Provided are a heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1-1 or 1-2, an organic light-emitting device including the heterocyclic compound, and an electronic apparatus including the organic light-emitting device: [structure] Formulae 1-1 and 1-2 may each be understood by referring to the descriptions of Formulae 1-1 and 1-2 provided herein.

Description

44 parts

›CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2021-0023357, filed on Feb. 22, 2021, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the content of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

›BACKGROUND

1. Field

The present disclosure relates to a heterocyclic compound, an organic light-emitting device including the heterocyclic compound, and an electronic apparatus including the organic light-emitting device.

2. Description of the Related Art

Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) are self-emissive devices that, as compared with conventional devices, have wide viewing angles, high contrast ratios, short response times, and excellent brightness, driving voltage, and response speed characteristics, and produce full-color images.

OLEDs include an anode, a cathode, and an organic layer between the anode and the cathode and including an emission layer. A hole transport region may be between the anode and the emission layer, and an electron transport region may be between the emission layer and the cathode. Holes provided from the anode may move toward the emission layer through the hole transport region, and electrons provided from the cathode may move toward the emission layer through the electron transport region. The holes and the electrons recombine in the emission layer to produce excitons. The excitons may transition from an excited state to a ground state, thus generating light.

›SUMMARY

One or more embodiments relate to a heterocyclic compound, an organic light-emitting device including the heterocyclic compound, and an electronic apparatus including the organic light-emitting device.

Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the presented embodiments of the disclosure.

According to an aspect, a heterocyclic compound may be represented by one of Formulae 11, 12, and 14 to 17:

According to one or more embodiments, an organic light-emitting device may include a first electrode, a second electrode, and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer, and the organic light-emitting device may include the heterocyclic compound.

According to an aspect of another embodiment, an electronic apparatus may include the organic light-emitting device.

›BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of certain embodiments of the disclosure will be more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device 1 according to an exemplary embodiment;

FIGS. 2 A- 2 E illustrate the general energy transfer of the First Embodiment ( FIG. 2 A ), the Second Embodiment ( FIG. 2 B ), the Third Embodiment ( FIG. 2 C ), the Fourth Embodiment ( FIG. 2 D ), and the Fifth Embodiment ( FIG. 2 E ); and

FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device 100 according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device 200 according to an exemplary embodiment.

›DETAILED DESCRIPTION · 1 of 27

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. In this regard, the present embodiments may have different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the descriptions set forth herein. Accordingly, the embodiments are merely described below, by referring to the figures, to explain aspects. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Expressions such as “at least one of,” when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “on” another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may be present therebetween In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on” another element, there are no intervening elements present

It will be understood that, although the terms “first,” “second,” “third” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another element, component, region, layer or section Thus, “a first element,” “component,” “region,” “layer” or “section” discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings herein.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, “a,” “an,” “the,” and “at least one” do not denote a limitation of quantity, and are intended to cover both the singular and plural, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. For example, “an element” has the same meaning as “at least one element,” unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

“Or” means “and/or.” As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” or “includes” and/or “including” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

Furthermore, relative terms, such as “lower” or “bottom” and “upper” or “top,” may be used herein to describe one element's relationship to another element as illustrated in the Figures It will be understood that relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in addition to the orientation depicted in the Figures For example, if the device in one of the figures is turned over, elements described as being on the “lower” side of other elements would then be oriented on “upper” sides of the other elements The exemplary term “lower,” can therefore, encompasses both an orientation of “lower” and “upper,” depending on the particular orientation of the figure Similarly, if the device in one of the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements would then be oriented “above” the other elements The exemplary terms “below” or “beneath” can, therefore, encompass both an orientation of above and below.

