACT GGACAAGTTC 2940

ATCTACTGGG TGGATGGGCG CCAGAACATC AAGCGAGCCA AGGACGACGG GACCCAGCCC 3000

TTTGTTTTGA CCTCTCTGAG CCAAGGCCAA AACCCAGACA GGCAGCCCCA CGACCTCAGC 3060

ATCGACATCT ACAGCCGGAC ACTGTTCTGG ACGTGCGAGG CCACCAATAC CATCAACGTC 3120

CACAGGCTGA GCGGGGAAGC CATGGGGGTG GTGCTGCGTG GGGACCGCGA CAAGCCCAGG 3180

GCCATCGTCG TCAACGCGGA GCGAGGGTAC CTGTACTTCA CCAACATGCA GGACCGGGCA 3240

GCCAAGATCG AACGCGCAGC CCTGGACGGC ACCGAGCGCG AGGTCCTCTT CACCACCGGC 3300

CTCATCCGCC CTGTGGCCCT GGTGGTAGAC AACACACTGG GCAAGCTGTT CTGGGTGGAC 3360

GCGGACCTGA AGCGCATTGA GAGCTGTGAC CTGTCAGGGG CCAACCGCCT GACCCTGGAG 3420

GACGCCAACA TCGTGCAGCC TCTGGGCCTG ACCATCCTTG GCAAGCATCT CTACTGGATC 3480

GACCGCCAGC AGCAGATGAT CGAGCGTGTG GAGAAGACCA CCGGGGACAA GCGGACTCGC 3540

ATCCAGGGCC GTGTCGCCCA CCTCACTGGC ATCCATGCAG TGGAGGAAGT CAGCCTGGAG 3600

GAGTTCTCAG CCCACCCATG TGCCCGTGAC AATGGTGGCT GCTCCCACAT CTGTATTGCC 3660

AAGGGTGATG GGACACCACG GTGCTCATGC CCAGTCCACC TCGTGCTCCT GCAGAACCTG 3720

CTGACCTGTG GAGAGCCGCC CACCTGCTCC CCGGACCAGT TTGCATGTGC CACAGGGGAG 3780

ATCGACTGTA TCCCCGGGGC CTGGCGCTGT GACGGCTTTC CCGAGTGCGA TGACCAGAGC 3840

GACGAGGAGG GCTGCCCCGT GTGCTCCGCC GCCCAGTTCC CCTGCGCGCG GGGTCAGTGT 3900

GTGGACCTGC GCCTGCGCTG CGACGGCGAG GCAGACTGTC AGGACCGCTC AGACGAGGCG 3960

GACTGTGACG CCATCTGCCT GCCCAACCAG TTCCGGTGTG CGAGCGGCCA GTGTGTCCTC 4020

ATCAAACAGC AGTGCGACTC CTTCCCCGAC TGTATCGACG GCTCCGACGA GCTCATGTGT 4080

GAAATCACCA AGCCGCCCTC AGACGACAGC CCGGCCCACA GCAGTGCCAT CGGGCCCGTC 4140

ATTGGCATCA TCCTCTCTCT CTTCGTCATG GGTGGTGTCT ATTTTGTGTG CCAGCGCGTG 4200

GTGTGCCAGC GCTATGCGGG GGCCAACGGG CCCTTCCCGC ACGAGTATGT CAGCGGGACC 4260

CCGCACGTGC CCCTCAATTT CATAGCCCCG GGCGGTTCCC AGCATGGCCC CTTCACAGGC 4320

ATCGCATGCG GAAAGTCCAT GATGAGCTCC GTGAGCCTGA TGGGGGGCCG GGGCGGGGTG 4380

CCCCTCTACG ACCGGAACCA CGTCACAGGG GCCTCGTCCA GCAGCTCGTC CAGCACGAAG 4440

GCCACGCTGT ACCCGCCGAT CCTGAACCCG CCGCCCTCCC CGGCCACGGA CCCCTCCCTG 4500

TACAACATGG ACATGTTCTA CTCTTCAAAC ATTCCGGCCA CTGTGAGACC GTACAGGCCC 4560

TACATCATTC GAGGAATGGC GCCCCCGACG ACGCCCTGCA GCACCGACGT GTGTGACAGC 4620

GACTACAGCG CCAGCCGCTG GAAGGCCAGC AAGTACTACC TGGATTTGAA CTCGGACTCA 4680

GACCCCTATC CACCCCCACC CACGCCCCAC AGCCAGTACC TGTCGGCGGA GGACAGCTGC 4740

CCGCCCTCGC CCGCCACCGA GAGGAGCTAC TTCCATCTCT TCCCGCCCCC TCCGTCCCCC 4800

TGCACGGACT CATCCTGACC TCGGCCGGGC CACTCTGGCT TCTCTGTGCC CCTGTAAATA 4860

GTTTTAAATA TGAACAAAGA AAAAAATATA TTTTATGATT TAAAAAATAA ATATAATTGG 4920

GATTTTAAAA ACATGAGAAA TGTGAACTGT GATGGGGTGG GCAGGGCTGG GAGAACTTTG 4980

TACAGTGGAA CAAATATTTA TAAACTTAAT TTTGTAAAAC AG 5022

5162 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

33

AGGCTGGTCT CAAACTCCTG GCCTTAAGTG ATCTGCCCGC CTCGGCCTCC CAAAGTGCTG 60

AGATGACAGG TGTGAGCCAC CGTGCCCGGC CCAGAACTCT TTAATTCCCA CCTGAAACTT 120

GCCGCCTTAA GCAGGTCCCC AGTCTCCCTC CCCTAGTCCC TGGTCCCACC ATTCTGCTTT 180

CTGTCTCAAT GAATTTGCCT ACCCCTCGCC GCTCCTGCTA TTTGCCAACC GCCGGGACGT 240

ACGGCTGGTG GACGCCGGCG GAGTCAAGCT GGAGTCCACC ATCGTGGTCA GCGGCCTGGA 300

GGATGCGGCC GCAGTGGACT TCCAGTTTTC CAAGGGAGCC GTGTACTGGA CAGACGTGAG 360

CGAGGAGGCC ATCAAGCAGA CCTACCTGAA CCAGACGGGG GCCGCCGTGC AGAACGTGGT 420

CATCTCCGGC CTGGTCTCTC CCGACGGCCT CGCCTGCGAC TGGGTGGGCA AGAAGCTGTA 480

CTGGACGGAC TCAGAGACCA ACCGCATCGA GGTGGCCAAC CTCAATGGCA CATCCCGGAA 540

GGTGCTCTTC TGGCAGGACC TTGACCAGCC GAGGGCCATC GCCTTGGACC CCGCTCACGG 600

GTACATGTAC TGGACAGACT GGGGTGAGAC GCCCCGGATT GAGCGGGCAG GGATGGATGG 660

CAGCACCCGG AAGATCATTG TGGACTCGGA CATTTACTGG CCCAATGGAC TGACCATCGA 720

CCTGGAGGAG CAGAAGCTCT ACTGGGCTGA CGCCAAGCTC AGCTTCATCC ACCGTGCCAA 780

CCTGGACGGC TCGTTCCGGC AGAAGGTGGT GGAGGGCAGC CTGACGCACC CCTTCGCCCT 840

GACGCTCTCC GGGGACACTC TGTACTGGAC AGACTGGCAG ACCCGCTCCA TCCATGCCTG 900

CAACAAGCGC ACTGGGGGGA AGAGGAAGGA GATCCTGAGT GCCCTCTACT CACCCATGGA 960

CATCCAGGTG CTGAGCCAGG AGCGGCAGCC TTTCTTCCAC ACTCGCTGTG AGGAGGACAA 1020

TGGCGGCTGC TCCCACCTGT GCCTGCTGTC CCCAAGCGAG CCTTTCTACA CATGCGCCTG 1080

CCCCACGGGT GTGCAGCTGC AGGACAACGG CAGGACGTGT AAGGCAGGAG CCGAGGAGGT 1140

GCTGCTGCTG GCCCGGCGGA CGGACCTACG GAGGATCTCG CTGGACACGC CGGACTTTAC 1200

CGACATCGTG CTGCAGGTGG ACGACATCCG GCACGCCATT GCCATCGACT ACGACCCGCT 1260

AGAGGGCTAT GTCTACTGGA CAGATGACGA GGTGCGGGCC ATCCGCAGGG CGTACCTGGA 1320

CGGGTCTGGG GCGCAGACGC TGGTCAACAC CGAGATCAAC GACCCCGATG GCATCGCGGT 1380

CGACTGGGTG GCCCGAAACC TCTACTGGAC CGACACGGGC ACGGACCGCA TCGAGGTGAC 1440

GCGCCTCAAC GGCACCTCCC GCAAGATCCT GGTGTCGGAG GACCTGGACG AGCCCCGAGC 1500

CATCGCACTG CACCCCGTGA TGGGCCTCAT GTACTGGACA GACTGGGGAG AGAACCCTAA 1560

AATCGAGTGT GCCAACTTGG ATGGGCAGGA GCGGCGTGTG CTGGTCAATG CCTCCCTCGG 1620

GTGGCCCAAC GGCCTGGCCC TGGACCTGCA GGAGGGGAAG CTCTACTGGG GAGACGCCAA 1680

GACAGACAAG ATCGAGGTGA TCAATGTTGA TGGGACGAAG AGGCGGACCC TCCTGGAGGA 1740

CAAGCTCCCG CACATTTTCG GGTTCACGCT GCTGGGGGAC TTCATCTACT GGACTGACTG 1800

GCAGCGCCGC AGCATCGAGC GGGTGCACAA GGTCAAGGCC AGCCGGGACG TCATCATTGA 1860

CCAGCTGCCC GACCTGATGG GGCTCAAAGC TGTGAATGTG GCCAAGGTCG TCGGAACCAA 1920

CCCGTGTGCG GACAGGAACG GGGGGTGCAG CCACCTGTGC TTCTTCACAC CCCACGCAAC 1980

CCGGTGTGGC TGCCCCATCG GCCTGGAGCT GCTGAGTGAC ATGAAGACCT GCATCGTGCC 2040

TGAGGCCTCT TGGTCTTCAC CAGCAGAGCC GCCATCCACA GGATCTCCCT CGAGACCAAT 2100

AACAACGACG TGGCCATCCC GCTCACGGGC GTCAAGGAGG CCTCAGCCCT GGACTTTGAT 2160

GTGTCCAACA ACCACATCTA CTGGACAGAC GTCAGCCTGA AGACCATCAG CCGCGCCTTC 2220

ATGAACGGGA GCTCGGTGGA GCACGTGGTG GAGTTTGGCC TTGACTACCC CGAGGGCATG 2280

GCCGTTGACT GGATGGGCAA GAACCTCTAC TGGGCCGACA CTGGGACCAA CAGAATCGAA 2340

GTGGCGCGGC TGGACGGGCA GTTCCGGCAA GTCCTCGTGT GGAGGGACTT GGACAACCCG 2400

AGGTCGCTGG CCCTGGATCC CACCAAGGGC TACATCTACT GGACCGAGTG GGGCGGCAAG 2460

›REFERENCES · 16 of 30

CCGAGGATCG TGCGGGCCTT CATGGACGGG ACCAACTGCA TGACGCTGGT GGACAAGGTG 2520

GGCCGGGCCA ACGACCTCAC CATTGACTAC GCTGACCAGC GCCTCTACTG GACCGACCTG 2580

GACACCAACA TGATCGAGTC GTCCAACATG CTGGGTCAGG AGCGGGTCGT GATTGCCGAC 2640

GATCTCCCGC ACCCGTTCGG TCTGACGCAG TACAGCGATT ATATCTACTG GACAGACTGG 2700

AATCTGCACA GCATTGAGCG GGCCGACAAG ACTAGCGGCC GGAACCGCAC CCTCATCCAG 2760

GGCCACCTGG ACTTCGTGAT GGACATCCTG GTGTTCCACT CCTCCCGCCA GGATGGCCTC 2820

AATGACTGTA TGCACAACAA CGGGCAGTGT GGGCAGCTGT GCCTTGCCAT CCCCGGCGGC 2880

CACCGCTGCG GCTGCGCCTC ACACTACACC CTGGACCCCA GCAGCCGCAA CTGCAGCCCG 2940

CCCACCACCT TCTTGCTGTT CAGCCAGAAA TCTGCCATCA GTCGGATGAT CCCGGACGAC 3000

CAGCACAGCC CGGATCTCAT CCTGCCCCTG CATGGACTGA GGAACGTCAA AGCCATCGAC 3060

TATGACCCAC TGGACAAGTT CATCTACTGG GTGGATGGGC GCCAGAACAT CAAGCGAGCC 3120

AAGGACGACG GGACCCAGCC CTTTGTTTTG ACCTCTCTGA GCCAAGGCCA AAACCCAGAC 3180

AGGCAGCCCC ACGACCTCAG CATCGACATC TACAGCCGGA CACTGTTCTG GACGTGCGAG 3240

GCCACCAATA CCATCAACGT CCACAGGCTG AGCGGGGAAG CCATGGGGGT GGTGCTGCGT 3300

GGGGACCGCG ACAAGCCCAG GGCCATCGTC GTCAACGCGG AGCGAGGGTA CCTGTACTTC 3360

ACCAACATGC AGGACCGGGC AGCCAAGATC GAACGCGCAG CCCTGGACGG CACCGAGCGC 3420

GAGGTCCTCT TCACCACCGG CCTCATCCGC CCTGTGGCCC TGGTGGTAGA CAACACACTG 3480

GGCAAGCTGT TCTGGGTGGA CGCGGACCTG AAGCGCATTG AGAGCTGTGA CCTGTCAGGG 3540

GCCAACCGCC TGACCCTGGA GGACGCCAAC ATCGTGCAGC CTCTGGGCCT GACCATCCTT 3600

GGCAAGCATC TCTACTGGAT CGACCGCCAG CAGCAGATGA TCGAGCGTGT GGAGAAGACC 3660

ACCGGGGACA AGCGGACTCG CATCCAGGGC CGTGTCGCCC ACCTCACTGG CATCCATGCA 3720

GTGGAGGAAG TCAGCCTGGA GGAGTTCTCA GCCCACCCAT GTGCCCGTGA CAATGGTGGC 3780

TGCTCCCACA TCTGTATTGC CAAGGGTGAT GGGACACCAC GGTGCTCATG CCCAGTCCAC 3840

CTCGTGCTCC TGCAGAACCT GCTGACCTGT GGAGAGCCGC CCACCTGCTC CCCGGACCAG 3900

TTTGCATGTG CCACAGGGGA GATCGACTGT ATCCCCGGGG CCTGGCGCTG TGACGGCTTT 3960

CCCGAGTGCG ATGACCAGAG CGACGAGGAG GGCTGCCCCG TGTGCTCCGC CGCCCAGTTC 4020

CCCTGCGCGC GGGGTCAGTG TGTGGACCTG CGCCTGCGCT GCGACGGCGA GGCAGACTGT 4080

CAGGACCGCT CAGACGAGGC GGACTGTGAC GCCATCGCCT GCCCAACCAG TTCCGGTGTG 4140

CGAGCGGCCA GTGTGTCCTC ATCAAACAGC AGTGCGACTC CTTCCCCGAC TGTATCGACG 4200

GCTCCGACGA GCTCATGTGT GAAATCACCA AGCCGCCCTC AGACGACAGC CCGGCCCACA 4260

GCAGTGCCAT CGGGCCCGTC ATTGGCATCA TCCTCTCTCT CTTCGTCATG GGTGGTGTCT 4320

ATTTTGTGTG CCAGCGCGTG GTGTGCCAGC GCTATGCGGG GGCCAACGGG CCCTTCCCGC 4380

ACGAGTATGT CAGCGGGACC CCGCACGTGC CCCTCAATTT CATAGCCCCG GGCGGTTCCC 4440

AGCATGGCCC CTTCACAGGC ATCGCATGCG GAAAGTCCAT GATGAGCTCC GTGAGCCTGA 4500

TGGGGGGCCG GGGCGGGGTG CCCCTCTACG ACCGGAACCA CGTCACAGGG GCCTCGTCCA 4560

GCAGCTCGTC CAGCACGAAG GCCACGCTGT ACCCGCGGAT CCTGAACCCG CCGCCCTCCC 4620

CGGCCACGGA CCCCTCCCTG TACAACATGG ACATGTTCTA CTCTTCAAAC ATTCCGGCCA 4680

CTGCGAGACC GTACAGGCCC TACATCATTC GAGGAATGGC GCCCCCGACG ACGCCCTGCA 4740

GCACCGACGT GTGTGACAGC GACTACAGCG CCAGCCGCTG GAAGGCCAGC AAGTACTACC 4800

TGGATTTGAA CTCGGACTCA GACCCCTATC CACCCCCACC CACGCCCCAC AGCCAGTACC 4860

TGTCGGCGGA GGACAGCTGC CCGCCCTCGC CCGCCACCGA GAGGAGCTAC TTCCATCTCT 4920

TCCCGCCCCC TCCGTCCCCC TGCACGGACT CATCCTGACC TCGGCCGGGC CACTCTGGCT 4980

TCTCTGTGCC CCTGTAAATA GTTTTAAATA TGAACAAAGA AAAAAATATA TTTTATGATT 5040

TAAAAAATAA ATATAATTGG GATTTTAAAA ACATGAGAAA TGTGAACTGT GATGGGGTGG 5100

GCAGGGCTGG GAGAACTTTG TACAGTGGAA CAAATATTTA TAAACTTAAT TTTGTAAAAC 5160

AG 5162

114 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

34

CAATGTCCAG TTCCGCTGCA GTTATAACAT CCCATTTTTT GATTTCTTTT TATTTTTTCC 60

TTTTTCTTTT TGAGATGGAG TCTCGCTCTG TCACCCAGGC TGGAGTGCAA TGGG 114

1711 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

35

GCCGCGGCGC CCGAGGCGGG AGCAAGAGGC GCCGGGAGCC GCGAGGATCC ACCGCCGCCG 60

CGCGCGCCAT GGAGCCCGAG TGAGCGCGCG GCGCTCCCGG CCGCCGGACG ACATGGAAAC 120

GGCGCCGACC CGGGCCCCTC CGCCGCCGCC GCCGCCGCTG CTGCTGCTGG TGCTGTACTG 180

CAGCTTGGTC CCCGCCGCGG CCTCACCGCT CCTGTTGTTT GCCAACCGCC GGGATGTGCG 240

GCTAGTGGAT GCCGGCGGAG TGAAGCTGGA GTCCACCATT GTGGCCAGTG GCCTGGAGGA 300

TGCAGCTGCT GTAGACTTCC AGTTCTCCAA GGGTGCTGTG TACTGGACAG ATGTGAGCGA 360

GGAGGCCATC AAACAGACCT ACCTGAACCA GACTGGAGGT GCTGCACAGA ACATTGTCAT 420

CTCGGGCCTC GTGTCACCTG ATGGCCTGGC CTGTGACTGG GTTGGCAAGA AGCTGTACTG 480

GACGGACTCC GAGACCAACC GCATTGAGGT TGCCAACCTC AATGGGACGT CCCGTAAGGT 540

TCTCTTCTGG CAGGACCTGG ACCAGCCAAG GGCCATTGCC CTGGATCCTG CACATGGGTA 600

CATGTACTGG ACTGACTGGG GGGAAGCACC CCGGATCGAG CGGGCAGGGA TGGATGGCAG 660

TACCCGGAAG ATCATTGTAG ACTCCGACAT TTACTGGCCC AATGGGCTGA CCATCGACCT 720

GGAGGAACAG AAGCTGTACT GGGCCGATGC CAAGCTCAGC TTCATCCACC GTGCCAACCT 780

GGACGGCTCC TTCCGGCAGA AGGTGGTGGA GGGCAGCCTC ACTCACCCTT TTGCCCTGAC 840

ACTCTCTGGG GACACACTCT ACTGGACAGA CTGGCAGACC CGCTCCATCC ACGCCTGCAA 900

CAAGTGGACA GGGGAGCAGA GGAAGGAGAT CCTTAGTGCT CTGTACTCAC CCATGGACAT 960

CCAAGTGCTG AGCCAGGAGC GGCAGCCTCC CTTCCACACA CCATGCGAGG AGGACAACGG 1020

TGGCTGTTCC CACCTGTGCC TGCTGTCCCC GAGGGAGCCT TTCTACTCCT GTGCCTGCCC 1080

CACTGGTGTG CAGTTGCAGG ACAATGGCAA GACGTGCAAG ACAGGGGCTG AGGAAGTGCT 1140

GCTGCTGGCT CGGAGGACAG ACCTGAGGAG GATCTCTCTG GACACCCCTG ACTTCACAGA 1200

CATAGTGCTG CAGGTGGGCG ACATCCGGCA TGCCATTGCC ATTGACTACG ATCCCCTGGA 1260

GGGCTACGTG TACTGGACCG ATGATGAGGT GCGGGCTATC CGCAGGGCGT ACCTAGATGG 1320

CTCAGGTGCG CAGACACTTG TGAACACTGA GATCAATGAC CCCGATGGCA TTGCTGTGGA 1380

CTGGGTCGCC CGGAACCTCT ACTGGACAGA TACAGGCACT GACAGAATTG AGGTGACTCG 1440

CCTCAACGGC ACCTCCCGAA AGATCCTGGT ATCTGAGGAC CTGGACGAAC CGCGAGCCAT 1500

TGTGTTGCAC CCTGTGATGG GCCTCATGTA CTGGACAGAC TGGGGGGAGA ACCCCAAAAT 1560

CGAATGCGCC AACCTAGATG GGAGAGATCG GCATGTCCTG GTGAACACCT CCCTTGGGTG 1620

GCCCAATGGA CTGGCCCTGG ACCTGCAGGA GGGCAAGCTG TACTGGGGGG ATGCCAAAAC 1680

TGATAAAATC GAGGTGATCA ACATAGACGG G 1711

200 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

36

GCCGCGGCGC CCGAGGCGGG AGCAAGAGGC GCCGGGAGCC GCGAGGATCC ACCGCCGCCG 60

CGCGCGCCAT GGAGCCCGAG TGAGCGCGCG GCGCTCCCGG CCGCCGGACG ACATGGAAAC 120

GGCGCCGACC CGGGCCCCTC CGCCGCCGCC GCCGCCGCTG CTGCTGCTGG TGCTGTACTG 180

CAGCTTGGTC CCCGCCGCGG 200

1599 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

37

ATGGAAACGG CGCCGACCCG GGCCCCTCCG CCGCCGCCGC CGCCGCTGCT GCTGCTGGTG 60

CTGTACTGCA GCTTGGTCCC CGCCGCGGCC TCACCGCTCC TGTTGTTTGC CAACCGCCGG 120

GATGTGCGGC TAGTGGATGC CGGCGGAGTG AAGCTGGAGT CCACCATTGT GGCCAGTGGC 180

CTGGAGGATG CAGCTGCTGT AGACTTCCAG TTCTCCAAGG GTGCTGTGTA CTGGACAGAT 240

GTGAGCGAGG AGGCCATCAA ACAGACCTAC CTGAACCAGA CTGGAGGTGC TGCACAGAAC 300

›REFERENCES · 17 of 30