“About” or “approximately” as used herein is inclusive of the stated value and means within an acceptable range of deviation for the particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, considering the measurement in question and the error associated with measurement of the particular quantity (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, “about” can mean within one or more standard deviations, or within ±30%, 20%, 10% or 5% of the stated value.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and the present disclosure, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

Exemplary embodiments are described herein with reference to cross section illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected Thus, embodiments described herein should not be construed as limited to the particular shapes of regions as illustrated herein but are to include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing. For example, a region illustrated or described as flat may, typically, have rough and/or nonlinear features Moreover, sharp angles that are illustrated may be rounded Thus, the regions illustrated in the figures are schematic in nature and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the precise shape of a region and are not intended to limit the scope of the present claims.

The heterocyclic compound may be represented by Formula 1-1 or 1-2:

wherein, in Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, A 11 and A 13 may each independently be a group represented by Formula 2-1, A 12 may be a group represented by Formula 2-2, and A 14 may be a group represented by Formula 2-3:

wherein, in Formula 2-1 to 2-3, X 11 to X 16 , Y 11 to Y 16 , and Z 11 to Z 16 may each independently be a carbon atom, any suitable two adjacent groups X 13 to X 16 may be *1 and *2 in Formula 1-1 or *5 and *6 in Formula 1-2, and any suitable two adjacent groups Y 13 to Y 16 may be *3 and *4 in Formula 1-1, and any suitable two adjacent groups Z 14 to Z 16 may be *7 and *8 in Formula 1-2.

›DETAILED DESCRIPTION · 2 of 27

In Formula 1-1, B 11 may be a group represented by Formula 2-4:

wherein, in Formula 2-4, W 11 and W 12 may each independently be a carbon atom, and W 11 and W 12 may respectively be *1 and *2 in Formula 1-1.

In Formula 1-2, B 12 may be a group represented by Formula 2-5:

In Formula 2-5, W 13 and W 14 may each independently be a carbon atom, and W 13 and W 14 may respectively be *5 and *6 in Formula 1-2.

In Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, C 11 and C 12 may each independently be a group represented by Formula 2-6:

wherein, in Formula 2-6, W 15 and W 16 may each independently be a carbon atom, and W 15 and W 16 may respectively be *3 and *4 in Formula 1-1 or *7 and *8 in Formula 1-2.

In Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, R 11 to R 19 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF 5 , a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 7 -C 60 alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —Ge(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —C(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —B(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —N(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —P(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —C(═O)(Q 1 ), —S(═O)(Q 1 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 1 ), —P(═O)(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), or —P(═S)(Q 1 )(Q 2 ),

wherein Q 1 to Q 3 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, a C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, a C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, a C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a C 7 -C 60 alkyl aryl group, a C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, a C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a C 1 -C 60 heteroaryloxy group, a C 1 -C 60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group substituted with at least one deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a C 6 -C 60 aryl group, or any combination thereof, or a C 6 -C 60 aryl group substituted with at least one deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a C 6 -C 60 aryl group, or any combination thereof.

In some embodiments, in Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, R 11 to R 19 may each independently be: hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, —SF 5 , a C 1 -C 20 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20 alkenyl group, a C 1 -C 20 alkoxy group, or a C 1 -C 20 alkylthio group;