ATTGTCATCT CGGGCCTCGT GTCACCTGAT GGCCTGGCCT GTGACTGGGT TGGCAAGAAG 360

CTGTACTGGA CGGACTCCGA GACCAACCGC ATTGAGGTTG CCAACCTCAA TGGGACGTCC 420

CGTAAGGTTC TCTTCTGGCA GGACCTGGAC CAGCCAAGGG CCATTGCCCT GGATCCTGCA 480

CATGGGTACA TGTACTGGAC TGACTGGGGG GAAGCACCCC GGATCGAGCG GGCAGGGATG 540

GATGGCAGTA CCCGGAAGAT CATTGTAGAC TCCGACATTT ACTGGCCCAA TGGGCTGACC 600

ATCGACCTGG AGGAACAGAA GCTGTACTGG GCCGATGCCA AGCTCAGCTT CATCCACCGT 660

GCCAACCTGG ACGGCTCCTT CCGGCAGAAG GTGGTGGAGG GCAGCCTCAC TCACCCTTTT 720

GCCCTGACAC TCTCTGGGGA CACACTCTAC TGGACAGACT GGCAGACCCG CTCCATCCAC 780

GCCTGCAACA AGTGGACAGG GGAGCAGAGG AAGGAGATCC TTAGTGCTCT GTACTCACCC 840

ATGGACATCC AAGTGCTGAG CCAGGAGCGG CAGCCTCCCT TCCACACACC ATGCGAGGAG 900

GACAACGGTG GCTGTTCCCA CCTGTGCCTG CTGTCCCCGA GGGAGCCTTT CTACTCCTGT 960

GCCTGCCCCA CTGGTGTGCA GTTGCAGGAC AATGGCAAGA CGTGCAAGAC AGGGGCTGAG 1020

GAAGTGCTGC TGCTGGCTCG GAGGACAGAC CTGAGGAGGA TCTCTCTGGA CACCCCTGAC 1080

TTCACAGACA TAGTGCTGCA GGTGGGCGAC ATCCGGCATG CCATTGCCAT TGACTACGAT 1140

CCCCTGGAGG GCTACGTGTA CTGGACCGAT GATGAGGTGC GGGCTATCCG CAGGGCGTAC 1200

CTAGATGGCT CAGGTGCGCA GACACTTGTG AACACTGAGA TCAATGACCC CGATGGCATT 1260

GCTGTGGACT GGGTCGCCCG GAACCTCTAC TGGACAGATA CAGGCACTGA CAGAATTGAG 1320

GTGACTCGCC TCAACGGCAC CTCCCGAAAG ATCCTGGTAT CTGAGGACCT GGACGAACCG 1380

CGAGCCATTG TGTTGCACCC TGTGATGGGC CTCATGTACT GGACAGACTG GGGGGAGAAC 1440

CCCAAAATCG AATGCGCCAA CCTAGATGGG AGAGATCGGC ATGTCCTGGT GAACACCTCC 1500

CTTGGGTGGC CCAATGGACT GGCCCTGGAC CTGCAGGAGG GCAAGCTGTA CTGGGGGGAT 1560

GCCAAAACTG ATAAAATCGA GGTGATCAAC ATAGACGGG 1599

4959 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

38

CCTCGCCGCT CCTGCTATTT GCCAACCGCC GGGACGTACG GCTGGTGGAC GCCGGCGGAG 60

TCAAGCTGGA GTCCACCATC GTGGTCAGCG GCCTGGAGGA TGCGGCCGCA GTGGACTTCC 120

AGTTTTCCAA GGGAGCCGTG TACTGGACAG ACGTGAGCGA GGAGGCCATC AAGCAGACCT 180

ACCTGAACCA GACGGGGGCC GCCGTGCAGA ACGTGGTCAT CTCCGGCCTG GTCTCTCCCG 240

ACGGCCTCGC CTGCGACTGG GTGGGCAAGA AGCTGTACTG GACGGACTCA GAGACCAACC 300

GCATCGAGGT GGCCAACCTC AATGGCACAT CCCGGAAGGT GCTCTTCTGG CAGGACCTTG 360

ACCAGCCGAG GGCCATCGCC TTGGACCCCG CTCACGGGTA CATGTACTGG ACAGACTGGG 420

GTGAGACGCC CCGGATTGAG CGGGCAGGGA TGGATGGCAG CACCCGGAAG ATCATTGTGG 480

ACTCGGACAT TTACTGGCCC AATGGACTGA CCATCGACCT GGAGGAGCAG AAGCTCTACT 540

GGGCTGACGC CAAGCTCAGC TTCATCCACC GTGCCAACCT GGACGGCTCG TTCCGGCAGA 600

AGGTGGTGGA GGGCAGCCTG ACGCACCCCT TCGCCCTGAC GCTCTCCGGG GACACTCTGT 660

ACTGGACAGA CTGGCAGACC CGCTCCATCC ATGCCTGCAA CAAGCGCACT GGGGGGAAGA 720

GGAAGGAGAT CCTGAGTGCC CTCTACTCAC CCATGGACAT CCAGGTGCTG AGCCAGGAGC 780

GGCAGCCTTT CTTCCACACT CGCTGTGAGG AGGACAATGG CGGCTGCTCC CACCTGTGCC 840

TGCTGTCCCC AAGCGAGCCT TTCTACACAT GCGCCTGCCC CACGGGTGTG CAGCTGCAGG 900

ACAACGGCAG GACGTGTAAG GCAGGAGCCG AGGAGGTGCT GCTGCTGGCC CGGCGGACGG 960

ACCTACGGAG GATCTCGCTG GACACGCCGG ACTTTACCGA CATCGTGCTG CAGGTGGACG 1020

ACATCCGGCA CGCCATTGCC ATCGACTACG ACCCGCTAGA GGGCTATGTC TACTGGACAG 1080

ATGACGAGGT GCGGGCCATC CGCAGGGCGT ACCTGGACGG GTCTGGGGCG CAGACGCTGG 1140

TCAACACCGA GATCAACGAC CCCGATGGCA TCGCGGTCGA CTGGGTGGCC CGAAACCTCT 1200

ACTGGACCGA CACGGGCACG GACCGCATCG AGGTGACGCG CCTCAACGGC ACCTCCCGCA 1260

AGATCCTGGT GTCGGAGGAC CTGGACGAGC CCCGAGCCAT CGCACTGCAC CCCGTGATGG 1320

GCCTCATGTA CTGGACAGAC TGGGGAGAGA ACCCTAAAAT CGAGTGTGCC AACTTGGATG 1380

GGCAGGAGCG GCGTGTGCTG GTCAATGCCT CCCTCGGGTG GCCCAACGGC CTGGCCCTGG 1440

ACCTGCAGGA GGGGAAGCTC TACTGGGGAG ACGCCAAGAC AGACAAGATC GAGGTGATCA 1500

ATGTTGATGG GACGAAGAGG CGGACCCTCC TGGAGGACAA GCTCCCGCAC ATTTTCGGGT 1560

TCACGCTGCT GGGGGACTTC ATCTACTGGA CTGACTGGCA GCGCCGCAGC ATCGAGCGGG 1620

TGCACAAGGT CAAGGCCAGC CGGGACGTCA TCATTGACCA GCTGCCCGAC CTGATGGGGC 1680

TCAAAGCTGT GAATGTGGCC AAGGTCGTCG GAACCAACCC GTGTGCGGAC AGGAACGGGG 1740

GGTGCAGCCA CCTGTGCTTC TTCACACCCC ACGCAACCCG GTGTGGCTGC CCCATCGGCC 1800

TGGAGCTGCT GAGTGACATG AAGACCTGCA TCGTGCCTGA GGCCTTCTTG GTCTTCACCA 1860

GCAGAGCCGC CATCCACAGG ATCTCCCTCG AGACCAATAA CAACGACGTG GCCATCCCGC 1920

TCACGGGCGT CAAGGAGGCC TCAGCCCTGG ACTTTGATGT GTCCAACAAC CACATCTACT 1980

GGACAGACGT CAGCCTGAAG ACCATCAGCC GCGCCTTCAT GAACGGGAGC TCGGTGGAGC 2040

ACGTGGTGAG TTTGGCCTTG ACTACCCCGA GGGCATGGCC GTTGACTGGA TGGGCAAGAA 2100

CCTCTACTGG GCCGACACTG GGACCAACAG AATCGAAGTG GCGCGGCTGG ACGGGCAGTT 2160

CCGGCAAGTC CTCGTGTGGA GGGACTTGGA CAACCCGAGG TCGCTGGCCC TGGATCCCAC 2220

CAAGGGCTAC ATCTACTGGA CCGAGTGGGG CGGCAAGCCG AGGATCGTGC GGGCCTTCAT 2280

GGACGGGACC AACTGCATGA CGCTGGTGGA CAAGGTGGGC CGGGCCAACG ACCTCACCAT 2340

TGACTACGCT GACCAGCGCC TCTACTGGAC CGACCTGGAC ACCAACATGA TCGAGTCGTC 2400

CAACATGCTG GGTCAGGAGC GGGTCGTGAT TGCCGACGAT CTCCCGCACC CGTTCGGTCT 2460

GACGCAGTAC AGCGATTATA TCTACTGGAC AGACTGGAAT CTGCACAGCA TTGAGCGGGC 2520

CGACAAGACT AGCGGCCGGA ACCGCACCCT CATCCAGGGC CACCTGGACT TCGTGATGGA 2580

CATCCTGGTG TTCCACTCCT CCCGCCAGGA TGGCCTCAAT GACTGTATGC ACAACAACGG 2640

GCAGTGTGGG CAGCTGTGCC TTGCCATCCC CGGCGGCCAC CGCTGCGGCT GCGCCTCACA 2700

CTACACCCTG GACCCCAGCA GCCGCAACTG CAGCCCGCCC ACCACCTTCT TGCTGTTCAG 2760

CCAGAAATCT GCCATCAGTC GGATGATCCC GGACGACCAG CACAGCCCGG ATCTCATCCT 2820

GCCCCTGCAT GGACTGAGGA ACGTCAAAGC CATCGACTAT GACCCACTGG ACAAGTTCAT 2880

CTACTGGGTG GATGGGCGCC AGAACATCAA GCGAGCCAAG GACGACGGGA CCCAGCCCTT 2940

TGTTTTGACC TCTCTGAGCC AAGGCCAAAA CCCAGACAGG CAGCCCCACG ACCTCAGCAT 3000

CGACATCTAC AGCCGGACAC TGTTCTGGAC GTGCGAGGCC ACCAATACCA TCAACGTCCA 3060

CAGGCTGAGC GGGGAAGCCA TGGGGGTGGT GCTGCGTGGG GACCGCGACA AGCCCAGGGC 3120

CATCGTCGTC AACGCGGAGC GAGGGTACCT GTACTTCACC AACATGCAGG ACCGGGCAGC 3180

CAAGATCGAA CGCGCAGCCC TGGACGGCAC CGAGCGCGAG GTCCTCTTCA CCACCGGCCT 3240

CATCCGCCCT GTGGCCCTGG TGGTAGACAA CACACTGGGC AAGCTGTTCT GGGTGGACGC 3300

GGACCTGAAG CGCATTGAGA GCTGTGACCT GTCAGGGGCC AACCGCCTGA CCCTGGAGGA 3360

CGCCAACATC GTGCAGCCTC TGGGCCTGAC CATCCTTGGC AAGCATCTCT ACTGGATCGA 3420

CCGCCAGCAG CAGATGATCG AGCGTGTGGA GAAGACCACC GGGGACAAGC GGACTCGCAT 3480

CCAGGGCCGT GTCGCCCACC TCACTGGCAT CCATGCAGTG GAGGAAGTCA GCCTGGAGGA 3540

GTTCTCAGCC CACCCATGTG CCCGTGACAA TGGTGGCTGC TCCCACATCT GTATTGCCAA 3600

GGGTGATGGG ACACCACGGT GCTCATGCCC AGTCCACCTC GTGCTCCTGC AGAACCTGCT 3660

GACCTGTGGA GAGCCGCCCA CCTGCTCCCC GGACCAGTTT GCATGTGCCA CAGGGGAGAT 3720

CGACTGTATC CCCGGGGCCT GGCGCTGTGA CGGCTTTCCC GAGTGCGATG ACCAGAGCGA 3780

CGAGGAGGGC TGCCCCGTGT GCTCCGCCGC CCAGTTCCCC TGCGCGCGGG GTCAGTGTGT 3840

›REFERENCES · 18 of 30

GGACCTGCGC CTGCGCTGCG ACGGCGAGGC AGACTGTCAG GACCGCTCAG ACGAGGCGGA 3900

CTGTGACGCC ATCTGCCTGC CCAACCAGTT CCGGTGTGCG AGCGGCCAGT GTGTCCTCAT 3960

CAAACAGCAG TGCGACTCCT TCCCCGACTG TATCGACGGC TCCGACGAGC TCATGTGTGA 4020

AATCACCAAG CCGCCCTCAG ACGACAGCCC GGCCCACAGC AGTGCCATCG GGCCCGTCAT 4080

TGGCATCATC CTCTCTCTCT TCGTCATGGG TGGTGTCTAT TTTGTGTGCC AGCGCGTGGT 4140

GTGCCAGCGC TATGCGGGGG CCAACGGCCC TTCCCGCACG AGTATGTCAG CGGGACCCCG 4200

CACGTGCCCC TCAATTTCAT AGCCCCGGGC GGTTCCCAGC ATGGCCCCTT CACAGGCATC 4260

GCATGCGGAA AGTCCATGAT GAGCTCCGTG AGCCTGATGG GGGGCCGGGG CGGGGTGCCC 4320

CTCTACGACC GGAACCACGT CACAGGGGCC TCGTCCAGCA GCTCGTCCAG CACGAAGGCC 4380

ACGCTGTACC CGCCGATCCT GAACCCGCCG CCCTCCCCGG CCACGGACCC CTCCCTGTAC 4440

AACATGGACA TGTTCTACTC TTCAAACATT CCGGCCACTG TGAGACCGTA CAGGCCCTAC 4500

ATCATTCGAG GAATGGCGCC CCCGACGACG CCCTGCAGCA CCGACGTGTG TGACAGCGAC 4560

TACAGCGCCA GCCGCTGGAA GGCCAGCAAG TACTACCTGG ATTTGAACTC GGACTCAGAC 4620

CCCTATCCAC CCCCACCCAC GCCCCACAGC CAGTACCTGT CGGCGGAGGA CAGCTGCCCG 4680

CCCTCGCCCG CCACCGAGAG GAGCTACTTC CATCTCTTCC CGCCCCCTCC GTCCCCCTGC 4740

ACGGACTCAT CCTGACCTCG GCCGGGCCAC TCTGGCTTCT CTGTGCCCCT GTAAATAGTT 4800

TTAAATATGA ACAAAGAAAA AAATATATTT TATGATTTAA AAAATAAATA TAATTGGGAT 4860

TTTAAAAACA TGAGAAATGT GAACTGTGAT GGGGTGGGCA GGGCTGGGAG AACTTTGTAC 4920

AGTGGAACAA ATATTTATAA ACTTAATTTT GTAAAACAG 4959

1584 amino acids

amino acid

linear

39

Ser Pro Leu Leu Leu Phe Ala Asn Arg Arg Asp Val Arg Leu Val Asp

1 5 10 15

Ala Gly Gly Val Lys Leu Glu Ser Thr Ile Val Val Ser Gly Leu Glu

20 25 30

Asp Ala Ala Ala Val Asp Phe Gln Phe Ser Lys Gly Ala Val Tyr Trp

35 40 45

Thr Asp Val Ser Glu Glu Ala Ile Lys Gln Thr Tyr Leu Asn Gln Thr

50 55 60

Gly Ala Ala Val Gln Asn Val Val Ile Ser Gly Leu Val Ser Pro Asp

65 70 75 80

Gly Leu Ala Cys Asp Trp Val Gly Lys Lys Leu Tyr Trp Thr Asp Ser

85 90 95

Glu Thr Asn Arg Ile Glu Val Ala Asn Leu Asn Gly Thr Ser Arg Lys

100 105 110

Val Leu Phe Trp Gln Asp Leu Asp Gln Pro Arg Ala Ile Ala Leu Asp

115 120 125

Pro Ala His Gly Tyr Met Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp Gly Glu Thr Pro Arg

130 135 140

Ile Glu Arg Ala Gly Met Asp Gly Ser Thr Arg Lys Ile Ile Val Asp

145 150 155 160

Ser Asp Ile Tyr Trp Pro Asn Gly Leu Thr Ile Asp Leu Glu Glu Gln

165 170 175

Lys Leu Tyr Trp Ala Asp Ala Lys Leu Ser Phe Ile His Arg Ala Asn

180 185 190

Leu Asp Gly Ser Phe Arg Gln Lys Val Val Glu Gly Ser Leu Thr His

195 200 205

Pro Phe Ala Leu Thr Leu Ser Gly Asp Thr Leu Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp

210 215 220

Gln Thr Arg Ser Ile His Ala Cys Asn Lys Arg Thr Gly Gly Lys Arg

225 230 235 240

Lys Glu Ile Leu Ser Ala Leu Tyr Ser Pro Met Asp Ile Gln Val Leu

245 250 255

Ser Gln Glu Arg Gln Pro Phe Phe His Thr Arg Cys Glu Glu Asp Asn

260 265 270

Gly Gly Cys Ser His Leu Cys Leu Leu Ser Pro Ser Glu Pro Phe Tyr

275 280 285

Thr Cys Ala Cys Pro Thr Gly Val Gln Leu Gln Asp Asn Gly Arg Thr

290 295 300

Cys Lys Ala Gly Ala Glu Glu Val Leu Leu Leu Ala Arg Arg Thr Asp

305 310 315 320

Leu Arg Arg Ile Ser Leu Asp Thr Pro Asp Phe Thr Asp Ile Val Leu

325 330 335

Gln Val Asp Asp Ile Arg His Ala Ile Ala Ile Asp Tyr Asp Pro Leu

340 345 350

Glu Gly Tyr Val Tyr Trp Thr Asp Asp Glu Val Arg Ala Ile Arg Arg

355 360 365

Ala Tyr Leu Asp Gly Ser Gly Ala Gln Thr Leu Val Asn Thr Glu Ile

370 375 380

Asn Asp Pro Asp Gly Ile Ala Val Asp Trp Val Ala Arg Asn Leu Tyr

385 390 395 400

Trp Thr Asp Thr Gly Thr Asp Arg Ile Glu Val Thr Arg Leu Asn Gly

405 410 415

Thr Ser Arg Lys Ile Leu Val Ser Glu Asp Leu Asp Glu Pro Arg Ala

420 425 430

Ile Ala Leu His Pro Val Met Gly Leu Met Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp Gly

435 440 445

Glu Asn Pro Lys Ile Glu Cys Ala Asn Leu Asp Gly Gln Glu Arg Arg

450 455 460

Val Leu Val Asn Ala Ser Leu Gly Trp Pro Asn Gly Leu Ala Leu Asp

465 470 475 480

Leu Gln Glu Gly Lys Leu Tyr Trp Gly Asp Ala Lys Thr Asp Lys Ile

485 490 495

Glu Val Ile Asn Val Asp Gly Thr Lys Arg Arg Thr Leu Leu Glu Asp

500 505 510

Lys Leu Pro His Ile Phe Gly Phe Thr Leu Leu Gly Asp Phe Ile Tyr

515 520 525

Trp Thr Asp Trp Gln Arg Arg Ser Ile Glu Arg Val His Lys Val Lys

530 535 540

Ala Ser Arg Asp Val Ile Ile Asp Gln Leu Pro Asp Leu Met Gly Leu

545 550 555 560

Lys Ala Val Asn Val Ala Lys Val Val Gly Thr Asn Pro Cys Ala Asp

565 570 575

Arg Asn Gly Gly Cys Ser His Leu Cys Phe Phe Thr Pro His Ala Thr

580 585 590

Arg Cys Gly Cys Pro Ile Gly Leu Glu Leu Leu Ser Asp Met Lys Thr

595 600 605

Cys Ile Val Pro Glu Ala Phe Leu Val Phe Thr Ser Arg Ala Ala Ile

610 615 620

His Arg Ile Ser Leu Glu Thr Asn Asn Asn Asp Val Ala Ile Pro Leu

625 630 635 640

Thr Gly Val Lys Glu Ala Ser Ala Leu Asp Phe Asp Val Ser Asn Asn

645 650 655

His Ile Tyr Trp Thr Asp Val Ser Leu Lys Thr Ile Ser Arg Ala Phe

660 665 670

Met Asn Gly Ser Ser Val Glu His Val Val Glu Phe Gly Leu Asp Tyr

675 680 685

Pro Glu Gly Met Ala Val Asp Trp Met Gly Lys Asn Leu Tyr Trp Ala

690 695 700

Asp Thr Gly Thr Asn Arg Ile Glu Val Ala Arg Leu Asp Gly Gln Phe

705 710 715 720

Arg Gln Val Leu Val Trp Arg Asp Leu Asp Asn Pro Arg Ser Leu Ala

725 730 735

Leu Asp Pro Thr Lys Gly Tyr Ile Tyr Trp Thr Glu Trp Gly Gly Lys

740 745 750

Pro Arg Ile Val Arg Ala Phe Met Asp Gly Thr Asn Cys Met Thr Leu

755 760 765

Val Asp Lys Val Gly Arg Ala Asn Asp Leu Thr Ile Asp Tyr Ala Asp

770 775 780

Gln Arg Leu Tyr Trp Thr Asp Leu Asp Thr Asn Met Ile Glu Ser Ser

785 790 795 800

Asn Met Leu Gly Gln Glu Arg Val Val Ile Ala Asp Asp Leu Pro His

805 810 815

Pro Phe Gly Leu Thr Gln Tyr Ser Asp Tyr Ile Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp

820 825 830

Asn Leu His Ser Ile Glu Arg Ala Asp Lys Thr Ser Gly Arg Asn Arg

835 840 845

Thr Leu Ile Gln Gly His Leu Asp Phe Val Met Asp Ile Leu Val Phe

850 855 860

His Ser Ser Arg Gln Asp Gly Leu Asn Asp Cys Met His Asn Asn Gly

865 870 875 880

Gln Cys Gly Gln Leu Cys Leu Ala Ile Pro Gly Gly His Arg Cys Gly

885 890 895

Cys Ala Ser His Tyr Thr Leu Asp Pro Ser Ser Arg Asn Cys Ser Pro

900 905 910

Pro Thr Thr Phe Leu Leu Phe Ser Gln Lys Ser Ala Ile Ser Arg Met

915 920 925

Ile Pro Asp Asp Gln His Ser Pro Asp Leu Ile Leu Pro Leu His Gly

930 935 940

Leu Arg Asn Val Lys Ala Ile Asp Tyr Asp Pro Leu Asp Lys Phe Ile

945 950 955 960

Tyr Trp Val Asp Gly Arg Gln Asn Ile Lys Arg Ala Lys Asp Asp Gly

965 970 975

Thr Gln Pro Phe Val Leu Thr Ser Leu Ser Gln Gly Gln Asn Pro Asp

980 985 990

Arg Gln Pro His Asp Leu Ser Ile Asp Ile Tyr Ser Arg Thr Leu Phe

›REFERENCES · 19 of 30

995 1000 1005

Trp Thr Cys Glu Ala Thr Asn Thr Ile Asn Val His Arg Leu Ser Gly

1010 1015 1020

Glu Ala Met Gly Val Val Leu Arg Gly Asp Arg Asp Lys Pro Arg Ala

1025 1030 1035 1040

Ile Val Val Asn Ala Glu Arg Gly Tyr Leu Tyr Phe Thr Asn Met Gln

1045 1050 1055

Asp Arg Ala Ala Lys Ile Glu Arg Ala Ala Leu Asp Gly Thr Glu Arg

1060 1065 1070

Glu Val Leu Phe Thr Thr Gly Leu Ile Arg Pro Val Ala Leu Val Val

1075 1080 1085

Asp Asn Thr Leu Gly Lys Leu Phe Trp Val Asp Ala Asp Leu Lys Arg

1090 1095 1100

Ile Glu Ser Cys Asp Leu Ser Gly Ala Asn Arg Leu Thr Leu Glu Asp

1105 1110 1115 1120

Ala Asn Ile Val Gln Pro Leu Gly Leu Thr Ile Leu Gly Lys His Leu

1125 1130 1135

Tyr Trp Ile Asp Arg Gln Gln Gln Met Ile Glu Arg Val Glu Lys Thr

1140 1145 1150

Thr Gly Asp Lys Arg Thr Arg Ile Gln Gly Arg Val Ala His Leu Thr

1155 1160 1165

Gly Ile His Ala Val Glu Glu Val Ser Leu Glu Glu Phe Ser Ala His

1170 1175 1180

Pro Cys Ala Arg Asp Asn Gly Gly Cys Ser His Ile Cys Ile Ala Lys

1185 1190 1195 1200

Gly Asp Gly Thr Pro Arg Cys Ser Cys Pro Val His Leu Val Leu Leu

1205 1210 1215

Gln Asn Leu Leu Thr Cys Gly Glu Pro Pro Thr Cys Ser Pro Asp Gln

1220 1225 1230

Phe Ala Cys Ala Thr Gly Glu Ile Asp Cys Ile Pro Gly Ala Trp Arg

1235 1240 1245

Cys Asp Gly Phe Pro Glu Cys Asp Asp Gln Ser Asp Glu Glu Gly Cys

1250 1255 1260

Pro Val Cys Ser Ala Ala Gln Phe Pro Cys Ala Arg Gly Gln Cys Val

1265 1270 1275 1280

Asp Leu Arg Leu Arg Cys Asp Gly Glu Ala Asp Cys Gln Asp Arg Ser

1285 1290 1295

Asp Glu Ala Asp Cys Asp Ala Ile Cys Leu Pro Asn Gln Phe Arg Cys

1300 1305 1310

Ala Ser Gly Gln Cys Val Leu Ile Lys Gln Gln Cys Asp Ser Phe Pro

1315 1320 1325

Asp Cys Ile Asp Gly Ser Asp Glu Leu Met Cys Glu Ile Thr Lys Pro

1330 1335 1340

Pro Ser Asp Asp Ser Pro Ala His Ser Ser Ala Ile Gly Pro Val Ile

1345 1350 1355 1360

Gly Ile Ile Leu Ser Leu Phe Val Met Gly Gly Val Tyr Phe Val Cys

1365 1370 1375

Gln Arg Val Val Cys Gln Arg Tyr Ala Gly Ala Asn Gly Pro Phe Pro

1380 1385 1390

His Glu Tyr Val Ser Gly Thr Pro His Val Pro Leu Asn Phe Ile Ala

1395 1400 1405

Pro Gly Gly Ser Gln His Gly Pro Phe Thr Gly Ile Ala Cys Gly Lys

1410 1415 1420

Ser Met Met Ser Ser Val Ser Leu Met Gly Gly Arg Gly Gly Val Pro

1425 1430 1435 1440

Leu Tyr Asp Arg Asn His Val Thr Gly Ala Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser

1445 1450 1455

Ser Thr Lys Ala Thr Leu Tyr Pro Pro Ile Leu Asn Pro Pro Pro Ser

1460 1465 1470

Pro Ala Thr Asp Pro Ser Leu Tyr Asn Met Asp Met Phe Tyr Ser Ser

1475 1480 1485

Asn Ile Pro Ala Thr Val Arg Pro Tyr Arg Pro Tyr Ile Ile Arg Gly

1490 1495 1500

Met Ala Pro Pro Thr Thr Pro Cys Ser Thr Asp Val Cys Asp Ser Asp

1505 1510 1515 1520

Tyr Ser Ala Ser Arg Trp Lys Ala Ser Lys Tyr Tyr Leu Asp Leu Asn

1525 1530 1535

Ser Asp Ser Asp Pro Tyr Pro Pro Pro Pro Thr Pro His Ser Gln Tyr

1540 1545 1550

Leu Ser Ala Glu Asp Ser Cys Pro Pro Ser Pro Ala Thr Glu Arg Ser

1555 1560 1565

Tyr Phe His Leu Phe Pro Pro Pro Pro Ser Pro Cys Thr Asp Ser Ser

1570 1575 1580

5117 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

40

GCCGCGGCGC CCGAGGCGGG AGCAAGAGGC GCCGGGAGCC GCGAGGATCC ACCGCCGCCG 60

CGCGCGCCAT GGAGCCCGAG TGAGCGCGCG GCGCTCCCGG CCGCCGGACG ACATGGAAAC 120

GGCGCCGACC CGGGCCCCTC CGCCGCCGCC GCCGCCGCTG CTGCTGCTGG TGCTGTACTG 180

CAGCTTGGTC CCCGCCGCGG CCTCACCGCT CCTGTTGTTT GCCAACCGCC GGGATGTGCG 240

GCTAGTGGAT GCCGGCGGAG TGAAGCTGGA GTCCACCATT GTGGCCAGTG GCCTGGAGGA 300

TGCAGCTGCT GTAGACTTCC AGTTCTCCAA GGGTGCTGTG TACTGGACAG ATGTGAGCGA 360

GGAGGCCATC AAACAGACCT ACCTGAACCA GACTGGAGCT GCTGCACAGA ACATTGTCAT 420

CTCGGGCCTC GTGTCACCTG ATGGCCTGGC CTGTGACTGG GTTGGCAAGA AGCTGTACTG 480

GACGGACTCC GAGACCAACC GCATTGAGGT TGCCAACCTC AATGGGACGT CCCGTAAGGT 540

TCTCTTCTGG CAGGACCTGG ACCAGCCAAG GGCCATTGCC CTGGATCCTG CACATGGGTA 600

CATGTACTGG ACTGACTGGG GGGAAGCACC CCGGATCGAG CGGGCAGGGA TGGATGGCAG 660

TACCCGGAAG ATCATTGTAG ACTCCGACAT TTACTGGCCC AATGGGCTGA CCATCGACCT 720

GGAGGAACAG AAGCTGTACT GGGCCGATGC CAAGCTCAGC TTCATCCACC GTGCCAACCT 780

GGACGGCTCC TTCCGGCAGA AGGTGGTGGA GGGCAGCCTC ACTCACCCTT TTGCCCTGAC 840

ACTCTCTGGG GACACACTCT ACTGGACAGA CTGGCAGACC CGCTCCATCC ACGCCTGCAA 900

CAAGTGGACA GGGGAGCAGA GGAAGGAGAT CCTTAGTGCT CTGTACTCAC CCATGGACAT 960

CCAAGTGCTG AGCCAGGAGC GGCAGCCTCC CTTCCACACA CCATGCGAGG AGGACAACGG 1020

TGGCTGTTCC CACCTGTGCC TGCTGTCCCC GAGGGAGCCT TTCTACTCCT GTGCCTGCCC 1080

CACTGGTGTG CAGTTGCAGG ACAATGGCAA GACGTGCAAG ACAGGGGCTG AGGAAGTGCT 1140

GCTGCTGGCT CGGAGGACAG ACCTGAGGAG GATCTCTCTG GACACCCCTG ACTTCACAGA 1200

CATAGTGCTG CAGGTGGGCG ACATCCGGCA TGCCATTGCC ATTGACTACG ATCCCCTGGA 1260

GGGCTACGTG TACTGGACCG ATGATGAGGT GCGGGCTATC CGCAGGGCGT ACCTAGATGG 1320

CTCAGGTGCG CAGACACTTG TGAACACTGA GATCAATGAC CCCGATGGCA TTGCTGTGGA 1380

CTGGGTCGCC CGGAACCTCT ACTGGACAGA TACAGGCACT GACAGAATTG AGGTGACTCG 1440

CCTCAACGGC ACCTCCCGAA AGATCCTGGT ATCTGAGGAC CTGGACGAAC CGCGAGCCAT 1500

TGTGTTGCAC CCTGTGATGG GCCTCATGTA CTGGACAGAC TGGGGGGAGA ACCCCAAAAT 1560

CGAATGCGCC AACCTAGATG GGAGAGATCG GCATGTCCTG GTGAACACCT CCCTTGGGTG 1620

GCCCAATGGA CTGGCCCTGG ACCTGCAGGA GGGCAAGCTG TACTGGGGGG ATGCCAAAAC 1680

TGATAAAATC GAGGTGATCA ACATAGACGG GACAAAGCGG AAGACCCTGC TTGAGGACAA 1740

GCTCCCACAC ATTTTTGGGT TCACACTGCT GGGGGACTTC ATCTACTGGA CCGACTGGCA 1800

GAGACGCAGT ATTGAAAGGG TCCACAAGGT CAAGGCCAGC CGGGATGTCA TCATTGATCA 1860

ACTCCCCGAC CTGATGGGAC TCAAAGCCGT GAATGTGGCC AAGGTTGTCG GAACCAACCC 1920

ATGTGCGGAT GGAAATGGAG GGTGCAGCCA TCTGTGCTTC TTCACCCCAC GTGCCACCAA 1980

GTGTGGCTGC CCCATTGGCC TGGAGCTGTT GAGTGACATG AAGACCTGCA TAATCCCCGA 2040

GGCCTTCCGG TATTCACCAG CAGAGCCACC ATCCACAGGA TCTCCCTGGA GACTAACAAC 2100

AACGATGTGG CTATCCCACT CACGGGTGTC AAAGAGGCCT CTGCACTGGA CTTTGATGTG 2160

TCCAACAATC ACATCTACTG GACTGATGTT AGCCTCAAGA CGATCAGCCG AGCCTTCATG 2220

AATGGGAGCT CAGTGGAGCA CGTGATTGAG TTTGGCCTCG ACTACCCTGA AGGAATGGCT 2280

GTGGACTGGA TGGGCAAGAA CCTCTATTGG GCGGACACAG GGACCAACAG GATTGAGGTG 2340

GCCCGGCTGG ATGGGCAGTT CCGGCAGGTG CTTGTGTGGA GAGACCTTGA CAACCCCAGG 2400

TCTCTGGCTC TGGATCCTAC TAAAGGCTAC ATCTACTGGA CTGAGTGGGG TGGCAAGCCA 2460

AGGATTGTGC GGGCCTTCAT GGATGGGACC AATTGTATGA CACTGGTAGA CAAGGTGGGC 2520

CGGGCCAACG ACCTCACCAT TGATTATGCC GACCAGCGAC TGTACTGGAC TGACCTGGAC 2580

ACCAACATGA TTGAGTCTTC CAACATGCTG GGTCAGGAGC GCATGGTGAT AGCTGACGAT 2640

CTGCCCTACC CGTTTGGCCT GACTCAATAT AGCGATTACA TCTACTGGAC TGACTGGAAC 2700

CTGCATAGCA TTGAACGGGC GGACAAGACC AGTGGGCGGA ACCGCACCCT CATCCAGGGT 2760

›REFERENCES · 20 of 30

CACCTGGACT TCGTCATGGA CATCCTGGTG TTCCACTCCT CCCGTCAGGA TGGCCTCAAC 2820

GACTGCGTGC ACAGCAATGG CCAGTGTGGG CAGCTGTGCC TCGCCATCCC CGGAGGCCAC 2880

CGCTGTGGCT GTGCTTCACA CTACACGCTG GACCCCAGCA GCCGCAACTG CAGCCCGCCC 2940

TCCACCTTCT TGCTGTTCAG CCAGAAATTT GCCATCAGCC GGATGATCCC CGATGACCAG 3000

CTCAGCCCGG ACCTTGTCCT ACCCCTTCAT GGGCTGAGGA ACGTCAAAGC CATCAACTAT 3060

GACCCGCTGG ACAAGTTCAT CTACTGGGTG GACGGGCGCC AGAACATCAA GAGGGCCAAG 3120

GACGACGGTA CCCAGCCCTC CATGCTGACC TCTCCCAGCC AAAGCCTGAG CCCAGACAGA 3180

CAGCCACACG ACCTCAGCAT TGACATCTAC AGCCGGACAC TGTTCTGGAC CTGTGAGGCC 3240

ACCAACACTA TCAATGTCCA CCGGCTGGAT GGGGATGCCA TGGGAGTGGT GCTTCGAGGG 3300

GACCGTGACA AGCCAAGGGC CATTGCTGTC AATGCTGAGC GAGGGTACAT GTACTTTACC 3360

AACATGCAGG ACCATGCTGC CAAGATCGAG CGAGCCTCCC TGGATGGCAC AGAGCGGGAG 3420

GTCCTCTTCA CCACAGGCCT CATCCGTCCC GTGGCCCTTG TGGTGGACAA TGCTCTGGGC 3480

AAGCTCTTCT GGGTGGATGC CGACCTAAAG CGAATCGAAA GCTGTGACCT CTCTGGGGCC 3540

AACCGCCTGA CCCTGGAAGA TGCCAACATC GTACAGCCAG TAGGTCTGAC AGTGCTGGGC 3600

AGGCACCTCT ACTGGATCGA CCGCCAGCAG CAGATGATCG AGCGCGTGGA GAAGACCACT 3660

GGGGACAAGC GGACTAGGGT TCAGGGCCGT GTCACCCACC TGACAGGCAT CCATGCCGTG 3720

GAGGAAGTCA GCCTGGAGGA GTTCTCAGCC CATCCTTGTG CCCGAGACAA TGGCGGCTGC 3780

TCCCACATCT GTATCGCCAA GGGTGATGGA ACACCGCGCT GCTCGTGCCC TGTCCACCTG 3840

GTGCTCCTGC AGAACCTGCT GACTTGTGGT GAGCCTCCTA CCTGCTCCCC TGATCAGTTT 3900

GCATGTACCA CTGGTGAGAT CGACTGCATC CCCGGAGCCT GGCGCTGTGA CGGCTTCCCT 3960

GAGTGTGCTG ACCAGAGTGA TGAAGAAGGC TGCCCAGTGT GCTCCGCCTC TCAGTTCCCC 4020

TGCGCTCGAG GCCAGTGTGT GGACCTGCGG TTACGCTGCG ACGGTGAGGC CGACTGCCAG 4080

GATCGCTCTG ATGAAGTAAC TGCGATGCTG TCTGTCTGCC CAATCAGTTC CGGTGCACCA 4140

GCGGCCAGTG TGTCCTCATC AAGCAACAGT GTGACTCCTT CCCCGACTGT GCTGATGGGT 4200

CTGATGAGCT CATGTGTGAA ATCAACAAGC CACCCTCTGA TGACATCCCA GCCCACAGCA 4260

GTGCCATTGG GCCCGTCATT GGTATCATCC TCTCCCTCTT CGTCATGGGC GGGGTCTACT 4320

TTGTCTGCCA GCGTGTGATG TGCCAGCGCT ACACAGGGGC CAGTGGGCCC TTTCCCCACG 4380

AGTATGTTGG TGGAGCCCCT CATGTGCCTC TCAACTTCAT AGCCCCAGGT GGCTCACAGC 4440

ACGGTCCCTT CCCAGGCATC CCGTGCAGCA AGTCCGTGAT GAGCTCCATG AGCCTGGTGG 4500

GGGGGCGCGG CAGCGTGCCC CTCTATGACC GGAATCACGT CACTGGGGCC TCATCCAGCA 4560

GCTCGTCCAG CACAAAGGCC ACACTATATC CGCCGATCCT GAACCCACCC CCGTCCCCGG 4620

CCACAGACCC CTCTCTCTAC AACGTGGACG TGTTTTATTC TTCAGGCATC CCGGCCACCG 4680

CTAGACCATA CAGGCCCTAC GTCATTCGAG GTATGGCACC CCCAACAACA CCGTGCAGCA 4740

CAGATGTGTG TGACAGTGAC TACAGCATCA GTCGCTGGAA GAGCAGCAAA TACTACCTGG 4800

ACTTGAATTC GGACTCAGAC CCCTACCCCC CCCCGCCCAC CCCCCACAGC CAGTACCTAT 4860

CTGCAGAGGA CAGCTGCCCA CCCTCACCAG GCACTGAGAG GAGTTACTGC CACCTCTTCC 4920

CGCCCCCACC GTCCCCCTGC ACGGACTCGT CCTGACCTCG GCCGTCCACC CGGCCCTGCT 4980

GCCTCCCTGT AAATATTTTT AAATATGAAC AAAGGAAAAA TATATTTTAT GATTTAAAAA 5040

ATAAATATAA TTGGGGTTTT TAACAAGTGA GAAATGTGAG CGGTGAAGGG GTGGGCAGGG 5100

CTGGGAAACT TTTCTAG 5117

4843 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

41

ATGGAAACGG CGCCGACCCG GGCCCCTCCG CCGCCGCCGC CGCCGCTGCT GCTGCTGGTG 60

CTGTACTGCA GCTTGGTCCC CGCCGCGGCC TCACCGCTCC TGTTGTTTGC CAACCGCCGG 120

GATGTGCGGC TAGTGGATGC CGGCGGAGTG AAGCTGGAGT CCACCATTGT GGCCAGTGGC 180

CTGGAGGATG CAGCTGCTGT AGACTTCCAG TTCTCCAAGG GTGCTGTGTA CTGGACAGAT 240

GTGAGCGAGG AGGCCATCAA ACAGACCTAC CTGAACCAGA CTGGAGCTGC TGCACAGAAC 300

ATTGTCATCT CGGGCCTCGT GTCACCTGAT GGCCTGGCCT GTGACTGGGT TGGCAAGAAG 360

CTGTACTGGA CGGACTCCGA GACCAACCGC ATTGAGGTTG CCAACCTCAA TGGGACGTCC 420

CGTAAGGTTC TCTTCTGGCA GGACCTGGAC CAGCCAAGGG CCATTGCCCT GGATCCTGCA 480

CATGGGTACA TGTACTGGAC TGACTGGGGG GAAGCACCCC GGATCGAGCG GGCAGGGATG 540

GATGGCAGTA CCCGGAAGAT CATTGTAGAC TCCGACATTT ACTGGCCCAA TGGGCTGACC 600

ATCGACCTGG AGGAACAGAA GCTGTACTGG GCCGATGCCA AGCTCAGCTT CATCCACCGT 660

GCCAACCTGG ACGGCTCCTT CCGGCAGAAG GTGGTGGAGG GCAGCCTCAC TCACCCTTTT 720

GCCCTGACAC TCTCTGGGGA CACACTCTAC TGGACAGACT GGCAGACCCG CTCCATCCAC 780

GCCTGCAACA AGTGGACAGG GGAGCAGAGG AAGGAGATCC TTAGTGCTCT GTACTCACCC 840

ATGGACATCC AAGTGCTGAG CCAGGAGCGG CAGCCTCCCT TCCACACACC ATGCGAGGAG 900

GACAACGGTG GCTGTTCCCA CCTGTGCCTG CTGTCCCCGA GGGAGCCTTT CTACTCCTGT 960

GCCTGCCCCA CTGGTGTGCA GTTGCAGGAC AATGGCAAGA CGTGCAAGAC AGGGGCTGAG 1020

GAAGTGCTGC TGCTGGCTCG GAGGACAGAC CTGAGGAGGA TCTCTCTGGA CACCCCTGAC 1080

TTCACAGACA TAGTGCTGCA GGTGGGCGAC ATCCGGCATG CCATTGCCAT TGACTACGAT 1140

CCCCTGGAGG GCTACGTGTA CTGGACCGAT GATGAGGTGC GGGCTATCCG CAGGGCGTAC 1200

CTAGATGGCT CAGGTGCGCA GACACTTGTG AACACTGAGA TCAATGACCC CGATGGCATT 1260

GCTGTGGACT GGGTCGCCCG GAACCTCTAC TGGACAGATA CAGGCACTGA CAGAATTGAG 1320

GTGACTCGCC TCAACGGCAC CTCCCGAAAG ATCCTGGTAT CTGAGGACCT GGACGAACCG 1380

CGAGCCATTG TGTTGCACCC TGTGATGGGC CTCATGTACT GGACAGACTG GGGGGAGAAC 1440

CCCAAAATCG AATGCGCCAA CCTAGATGGG AGAGATCGGC ATGTCCTGGT GAACACCTCC 1500

CTTGGGTGGC CCAATGGACT GGCCCTGGAC CTGCAGGAGG GCAAGCTGTA CTGGGGGGAT 1560

GCCAAAACTG ATAAAATCGA GGTGATCAAC ATAGACGGGA CAAAGCGGAA GACCCTGCTT 1620

GAGGACAAGC TCCCACACAT TTTTGGGTTC ACACTGCTGG GGGACTTCAT CTACTGGACC 1680

GACTGGCAGA GACGCAGTAT TGAAAGGGTC CACAAGGTCA AGGCCAGCCG GGATGTCATC 1740

ATTGATCAAC TCCCCGACCT GATGGGACTC AAAGCCGTGA ATGTGGCCAA GGTTGTCGGA 1800

ACCAACCCAT GTGCGGATGG AAATGGAGGG TGCAGCCATC TGTGCTTCTT CACCCCACGT 1860

GCCACCAAGT GTGGCTGCCC CATTGGCCTG GAGCTGTTGA GTGACATGAA GACCTGCATA 1920

ATCCCCGAGG CCTTCCTGGT ATTCACCAGC AGAGCCACCA TCCACAGGAT CTCCCTGGAG 1980

ACTAACAACA ACGATGTGGC TATCCCACTC ACGGGTGTCA AAGAGGCCTC TGCACTGGAC 2040

TTTGATGTTC CAACAATCAC ATCTACTGGA CTGATGTTAG CCTCAAGACG ATCAGCCGAG 2100

CCTTCATGAA TGGGAGCTCA GTGGAGCACG TGATTGAGTT TGGCCTCGAC TACCCTGAAG 2160

GAATGGCTGT GGACTGGATG GGCAAGAACC TCTATTGGGC GGACACAGGG ACCAACAGGA 2220

TTGAGGTGGC CCGGCTGGAT GGGCAGTTCC GGCAGGTGCT TGTGTGGAGA GACCTTGACA 2280

ACCCCAGGTC TCTGGCTCTG GATCCTACTA AAGGCTACAT CTACTGGACT GAGTGGGGTG 2340

GCAAGCCAAG GATTGTGCGG GCCTTCATGG ATGGGACCAA TTGTATGACA CTGGTAGACA 2400

AGGTGGGCCG GGCCAACGAC CTCACCATTG ATTATGCCGA CCAGCGACTG TACTGGACTG 2460

ACCTGGACAC CAACATGATT GAGTCTTCCA ACATGCTGGG TCAGGAGCGC ATGGTGATAG 2520

CTGACGATCT GCCCTACCCG TTTGGCCTGA CTCAATATAG CGATTACATC TACTGGACTG 2580

ACTGGAACCT GCATAGCATT GAACGGGCGG ACAAGACCAG TGGGCGGAAC CGCACCCTCA 2640

TCCAGGGTCA CCTGGACTTC GTCATGGACA TCCTGGTGTT CCACTCCTCC CGTCAGGATG 2700

GCCTCAACGA CTGCGTGCAC AGCAATGGCC AGTGTGGGCA GCTGTGCCTC GCCATCCCCG 2760

GAGGCCACCG CTGTGGCTGT GCTTCACACT ACACGCTGGA CCCCAGCAGC CGCAACTGCA 2820

›REFERENCES · 21 of 30

GCCCGCCCTC CACCTTCTTG CTGTTCAGCC AGAAATTTGC CATCAGCCGG ATGATCCCCG 2880

ATGACCAGCT CAGCCCGGAC CTTGTCCTAC CCCTTCATGG GCTGAGGAAC GTCAAAGCCA 2940

TCAACTATGA CCCGCTGGAC AAGTTCATCT ACTGGGTGGA CGGGCGCCAG AACATCAAGA 3000

GGGCCAAGGA CGACGGTACC CAGCCCTCCA TGCTGACCTC TCCCAGCCAA AGCCTGAGCC 3060

CAGACAGACA GCCACACGAC CTCAGCATTG ACATCTACAG CCGGACACTG TTCTGGACCT 3120

GTGAGGCCAC CAACACTATC AATGTCCACC GGCTGGATGG GGATGCCATG GGAGTGGTGC 3180

TTCGAGGGGA CCGTGACAAG CCAAGGGCCA TTGCTGTCAA TGCTGAGCGA GGGTACATGT 3240

ACTTTACCAA CATGCAGGAC CATGCTGCCA AGATCGAGCG AGCCTCCCTG GATGGCACAG 3300

AGCGGGAGGT CCTCTTCACC ACAGGCCTCA TCCGTCCCGT GGCCCTTGTG GTGGACAATG 3360

CTCTGGGCAA GCTCTTCTGG GTGGATGCCG ACCTAAAGCG AATCGAAAGC TGTGACCTCT 3420

CTGGGGCCAA CCGCCTGACC CTGGAAGATG CCAACATCGT ACAGCCAGTA GGTCTGACAG 3480

TGCTGGGCAG GCACCTCTAC TGGATCGACC GCCAGCAGCA GATGATCGAG CGCGTGGAGA 3540

AGACCACTGG GGACAAGCGG ACTAGGGTTC AGGGCCGTGT CACCCACCTG ACAGGCATCC 3600

ATGCCGTGGA GGAAGTCAGC CTGGAGGAGT TCTCAGCCCA TCCTTGTGCC CGAGACAATG 3660

GCGGCTGCTC CCACATCTGT ATCGCCAAGG GTGATGGAAC ACCGCGCTGC TCGTGCCCTG 3720

TCCACCTGGT GCTCCTGCAG AACCTGCTGA CTTGTGGTGA GCCTCCTACC TGCTCCCCTG 3780

ATCAGTTTGC ATGTACCACT GGTGAGATCG ACTGCATCCC CGGAGCCTGG CGCTGTGACG 3840

GCTTCCCTGA GTGTGCTGAC CAGAGTGATG AAGAAGGCTG CCCAGTGTGC TCCGCCTCTC 3900

AGTTCCCCTG CGCTCGAGGC CAGTGTGTGG ACCTGCGGTT ACGCTGCGAC GGTGAGGCCG 3960

ACTGCCAGGA TCGCTCTGAT GAAGCTAACT GCGATGCTGT CTGTCTGCCC AATCAGTTCC 4020

GGTGCACCAG CGGCCAGTGT GTCCTCATCA AGCAACAGTG TGACTCCTTC CCCGACTGTG 4080

CTGATGGGTC TGATGACTCA TGTGTGAAAT CAACAAGCCA CCCTCTGATG ACATCCCAGC 4140

CCACAGCAGT GCCATTGGGC CCGTCATTGG TATCATCCTC TCCCTCTTCG TCATGGGCGG 4200

GGTCTACTTT GTCTGCCAGC GTGTGATGTG CCAGCGCTAC ACAGGGGCCA GTGGGCCCTT 4260

TCCCCACGAG TATGTTGGTG GAGCCCCTCA TGTGCCTCTC AACTTCATAG CCCCAGGTGG 4320

CTCACAGCAC GGTCCCTTCC CAGGCATCCC GTGCAGCAAG TCCGTGATGA GCTCCATGAG 4380

CCTGGTGGGG GGGCGCGGCA GCGTGCCCCT CTATGACCGG AATCACGTCA CTGGGGCCTC 4440

ATCCAGCAGC TCGTCCAGCA CAAAGGCCAC ACTATATCCG CCGATCCTGA ACCCACCCCC 4500

GTCCCCGGCC ACAGACCCCT CTCTCTACAA CGTGGACGTG TTTTATTCTT CAGGCATCCC 4560

GGCCACCGCT AGACCATACA GGCCCTACGT CATTCGAGGT ATGGCACCCC CAACAACACC 4620

GTGCAGCACA GATGTGTGTG ACAGTGACTA CAGCATCAGT CGCTGGAAGA GCAGCAAATA 4680

CTACCTGGAC TTGAATTCGG ACTCAGACCC CTACCCCCCC CCGCCCACCC CCCACAGCCA 4740

GTACCTATCT GCAGAGGACA GCTGCCCACC CTCACCAGGC ACTGAGAGGA GTTACTGCCA 4800

CCTCTTCCCG CCCCCACCGT CCCCCTGCAC GGACTCGTCC TGA 4843

1614 amino acids

amino acid

linear

42

Met Glu Thr Ala Pro Thr Arg Ala Pro Pro Pro Pro Pro Pro Pro Leu

1 5 10 15

Leu Leu Leu Val Leu Tyr Cys Ser Leu Val Pro Ala Ala Ala Ser Pro

20 25 30

Leu Leu Leu Phe Ala Asn Arg Arg Asp Val Arg Leu Val Asp Ala Gly

35 40 45

Gly Val Lys Leu Glu Ser Thr Ile Val Ala Ser Gly Leu Glu Asp Ala

50 55 60

Ala Ala Val Asp Phe Gln Phe Ser Lys Gly Ala Val Tyr Trp Thr Asp

65 70 75 80

Val Ser Glu Glu Ala Ile Lys Gln Thr Tyr Leu Asn Gln Thr Gly Ala

85 90 95

Ala Ala Gln Asn Ile Val Ile Ser Gly Leu Val Ser Pro Asp Gly Leu

100 105 110

Ala Cys Asp Trp Val Gly Lys Lys Leu Tyr Trp Thr Asp Ser Glu Thr

115 120 125

Asn Arg Ile Glu Val Ala Asn Leu Asn Gly Thr Ser Arg Lys Val Leu

130 135 140

Phe Trp Gln Asp Leu Asp Gln Pro Arg Ala Ile Ala Leu Asp Pro Ala

145 150 155 160

His Gly Tyr Met Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp Gly Glu Ala Pro Arg Ile Glu

165 170 175

Arg Ala Gly Met Asp Gly Ser Thr Arg Lys Ile Ile Val Asp Ser Asp

180 185 190

Ile Tyr Trp Pro Asn Gly Leu Thr Ile Asp Leu Glu Glu Gln Lys Leu

195 200 205

Tyr Trp Ala Asp Ala Lys Leu Ser Phe Ile His Arg Ala Asn Leu Asp

210 215 220

Gly Ser Phe Arg Gln Lys Val Val Glu Gly Ser Leu Thr His Pro Phe

225 230 235 240

Ala Leu Thr Leu Ser Gly Asp Thr Leu Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp Gln Thr

245 250 255

Arg Ser Ile His Ala Cys Asn Lys Trp Thr Gly Glu Gln Arg Lys Glu

260 265 270

Ile Leu Ser Ala Leu Tyr Ser Pro Met Asp Ile Gln Val Leu Ser Gln

275 280 285

Glu Arg Gln Pro Pro Phe His Thr Pro Cys Glu Glu Asp Asn Gly Gly

290 295 300

Cys Ser His Leu Cys Leu Leu Ser Pro Arg Glu Pro Phe Tyr Ser Cys

305 310 315 320

Ala Cys Pro Thr Gly Val Gln Leu Gln Asp Asn Gly Lys Thr Cys Lys

325 330 335

Thr Gly Ala Glu Glu Val Leu Leu Leu Ala Arg Arg Thr Asp Leu Arg

340 345 350

Arg Ile Ser Leu Asp Thr Pro Asp Phe Thr Asp Ile Val Leu Gln Val

355 360 365

Gly Asp Ile Arg His Ala Ile Ala Ile Asp Tyr Asp Pro Leu Glu Gly

370 375 380

Tyr Val Tyr Trp Thr Asp Asp Glu Val Arg Ala Ile Arg Arg Ala Tyr

385 390 395 400

Leu Asp Gly Ser Gly Ala Gln Thr Leu Val Asn Thr Glu Ile Asn Asp

405 410 415

Pro Asp Gly Ile Ala Val Asp Trp Val Ala Arg Asn Leu Tyr Trp Thr

420 425 430

Asp Thr Gly Thr Asp Arg Ile Glu Val Thr Arg Leu Asn Gly Thr Ser

435 440 445

Arg Lys Ile Leu Val Ser Glu Asp Leu Asp Glu Pro Arg Ala Ile Val

450 455 460

Leu His Pro Val Met Gly Leu Met Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp Gly Glu Asn

465 470 475 480

Pro Lys Ile Glu Cys Ala Asn Leu Asp Gly Arg Asp Arg His Val Leu

485 490 495

Val Asn Thr Ser Leu Gly Trp Pro Asn Gly Leu Ala Leu Asp Leu Gln

500 505 510

Glu Gly Lys Leu Tyr Trp Gly Asp Ala Lys Thr Asp Lys Ile Glu Val

515 520 525

Ile Asn Ile Asp Gly Thr Lys Arg Lys Thr Leu Leu Glu Asp Lys Leu

530 535 540

Pro His Ile Phe Gly Phe Thr Leu Leu Gly Asp Phe Ile Tyr Trp Thr

545 550 555 560

Asp Trp Gln Arg Arg Ser Ile Glu Arg Val His Lys Val Lys Ala Ser

565 570 575

Arg Asp Val Ile Ile Asp Gln Leu Pro Asp Leu Met Gly Leu Lys Ala

580 585 590

Val Asn Val Ala Lys Val Val Gly Thr Asn Pro Cys Ala Asp Gly Asn

595 600 605

Gly Gly Cys Ser His Leu Cys Phe Phe Thr Pro Arg Ala Thr Lys Cys

610 615 620

Gly Cys Pro Ile Gly Leu Glu Leu Leu Ser Asp Met Lys Thr Cys Ile

625 630 635 640

Ile Pro Glu Ala Phe Leu Val Phe Thr Ser Arg Ala Thr Ile His Arg

645 650 655

Ile Ser Leu Glu Thr Asn Asn Asn Asp Val Ala Ile Pro Leu Thr Gly

660 665 670

Val Lys Glu Ala Ser Ala Leu Asp Phe Asp Val Ser Asn Asn His Ile

675 680 685

Tyr Trp Thr Asp Val Ser Leu Lys Thr Ile Ser Arg Ala Phe Met Asn

690 695 700

Gly Ser Ser Val Glu His Val Ile Glu Phe Gly Leu Asp Tyr Pro Glu

705 710 715 720

Gly Met Ala Val Asp Trp Met Gly Lys Asn Leu Tyr Trp Ala Asp Thr

725 730 735

Gly Thr Asn Arg Ile Glu Val Ala Arg Leu Asp Gly Gln Phe Arg Gln

740 745 750

Val Leu Val Trp Arg Asp Leu Asp Asn Pro Arg Ser Leu Ala Leu Asp

755 760 765

Pro Thr Lys Gly Tyr Ile Tyr Trp Thr Glu Trp Gly Gly Lys Pro Arg

›REFERENCES · 22 of 30

770 775 780

Ile Val Arg Ala Phe Met Asp Gly Thr Asn Cys Met Thr Leu Val Asp

785 790 795 800

Lys Val Gly Arg Ala Asn Asp Leu Thr Ile Asp Tyr Ala Asp Gln Arg

805 810 815

Leu Tyr Trp Thr Asp Leu Asp Thr Asn Met Ile Glu Ser Ser Asn Met

820 825 830

Leu Gly Gln Glu Arg Met Val Ile Ala Asp Asp Leu Pro Tyr Pro Phe

835 840 845

Gly Leu Thr Gln Tyr Ser Asp Tyr Ile Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp Asn Leu

850 855 860

His Ser Ile Glu Arg Ala Asp Lys Thr Ser Gly Arg Asn Arg Thr Leu

865 870 875 880

Ile Gln Gly His Leu Asp Phe Val Met Asp Ile Leu Val Phe His Ser

885 890 895

Ser Arg Gln Asp Gly Leu Asn Asp Cys Val His Ser Asn Gly Gln Cys

900 905 910

Gly Gln Leu Cys Leu Ala Ile Pro Gly Gly His Arg Cys Gly Cys Ala

915 920 925

Ser His Tyr Thr Leu Asp Pro Ser Ser Arg Asn Cys Ser Pro Pro Ser

930 935 940

Thr Phe Leu Leu Phe Ser Gln Lys Phe Ala Ile Ser Arg Met Ile Pro

945 950 955 960

Asp Asp Gln Leu Ser Pro Asp Leu Val Leu Pro Leu His Gly Leu Arg

965 970 975

Asn Val Lys Ala Ile Asn Tyr Asp Pro Leu Asp Lys Phe Ile Tyr Trp

980 985 990

Val Asp Gly Arg Gln Asn Ile Lys Arg Ala Lys Asp Asp Gly Thr Gln

995 1000 1005

Pro Ser Met Leu Thr Ser Pro Ser Gln Ser Leu Ser Pro Asp Arg Gln

1010 1015 1020

Pro His Asp Leu Ser Ile Asp Ile Tyr Ser Arg Thr Leu Phe Trp Thr

1025 1030 1035 1040

Cys Glu Ala Thr Asn Thr Ile Asn Val His Arg Leu Asp Gly Asp Ala

1045 1050 1055

Met Gly Val Val Leu Arg Gly Asp Arg Asp Lys Pro Arg Ala Ile Ala

1060 1065 1070

Val Asn Ala Glu Arg Gly Tyr Met Tyr Phe Thr Asn Met Gln Asp His

1075 1080 1085

Ala Ala Lys Ile Glu Arg Ala Ser Leu Asp Gly Thr Glu Arg Glu Val

1090 1095 1100

Leu Phe Thr Thr Gly Leu Ile Arg Pro Val Ala Leu Val Val Asp Asn

1105 1110 1115 1120

Ala Leu Gly Lys Leu Phe Trp Val Asp Ala Asp Leu Lys Arg Ile Glu

1125 1130 1135

Ser Cys Asp Leu Ser Gly Ala Asn Arg Leu Thr Leu Glu Asp Ala Asn

1140 1145 1150

Ile Val Gln Pro Val Gly Leu Thr Val Leu Gly Arg His Leu Tyr Trp

1155 1160 1165

Ile Asp Arg Gln Gln Gln Met Ile Glu Arg Val Glu Lys Thr Thr Gly

1170 1175 1180

Asp Lys Arg Thr Arg Val Gln Gly Arg Val Thr His Leu Thr Gly Ile

1185 1190 1195 1200

His Ala Val Glu Glu Val Ser Leu Glu Glu Phe Ser Ala His Pro Cys

1205 1210 1215

Ala Arg Asp Asn Gly Gly Cys Ser His Ile Cys Ile Ala Lys Gly Asp

1220 1225 1230

Gly Thr Pro Arg Cys Ser Cys Pro Val His Leu Val Leu Leu Gln Asn

1235 1240 1245

Leu Leu Thr Cys Gly Glu Pro Pro Thr Cys Ser Pro Asp Gln Phe Ala

1250 1255 1260

Cys Thr Thr Gly Glu Ile Asp Cys Ile Pro Gly Ala Trp Arg Cys Asp

1265 1270 1275 1280

Gly Phe Pro Glu Cys Ala Asp Gln Ser Asp Glu Glu Gly Cys Pro Val

1285 1290 1295

Cys Ser Ala Ser Gln Phe Pro Cys Ala Arg Gly Gln Cys Val Asp Leu

1300 1305 1310

Arg Leu Arg Cys Asp Gly Glu Ala Asp Cys Gln Asp Arg Ser Asp Glu

1315 1320 1325

Ala Asn Cys Asp Ala Val Cys Leu Pro Asn Gln Phe Arg Cys Thr Ser

1330 1335 1340

Gly Gln Cys Val Leu Ile Lys Gln Gln Cys Asp Ser Phe Pro Asp Cys

1345 1350 1355 1360

Ala Asp Gly Ser Asp Glu Leu Met Cys Glu Ile Asn Lys Pro Pro Ser

1365 1370 1375

Asp Asp Ile Pro Ala His Ser Ser Ala Ile Gly Pro Val Ile Gly Ile

1380 1385 1390

Ile Leu Ser Leu Phe Val Met Gly Gly Val Tyr Phe Val Cys Gln Arg

1395 1400 1405

Val Met Cys Gln Arg Tyr Thr Gly Ala Ser Gly Pro Phe Pro His Glu

1410 1415 1420

Tyr Val Gly Gly Ala Pro His Val Pro Leu Asn Phe Ile Ala Pro Gly

1425 1430 1435 1440

Gly Ser Gln His Gly Pro Phe Pro Gly Ile Pro Cys Ser Lys Ser Val

1445 1450 1455

Met Ser Ser Met Ser Leu Val Gly Gly Arg Gly Ser Val Pro Leu Tyr

1460 1465 1470

Asp Arg Asn His Val Thr Gly Ala Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Thr

1475 1480 1485

Lys Ala Thr Leu Tyr Pro Pro Ile Leu Asn Pro Pro Pro Ser Pro Ala

1490 1495 1500

Thr Asp Pro Ser Leu Tyr Asn Val Asp Val Phe Tyr Ser Ser Gly Ile

1505 1510 1515 1520

Pro Ala Thr Ala Arg Pro Tyr Arg Pro Tyr Val Ile Arg Gly Met Ala

1525 1530 1535

Pro Pro Thr Thr Pro Cys Ser Thr Asp Val Cys Asp Ser Asp Tyr Ser

1540 1545 1550

Ile Ser Arg Trp Lys Ser Ser Lys Tyr Tyr Leu Asp Leu Asn Ser Asp

1555 1560 1565

Ser Asp Pro Tyr Pro Pro Pro Pro Thr Pro His Ser Gln Tyr Leu Ser

1570 1575 1580

Ala Glu Asp Ser Cys Pro Pro Ser Pro Gly Thr Glu Arg Ser Tyr Cys

1585 1590 1595 1600

His Leu Phe Pro Pro Pro Pro Ser Pro Cys Thr Asp Ser Ser

1605 1610

1591 amino acids

amino acid

linear

43

Cys Pro Ala Pro Ala Ala Ala Ser Pro Leu Leu Leu Phe Ala Asn Arg

1 5 10 15

Arg Asp Val Arg Leu Val Asp Ala Gly Gly Val Lys Leu Glu Ser Thr

20 25 30

Ile Val Val Ser Gly Leu Glu Asp Ala Ala Ala Val Asp Phe Gln Phe

35 40 45

Ser Lys Gly Ala Val Tyr Trp Thr Asp Val Ser Glu Glu Ala Ile Lys

50 55 60

Gln Thr Tyr Leu Asn Gln Thr Gly Ala Ala Val Gln Asn Val Val Ile

65 70 75 80

Ser Gly Leu Val Ser Pro Asp Gly Leu Ala Cys Asp Trp Val Gly Lys

85 90 95

Lys Leu Tyr Trp Thr Asp Ser Glu Thr Asn Arg Ile Glu Val Ala Asn

100 105 110

Leu Asn Gly Thr Ser Arg Lys Val Leu Phe Trp Gln Asp Leu Asp Gln

115 120 125

Pro Arg Ala Ile Ala Leu Asp Pro Ala His Gly Tyr Met Tyr Trp Thr

130 135 140

Asp Trp Gly Glu Thr Pro Arg Ile Glu Arg Ala Gly Met Asp Gly Ser

145 150 155 160

Thr Arg Lys Ile Ile Val Asp Ser Asp Ile Tyr Trp Pro Asn Gly Leu

165 170 175

Thr Ile Asp Leu Glu Glu Gln Lys Leu Tyr Trp Ala Asp Ala Lys Leu

180 185 190

Ser Phe Ile His Arg Ala Asn Leu Asp Gly Ser Phe Arg Gln Lys Val

195 200 205

Val Glu Gly Ser Leu Thr His Pro Phe Ala Leu Thr Leu Ser Gly Asp

210 215 220

Thr Leu Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp Gln Thr Arg Ser Ile His Ala Cys Asn

225 230 235 240

Lys Arg Thr Gly Gly Lys Arg Lys Glu Ile Leu Ser Ala Leu Tyr Ser

245 250 255

Pro Met Asp Ile Gln Val Leu Ser Gln Glu Arg Gln Pro Phe Phe His

260 265 270

Thr Arg Cys Glu Glu Asp Asn Gly Gly Cys Ser His Leu Cys Leu Leu

275 280 285

Ser Pro Ser Glu Pro Phe Tyr Thr Cys Ala Cys Pro Thr Gly Val Gln

290 295 300

Leu Gln Asp Asn Gly Arg Thr Cys Lys Ala Gly Ala Glu Glu Val Leu

305 310 315 320

Leu Leu Ala Arg Arg Thr Asp Leu Arg Arg Ile Ser Leu Asp Thr Pro

325 330 335

Asp Phe Thr Asp Ile Val Leu Gln Val Asp Asp Ile Arg His Ala Ile

340 345 350

Ala Ile Asp Tyr Asp Pro Leu Glu Gly Tyr Val Tyr Trp Thr Asp Asp

355 360 365

Glu Val Arg Ala Ile Arg Arg Ala Tyr Leu Asp Gly Ser Gly Ala Gln

370 375 380

Thr Leu Val Asn Thr Glu Ile Asn Asp Pro Asp Gly Ile Ala Val Asp

385 390 395 400

Trp Val Ala Arg Asn Leu Tyr Trp Thr Asp Thr Gly Thr Asp Arg Ile

405 410 415

Glu Val Thr Arg Leu Asn Gly Thr Ser Arg Lys Ile Leu Val Ser Glu

›REFERENCES · 23 of 30

420 425 430

Asp Leu Asp Glu Pro Arg Ala Ile Ala Leu His Pro Val Met Gly Leu

435 440 445

Met Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp Gly Glu Asn Pro Lys Ile Glu Cys Ala Asn

450 455 460

Leu Asp Gly Gln Glu Arg Arg Val Leu Val Asn Ala Ser Leu Gly Trp

465 470 475 480

Pro Asn Gly Leu Ala Leu Asp Leu Gln Glu Gly Lys Leu Tyr Trp Gly

485 490 495

Asp Ala Lys Thr Asp Lys Ile Glu Val Ile Asn Val Asp Gly Thr Lys

500 505 510

Arg Arg Thr Leu Leu Glu Asp Lys Leu Pro His Ile Phe Gly Phe Thr

515 520 525

Leu Leu Gly Asp Phe Ile Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp Gln Arg Arg Ser Ile

530 535 540

Glu Arg Val His Lys Val Lys Ala Ser Arg Asp Val Ile Ile Asp Gln

545 550 555 560

Leu Pro Asp Leu Met Gly Leu Lys Ala Val Asn Val Ala Lys Val Val

565 570 575

Gly Thr Asn Pro Cys Ala Asp Arg Asn Gly Gly Cys Ser His Leu Cys

580 585 590

Phe Phe Thr Pro His Ala Thr Arg Cys Gly Cys Pro Ile Gly Leu Glu

595 600 605

Leu Leu Ser Asp Met Lys Thr Cys Ile Val Pro Glu Ala Phe Leu Val

610 615 620

Phe Thr Ser Arg Ala Ala Ile His Arg Ile Ser Leu Glu Thr Asn Asn

625 630 635 640

Asn Asp Val Ala Ile Pro Leu Thr Gly Val Lys Glu Ala Ser Ala Leu

645 650 655

Asp Phe Asp Val Ser Asn Asn His Ile Tyr Trp Thr Asp Val Ser Leu

660 665 670

Lys Thr Ile Ser Arg Ala Phe Met Asn Gly Ser Ser Val Glu His Val

675 680 685

Val Glu Phe Gly Leu Asp Tyr Pro Glu Gly Met Ala Val Asp Trp Met

690 695 700

Gly Lys Asn Leu Tyr Trp Ala Asp Thr Gly Thr Asn Arg Ile Glu Val

705 710 715 720

Ala Arg Leu Asp Gly Gln Phe Arg Gln Val Leu Val Trp Arg Asp Leu

725 730 735

Asp Asn Pro Arg Ser Leu Ala Leu Asp Pro Thr Lys Gly Tyr Ile Tyr

740 745 750

Trp Thr Glu Trp Gly Gly Lys Pro Arg Ile Val Arg Ala Phe Met Asp

755 760 765

Gly Thr Asn Cys Met Thr Leu Val Asp Lys Val Gly Arg Ala Asn Asp

770 775 780

Leu Thr Ile Asp Tyr Ala Asp Gln Arg Leu Tyr Trp Thr Asp Leu Asp

785 790 795 800

Thr Asn Met Ile Glu Ser Ser Asn Met Leu Gly Gln Glu Arg Val Val

805 810 815

Ile Ala Asp Asp Leu Pro His Pro Phe Gly Leu Thr Gln Tyr Ser Asp

820 825 830

Tyr Ile Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp Asn Leu His Ser Ile Glu Arg Ala Asp

835 840 845

Lys Thr Ser Gly Arg Asn Arg Thr Leu Ile Gln Gly His Leu Asp Phe

850 855 860

Val Met Asp Ile Leu Val Phe His Ser Ser Arg Gln Asp Gly Leu Asn

865 870 875 880

Asp Cys Met His Asn Asn Gly Gln Cys Gly Gln Leu Cys Leu Ala Ile

885 890 895

Pro Gly Gly His Arg Cys Gly Cys Ala Ser His Tyr Thr Leu Asp Pro

900 905 910

Ser Ser Arg Asn Cys Ser Pro Pro Thr Thr Phe Leu Leu Phe Ser Gln

915 920 925

Lys Ser Ala Ile Ser Arg Met Ile Pro Asp Asp Gln His Ser Pro Asp

930 935 940

Leu Ile Leu Pro Leu His Gly Leu Arg Asn Val Lys Ala Ile Asp Tyr

945 950 955 960

Asp Pro Leu Asp Lys Phe Ile Tyr Trp Val Asp Gly Arg Gln Asn Ile

965 970 975

Lys Arg Ala Lys Asp Asp Gly Thr Gln Pro Phe Val Leu Thr Ser Leu

980 985 990

Ser Gln Gly Gln Asn Pro Asp Arg Gln Pro His Asp Leu Ser Ile Asp

995 1000 1005

Ile Tyr Ser Arg Thr Leu Phe Trp Thr Cys Glu Ala Thr Asn Thr Ile

1010 1015 1020

Asn Val His Arg Leu Ser Gly Glu Ala Met Gly Val Val Leu Arg Gly

1025 1030 1035 1040

Asp Arg Asp Lys Pro Arg Ala Ile Val Val Asn Ala Glu Arg Gly Tyr

1045 1050 1055

Leu Tyr Phe Thr Asn Met Gln Asp Arg Ala Ala Lys Ile Glu Arg Ala

1060 1065 1070

Ala Leu Asp Gly Thr Glu Arg Glu Val Leu Phe Thr Thr Gly Leu Ile

1075 1080 1085

Arg Pro Val Ala Leu Val Val Asp Asn Thr Leu Gly Lys Leu Phe Trp

1090 1095 1100

Val Asp Ala Asp Leu Lys Arg Ile Glu Ser Cys Asp Leu Ser Gly Ala

1105 1110 1115 1120

Asn Arg Leu Thr Leu Glu Asp Ala Asn Ile Val Gln Pro Leu Gly Leu

1125 1130 1135

Thr Ile Leu Gly Lys His Leu Tyr Trp Ile Asp Arg Gln Gln Gln Met

1140 1145 1150

Ile Glu Arg Val Glu Lys Thr Thr Gly Asp Lys Arg Thr Arg Ile Gln

1155 1160 1165

Gly Arg Val Ala His Leu Thr Gly Ile His Ala Val Glu Glu Val Ser

1170 1175 1180

Leu Glu Glu Phe Ser Ala His Pro Cys Ala Arg Asp Asn Gly Gly Cys

1185 1190 1195 1200

Ser His Ile Cys Ile Ala Lys Gly Asp Gly Thr Pro Arg Cys Ser Cys

1205 1210 1215

Pro Val His Leu Val Leu Leu Gln Asn Leu Leu Thr Cys Gly Glu Pro

1220 1225 1230

Pro Thr Cys Ser Pro Asp Gln Phe Ala Cys Ala Thr Gly Glu Ile Asp

1235 1240 1245

Cys Ile Pro Gly Ala Trp Arg Cys Asp Gly Phe Pro Glu Cys Asp Asp

1250 1255 1260

Gln Ser Asp Glu Glu Gly Cys Pro Val Cys Ser Ala Ala Gln Phe Pro

1265 1270 1275 1280

Cys Ala Arg Gly Gln Cys Val Asp Leu Arg Leu Arg Cys Asp Gly Glu

1285 1290 1295

Ala Asp Cys Gln Asp Arg Ser Asp Glu Ala Asp Cys Asp Ala Ile Cys

1300 1305 1310

Leu Pro Asn Gln Phe Arg Cys Ala Ser Gly Gln Cys Val Leu Ile Lys

1315 1320 1325

Gln Gln Cys Asp Ser Phe Pro Asp Cys Ile Asp Gly Ser Asp Glu Leu

1330 1335 1340

Met Cys Glu Ile Thr Lys Pro Pro Ser Asp Asp Ser Pro Ala His Ser

1345 1350 1355 1360

Ser Ala Ile Gly Pro Val Ile Gly Ile Ile Leu Ser Leu Phe Val Met

1365 1370 1375

Gly Gly Val Tyr Phe Val Cys Gln Arg Val Val Cys Gln Arg Tyr Ala

1380 1385 1390

Gly Ala Asn Gly Pro Phe Pro His Glu Tyr Val Ser Gly Thr Pro His

1395 1400 1405

Val Pro Leu Asn Phe Ile Ala Pro Gly Gly Ser Gln His Gly Pro Phe

1410 1415 1420

Thr Gly Ile Ala Cys Gly Lys Ser Met Met Ser Ser Val Ser Leu Met

1425 1430 1435 1440

Gly Gly Arg Gly Gly Val Pro Leu Tyr Asp Arg Asn His Val Thr Gly

1445 1450 1455

Ala Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Ser Thr Lys Ala Thr Leu Tyr Pro Pro

1460 1465 1470

Ile Leu Asn Pro Pro Pro Ser Pro Ala Thr Asp Pro Ser Leu Tyr Asn

1475 1480 1485

Met Asp Met Phe Tyr Ser Ser Asn Ile Pro Ala Thr Val Arg Pro Tyr

1490 1495 1500

Arg Pro Tyr Ile Ile Arg Gly Met Ala Pro Pro Thr Thr Pro Cys Ser

1505 1510 1515 1520

Thr Asp Val Cys Asp Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ala Ser Arg Trp Lys Ala Ser

1525 1530 1535

Lys Tyr Tyr Leu Asp Leu Asn Ser Asp Ser Asp Pro Tyr Pro Pro Pro

1540 1545 1550

Pro Thr Pro His Ser Gln Tyr Leu Ser Ala Glu Asp Ser Cys Pro Pro

1555 1560 1565

Ser Pro Ala Thr Glu Arg Ser Tyr Phe His Leu Phe Pro Pro Pro Pro

1570 1575 1580

Ser Pro Cys Thr Asp Ser Ser

1585 1590

1586 amino acids

amino acid

linear

44

Ala Ala Ser Pro Leu Leu Leu Phe Ala Asn Arg Arg Asp Val Arg Leu

1 5 10 15

Val Asp Ala Gly Gly Val Lys Leu Glu Ser Thr Ile Val Ala Ser Gly

20 25 30

Leu Glu Asp Ala Ala Ala Val Asp Phe Gln Phe Ser Lys Gly Ala Val

35 40 45

Tyr Trp Thr Asp Val Ser Glu Glu Ala Ile Lys Gln Thr Tyr Leu Asn

50 55 60

Gln Thr Gly Ala Ala Ala Gln Asn Ile Val Ile Ser Gly Leu Val Ser

65 70 75 80

Pro Asp Gly Leu Ala Cys Asp Trp Val Gly Lys Lys Leu Tyr Trp Thr

›REFERENCES · 24 of 30

85 90 95

Asp Ser Glu Thr Asn Arg Ile Glu Val Ala Asn Leu Asn Gly Thr Ser

100 105 110

Arg Lys Val Leu Phe Trp Gln Asp Leu Asp Gln Pro Arg Ala Ile Ala

115 120 125

Leu Asp Pro Ala His Gly Tyr Met Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp Gly Glu Ala

130 135 140

Pro Arg Ile Glu Arg Ala Gly Met Asp Gly Ser Thr Arg Lys Ile Ile

145 150 155 160

Val Asp Ser Asp Ile Tyr Trp Pro Asn Gly Leu Thr Ile Asp Leu Glu

165 170 175

Glu Gln Lys Leu Tyr Trp Ala Asp Ala Lys Leu Ser Phe Ile His Arg

180 185 190

Ala Asn Leu Asp Gly Ser Phe Arg Gln Lys Val Val Glu Gly Ser Leu

195 200 205

Thr His Pro Phe Ala Leu Thr Leu Ser Gly Asp Thr Leu Tyr Trp Thr

210 215 220

Asp Trp Gln Thr Arg Ser Ile His Ala Cys Asn Lys Trp Thr Gly Glu

225 230 235 240

Gln Arg Lys Glu Ile Leu Ser Ala Leu Tyr Ser Pro Met Asp Ile Gln

245 250 255

Val Leu Ser Gln Glu Arg Gln Pro Pro Phe His Thr Pro Cys Glu Glu

260 265 270

Asp Asn Gly Gly Cys Ser His Leu Cys Leu Leu Ser Pro Arg Glu Pro

275 280 285

Phe Tyr Ser Cys Ala Cys Pro Thr Gly Val Gln Leu Gln Asp Asn Gly

290 295 300

Lys Thr Cys Lys Thr Gly Ala Glu Glu Val Leu Leu Leu Ala Arg Arg

305 310 315 320

Thr Asp Leu Arg Arg Ile Ser Leu Asp Thr Pro Asp Phe Thr Asp Ile

325 330 335

Val Leu Gln Val Gly Asp Ile Arg His Ala Ile Ala Ile Asp Tyr Asp

340 345 350

Pro Leu Glu Gly Tyr Val Tyr Trp Thr Asp Asp Glu Val Arg Ala Ile

355 360 365

Arg Arg Ala Tyr Leu Asp Gly Ser Gly Ala Gln Thr Leu Val Asn Thr

370 375 380

Glu Ile Asn Asp Pro Asp Gly Ile Ala Val Asp Trp Val Ala Arg Asn

385 390 395 400

Leu Tyr Trp Thr Asp Thr Gly Thr Asp Arg Ile Glu Val Thr Arg Leu

405 410 415

Asn Gly Thr Ser Arg Lys Ile Leu Val Ser Glu Asp Leu Asp Glu Pro

420 425 430

Arg Ala Ile Val Leu His Pro Val Met Gly Leu Met Tyr Trp Thr Asp

435 440 445

Trp Gly Glu Asn Pro Lys Ile Glu Cys Ala Asn Leu Asp Gly Arg Asp

450 455 460

Arg His Val Leu Val Asn Thr Ser Leu Gly Trp Pro Asn Gly Leu Ala

465 470 475 480

Leu Asp Leu Gln Glu Gly Lys Leu Tyr Trp Gly Asp Ala Lys Thr Asp

485 490 495

Lys Ile Glu Val Ile Asn Ile Asp Gly Thr Lys Arg Lys Thr Leu Leu

500 505 510

Glu Asp Lys Leu Pro His Ile Phe Gly Phe Thr Leu Leu Gly Asp Phe

515 520 525

Ile Tyr Trp Thr Asp Trp Gln Arg Arg Ser Ile Glu Arg Val His Lys

530 535 540

Val Lys Ala Ser Arg Asp Val Ile Ile Asp Gln Leu Pro Asp Leu Met

545 550 555 560

Gly Leu Lys Ala Val Asn Val Ala Lys Val Val Gly Thr Asn Pro Cys

565 570 575

Ala Asp Gly Asn Gly Gly Cys Ser His Leu Cys Phe Phe Thr Pro Arg

580 585 590

Ala Thr Lys Cys Gly Cys Pro Ile Gly Leu Glu Leu Leu Ser Asp Met

595 600 605

Lys Thr Cys Ile Ile Pro Glu Ala Phe Leu Val Phe Thr Ser Arg Ala

610 615 620

Thr Ile His Arg Ile Ser Leu Glu Thr Asn Asn Asn Asp Val Ala Ile

625 630 635 640

Pro Leu Thr Gly Val Lys Glu Ala Ser Ala Leu Asp Phe Asp Val Ser

645 650 655

Asn Asn His Ile Tyr Trp Thr Asp Val Ser Leu Lys Thr Ile Ser Arg

660 665 670

Ala Phe Met Asn Gly Ser Ser Val Glu His Val Ile Glu Phe Gly Leu

675 680 685

Asp Tyr Pro Glu Gly Met Ala Val Asp Trp Met Gly Lys Asn Leu Tyr

690 695 700

Trp Ala Asp Thr Gly Thr Asn Arg Ile Glu Val Ala Arg Leu Asp Gly

705 710 715 720

Gln Phe Arg Gln Val Leu Val Trp Arg Asp Leu Asp Asn Pro Arg Ser

725 730 735

Leu Ala Leu Asp Pro Thr Lys Gly Tyr Ile Tyr Trp Thr Glu Trp Gly

740 745 750

Gly Lys Pro Arg Ile Val Arg Ala Phe Met Asp Gly Thr Asn Cys Met

755 760 765

Thr Leu Val Asp Lys Val Gly Arg Ala Asn Asp Leu Thr Ile Asp Tyr

770 775 780

Ala Asp Gln Arg Leu Tyr Trp Thr Asp Leu Asp Thr Asn Met Ile Glu

785 790 795 800

Ser Ser Asn Met Leu Gly Gln Glu Arg Met Val Ile Ala Asp Asp Leu

805 810 815

Pro Tyr Pro Phe Gly Leu Thr Gln Tyr Ser Asp Tyr Ile Tyr Trp Thr

820 825 830

Asp Trp Asn Leu His Ser Ile Glu Arg Ala Asp Lys Thr Ser Gly Arg

835 840 845

Asn Arg Thr Leu Ile Gln Gly His Leu Asp Phe Val Met Asp Ile Leu

850 855 860

Val Phe His Ser Ser Arg Gln Asp Gly Leu Asn Asp Cys Val His Ser

865 870 875 880

Asn Gly Gln Cys Gly Gln Leu Cys Leu Ala Ile Pro Gly Gly His Arg

885 890 895

Cys Gly Cys Ala Ser His Tyr Thr Leu Asp Pro Ser Ser Arg Asn Cys

900 905 910

Ser Pro Pro Ser Thr Phe Leu Leu Phe Ser Gln Lys Phe Ala Ile Ser

915 920 925

Arg Met Ile Pro Asp Asp Gln Leu Ser Pro Asp Leu Val Leu Pro Leu

930 935 940

His Gly Leu Arg Asn Val Lys Ala Ile Asn Tyr Asp Pro Leu Asp Lys

945 950 955 960

Phe Ile Tyr Trp Val Asp Gly Arg Gln Asn Ile Lys Arg Ala Lys Asp

965 970 975

Asp Gly Thr Gln Pro Ser Met Leu Thr Ser Pro Ser Gln Ser Leu Ser

980 985 990

Pro Asp Arg Gln Pro His Asp Leu Ser Ile Asp Ile Tyr Ser Arg Thr

995 1000 1005

Leu Phe Trp Thr Cys Glu Ala Thr Asn Thr Ile Asn Val His Arg Leu

1010 1015 1020

Asp Gly Asp Ala Met Gly Val Val Leu Arg Gly Asp Arg Asp Lys Pro

1025 1030 1035 1040

Arg Ala Ile Ala Val Asn Ala Glu Arg Gly Tyr Met Tyr Phe Thr Asn

1045 1050 1055

Met Gln Asp His Ala Ala Lys Ile Glu Arg Ala Ser Leu Asp Gly Thr

1060 1065 1070

Glu Arg Glu Val Leu Phe Thr Thr Gly Leu Ile Arg Pro Val Ala Leu

1075 1080 1085

Val Val Asp Asn Ala Leu Gly Lys Leu Phe Trp Val Asp Ala Asp Leu

1090 1095 1100

Lys Arg Ile Glu Ser Cys Asp Leu Ser Gly Ala Asn Arg Leu Thr Leu

1105 1110 1115 1120

Glu Asp Ala Asn Ile Val Gln Pro Val Gly Leu Thr Val Leu Gly Arg

1125 1130 1135

His Leu Tyr Trp Ile Asp Arg Gln Gln Gln Met Ile Glu Arg Val Glu

1140 1145 1150

Lys Thr Thr Gly Asp Lys Arg Thr Arg Val Gln Gly Arg Val Thr His

1155 1160 1165

Leu Thr Gly Ile His Ala Val Glu Glu Val Ser Leu Glu Glu Phe Ser

1170 1175 1180

Ala His Pro Cys Ala Arg Asp Asn Gly Gly Cys Ser His Ile Cys Ile

1185 1190 1195 1200

Ala Lys Gly Asp Gly Thr Pro Arg Cys Ser Cys Pro Val His Leu Val

1205 1210 1215

Leu Leu Gln Asn Leu Leu Thr Cys Gly Glu Pro Pro Thr Cys Ser Pro

1220 1225 1230

Asp Gln Phe Ala Cys Thr Thr Gly Glu Ile Asp Cys Ile Pro Gly Ala

1235 1240 1245

Trp Arg Cys Asp Gly Phe Pro Glu Cys Ala Asp Gln Ser Asp Glu Glu

1250 1255 1260

Gly Cys Pro Val Cys Ser Ala Ser Gln Phe Pro Cys Ala Arg Gly Gln

1265 1270 1275 1280

Cys Val Asp Leu Arg Leu Arg Cys Asp Gly Glu Ala Asp Cys Gln Asp

1285 1290 1295

Arg Ser Asp Glu Ala Asn Cys Asp Ala Val Cys Leu Pro Asn Gln Phe

1300 1305 1310

Arg Cys Thr Ser Gly Gln Cys Val Leu Ile Lys Gln Gln Cys Asp Ser

1315 1320 1325

Phe Pro Asp Cys Ala Asp Gly Ser Asp Glu Leu Met Cys Glu Ile Asn

1330 1335 1340

Lys Pro Pro Ser Asp Asp Ile Pro Ala His Ser Ser Ala Ile Gly Pro

1345 1350 1355 1360

Val Ile Gly Ile Ile Leu Ser Leu Phe Val Met Gly Gly Val Tyr Phe

›REFERENCES · 25 of 30

1365 1370 1375

Val Cys Gln Arg Val Met Cys Gln Arg Tyr Thr Gly Ala Ser Gly Pro

1380 1385 1390

Phe Pro His Glu Tyr Val Gly Gly Ala Pro His Val Pro Leu Asn Phe

1395 1400 1405

Ile Ala Pro Gly Gly Ser Gln His Gly Pro Phe Pro Gly Ile Pro Cys

1410 1415 1420

Ser Lys Ser Val Met Ser Ser Met Ser Leu Val Gly Gly Arg Gly Ser

1425 1430 1435 1440

Val Pro Leu Tyr Asp Arg Asn His Val Thr Gly Ala Ser Ser Ser Ser

1445 1450 1455

Ser Ser Ser Thr Lys Ala Thr Leu Tyr Pro Pro Ile Leu Asn Pro Pro

1460 1465 1470

Pro Ser Pro Ala Thr Asp Pro Ser Leu Tyr Asn Val Asp Val Phe Tyr

1475 1480 1485

Ser Ser Gly Ile Pro Ala Thr Ala Arg Pro Tyr Arg Pro Tyr Val Ile

1490 1495 1500

Arg Gly Met Ala Pro Pro Thr Thr Pro Cys Ser Thr Asp Val Cys Asp

1505 1510 1515 1520

Ser Asp Tyr Ser Ile Ser Arg Trp Lys Ser Ser Lys Tyr Tyr Leu Asp

1525 1530 1535

Leu Asn Ser Asp Ser Asp Pro Tyr Pro Pro Pro Pro Thr Pro His Ser

1540 1545 1550

Gln Tyr Leu Ser Ala Glu Asp Ser Cys Pro Pro Ser Pro Gly Thr Glu

1555 1560 1565

Arg Ser Tyr Cys His Leu Phe Pro Pro Pro Pro Ser Pro Cys Thr Asp

1570 1575 1580

Ser Ser

1585

4 amino acids

amino acid

linear

45

Asn Pro Xaa Tyr

1

4 amino acids

amino acid

linear

46

Tyr Trp Thr Asp

1

4 amino acids

amino acid

linear

47

Asn Gly Gly Cys

1

4 amino acids

amino acid

linear

48

Val Pro Leu Tyr

1

17 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

49

ATGGAGCCCG AGTGAGC 17

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

50

ATGGTGGACT CCAGCTTGAC 20

19 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

51

TTCCAGTTTT CCAAGGGAG 19

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

52

AAAACTGGAA GTCCACTGCG 20

18 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

53

GGTCTGCTTG ATGGCCTC 18

19 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

54

GTGCAGAACG TGGTCATCT 19

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

55

AGTCCACAAT GATCTTCCGG 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

56

CCAATGGACT GACCATCGAC 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

57

GTCGATGGTC AGTCCATTGG 20

19 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

58

TTGTCCTCCT CACAGCGAG 19

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

59

GGACTTCATC TACTGGACTG 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

60

CAGTCTGTCC AGTACATGAG 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

61

GCCTTCTTGG TCTTCACCAG 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

62

GGACCAACAG AATCGAAGTG 20

17 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

63

GTCAATGGTG AGGTCGT 17

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

64

ACACCAACAT GATCGAGTCG 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

65

ACAAGTTCAT CTACTGGGTG 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

66

CGGACACTGT TCTGGACGTG 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

67

CACGTCCAGA ACAGTGTCCG 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

68

TCCAGTAGAG ATGCTTGCCA 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

69

ATCGAGCGTG TGGAGAAGAC 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

70

TCCTCATCAA ACAGCAGTGC 20

19 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

71

CGGCTTGGTG ATTTCACAC 19

21 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

72

GTGTGTGACA GCGACTACAG C 21

21 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

73

GCTGTAGTCG CTGTCACACA C 21

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

74

GTACAAAGTT CTCCCAGCCC 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

75

TCTTCTCCAG AGGATGCAGC 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

76

TTCGTCTTGA ACTTCCCAGC 20

21 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

77

TCTTCTTCTC CAGAGGATGC A 21

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

78

AGGCTGGTCT CAAACTCCTG 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

79

GGGGATGTGC TGCAAGGCGA 20

22 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

80

CCAGGGTTTT CCCAGTCACG AC 22

25 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

81

TTGTGTGGAA TTGTGAGCGG ATAAC 25

25 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

82

CCCAGGCTTT ACACTTTATG CTTCC 25

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

83

CAGGGTTTCA TCCTTTGTGG 20

38 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

84

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTCA GGGTTTCATC CTTTGTGG 38

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

85

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC CAGGGTTTCA TCCTTTGTGG 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