a C 1 -C 20 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20 alkenyl group, a C 1 -C 20 alkoxy group, or a C 1 -C 20 alkylthio group, each substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD 3 , —CD 2 H, —CDH 2 , —CF 3 , —CF 2 H, —CFH 2 , a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl)cyclopentyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl)cyclohexyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl)cycloheptyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl)cyclooctyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl) adamantanyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl) norbornanyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl) norbornenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl)cyclopentenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl)cyclohexenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl)cycloheptenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl) bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl) bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl) bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl) bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, a phenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl)phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, or any combination thereof; a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, a phenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl)phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, an azadibenzofuranyl group, or an azadibenzothiophenyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD 3 , —CD 2 H, —CDH 2 , —CF 3 , —CF 2 H, —CFH 2 , a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C 1 -C 20 alkyl group, a deuterated C 2 -C 20 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl)cyclopentyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl)cyclohexyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl)cycloheptyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl)cyclooctyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl) adamantanyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl) norbornanyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl) norbornenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl)cyclopentenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl)cyclohexenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl)cycloheptenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl) bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl) bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl) bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl) bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, a phenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl)phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, an azadibenzofuranyl group, an azadibenzothiophenyl group, —Si(Q 21 )(Q 22 )(Q 23 ), —Ge(Q 21 )(Q 22 )(Q 23 ), —C(Q 21 )(Q 22 )(Q 23 ), —B(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), —N(Q 21 )(Q 22 ) or any combination thereof, or —Si(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —Ge(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —C(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —B(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), or —N(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), wherein Q 1 to Q 3 and Q 21 to Q 23 may each independently be: deuterium, —F, —CH 3 , —CD 3 , —CD 2 H, —CDH 2 , —CH 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 CD 3 , —CH 2 CD 2 H, —CH 2 CDH 2 , —CHDCH 3 , —CHDCD 2 H, —CHDCDH 2 , —CHDCD 3 , —CD 2 CD 3 , —CD 2 CD 2 H, —CD 2 CDH 2 , —CF 3 , —CF 2 H, —CFH 2 , —CH 2 CF 3 , —CH 2 CF 2 H, —CH 2 CFH 2 , —CHFCH 3 , —CHFCF 2 H, —CHFCFH 2 , —CHFCF 3 , —CF 2 CF 3 , —CF 2 CF 2 H, or —CF 2 CFH 2 ; or an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a neopentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a 3-pentyl group, a sec-isopentyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or a naphthyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group, a phenyl group, or any combination thereof.

›DETAILED DESCRIPTION · 3 of 27

In some embodiments, in Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, R 11 to R 19 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —CH 3 , —CD 3 , —CD 2 H, —CDH 2 , —CF 3 , —CF 2 H, —CFH 2 , C 2 -C 10 alkenyl group, a C 1 -C 10 alkoxy group, a C 1 -C 10 alkylthio group, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-236, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-236 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-236 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-130, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-130 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-130 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-358, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-358 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-358 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-359 to 10-380, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-359 to 10-380 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-359 to 10-380 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, —Si(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —Ge(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —C(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —B(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), or —N(Q 1 )(Q 2 ),

wherein Q 1 to Q 3 may each independently be: deuterium, —F, —CH 3 , —CD 3 , —CD 2 H, —CDH 2 , —CH 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 CD 3 , —CH 2 CD 2 H, —CH 2 CDH 2 , —CHDCH 3 , —CHDCD 2 H, —CHDCDH 2 , —CHDCD 3 , —CD 2 CD 3 , —CD 2 CD 2 H, —CD 2 CDH 2 , —CF 3 , —CF 2 H, —CFH 2 , —CH 2 CF 3 , —CH 2 CF 2 H, —CH 2 CFH 2 , —CHFCH 3 , —CHFCF 2 H, —CHFCFH 2 , —CHFCF 3 , —CF 2 CF 3 , —CF 2 CF 2 H, or —CF 2 CFH 2 ; or an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a neopentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a 3-pentyl group, a sec-isopentyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or a naphthyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group, a phenyl group, or any combination thereof.

In Formulae 9-1 to 9-39, 9-201 to 9-236, 10-1 to 10-130, and 10-201 to 10-380, * indicates a binding site to an adjacent atom, “Ph” represents a phenyl group, “TMS” and “SiMe 3 ” each represent a trimethylsilyl group, and “TMG” and “GeMe 3 ” each represent a trimethylgermyl group.

The “group represented by Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium” and the “group represented by Formulae 9-201 to 9-236 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium” may each be, for example, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-501 to 9-514 and 9-601 to 9-636:

The “group represented by Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F” and the “group represented by Formulae 9-201 to 9-236 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F” may each be, for example, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-701 to 710:

The “group represented by Formulae 10-1 to 10-130 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with a deuterium” and the “group represented by Formulae 10-201 to 10-358 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium” may each be, for example, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-501 to 576:

The “group represented by Formulae 10-1 to 10-130 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F” and the “group represented by Formulae 10-201 to 10-358 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F” may each be, for example, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-601 to 10-617:

In some embodiments, in Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, R 11 to R 19 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —CH 3 , —CD 3 , —CD 2 H, —CDH 2 , —CF 3 , —CF 2 H, —CFH 2 , a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-130, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-130 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-130 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-359 to 10-380, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-359 to 10-380 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-359 to 10-380 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, —Si(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —Ge(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —C(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —B(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), or —N(Q 1 )(Q 2 ),

›DETAILED DESCRIPTION · 4 of 27

In Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, b11 to b19 may respectively indicate the number of substitution(s) of R 11 to R 19 , and b11, b14, and b19 may each independently be 0, 1, 2, or 3, b12, b15, and b18 may each independently be 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, and b13 and b16 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2, and b17 may be 0 or 1. In Formulae 1-1 and 1-2, when b11 to b19 are each at least two, at least two R 11 (s) to R 19 (s) may be identical to or different from each other.

In the heterocyclic compound, in Formula 1-1, a case where X 14 may be *1, X 15 may be *2, W 12 may be *1, W 11 may be *2, Y 15 may be *3, Y 14 may be *4, W 16 may be *3, and W 15 may be *4 may be excluded.

In some embodiments, a heterocyclic compound may not be represented by Formula X:

wherein, in Formula X, R 11 to R 14 , R 16 , R 18 , R 19 , b11 to b14, b16, b18, and b19 may respectively be understood by referring to the descriptions of R 11 to R 14 , R 16 , R 18 , R 19 , b11 to b14, b16, b18, and b19 provided herein.

In some embodiments, in Formula 1-1, W 11 may be *1, W 12 may be *2, W 15 may be *3, and W 16 may be *4;

in Formula 1-1, W 11 may be *1, W 12 may be *2, W 15 may be *4, and W 16 may be *3; in Formula 1-1, W 11 may be *2, W 11 may be *1, W 15 may be *3, and W 16 may be *4; in Formula 1-2, W 13 may be *6, W 14 may be *5, W 15 may be *8, and W 16 may be *7; in Formula 1-2, W 13 may be *6, W 14 may be *5, W 15 may be *7, and W 16 may be *8; in Formula 1-2, W 13 may be *5, W 14 may be *6, W 15 may be *8, and W 16 may be *7; or in Formula 1-2, W 13 may be *6, W 14 may be *6, W 15 may be *7, and W 16 may be *8.

In some embodiments, the heterocyclic compound may be represented by one of Formulae 11 to 17:

wherein, in Formulae 11 to 17, A 11 to A 14 , R 11 to R 19 , b11 to b19, X 11 , X 12 , Y 11 , Y 12 , and Z 11 to Z 13 may respectively be understood by referring to the descriptions of A 11 to A 14 , R 11 to R 19 , b11 to b19, X 11 , X 12 , Y 11 , Y 12 , and Z 11 to Z 13 provided herein.

In Formulae 11, 12, and 14 to 17,

A 11 and A 13 are each independently a group represented by Formula 2-1, A 12 is a group represented by Formula 2-2, A 14 is a group represented by Formula 2-3,

wherein, in Formulae 2-1 to 2-3,

X 11 to X 16 , Y 11 to Y 16 , and Z 11 to Z 16 are each independently a carbon atom, any suitable two adjacent groups of X 13 to X 16 are respectively *1 and *2 in Formulae 11 and 12 or *5 and *6 in Formulae 14 to 17, any suitable two adjacent groups of Y 13 to Y 16 are respectively *3 and *4 in Formulae 11 and 12, and any suitable two adjacent groups of Z 14 to Z 16 are respectively *7 and *8 in Formulae 14 to 17.