86

TGACGGGAAG AGTTCCTCAG 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

87

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC TGACGGGAAG AGTTCCTCAG 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

88

TCTGCTCTTC CTGAACTGCC 20

38 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

89

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTTC TGCTCTTCCT GAACTGCC 38

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

90

TTGAGTCCTT CAACAAGCCC 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

91

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC TTGAGTCCTT CAACAAGCCC 40

38 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

92

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTTT CCCCACTCAT AGAGGCTC 38

38 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

93

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC GCTCCCAACT CGCCAAGT 38

36 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

94

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTGG TCAACATGGA GGCAGC 36

38 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

95

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC CAGGTGTCAG TCCGCTTG 38

35 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

96

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTGC AGAGAAGTTC TGAGC 35

39 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

97

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC CACTTGGCCA GCCATACTC 39

38 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

98

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTCA AGCAAGCCTC TTGCTACC 38

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

99

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC ACTGCAATGA GGTGAAAGGC 40

38 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

100

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTCA GGTGAGAACA AGTGTCCG 38

38 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

101

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC GCTGCCTCCA TGTTGACC 38

37 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

102

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTTG TGCCTGGGTG AGATTCT 37

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

103

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC TGTGGAGCCT CTATGAGTGG 40

37 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

104

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTGG GTGACAGGTG GCAGTAG 37

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

105

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC GGAAGGAAGG ACACTTGAGC 40

38 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

106

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTCC TGGTGTGTTT GAGAACCC 38

39 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

107

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC CAATGGGAAG CCAGGCTAG 39

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

108

ATCTTGCTGG CTTAGCCAGT 20

38 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

109

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTAT CTTGCTGGCT TAGCCAGT 38

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

110

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC ATCTTGCTGG CTTAGCCAGT 40

21 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

111

GCTCATGCAA ATTCGAGAGA G 21

41 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

112

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC GCTCATGCAA ATTCGAGAGA G 41

21 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

113

CCTGTTGGTT ATTTCCGATG G 21

39 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

114

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTCC TGTTGGTTAT TTCCGATGG 39

41 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

115

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC CCTGTTGGTT ATTTCCGATG G 41

›REFERENCES · 26 of 30

21 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

116

CCTGAGTTAA GAAGGAACGC C 21

41 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

117

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC CCTGAGTTAA GAAGGAACGC C 41

19 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

118

AATTGGGTCA GCAGCAATG 19

39 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

119

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC AATTGGGTCA GCAGCAATG 39

19 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

120

AATTGGGTCA GCAGCAATG 19

37 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

121

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTAA TTGGGTCAGC AGCAATG 37

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

122

TTGGATCGCT AGAGATTGGG 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

123

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC TTGGATCGCT AGAGATTGGG 40

19 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

124

GCACCCTAAT TGGCACTCA 19

39 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

125

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC GCACCCTAAT TGGCACTCA 39

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

126

TGACGGTCCT CTTCTGGAAC 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

127

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC TGACGGTCCT CTTCTGGAAC 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

128

CGAGGCAGGA TGTGACTCAT 20

38 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

129

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTCG AGGCAGGATG TGACTCAT 38

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

130

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC CGAGGCAGGA TGTGACTCAT 40

19 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

131

AGTGGATCAT TTCGAACGG 19

39 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

132

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC AGTGGATCAT TTCGAACGG 39

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

133

CCAACTCAGC TTCCCGAGTA 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

134

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC CCAACTCAGC TTCCCGAGTA 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

135

TGGCTGAGTA TTTCCCTTGC 20

38 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

136

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTTG GCTGAGTATT TCCCTTGC 38

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

137

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC TGGCTGAGTA TTTCCCTTGC 40

19 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

138

TTTAACAAGC CCTCCTCCG 19

39 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

139

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC TTTAACAAGC CCTCCTCCG 39

19 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

140

CAACGCCAGC ATCTACTGA 19

37 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

141

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTCA ACGCCAGCAT CTACTGA 37

39 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

142

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC CAACGCCAGC ATCTACTGA 39

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

143

CAAATAGCAG AGCACAGGCA 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

144

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC CAAATAGCAG AGCACAGGCA 40

19 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

145

TGAAGTTGCT GCTCTTGGG 19

37 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

146

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTTG AAGTTGCTGC TCTTGGG 37

39 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

147

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC TGAAGTTGCT GCTCTTGGG 39

21 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

148

CACTTCCTCC TCATGCAAGT C 21

41 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

149

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC CACTTCCTCC TCATGCAAGT C 41

21 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

150

AGACTGGAGC CTCTGTGTTC G 21

39 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

151

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTAG ACTGGAGCCT CTGTGTTCG 39

41 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

152

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC AGACTGGAGC CTCTGTGTTC G 41

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

153

TGTGTGTCTA CCGGACTTGC 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

154

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC TGTGTGTCTA CCGGACTTGC 40

21 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

155

GAACAGAGGC AAGGTTTTCC C 21

41 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

156

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC GAACAGAGGC AAGGTTTTCC C 41

19 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

157

AGAATCGCTT GAACCCAGG 19

39 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

158

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC AGAATCGCTT GAACCCAGG 39

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

159

GCTGGTTCCT AAAATGTGGC 20

38 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

160

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTGC TGGTTCCTAA AATGTGGC 38

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

161

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC GCTGGTTCCT AAAATGTGGC 40

22 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

162

CATACGAGGT GAACACAAGG AC 22

42 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

163

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC CATACGAGGT GAACACAAGG AC 42

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

164

TGAAGAGGTG GGGACAGTTG 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

165

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC TGAAGAGGTG GGGACAGTTG 40

21 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

166

CTTGTGCCTT CCAGCTACAT C 21

39 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

167

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTCT TGTGCCTTCC AGCTACATC 39

41 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

168

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC CTTGTGCCTT CCAGCTACAT C 41

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

169

AGTCCTGGCA CAGGGATTAG 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

170

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC AGTCCTGGCA CAGGGATTAG 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

171

ATAACTGCAG CAAAGGCACC 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

172

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC ATAACTGCAG CAAAGGCACC 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

173

GCTTCAGTGG ATCTTGCTGG 20

38 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

174

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTGC TTCAGTGGAT CTTGCTGG 38

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

175

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC GCTTCAGTGG ATCTTGCTGG 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

176

TGTGCAGTGC ACAACCTACC 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

177

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC TGTGCAGTGC ACAACCTACC 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

178

GTTGTCGAGT GGCGTGCTAT 20

38 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

179

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTGT TGTCGAGTGG CGTGCTAT 38

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

180

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC GTTGTCGAGT GGCGTGCTAT 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

181

AAAAGTCCTG TGGGGTCTGA 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

182

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC AAAAGTCCTG TGGGGTCTGA 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

183

AGAAGTGTGG CCTCTGCTGT 20

38 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

184

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTAG AAGTGTGGCC TCTGCTGT 38

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

185

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC AGAAGTGTGG CCTCTGCTGT 40

21 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

186

GTGAAAGAGC CTGTGTTTGC T 21

41 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

187

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC GTGAAAGAGC CTGTGTTTGC T 41

21 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

188

AGACCCTGCT TCCAAATAAG C 21

39 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

189

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTAG ACCCTGCTTC CAAATAAGC 39

41 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

190

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC AGACCCTGCT TCCAAATAAG C 41

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

191

ACTCATTTTC TGCCTCTGCC 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

192

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC ACTCATTTTC TGCCTCTGCC 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

193

TGGCAGTCCT GTCAACCTCT 20

38 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

194

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTTG GCAGTCCTGT CAACCTCT 38

›REFERENCES · 27 of 30

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

195

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC TGGCAGTCCT GTCAACCTCT 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

196

CACACAGGAT CTTGCACTGG 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

197

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC CACACAGGAT CTTGCACTGG 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

198

AGGGCCAGTT CTCATGAGTT 20

38 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

199

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTAG GGCCAGTTCT CATGAGTT 38

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

200

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC AGGGCCAGTT CTCATGAGTT 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

201

GGGCAAAGGA AGACACAATC 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

202

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC GGGCAAAGGA AGACACAATC 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

203

CAACTTCTGC TTTGAAGCCC 20

38 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

204

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTCA ACTTCTGCTT TGAAGCCC 38

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

205

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC CAACTTCTGC TTTGAAGCCC 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

206

GACAGACTTG GCAATCTCCC 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

207

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC GACAGACTTG GCAATCTCCC 40

21 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

208

TCTGCTCTCT GTTTGGAGTC C 21

39 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

209

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTTC TGCTCTCTGT TTGGAGTCC 39

41 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

210

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC TCTGCTCTCT GTTTGGAGTC C 41

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

211

CCCTAAACTC CACGTTCCTG 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

212

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC CCCTAAACTC CACGTTCCTG 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

213

GGGTTAATGT TGGCCACATC 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

214

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC GGGTTAATGT TGGCCACATC 40

19 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

215

TTGGCAGGGA TGTGTTGAG 19

37 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

216

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTTT GGCAGGGATG TGTTGAG 37

39 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

217

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC TTGGCAGGGA TGTGTTGAG 39

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

218

GTCTGCCACA TGTGCAAGAG 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

219

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC GTCTGCCACA TGTGCAAGAG 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

220

TGGTCTGAGT CTCGTGGGTA 20

38 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

221

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTTG GTCTGAGTCT CGTGGGTA 38

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

222

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC TGGTCTGAGT CTCGTGGGTA 40

21 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

223

GAGGTGGATT TGGGTGAGAT T 21

41 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

224

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC GAGGTGGATT TGGGTGAGAT T 41

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

225

AGCCCTCTCT GCAAGGAAAG 20

38 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

226

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTAG CCCTCTCTGC AAGGAAAG 38

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

227

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC AGCCCTCTCT GCAAGGAAAG 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

228

CAGAACGTGG AGTTCTGCTG 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

229

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC CAGAACGTGG AGTTCTGCTG 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

230

TACCGAATCC CACTCCTCTG 20

38 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

231

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTTA CCGAATCCCA CTCCTCTG 38

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

232

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC TACCGAATCC CACTCCTCTG 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

233

CATGGTAGAG GTGGGACCAT 20

38 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

234

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTCA TGGTAGAGGT GGGACCAT 38

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

235

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC CATGGTAGAG GTGGGACCAT 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

236

GATATCCACC TCTGCCCAAG 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

237

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC GATATCCACC TCTGCCCAAG 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

238

TTACAGGGGC ACAGAGAAGC 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

239

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC TTACAGGGGC ACAGAGAAGC 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

240

GCAACAGAGC AAGACCCTGT 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

241

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC GCAACAGAGC AAGACCCTGT 40

19 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

242

AAATTAGCCA GGCATGGTG 19

39 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

243

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC AAATTAGCCA GGCATGGTG 39

38 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

244

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTGC AACAGAGCAA GACCCTGT 38

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

245

CCTGCAGAAG GAAACCTGAC 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

246

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC CCTGCAGAAG GAAACCTGAC 40

19 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

247

CTGCATCTTT GCCACCATG 19

39 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

248

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC CTGCATCTTT GCCACCATG 39

38 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

249

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTCC TGCAGAAGGA AACCTGAC 38

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

250

TTCCCAGGAG GCAAGTTATG 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

251

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC TTCCCAGGAG GCAAGTTATG 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

252

TGGGCTTAGG TGATCCTCAC 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

253

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC TGGGCTTAGG TGATCCTCAC 40

38 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

254

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTTT CCCAGGAGGC AAGTTATG 38

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

255

ACCAAGCCCA ACTAATCAGC 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

256

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC ACCAAGCCCA ACTAATCAGC 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

257

ATGCCTGTAA TCCCAGCACT 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

258

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC ATGCCTGTAA TCCCAGCACT 40

38 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

259

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGTAC CAAGCCCAAC TAATCAGC 38

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

260

ACTGCAAGCC CTCTCTGAAC 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

261

CGAAGACTGC GAAACAGACA 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

262

CTAGTGCCGT GCAGAATGAG 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

263

GGCCACTGCA ATGAGATACA 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

264

GAGAAACAGT TCCAGGGTGG 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

265

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC GAGAAACAGT TCCAGGGTGG 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

266

AAACTGAGGC TGGGAGAGGT 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

267

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC AAACTGAGGC TGGGAGAGGT 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

268

TGTTCTTCCT CACAGGGAGG 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

269

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC TGTTCTTCCT CACAGGGAGG 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

270

TCCCCAAATC TGTCCAGTTC 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

271

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC TCCCCAAATC TGTCCAGTTC 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

272

CATACCTGGA GGGATGCTTG 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

273

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC CATACCTGGA GGGATGCTTG 40

›REFERENCES · 28 of 30

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

274

TAGGTTGCTG TGTGGCTTCA 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

275

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC TAGGTTGCTG TGTGGCTTCA 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

276

CTTCTGACAA AGCAGAGGCC 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

277

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC CTTCTGACAA AGCAGAGGCC 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

278

GCTGTTAGGG TTACCATCGC 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

279

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC GCTGTTAGGG TTACCATCGC 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

280

CCACAGGGTG ATATGCTGTC 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

281

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC CCACAGGGTG ATATGCTGTC 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

282

CGCCTGGCTA CTTTGGTACT 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

283

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC CGCCTGGCTA CTTTGGTACT 40

19 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

284

CCAAATGAAC CTGGGCAAC 19

39 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

285

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC CCAAATGAAC CTGGGCAAC 39

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

286

GTCTTGGCTC ACTGCAACCT 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

287

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC GTCTTGGCTC ACTGCAACCT 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

288

GCCAAGACTG TGCTACTGCA 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

289

CAGGGAGCAG ATCTTACCCA 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

290

TGGGATTAAC TAGGGAGGGG 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

291

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC TGGGATTAAC TAGGGAGGGG 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

292

TGCTGCTGTC TCCATCTCTG 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

293

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC TGCTGCTGTC TCCATCTCTG 40

21 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

294

ACAGACCAGC AGTGAAACCT G 21

41 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

295

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC ACAGACCAGC AGTGAAACCT G 41

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

296

GTTCACTGCA ACCTCTGCCT 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

297

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC GTTCACTGCA ACCTCTGCCT 40

21 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

298

GTTCTCGTAG ATGCTTGCAG G 21

41 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

299

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC GTTCTCGTAG ATGCTTGCAG G 41

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

300

GAGGCAGGAG GATCACTTGA 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

301

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC GAGGCAGGAG GATCACTTGA 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

302

TGAGCTGAGA TCACACCGCT 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

303

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC TGAGCTGAGA TCACACCGCT 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

304

AGTTGACACT TTGCTGGCCT 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

305

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC AGTTGACACT TTGCTGGCCT 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

306

CTCTGCATGG CTTAGGGACA 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

307

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC CTCTGCATGG CTTAGGGACA 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

308

GGCTGCTCTC TGCATTCTCT 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

309

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC GGCTGCTCTC TGCATTCTCT 40

21 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

310

CTGGCTTTAG CTTGCATTTC C 21

41 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

311

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC CTGGCTTTAG CTTGCATTTC C 41

21 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

312

TGCCTCAGTT TTCTCACCTG T 21

41 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

313

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC TGCCTCAGTT TTCTCACCTG T 41