In some embodiments, in Formula 11, i) *1 may be X 13 , *2 may be X 14 , *3 may be Y 13 , and *4 may be Y 14 ; ii) *1 may be X 13 , *2 may be X 14 , *3 may be Y 14 , and *4 may be Y 15 ; iii) *1 may be X 13 , *2 may be X 14 , *3 may be Y 15 , and *4 may be Y 16 ; iv) *1 may be X 14 , *2 may be X 15 , *3 may be Y 13 , and *4 may be Y 14 ; v) *1 may be X 14 , *2 may be X 15 , *3 may be Y 14 , and *4 may be Y 15 ; vi) *1 may be X 14 , *2 may be X 15 , *3 may be Y 15 , and *4 may be Y 16 ; vii) *1 may be X 15 , *2 may be X 16 , *3 may be Y 13 , and *4 may be Y 14 ; viii) *1 may be X 15 , *2 may be X 16 , *3 may be Y 14 , and *4 may be Y 15 ; or ix) *1 may be X 15 , *2 may be X 16 , *3 may be Y 15 , and *4 may be Y 16 .

In some embodiments, in Formula 12, i) *1 may be X 13 , *2 may be X 14 , *3 may be Y 13 , and *4 may be Y 14 ; ii) *1 may be X 13 , *2 may be X 14 , *3 may be Y 14 , and *4 may be Y 15 ; iii) *1 may be X 13 , *2 may be X 14 , *3 may be Y 15 , and *4 may be Y 16 ; iv) *1 may be X 14 , *2 may be X 15 , *3 may be Y 14 , and *4 may be Y 15 ; v) *1 may be X 14 , *2 may be X 15 , *3 may be Y 15 , and *4 may be Y 16 ; or vi) *1 may be X 15 , *2 may be X 16 , *3 may be Y 15 , and *4 may be Y 16 .

In some embodiments, in Formula 13, i) *1 may be X 13 , *2 may be X 14 , *3 may be Y 13 , and *4 may be Y 14 ; ii) *1 may be X 13 , *2 may be X 14 , *3 may be Y 14 , and *4 may be Y 15 ; iii) *1 may be X 13 , *2 may be X 14 , *3 may be Y 15 , and *4 may be Y 16 ; iv) *1 may be X 14 , *2 may be X 15 , *3 may be Y 14 , and *4 may be Y 15 ; v) *1 may be X 14 , *2 may be X 15 , *3 may be Y 15 , and *4 may be Y 16 ; or vi) *1 may be X 15 , *2 may be X 16 , *3 may be Y 15 , and *4 may be Y 16 .

In some embodiments, in Formula 14, i) *5 may be X 13 , *6 may be X 14 , *7 may be Z 14 , and *8 may be Z 15 ; ii) *5 may be X 13 , *6 may be X 14 , *7 may be Z 15 , and *8 may be Z 16 ; iii) *5 may be X 14 , *6 may be X 15 , *7 may be Z 14 , and *8 may be Z 15 ; iv) *5 may be X 14 , *6 may be X 15 , *7 may be Z 15 , and *8 may be Z 16 ; v) *5 may be X 15 , *6 may be X 16 , *7 may be Z 14 , and *8 may be Z 15 ; or vi) *5 may be X 15 , *6 may be X 16 , *7 may be Z 15 , and *8 may be Z 16 .

In some embodiments, in Formula 15, i) *5 may be X 13 , *6 may be X 14 , *7 may be Z 14 , and *8 may be Z 15 ; ii) *5 may be X 13 , *6 may be X 14 , *7 may be Z 15 , and *8 may be Z 16 ; iii) *5 may be X 14 , *6 may be X 15 , *7 may be Z 14 , and *8 may be Z 15 ; iv) *5 may be X 14 , *6 may be X 15 , *7 may be Z 15 , and *8 may be Z 16 ; v) *5 may be X 15 , *6 may be X 16 , *7 may be Z 14 , and *8 may be Z 15 ; or vi) *5 may be X 15 , *6 may be X 16 , *7 may be Z 15 , and *8 may be Z 16 .

In some embodiments, in Formula 16, i) *5 may be X 13 , *6 may be X 14 , *7 may be Z 14 , and *8 may be Z 15 ; ii) *5 may be X 13 , *6 may be X 14 , *7 may be Z 15 , and *8 may be Z 16 ; iii) *5 may be X 14 , *6 may be X 15 , *7 may be Z 14 , and *8 may be Z 15 ; iv) *5 may be X 14 , *6 may be X 15 , *7 may be Z 15 , and *8 may be Z 16 ; v) *5 may be X 15 , *6 may be X 16 , *7 may be Z 14 , and *8 may be Z 15 ; or vi) *5 may be X 15 , *6 may be X 16 , *7 may be Z 15 , and *8 may be Z 16 .

In some embodiments, in Formula 17, i) *5 may be X 13 , *6 may be X 14 , *7 may be Z 14 , and *8 may be Z 15 ; ii) *5 may be X 13 , *6 may be X 14 , *7 may be Z 15 , and *8 may be Z 16 ; iii) *5 may be X 14 , *6 may be X 15 , *7 may be Z 14 , and *8 may be Z 15 ; iv) *5 may be X 14 , *6 may be X 15 , *7 may be Z 15 , and *8 may be Z 16 ; v) *5 may be X 15 , *6 may be X 16 , *7 may be Z 14 , and *8 may be Z 15 ; or vi) *5 may be X 15 , *6 may be X 16 , *7 may be Z 15 , and *8 may be Z 16 .

›DETAILED DESCRIPTION · 5 of 27

In some embodiments, the heterocyclic compound may be represented by one of Formulae 11-1 to 11-9, 12-1 to 12-6, 13-1 to 13-5, 14-1 to 14-6, 15-1 to 15-6, 16-1 to 16-6, and 17-1 to 17-6:

wherein, in Formulae 11-1 to 11-9, 12-1 to 12-6, 13-1 to 13-5, 14-1 to 14-6, 15-1 to 15-6, 16-1 to 16-6, and 17-1 to 17-6,

R 11a to R 11c may each be understood by referring to the description of R 11 provided herein,

R 12a to R 12d may each be understood by referring to the description of R 12 provided herein,

R 13a and R 13b may each be understood by referring to the description of R 13 provided herein,

R 14a to R 14c may each be understood by referring to the description of R 14 provided herein,

R 15a to R 15d may each be understood by referring to the description of R 15 provided herein,

R 16a and R 16b may each be understood by referring to the description of R 16 provided herein,

R 17a may be understood by referring to the description of R 17 provided herein,

R 18a to R 18d may each be understood by referring to the description of R 18 provided herein, and

R 19a to R 19c may each be understood by referring to the description of R 19 provided herein.

In some embodiments, at least one of R 11b , R 12c , R 14b , R 18b , and R 19b in Formulae 11-1, 11-2, and 11-5, at least one of R 11b , R 12c , R 14b , R 16b , R 18b , and R 19b in Formulae 11-3 and 11-6, at least one of R 11b , R 12c , R 14b , R 16a , R 18b , and R 19b in Formula 11-4, at least one of R 11b , R 12c , R 13a , R 13b , R 14b , R 18b and R 19b in Formulae 11-7, 11-8, and 11-9, at least one of R 11b , R 12c , R 14b , R 18c , and R 19b in Formulae 12-1, 12-2, and 12-4, at least one of R 11b , R 12c , R 14b , R 16b , R 18c , and R 19b in Formula 12-3, at least one of R 11b , R 12c , R 14b , R 16a , R 16b , R 18c , and R 19b in Formula 12-5, at least one of R 11b , R 12c , R 13a , R 13b , R 14b , R 16a , R 16b , R 18c , and R 19b in Formulae 12-6, 13-1, and 13-3, at least one of R 11b , R 12c , R 13a , R 13b , R 14b , R 18c , and R 19b in Formula 13-2, at least one of R 11b , R 12c , R 14b , R 16a , R 18c , and R 19b in Formula 13-4, at least one of R 11b , R 12c , R 13b , R 14b , R 16a , R 18c , and R 19b in Formula 13-5, at least one of R 11b , R 12c , R 15c , R 18b , and R 19b in Formulae 14-1, 14-2, 14-3, 14-4, 15-3, 15-4, 16-1, 16-2, 16-3, 16-4, 17-3, and 17-4, at least one of R 11b , R 12c , R 13a , R 13b , R 15c , R 18b , and R 19b in Formulae 14-5, 14-6, 16-5, and 16-6, at least one of R 11b , R 12c , R 13a , R 15c , R 18b , and R 19b in Formulae 15-1, 15-2, 17-1, and 17-2, and at least one of R 11b , R 12c , R 13b , R 15c , R 18b , and R 19b in Formulae 15-5, 15-6, 17-5, and 17-6 may be —CH 3 , —CD 3 , —CD 2 H, —CDH 2 , —CF 3 , —CF 2 H, —CFH 2 , a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-130, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-130 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-130 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, —Si(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —Ge(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —C(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —B(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), or —N(Q 1 )(Q 2 ),