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

314

CAAACAGCCA CTGAGCATGT 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

315

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC CAAACAGCCA CTGAGCATGT 40

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

316

TCCTCCTGTA GATGCCCAAG 20

40 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

317

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC TCCTCCTGTA GATGCCCAAG 40

22 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

318

GCCGAGAATT GTCATCTTAA CT 22

22 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

319

GGATTGAAAG CTGCAAACTA CA 22

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

320

GGAGCCACCA CATCCAGTTA 20

18 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

321

TGGAGGGATT GCTTGAGG 18

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

322

AGGTGTACAC CACCATGCCT 20

19 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

323

TGGTGCCAAT TATTGCTGC 19

22 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

324

AGATCTTATA CACATGTGCG CG 22

21 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

325

AGGTGACATC ACTTACAGCG G 21

18 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

326

ATTACCCAGG CATGGTGC 18

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

327

CAGGCACTTC TTCCAGGTCT 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

328

AGGGTTACAC TGGAGTTTGC 20

25 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

329

AAACCTTCAA TGTGTTCATT AAAAC 25

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

330

TCAACTTTAT TGGGGGTTTA 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

331

AAGGTAAAAG TCCAAAATGG 20

21 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

332

GGACAGTCAG TTATTGAAAT G 21

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

333

TTTCCTCTCT GGGAGTCTCT 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

334

TCAAGCTGGA GTCCACCATC 20

19 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

335

CACTCGCTGT GAGGAGGAC 19

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

336

ACAACGGCAG GACGTGTAAG 20

19 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

337

ATTGCCATCG ACTACGACC 19

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

338

TGGTCAACAC CGAGATCAAC 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

339

AACCTCTACT GGACCGACAC 20

19 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

340

CTCATGTACT GGACAGACT 19

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

341

GAGACGCCAA GACAGACAAG 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

342

CAGTCCAGTA GATGAAGTCC 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

343

GTGAAGAAGC ACAGGTGGCT 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

344

TCATGTCACT CAGCAGCTCC 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

345

CCGTTGTTGT GCATACAGTC 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

346

GTGGCACATG CAAACTGGTC 20

28 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

347

GCTCTAGAGT ACAAAGTTCT CCCAGCCC 28

54 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

348

ATCCTCGGGG TCTTCCGGGG CGAGTTCTGG CTGGCTACTG CTGTGGGCCG GGCT 54

54 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

349

TGGATATCTC AGTGGTGGTG GTGGTGGTGC TCGACATCCT CGGGGTCTTC CGGG 54

35 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

350

TAGAATTCGC CGCCACCATG GAGGCAGCGC CGCCC 35

17 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

351

GAGGCGGGAG CAAGAGG 17

26 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

352

GCAAGCTTCA TGGAGCCCGA GTGAGC 26

17 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

353

ATGGAGCCCG AGTGAGC 17

17 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

354

TCACTCGGGC TCCATGG 17

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

355

TGCTGTACTG CAGCTTGGTC 20

21 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

356

ATGCAGCTGC TGTAGACTTC C 21

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

357

GTCTGTTTGA TGGCCTCCTC 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

›REFERENCES · 29 of 30

358

ATGTTCTGTG CAGCACCTCC 20

18 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

359

GCCATCAGGT GACACGAG 18

21 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

360

AAGGTTCTCT TCTGGCAGGA C 21

19 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

361

CCAGTCAGTC CAGTACATG 19

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

362

TCGACCTGGA GGAACAGAAG 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

363

AAGCTCAGCT TCATCCACCG 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

364

ATGAAGCTGA GCTTGGCATC 20

22 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

365

AGCAGAGGAA GGAGATCCTT AG 22

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

366

TCCATGGGTG AGTACAGAGC 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

367

ATTGTCCTGC AACTGCACAC 20

19 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

368

GCCATTGCCA TTGACTACG 19

21 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

369

GGATCGTAGT CAATGGCAAT G 21

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

370

GAATTGAGGT GACTCGCCTC 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

371

CCTCAATTCT GTAGTGCCTG 20

19 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

372

TGTGTTGCAC CCTGTGATG 19

19 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

373

ATCTAGGTTG GCGCATTCG 19

19 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

374

AGGTGTTCAC CAGGACATG 19

29 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

375

GCGAGCTCCC GTCTATGTTG ATCACCTCG 29

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

376

GACCTGATGG GACTCAAAGC 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

377

GCTGGTGAAT ACCAGGAAGG 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

378

ACGATGTGGC TATCCCACTC 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

379

AGTAGGATCC AGAGCCAGAG 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

380

AGCGCATGGT GATAGCTGAC 20

21 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

381

CGTTCAATGC TATGCAGGTT C 21

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

382

GTGCTTCACA CTACACGCTG 20

19 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

383

CAGCCAGAAA TTTGCCATC 19

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

384

TCCGGCTGTA GATGTCAATG 20

21 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

385

AGGCCACCAA CACTATCAAT G 21

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

386

TACCCTCGCT CAGCATTGAC 20

19 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

387

CTGGAAGATG CCAACATCG 19

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

388

TGAACCCTAG TCCGCTTGTC 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

389

CTGCAGAACC TGCTGACTTG 20

21 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

390

CCAGAGTGAT GAAGAAGGCT G 21

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

391

TCACTCTGGT CAGCACACTC 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

392

CAGGATCGCT CTGATGAAGC 20

21 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

393

GCAGTTAGCT TCATCAGAGC G 21

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

394

ACCCTCTGAT GACATCCCAG 20

18 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

395

AATGGCACTG CTGTGGGC 18

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

396

AGGCTCATGG AGCTCATCAC 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

397

ATAGTGTGGC CTTTGTGCTG 20

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

398

GTCATTCGAG GTATGGCACC 20

21 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

399

GGTAGTATTT GCTGCTCTTC C 21

27 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

400

GCTCTAGAAA AGTTTCCCAG CCCTGCC 27

19 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

401

CTGGAAGATG CCAACATCG 19

62 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

402

GCTCTAGACT AGTGATGGTG ATGGTGATGA CTGCTGTGGG CTGGGATGTC ATCAGAGGGT 60

GG 62

17 amino acids

amino acid

linear

403

Ser Tyr Phe His Leu Phe Pro Pro Pro Pro Ser Pro Cys Thr Asp Ser

1 5 10 15

Ser

15 amino acids

amino acid

linear

404

Val Asp Gly Arg Gln Asn Ile Lys Arg Ala Lys Asp Asp Gly Thr

1 5 10 15

18 amino acids

amino acid

linear

405

Glu Val Leu Phe Thr Thr Gly Leu Ile Arg Pro Val Ala Leu Val Val

1 5 10 15

Asp Asn

16 amino acids

amino acid

linear

406

Ile Gln Gly His Leu Asp Phe Val Met Asp Ile Leu Val Phe His Ser

1 5 10 15

27 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

407

CCATCCTAAT ACGACTCACT ATAGGGC 27

23 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

408

ACTCACTATA GGGCTCGAGC GGC 23

18 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

409

TGTAAAACGA CGGCCAGT 18

20 base pairs

nucleic acid

single

linear

410

GCTATGACCA TGATTACGCC 20

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

411

CCGGGTCAAC ATGGAG 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

412

CCGCGGGTAG GTGGGC 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

413

TGCCCCACAG CCTCGC 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

414

TCACGGGTAA ACCCTG 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

415

CCCGTCACAG GTACAT 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

416

GTTCCGGTAG GTACCC 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

417

CTGACTGCAG GCAGAA 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

418

CTTTCTGTGA GTGCCG 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

419

GTTTTCCCAG TCCACA 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

420

AGGCAGGTGA GGCGGT 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

421

GTCTCCACAG GAGCCG 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

422

GATGGGGTAA GACGGG 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

423

TCTTCTCCAG CCTCAT 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

424

ATCGAGGTGA GGCTCC 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

425

CGTCCTGCAG GTGATC 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

426

TCGTCGGTGA GTCCGG 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

427

TCGCTTCCAG GAACCA 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

428

CTGAAGGTAG CGTGGG 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

429

CTGCTGCCAG ACCATC 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

430

CAAGGGGTAA GTGTTT 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

431

TGCCTTCCAG CTACAT 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

432

TGCTGGGTGA GGGCCG 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

433

GTTCATGCAG GTCAGG 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

434

GCAGCCGTAA GTGCCT 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

435

CCTCCTCTAG CGCCCA 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

436

ACCCAGGCAG GTGCCC 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

437

TGTCTTACAG CCCTTT 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

438

GCGAGGGTAG GAGGCC 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

439

CCTCCCGCAG GTACCT 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

440

TGTCAGGTAA GGGGCC 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

441

CTGCTTGCAG GGGCCA 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

442

AGTTCTGTAC GTGGGG 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

443

GTCTTTGCAG CAGCCC 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

444

GTGGAGGTAG GTGTGA 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

445

CCTCCCCCAG AGCCGC 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

446

GTGACGGTGA GGCCCT 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

447

TCCCTTGCAG CCATCT 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

448

TGTGTGGTGA GCCAGC 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

449

TCTCTGGCAG AAATCA 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

450

TCACAGGTAA GGAGCC 16

›REFERENCES · 30 of 30

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

451

TCCCTGCCAG GCATCG 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

452

CCGCCGGTGA GGGGCG 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

453

CTCTCCTCAG ATCCTG 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

454

GTACAGGTAG GACATC 16

16 base pairs

nucleic acid

double

linear

455

TCCCTTTCAG GCCCTA 16

›Tables in the description — 11
TABLE 1 — Haplotype analysis at D11S1917 (UT5620) - H0570POLYA, within 2582 families from UK, USA, Norway and Sardinia. Susceptible, protective and neutral alleles were identified at each polymorphism, and transmission of recombinant haplotypes to diabetic offspring was calculated (t = transmission, nt = non transmission). Significant transmission of the haplotype 332-104 was detected (P = 0.005), as well as significant non-transmission of the haplotype 328-103 (P = 0.03). D11S1917
(UT5620)H0570POLYAtnt −P
328104539474
Protective3321034275210.002
Susceptible33210460330.005
Protective32810316310.03
TABLE 2 — PCR Primers for obtaining LRP5 cDNA Primers located within LRP5 cDNA: The primers are numbered beginning at nucleotide 1 in FIG. 5(a) (SEQ ID NO: 1).
1F (muex 1f): ATGGAGCCCGAGTGAGC(SEQ ID NO:49)
218R (27R): ATGGTGGACTCCAGCTTGAC(SEQ ID NO:50)
256F (1F): TTCCAGTTTTCCAAGGGAG(SEQ ID NO:51)
265R (26R): AAAACTGGAAGTCCACTGCG(SEQ ID NO:52)
318R (4R): GGTCTGCTTGATGGCCTC(SEQ ID NO:53)
343F (2F): GTGCAGAACGTGGTCATCT(SEQ ID NO:54)
Vector Primers for RCCA
361R (21R): GTGCAGAACGTGGTCATCT(SEQ ID NO:54)
622R (2R): AGTCCACAATGATCTTCCGG(SEQ ID NO:55)
638F (4F): CCAATGGACTGACCATCGAC(SEQ ID NO:56)
657R (1R): GTCGATGGTCAGTCCATTGG(SEQ ID NO:57)
956R (22R) : TTGTCCTCCTCACAGCGAG(SEQ ID NO:58)
1713F (21F): GGACTTCATCTACTGGACTG(SEQ ID NO:59)
1481R (23R): CAGTCTGTCCAGTACATGAG(SEQ ID NO:60)
1981F (22F): GCCTTCTTGGTCTTCACCAG(SEQ ID NO:61)
2261F (23F) :GGACCAACAGAATCGAAGTG(SEQ ID NO:62)
2484R (5R): GTCAATGGTGAGGTCGT(SEQ ID NO:63)
2519F (5F): ACACCAACATGATCGAGTCG(SEQ ID NO:64)
3011F (24F): ACAAGTTCATCTACTGGGTG(SEQ ID NO:65)
3154F (25F): CGGACACTGTTCTGGACGTG(SEQ ID NO:66)
3173R (25R): CACGTCCAGAACAGTGTCCG(SEQ ID NO:67)
3556R (3R): TCCAGTAGAGATGCTTGCCA(SEQ ID NO:68)
Vector Primers for RCCA
3577F (3F): ATCGAGCGTGTGGAGAAGAC(SEQ ID NO:69)
4094F (30F): TCCTCATCAAACAGCAGTGC(SEQ ID NO:70)
4173R (6R): CGGCTTGGTGATTTCACAC(SEQ ID NO:71)
4687F (6F): GTGTGTGACAGCGACTACAGC(SEQ ID NO:72)
4707R (30R): GCTGTAGTCGCTGTCACACAC(SEQ ID NO:73)
5061R (7R): GTACAAAGTTCTCCCAGCCC(SEQ ID NO:74)
PCR primers in Sequences identified by GRAIL
G1 1F: TCTTCTCCAGAGGATGCAGC(SEQ ID NO:75)
G1 2F: TTCGTCTTGAACTTCCCAGC(SEQ ID NO:76)
G1 3F: TCTTCTTCTCCAGAGGATGCA(SEQ ID NO:77)
Gp1 1F: AGGCTGGTCTCAAACTCCTG(SEQ ID NO:78)
PBS.543R: GGGGATGTGCTGCAAGGCGA(SEQ ID NO:79)
PBS.578R: CCAGGGTTTTCCCAGTCACGAC(SEQ ID NO:80)
PBS.838F: TTGTGTGGAATTGTGAGCGGATAAC(SEQ ID NO:81)
PBS.873F: CCCAGGCTTTACACTTTATGCTTCC(SEQ ID NO:82)
TABLE 3 — Intron-Exon Organization of Human LRP-5
ExonIntron
3′ Acceptor SequenceExonSize5′ Donor SequenceNumber &
IntronExonNumber(bp)ExonIntronSize (bp)
ccgggtcaac/ATCGGAGEx 1 (6)(91)CCGCGG/gtaggtgggc1 (350S1)
(SEQ ID NO:411)(SEQ ID NO:412)
tgccccacag/CCTCGCEx 2 (A)(391)TCACGG/gtaaaccctg2 (9408)
(SEQ ID NO:413)(SEQ ID NO:414)
ccgtcacag/GTACATEx 3 (B)(198)GTTCCG/gtaggtaccc3 (6980)
(SEQ ID NO:415)(SEQ ID NO:416)
ctgactgcag/GCAGAAEx 4 (C)(197)CTTTCT/gtgagtgccg4 (1640)
(SEQ ID NO:417)(SEQ ID NO:418)
gttttcccag/TCCACAEx 5 (D)(132)AGGCAG/gtgaggcggt5 (20823)
(SEQ ID NO:419)(SEQ ID NO:420)
gtctccacag/GAGCCGEx 6 (E)(397)GATGGG/gtaagacggg6 (3213)
(SEQ ID NO:421)(SEQ ID NO:422)
tcttctccag/CCTCATEx 7 (F)(172)ATCGAG/gtgaggctcc7 (13445)
(SEQ ID NO:423)(SEQ ID NO:424)
cgtcctgcag/GTGATCEx 8 (G)(217)TCGTCG/gtgagtccgg8 (2826)
(SEQ ID NO:425)(SEQ ID NO:426)
tcgcttccag/GAACCAEx 9 (H)(290)CTGAAG/gtagcgtggg9 (5000+)
(SEQ ID NO:427)(SEQ ID NO:428)
ctgctgccag/ACCATCEx 10 (I)(227)CAAGGG/gtaagtgttt10 (1295)
(SEQ ID NO:429)(SEQ ID NO:430)
tgccttccag/CTACATEx 11 (J)(185)TGCTGG/gtgagggccg11 (2068)
(SEQ ID NO:431)(SEQ ID NO:432)
gttcatgcag/GTCAGGEx 12 (K)(324)GCAGCC/gtaagtgcct12 (2005)
(SEQ ID NO:433)(SEQ ID NO:434)
cctcctctag/CGCCCAEx 13 (L)(200)ACCCAG/gcaggtgccc13 (6963)
(SEQ ID NO:435)(SEQ ID NO:436)
tgtcttacag/CCCTTTEx 14 (M)(209)GCGAGG/gtaggaggcc14 (1405)
(SEQ ID NO:437)(SEQ ID NO:438)
cctcccgcag/GTACCTEx 15 (N)(191)TGTCAG/gtaaggggcc15 (686)
(SEQ ID NO:439)(SEQ ID NO:440)
ctgcttgcag/GGGCCAEx 16 (O)(210)AGTTCT/gtacgtgggg16 (3894)
(SEQ ID NO:441)(SEQ ID NO:442)
gtctttgcag/CAGCCCEx 17 (P)(126)GTGGAG/gtaggtgtga17 (3903)
(SEQ ID NO:443)(SEQ ID NO:444)
cctcccccag/AGCCGCEx 18 (Q)(237)GTGACG/gtgaggccct18 (3042)
(SEQ ID NO:445)(SEQ ID NO:446)
tcccttgcag/CCATCTEx 19 (R)(111)TGTGTG/gtgagccagc19 (1448)
(SEQ ID NO:447)(SEQ ID NO:448)
tctctggcag/AAATCAEx 20 (S)(237)TCACAG/gtaaggagcc20 (1095)
(SEQ ID NO:449)(SEQ ID NO:450)
tccctgccag/GCATCGEx 21 (T)(140)CCGCCG/gtgaggggcg21 (6514)
(SEQ ID NO:451)(SEQ ID NO:452)
ctctcctcag/ATCCTGEx 22 (U)(98)GTACAG/gtaggacatc22 (2275)
(SEQ ID NO:453)(SEQ ID NO:454)
tccctttcag/GCCCTAEx 23 (V)(>262)23 (19985)
(SEQ ID NO:455)
TABLE 4 — LRP-5 Exon primers
(SEQ ID NO: 83)E1x11fCAGGGTTTCATCCTTTGTGG
(SEQ ID NO: 84)E1x11fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTCAGGGTTTCATCCTTTGTGG
(SEQ ID NO: 85)E1x11fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCAGGGTTTCATCCTTTGTGG
(SEQ ID NQ: 86)E1x11rTGACGGGAAGAGTTCCTCAG
(SEQ ID NO: 87)E1x11rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTGACGGGAAGAGTTCCTCAG
(SEQ ID NO: 88)E1x51fTCTGCTCTTCCTGAACTGCC
(SEQ ID NO: 89)E1x51fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTTCTGCTCTTCCTGAACTGCC
(SEQ ID NO: 90)E1x51rTTGAGTCCTTCAACAAGCCC
(SEQ ID NO: 91)E1x51rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTTGAGTCCTTCAACAAGCCC
(SEQ ID NO: 92)E1x61fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTTTCCCCACTCATAGAGGCTC
(SEQ ID NO: 93)E1x61rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCGCTCCCAACTCGCCAAGT
(SEQ ID NO: 94)E1x6a1fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTGGTCAACATGGAGGCAGC
(SEQ ID NO: 95)E1x6a1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCAGGTGTCAGTCCGCTTG
(SEQ ID NO: 96)E1x6b1fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTGCAGAGAAGTTCTGAGC
(SEQ ID NO: 97)E1x6b1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCACTTGGCCAGCCATACTC
(SEQ ID NO: 98)E1x6c1fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTCAAGCAAGCCTCTTGCTACC
(SEQ ID NO: 99)E1x6c1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCACTGCAATGAGGTGAAAGGC
(SEQ ID NO: 100)E1x6d1fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTCAGGTGAGAACAAGTGTCCG
(SEQ ID NO: 101)E1x6d1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCGCTGCCTCCATGTTGACC
(SEQ ID NO: 102)E1x6e1fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTTGTGCCTGGGTGAGATTCT
(SEQ ID NO: 103)E1x6e1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTGTGGAGCCTCTATGAGTGG
(SEQ ID NO: 104)E1x6f1fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTGGGTGACAGGTGGCAGTAG
(SEQ ID NO: 105)E1x6f1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCGGAAGGAAGGACACTTGAGC
(SEQ ID NO: 106)E1x6g1fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTCCTGGTGTGTTTGAGAACCC
(SEQ ID NO: 107)E1x6g1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCAATGGGAAGCCAGGCTAG
(SEQ ID NO: 108)E1xA1fATCTTGCTGGCTTAGCCAGT
(SEQ ID NO: 109)E1xA1fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTATCTTGCTGGCTTAGCCAGT
(SEQ ID NO: 110)E1xA1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCATTTTGCTGGCTTAGGCAGT
(SEQ ID NO: 111)E1xA1rGCTCATGCAAATTCGAGAGAG
(SEQ ID NO: 112)E1xA1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCGCTCATGCAAATTCGAGAGAG
(SEQ ID NO: 113)E1xB1fCCTGTGGGTTATTTCCGATGG
(SEQ ID NO: 114)E1xB1fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTCCTGTTGGTTATTTCCGATGG
(SEQ ID NO: 115)E1xB1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCCTGTTGGTTATTTCCGATGG
(SEQ ID NO: 116)E1xB1rCCTGAGTTAAGAAGGAACGCC
(SEQ ID NO: 117)E1xB1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCCTGAGTTAAGAAGGAACGCC
(SEQ ID NO: 118)E1xC1fAATTGGTCAGCAGCAATG
(SEQ ID NO: 119)E1xC1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCAATTGGGTCAGCAGCAATG
(SEQ ID NO: 120)E1xC2fAATTGGGTCAGCAGCAATG
(SEQ ID NO: 121)E1xC2fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTAATTGGGTCAGCAGCAATG
(SEQ ID NO: 119)E1xC2fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCAATTGGGTCAGCAGCAATG
(SEQ ID NO: 122)E1xC1rTTGGATCGCTAGAGATTGGG
(SEQ ID NO: 123)E1xC1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTTGGATCGCTAGAGATTGGG
(SEQ ID NO: 124)E1xC2rGCACCCTAATTGGCACTCA
(SEQ ID NO: 125)E1xC2rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCGCACCCTAATTGGCACTCA
(SEQ ID NO: 126)E1xD1fTGACGGTCCTCTTCTGGAAC
(SEQ ID NO: 127)E1xD1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTGACGGTCCTCTTCTGGAAC
(SEQ ID NO: 128)E1xD2fCGAGGCAGGATGTGACTCAT
(SEQ ID NO: 129)E1xD2fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTCGAGGCAGGATGTGACTCAT
(SEQ ID NO: 130)E1xD2fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCGAGGCAGGATGTGACTCAT
(SEQ ID NO: 131)E1xD1rAGTGGATCATTTCGAACGG
(SEQ ID NO: 132)E1xD1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCAGTGGATCATTTCGAACGG
(SEQ ID NO: 133)E1xD2rCCAACTCAGCTTCCCGAGTA
(SEQ ID NO: 134)E1xD2rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCCAACTCAGCTTCCCGAGTA
(SEQ ID NO: 135)E1xE1fTGGCTGAGTATTTCCCTTGC
(SEQ ID NO: 136)E1xE1fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTTGGCTGAGTATTTCCCTTGC
(SEQ ID NO: 137)E1xE1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTGGCTGAGTATTTCCCTTGC
(SEQ ID NO: 138)E1xE1rTTTAACAAGCCCTCCTCCG
(SEQ ID NO: 139)E1xE1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTTTAACAAGCCCTCCTCCG
(SEQ ID NO: 140)E1xF1fCAACGCCAGCATCTACTGA
(SEQ ID NO: 141)E1xF1fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTCAACGCCAGCATCTACTGA
(SEQ ID NO: 142)E1xF1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCAACGCCAGCATCTACTGA
(SEQ ID NO: 143)E1xF1rCAAATAGCAGAGCACAGGCA
(SEQ ID NO: 144)E1xF1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCAAATAGCAGAGCACAGGCA
(SEQ ID NO: 145)E1xG1fTGAAGTTGCTGCTCTTGGG
(SEQ ID NO: 146)E1xG1fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTTGAAGTTGCTGCTCTTGGG
(SEQ ID NO: 147)E1xG1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTGAAGTTGCTGCTCTTGGG
(SEQ ID NO: 148)E1xG1rCACTTCCTCCTCATGCAAGTC
(SEQ ID NO: 149)E1xG1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCACTTCCTCCTCATGCAAGTC
(SEQ ID NO: 150)E1xH1fAGACTGGAGCCTCTGTGTTCG
(SEQ ID NO: 151)E1xH1fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTAGACTGGAGCCTCTGTGTTCG
(SEQ ID NO: 152)E1xH1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCAGACTGGAGCCTCTGTGTTCG
(SEQ ID NO: 153)E1xH1rTGTGTGTCTACCGGACTTGC
(SEQ ID NO: 154)E1xH1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTGTGTGTCTACCGGACTTGC
(SEQ ID NO: 155)E1xH2rGAACAGAGGCAAGGTTTTCCC
(SEQ ID NO: 156)E1xH2rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCGAACAGAGGCAAGGTTTTCCC
(SEQ ID NO: 157)E1xI1fAGAATCGCTTGAACCCAGG
(SEQ ID NO: 158)E1xI1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCAGAATCGCTTGAACCCAGG
(SEQ ID NO: 159)E1xI2fGCTGGTTCCTAAAATGTGGC
(SEQ ID NO: 160)E1xI2fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTGCTGGTTCCTAAAATGTGGC
(SEQ ID NO: 161)E1xI2fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCGCTGGTTCCTAAAATGTGGC
(SEQ ID NO: 162)E1xI1rCATACGAGGTGAACACAAGGAC
(SEQ ID NO: 163)E1xI1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCATACGAGGTGAACACAAGGAC
(SEQ ID NO; 164)E1xJ1fTGAAGAGGTGGGGACAGTTG
(SEQ ID NO: 165)E1xJ1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTGAAGAGGTGGGGACAGTTG
(SEQ ID NO: 166)E1xJ2fCTTGTGCCTTCCAGCTACATC
(SEQ ID NO: 167)E1xJ2fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTCTTGTGCCTTCCAGCTACATC
(SEQ ID NO: 168)E1xJ2fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCTTGTGCCTTCCAGCTACATC
(SEQ ID NO: 169)E1xJ1rAGTCCTGGCACAGGGATTAG
(SEQ ID NO: 170)E1xJ1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCAGTCCTGGCACAGGGATTAG
(SEQ ID NO: 171)E1xJ2rATAACTGCAGCAAAGGCACC
(SEQ ID NO: 172)E1xJ2rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCATAACTGCAGCAAAGGCACC
(SEQ ID NO: 173)E1xK1fGCTTCAGTGGATCTTGCTGG
(SEQ ID NO: 174)E1xK1fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTGCTTCAGTGGATCTTGCTGG
(SEQ ID NO: 175)E1xK1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCGCTTCAGTGGATCTTGCTGG
(SEQ ID NO: 176)E1xK1rTGTGCAGTGCACAACCTACC
(SEQ ID NO: 177)E1xK1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTGTGCAGTGCACAACCTACC
(SEQ ID NO: 178)E1xL1fGTTGTCGAGTGGCGTGCTAT
(SEQ ID NO: 179)E1xL1fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTGTTGTCGAGTGGCGTGCTAT
(SEQ ID NO: 180)E1xL1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCGTTGTCGAGTGGCGTGCTAT
(SEQ ID NO: 181)E1xL1rAAAAGTCCTGTGGGGTCTGA
(SEQ ID NO: 182)E1xL1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCAAAAGTCCTGTGGGGTCTGA
(SEQ ID NO: 183)E1xM1fAGAAGTGTGGCCTCTGCTGT
(SEQ ID NO: 184)E1xM1fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTAGAAGTGTGGCCTCTGCTGT
(SEQ ID NO: 185)E1xM1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCAGAAGTGTGGCCTCTGCTGT
(SEQ ID NO: 186)E1xM1rGTGAAAGAGCCTGTGTTTGCT
(SBQ ID NO: 187)E1xM1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCGTGAAAGAGCCTGTGTTTGCT
(SEQ ID NO: 188)E1xN1fAGACCCTGCTTCCAAATAAGC
(SEQ ID NO: 189)E1xN1fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTAGACCCTGCTTCCAAATAAGC
(SEQ ID NO: 190)E1xN1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCAGACCCTGCTTCCAAATAAGC
(SEQ ID NO: 191)E1xN1rACTCATTTTCTGCCTCTGCC
(SEQ ID NO: 192)E1xN1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCACTCATTTTCTGCCTCTGCC
(SEQ ID NO: 193)E1xO1fTGGCAGTCCTGTCAACCTCT
(SEQ ID NO: 194)E1xO1fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTTGGCAGTCCTGTCAACCTCT
(SEQ ID NO: 195)E1xO1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTGGCAGTCCTGTCAACCTCT
(SEQ ID NO: 196)E1xO1rCACACAGGATCTTGCACTGG
(SEQ ID NO: 197)E1xO1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCACACAGGATCTTGCACTGG
(SEQ ID NO: 198)E1xP1fAGGGCCAGTTCTCATGAGTT
(SEQ ID NO: 199)E1xP1fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTAGGGCCAGTTCTCATGAGTT
(SEQ ID NO: 200)E1xP1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCAGGGCCAGTTCTCATGAGTT
(SEQ ID NO: 201)E1xP1rGGGCAAAGGAAGACACAATC
(SEQ ID NO: 202)E1xP1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCGGGCAAAGGAAGACACAATC
(SEQ ID NO: 203)E1xQ1fCAACTTCTGCTTTGAAGCCC
(SEQ ID NO: 204)E1xQ1fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTCAACTTCTGCTTTGAAGCCC
(SEQ ID NO: 205)E1xQ1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCAACTTCTGCTTTGAAGCCC
(SEQ ID NO: 206)E1xQ1rGACAGACTTGGCAATCTCCC
(SEQ ID NO: 207)E1xQ1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCGACAGACTTGGCAATCTCCC
(SEQ ID NO: 208)E1xR1fTCTGCTCTCTGTTTGGAGTCC
(SEQ ID NO: 209)E1xR1fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTTCTGCTCTCTGTTTGAGTCC
(SEQ ID NO: 210)E1xR1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTCTGCTCTCTGTTTGGAGTCC
(SEQ ID NO: 211)E1xR1rCCCTAAACTCCACGTTCCTG
(SEQ ID NO: 212)E1xR1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCCCTAAACTCCACGTTCCTG
(SEQ ID NO: 213)E1xS1fGGGTTAATGTTGGCCACATC
(SEQ ID NO: 214)E1xS1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCGGGTTAATGTTGGCCACATC
(SEQ ID NO: 215)E1xS2fTTGGCAGGGATGTGTTGAG
(SEQ ID NO: 216)E1xS2fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTTTGGCAGGGATGTGTTGAG
(SEQ ID NO: 217)E1xS2fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTTGGCAGGGATGTGTTGAG
(SEQ ID NO: 218)E1xS1rGTCTGCCACATGTCAAGAG
(SEQ ID NO: 219)E1xS1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCGTCTGCCACATGTGCAAGAG
(SEQ ID NO: 220)E1xT1fTGGTCTGAGTCTCGTGGGTA
(SEQ ID NO: 221)E1xT1fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTTGGTCTGAGTCTCGTGGGTA
(SEQ ID NO: 222)E1xT1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTGGTCTGAGTCTCGTGGGTA
(SEQ ID NO: 223)E1xT1rGAGGTGGATTTGGGTGAGATT
(SEQ ID NO: 224)E1xT1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCGAGGTGGATTTGGGTGAGATT
(SEQ ID NO: 225)E1xU1fAGCCCTCTCTGCAAGGAAAG
(SEQ ID NO: 226)E1xU1fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTAGCCCTCTCTGCAAGGAAAG
(SEQ ID NO: 227)E1xU1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCAGCCCTCTCTGCAAGGAAAG
(SEQ ID NO: 228)E1xU1rCAGAACGTGGAGTTCTGCTG
(SEQ ID NO: 229)E1xU1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCAGAACGTGGAGTTCTGCTG
(SEQ ID NO: 230)E1xV1fTACCGAATCCCACTCCTCTG
(SEQ ID NO: 231)E1xV1fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTTACCGAATCCCACTCCTCTG
(SEQ ID NO: 232)E1xV1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTACCGAATCCCACTCCTCTG
(SEQ ID NO: 233)E1xV2fCATGGTAGAGGTGGGACCAT
(SEQ ID NO: 234)E1xV2fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTCATGGTAGAGGTGGGACCAT
(SEQ ID NO: 235)E1xV2fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCATGGTAGAGGTGGGACCAT
(SEQ ID NO: 236)E1xV1rGATATCCACCTCTGCCCAAG
(SEQ ID NO: 237)E1xV1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCGATATCCACCTCTGCCCAAG
(SEQ ID NO: 238)E1xV2rTTACAGGGGCACAGAGAAGC
(SEQ ID NO: 239)E1xV2rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTTACAGGGGCACAGAGAAGC
(SEQ ID NO: 240)57-11fGCAACAGAGCAAGACCCTGT
(SEQ ID NO: 241)57-11fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCGCAACAGAGCAAGACCCTGT
(SEQ ID NO: 242)57-11rAAATTAGCCAGGCATGGTG
(SEQ ID NO: 243)57-11rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCAAATTAGCCAGGCATGGTG
(SEQ ID NO: 244)57-11fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTGCAACAGAGCAAGACCCTGT
(SEQ ID NO: 245)57-21fCCTGCAGAAGGAAACCTGAC
(SEQ ID NO: 246)57-21fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCCTGCAGAAGGAAACCTGAC
(SEQ ID NO: 247)57-21rCTGCATCTTTGCCACCATG
(SEQ ID NO: 248)57-21rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCTGCATCTTTGCCACCATG
(SEQ ID NO: 249)57-21fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTCCTGCAGAAGGAAACCTGAC
(SEQ ID NO: 250)57-31fTTCCCAGGAGGCAAGTTATG
(SEQ ID NO: 251)57-31fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTTCCCAGGAGGCAAGTTATG
(SEQ ID NO: 252)57-31rTGGGCTTAGGTGATCCTCAC
(SEQ ID NO: 253)57-31rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTGGGCTTAGGTGATCCTCAC
(SEQ ID NO: 254)57-31fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTTTCCCAGGAGGCAAGTTATG
(SEQ ID NO: 255)57-41fACCAAGCCCAACTAATCAGC
(SEQ ID NO: 256)57-41fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCACCAAGCCCAACTAATCAGC
(SEQ ID NO: 257)57-41rATGCCTGTAATCCCAGCACT
(SEQ ID NO: 258)57-41rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCATGCCTGTAATCCCAGCACT
(SEQ ID NO: 259)57-41fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTACCAAGCCCAACTAATCAGC
(SEQ ID NO: 260)57-51fACTGCAAGCCCTCTCTGAAC
(SEQ ID NO: 261)57-51rCGAAGACTGCGAAACAGACA
(SBQ ID NO: 262)58-11fCTAGTGCCGTGCAGAATGAG
(SEQ ID NO: 263)58-11rGGCCACTGCAATGAGATACA
(SEQ ID NO: 264)58-21fGAGAAACAGTTCCAGGGTGG
(SEQ ID NO: 265)58-21fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCGAGAAACAGTTCCAGGGTGG
(SEQ ID NO: 266)58-21rAAACTGAGGCTGGGAGAGGT
(SEQ ID NO: 267)58-21rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCAAACTGAGGCTGGGAGAGGT
(SEQ ID NO: 268)58-31fTGTTCTTCCTCACAGGGAGG
(SEQ ID NO: 269)58-31fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTGTTCTTCCTCACAGGGAGG
(SEQ ID NO: 270)58-31rTCCCCAAATCTGTCCAGTTC
(SEQ ID NO: 271)58-31rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTCCCCAAATCTGTCCAGTTC
(SEQ ID NO: 272)58-41fCATACCTGGAGGGATGCTTG
(SEQ ID NO: 273)58-41fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCATACCTGGAGGGATGCTTG
(SEQ ID NO: 274)58-41rTAGGTTGCTGTGTGGCTTCA
(SEQ ID NO: 275)58-41rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTAGGTTGCTGTGTGGCTTCA
(SEQ ID NO: 276)58-51fCTTCTGACAAAGCAGAGGCC
(SEQ ID NO: 277)58-51fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCTTCTGACAAAGCAGAGGCC
(SEQ ID NO: 278)58-51rGCTGTTAGGGTTACCATCGC
(SEQ ID NO: 279)58-51rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCGCTGTTAGGGTTACCATCGC
(SEQ ID NO: 280)58-61fCCACAGGGTGATATGCTGTC
(SEQ ID NO: 281)58-61fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCCACAGGGTGATATGCTGTC
(SEQ ID NO: 282)58-61rCGCCTGGCTACTTTGGTACT
(SEQ ID NO: 283)58-61rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCGCCTGGCTACTTTGGTACT
(SEQ ID NO: 284)58-71fCCAAATGAACCTGGGCAAC
(SEQ ID NO: 285)58-71fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCCAAATGAACCTGGGCAAC
(SEQ ID NO: 286)58-71rGTCTTGGCTCACTGCAACCT
(SEQ ID NO: 287)58-71rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCGTCTTGGCTCACTGCAACCT
(SEQ ID NO: 288)58-81fGCCAAGACTGTGCTACTGCA
(SEQ ID NO: 289)58-81rCAGGGAGCAGATCTTACCCA
(SEQ ID NO: 290)58-91fTGGGATTAACTAGGGAGGGG
(SEQ ID NO: 291)58-91fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTGGGATTAACTAGGGAGGGG
(SEQ ID NO: 292)58-91rTGCTGCTGTCTCCATCTCTG
(SEQ ID NO: 293)58-91rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTGCTGCTGTCTCCATCTCTG
(SEQ ID NO: 294)58-101fACAGACCAGCAGTGAAACCTG
(SEQ ID NO: 295)58-101fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCACAGACCAGCAGTGAAACCTG
(SEQ ID NO: 296)58-101rGTTCACTGCAACCTCTGCCT
(SEQ ID NO: 297)58-101rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCGTTCACTGCAACCTCTGCCT
(SEQ ID NO: 298)58-111fGTTCTCGTAGATGCTTGCAGG
(SEQ ID NO: 299)58-111fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCGTTCTCGTAGATGCTTGCAGG
(SEQ ID NO: 300)58-111rGAGGCAGGAGGATCACTTGA
(SEQ ID NO: 301)58-111rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCGAGGCAGGAGGATCACTTGA
(SEQ ID NO: 302)58-121fTGAGCTGAGATCACACCGCT
(SEQ ID NO: 303)58-121fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTGAGCTGAGATCACACCGCT
(SEQ ID NO: 304)58-121rAGTTGACACTTTGCTGGCCT
(SEQ ID NO: 305)58-121rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCAGTTGACACTTTGCTGGCCT
(SEQ ID NO: 306)58-131fCTCTGCATGGCTTAGGGACA
(SEQ ID NO: 307)58-131fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCTCTGCATGGCTTAGGGACA
(SEQ ID NO: 308)58-131rGGCTGCTCTCTGCATTCTCT
(SEQ ID NO: 309)58-131rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCGGCTGCTCTCGCATTCTCT
(SEQ ID NO: 310)58-141fCTGGCTTTAGCTGCATTTCC
(SEQ ID NO: 311)58-141fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCTGGCTTTAGCTTGCATTTCC
(SEQ ID NO: 312)58-141rTGCCTCAGTTTTCTCACCTGT
(SEQ ID NO: 313)58-141rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTGCCTCAGTTTTCTCACCTGT
(SEQ ID NO: 314)58-151fCAAACAGCCACTGAGCATGT
(SEQ ID NO: 315)58-151fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCAAACAGCCACTGAGCATGT
(SEQ ID NO: 316)58-151rTCCTCCTGTAGATGCCCAAG
(SEQ ID NO: 317)58-151rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTCCTCCTGTAGATGCCCAAG
TABLE 5 — LRP-5 exon SNPs
ExonPolymorphismAmino Acid ChangeLocation
exon EG to AIntronic10 bP 3 r of exon E
exon EC to TnonePhe 331 , exon E
exon FG to AIntronic50 bp 5′ of exon F
exon GC to TnonePhe 518 , exon G
exon IC to TnoneAsn 709 , exon I
exon PC to TIntronic82 bp 5′ of exon P
exon NC to TnoneAsp 1068 , exon N
exon NA to GnoneVal 1088 , exon N
exon QC to TAla 1299 to ValAla 1299 , exon Q
exon UT to CVal 1494 to AlaVal 1494 , exon U
TABLE 6 — SNP's Identified in the IDDM 4 Locus List of PCR Fragments and available RFLP Sites for Analysis:
PCR ProductSNPLocationEnzyme
Contig 57
57-1a/t13363none
57-1a/g13484Bst XI
57-2a/g14490none
57-2a/g14885none
57-3c/g18776Mae II
57-3t/c18901Msp I
57-3a/g19313Afl II
57-422T/25T20800none
57-5g/a23713Msp I
Contig 58
58-15c/t3015none
58-14g/c3897Pfl MI
58-13c/g5574Eco NI
58-12t/g6051none
58-11a/g8168none
58-10a/g8797none
58-9g/t9445none
58-9c/t9718none
58-8insert T10926Pst I
58-7t/a11449Bst XI
58-7t/c11468none
58-6t/c11878none
58-6g/a12057none
58-6a/g12180Hga I
58-5c/t14073none
58-4a/g15044Mae II
58-4t/c15354none
58-3insert G16325none
58-2g/a17662none
58-1g/t18439Bgl II
TABLE 7 — SNP primers
(SEQ ID NO:240)57-1 1fGCAACAGAGCAAGACCCTGT
(SEQ ID NO:241)57-1 1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCGCAACAGAGCAAGACCCTGT
(SEQ ID NO:242)57-1 1rAAATTAGCCAGGCATGGTG
(SEQ ID NO:243)57-1 1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCAAATTAGCCAGGCATGGTG
(SEQ ID NO:244)57-1 1fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTGCAACAGAGCAAGACCCTGT
(SEQ ID NO:245)57-2 1fCCTGCAGAAGGAAACCTGAC
(SEQ ID NO:246)57-2 1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCCTGCAGAAGGAAACCTGAC
(SEQ ID NO:247)57-2 1rCTGCATCTTTGCCACCATG
(SEQ ID NO:248)57-2 1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCTGCATCTTTGCCACCATG
(SEQ ID NO:249)57-2 1fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTCCTGCAGAAGGAAACCTGAC
(SEQ ID NO:250)57-3 1fTTCCCAGGAGGCAAGTTATG
(SEQ ID NO:251)57-3 1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTTCCCAGGAGGCAAGTTATG
(SEQ ID NO:252)57-3 1rTGGGCTTAGGTGATCCTCAC
(SEQ ID NO:253)57-3 1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTGGGCTTAGGTGATCCTCAC
(SEQ ID NO:254)57-3 1fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTTTCCCAGGAGGCAAGTTATG
(SEQ ID NO:255)57-4 1fACCAAGCCCAACTAATCAGC
(SEQ ID NO:256)57-4 1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCACCAAGCCCAACTAATCAGC
(SEQ ID NO:257)57-4 1rATGCCTGTAATCCCAGCACT
(SEQ ID NO:258)57-4 1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCATGCCTGTAATCCCAGCACT
(SEQ ID NO:259)57-4 1fUTGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTACCAAGCCCAACTAATCAGC
(SEQ ID NO:260)57-5 1fACTGCAAGCCCTCTCTGAAC
(SEQ ID NO:261)57-5 1rCGAAGACTGCGAAACAGACA
(SEQ ID NO:262)58-1 1fCTAGTGCCGTGCAGAATGAG
(SEQ ID NO:263)58-1 1rGGCCACTGCAATGAGATACA
(SEQ ID NO:264)58-2 1fGAGAAACAGTTCCAGGGTGG
(SEQ ID NO:265)58-2 1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCGAGAAACAGTTCCAGGGTGG
(SEQ ID NO:266)58-2 1rAAACTGAGGCTGGGAGAGGT
(SEQ ID NO:267)58-2 1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCAAACTGAGGCGGAGAGGT
(SEQ ID NO:268)58-3 1fTGTTCTTCCTCACAGGGAGG
(SEQ ID NO:269)58-3 1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTGTTCTTCCTCACAGGGAGG
(SEQ ID NO:270)58-3 1rTCCCCAAATCTGTCCAGTTC
(SEQ ID NO:271)58-3 1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTCCCCAAATCTGTCCAGTTC
(SEQ ID NO:272)58-4 1fCATACCTGGAGGGATGCTTG
(SEQ ID NO:273)58-4 1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCATACCTGGAGGGATGCTTG
(SEQ ID NO:274)58-4 1rTAGGTTGCTGTGTGGCTTCA
(SEQ ID NO:275)58-4 1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTAGGTTGCTGTGTGGCTTCA
(SEQ ID NO:276)58-5 1fCTTCTGACAAAGCAGAGGCC
(SEQ ID NO:277)58-5 1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCTTCTGACAAAGCAGAGGCC
(SEQ ID NO:278)58-5 1rGCTGTTAGGGTTACCATCGC
(SEQ ID NO:279)58-5 1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCGCTGTTAGGGTTACCATCGC
(SEQ ID NO:280)58-6 1fCCACAGGGTGATATGCTGTC
(SEQ ID NO:281)58-6 1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCCACAGGGTGATATGCTGTC
(SEQ ID NO:282)58-6 1rCGCCTGGCTACTTTGGTACT
(SEQ ID NO:283)58-6 1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCGCCTGGCTACTTTGGTACT
(SEQ ID NO:284)58-7 1fCCAAATGAACCTGGGCAAC
(SEQ ID NO:285)58-7 1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCCAAATGAACCTGGGCAAC
(SEQ ID NO:286)58-7 1rGTCTTGGCTCACTGCAACCT
(SEQ ID NO:287)58-7 1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCGTCTTGGCACTGCAACCT
(SEQ ID NO:288)58-8 1fGCCAAGACTGTGCTACTGCA
(SEQ ID NO:289)58-8 1rCAGGGAGCAGATCTTACCCA
(SEQ ID NO:290)58-9 1fTGGGATTAACTAGGGAGGGG
(SEQ ID NO:291)58-9 1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTGGGATTAACTAGGGAGGGG
(SEQ ID NO:292)58-9 1rTGCTGCTGTCTCCATCTCTG
(SEQ ID NO:293)58-9 1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTGCTGCTGTCTCCATCTCTG
(SEQ ID NO:294)58-10 1fACAGACCAGCAGTGAAACCGT
(SEQ ID NO:295)58-10 1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCACAGACCAGCAGTGAAACCTG
(SEQ ID NO:296)58-10 1rGTTCACTGCAACCTCTGCCT
(SEQ ID NO:297)58-10 1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCGTTCACTGCAACCTCTGCCT
(SEQ ID NO:298)58-11 1fGTTCTCGTAGATGCTTGCAGG
(SEQ ID NO:299)58-11 1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCGTTCTCGTAGATGCTTGCAGG
(SEQ ID NO:300)58-11 1rGAGGCAGGAGGATCACTTGA
(SEQ ID NO:301)58-11 1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCGAGGCAGGAGGATCACTTGA
(SEQ ID NO:302)58-12 1fTGAGCTGAGATCACACCGCT
(SEQ ID NO:303)58-12 1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTGAGCTGAGATCACACCGCT
(SEQ ID NO:304)58-12 1rAGTTGACACTTTGCTGGCCT
(SEQ ID NO:305)58-12 1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCAGTTGACACTTTGCTGGCCT
(SEQ ID NO:306)58-13 1fCTCTGCATGGCTTAGGGACA
(SEQ ID NO:307)58-13 1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCTCTGCATGGCTTAGGGACA
(SEQ ID NO:308)58-13 1rGGCTGCTCTCTGCATTCTCT
(SEQ ID NO:309)58-13 1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCGGCTGCTCTCTGCATTCTCT
(SEQ ID NO:310)58-14 1fCTGGCTTTAGCTTGCATTTCC
(SEQ ID NO:311)58-14 1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCTGGCTTTAGCTTGCATTTCC
(SEQ ID NO:312)58-14 1rTGCCTCAGTTTTCTCACCGT
(SEQ ID NO:313)58-14 1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTGCCTCAGTTTTCTCACCTGT
(SEQ ID NO:314)58-15 1fCAAACAGCCACTGAGCATGT
(SEQ ID NO:315)58-15 1fRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCCAAACAGCCACTGAGCATGT
(SEQ ID NO:316)58-15 1rTCCTCCTGTAGATCCCCAAG
(SEQ ID NO:317)58-15 1rRGCTATGACCATGATTACGCCTCCTCCTGTAGATGCCCAAG
TABLE 8 — Primers designed by microsatellite rescue for genotyping and restriction mapping of the IDDM4 region on chromosome 11q13. The other primers used are published, and are also in the Genome Database.
255CA3FGCCGAGAATTGTCATCTTAACT(SEQ ID NO:318)
255CA3RGGATTGAAAGCTGCAAACTACA(SEQ ID NO:319)
255CA5FGGAGCCACCACATCCAGTTA(SEQ ID NO:320)
255CA5RTGGAGGGATTGCTTGAGG(SEQ ID NO:321)
255CA6FAGGTGTACACCACCATGCCT(SEQ ID NO:322)
255CA6RTGGTGCCAATTATTGCTGC(SEQ ID NO:323)
14LCASFAGATCTTATACACATGTGCGCG(SEQ ID NO:324)
14LCA5RAGGTGACATCACTTACAGCGG(SEQ ID NO:325)
L15CA1FATTACCCAGGCATGGTGC(SEQ ID NO:326)
L15CA1RCAGGCACTTCTTCCAGGTCT(SEQ ID NO:327)
18018ACFAGGGTTACACTGGAGTTTGC(SEQ ID NO:328)
18018ACRAAACCTTCAATGTGTTCATTAAAAC(SEQ ID NO:329)
E0864CAFTCAACTTTATTGGGGGTTTA(SEQ ID NO:330)
E0864CARAAGGTAAAAGTCCAAAATGG(SEQ ID NO:331)
H0570POLYAFGGACAGTCAGTTATTGAAATG(SEQ ID NO:332)
H0560POLYARTTTCCTCTCTGGGAGTCTCT(SEQ ID NO:333)
E0864CA was obtained from the cosmid E0864
H0570POLYA was obtained from the cosmid H0570
255CA5, 255CA3 and 255CA6 were obtained from the PAC255_m_19
14LCA5 and L15CA1 were obtained from the BAC 14_1_15
18018AC was obtained from the PAC 18_o_18
TABLE 10 — Summary of Serum Chemistry Comparison of LRP3 treatment vs control #statistically significantly higher baseline values for controls.
MouseTreatmentp-value
VariableType(% diff ± SE)(Treatment)
triglyceridesWT + KO−30 ± 140.025
alkalineWT + KO−49 ± 150.001
phosphatase#
totalKO only−28 ± 150.073
cholesterol
totalWT only30 ± 130.080
cholesterol
AST#WT + KO8 ± 660.912
ALT#WT + KO−34 ± 510.431
BUNWT + KO−19 ± 150.195
TABLE 11 — Summary for Blood Chemistry Variables Pooled over Knockout and Wild-Type Mice Note means given are geometric means. p-value is from a 2-sided paired t-test.
TreatAnimalbaselinepost-treat% changep-value
VariableGroupTypen(mean ± % CV)(mean ± % CV)tchange(95% CI)(% chg)
trigly (mg/dL)ControlPOOLED1086 ± 13%186 ± 35%100115% (61, 189)<0.001
trigly (mg/dL)LDLPOOLED992 ± 31%81 ± 55%−12−13% (−35, 17)0.321
trigly (mg/dL)LRP3POOLED899 ± 24%128 ± 36%2930% (−10, 86)0.133
alkphos (U/L)ControlPOOLED10190 ± 19%374 ± 30%18497% (68, 130)<0.001
alkphos (U/L)LDLPOOLED9162 ± 12%193 ± 29%3119% (−1, 43)0.061
alkphos (U/L)LRP3POOLED8154 ± 13%146 ± 35%−8−5% (−24, 19)0.604
totchol (mg/dL)ControlPOOLED10116 ± 69%176 ± 86%6051% (21, 89)0.002
totchol (mg/dL)LDLPOOLED9124 ± 58%87 ± 68%−37−30% (−41, −17)0.001
totchol (mg/dL)LRP3POOLED8127 ± 62%166 ± 57%3930% (9, 56)0.009
AST (U/L)ControlPOOLED941 ± 22%821 ± 69%7801894% (1142, 3101)<0.001
AST (U/L)LDLPOOLED841 ± 25%362 ± 61%320772% (369, 1520)<0.001
AST (U/L)LRP3POOLED833 ± 21%989 ± 129%9552888% (953, 8380)<0.001
ALT (U/L)ControlPOOLED1033 ± 15%624 ± 59%5911798% (1203, 2665)<0.001
ALT (U/L)LDLPOOLED832 ± 36%331 ± 42%299938% (447, 1872)<0.001
ALT (U/L)LRP3POOLED825 ± 35%1020 ± 157%9943944% (861, 16921)<0.001
BUN (U/L)ControlPOOLED829 ± 12%23 ± 11%−5−19% (−29, −7)0.008
BUN (U/L)LDLPOOLED928 ± 19%25 ± 14%−3−12% (−22, 1)0.062
BUN (U/L)LRP3POOLED828 ± 12%19 ± 41%−9−31% (−53, 2)0.058
TABLE 12 — Regions of Sequence Similarity Between Human and Mouse LRP-3
Location inNucleotidePercentBLASTExon
Human SequenceLengthIdentityScoreName
Contig 31
20235-202713786140
24410-24432238688
24464-2466720482168, 2236
24904-249955282179
25489-2559610861360
26027-260785280170
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5098 base pairsnucleic acidsinglelinear
1
1 of 65 part labels are ours — the grant heads the rest

Claims as granted

14 claims

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Classifications

7 codes
IPC · International Patent Classification
Section A — Human necessities
  • A61K48/00
  • A61K38/00
Section C — Chemistry; metallurgy
  • C07K14/705
USPC · US Patent Classification
530/350530/300435/320.1435/7.1

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File wrapper

⤢ drag to zoomJan 1998Jul 1998Jan 1999Jul 1999Jan 2000Jul 2000Jan 2001Jul 2001Jan 2002Jul 2002Jan 2003Jul 2003USPTOApplicantRestriction requirementNon-final rejectionResponse after non-finalResponse after final
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Pendency
5.0 y
1,840 days filing → grant
Office actions
2
after a restriction
Responses
2
no RCE
Examiner
W. Gary Jones
art unit 1655 · TC 1600
Citations: 10 back · 6 forward

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Documents

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Chain of title

⤢ drag to zoom200220042006200820102012201420162018Owner 1Owner 3Owner 4Owner 6
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