›DETAILED DESCRIPTION · 6 of 27

the remaining substituents may each be hydrogen:

wherein, in Formulae A-1 to A-29,

R may be hydrogen, CN, a methyl group, a t-butyl group, or a phenyl group,

x may be an integer from 1 to 5, and

* indicates a binding site to an adjacent atom.

In some embodiments, the heterocyclic compound may be of Groups HC1 to HC10: Group HC1

The heterocyclic compound may be represented by Formula 11-2, and substituents may be defined as shown in Table 1.

Group HC2

The heterocyclic compound may be represented by Formula 11-5, and substituents may be defined as shown in Table 2.

Group HC3

The heterocyclic compound may be represented by Formula 12-1, and substituents may be defined as shown in Table 3.

Group HC4

The heterocyclic compound may be represented by Formula 12-2, and substituents may be defined as shown in Table 4.

Group HC5

The heterocyclic compound may be represented by Formula 12-4, and substituents may be defined as shown in Table 5.

Group HC6

The heterocyclic compound may be represented by Formula 14-1, and substituents may be defined as shown in Table A

Group HC7

The heterocyclic compound may be represented by Formula 14-3, and substituents may be defined as shown in Table 7.

Group HC8

The heterocyclic compound may be represented by Formula 15-4, and substituents may be defined as shown in Table 8.

Group HC9

The heterocyclic compound may be represented by Formula 16-4, and substituents may be defined as shown in Table 9.

Group HC10

The heterocyclic compound may be represented by Formula 17-4, and substituents may be defined as shown in Table 10.

In Tables 1 to 10, “H” represents hydrogen, “CN” represents a cyano group, “Me” represents a methyl group, “t-Bu” represents a t-butyl group, “Ph” represents a phenyl group, and “4-t-BuPh”, “1,3-di-t-BuPh”, “9-Cbz”, “DPA”, “2-DBF”, and “2-DBT” may be represented by as follows:

wherein, in “4-t-BuPh”, “1,3-di-t-BuPh”, “9-Cbz”, “DPA”, “2-DBF”, and “2-DBT”, * indicates a binding site to an adjacent atom.

In some embodiments, the heterocyclic compound may be represented by one of Formulae 11, 12, and 14 to 17, in Formula 11, ii) *1 may be X 13 , *2 may be X 14 , *3 may be Y 14 , and *4 may be Y 15 , or v) *1 may be X 14 , *2 may be X 15 , *3 may be Y 14 , and *4 may be Y 15 ; in Formula 12, i) *1 may be X 13 , *2 may be X 14 , *3 may be Y 13 , and *4 may be Y 14 , ii) *1 may be X 13 , *2 may be X 14 , *3 may be Y 14 , and *4 may be Y 15 , or iv) *1 may be X 14 , *2 may be X 15 , *3 may be Y 14 , and *4 may be Y 15 ; in Formula 14, i) *5 may be X 13 , *6 may be X 14 , *7 may be Z 14 , and *8 may be Z 15 , iii) *5 may be X 14 , *6 may be X 15 , *7 may be Z 14 , and *8 may be Z 15 , or iv) *5 may be X 14 , *6 may be X 15 , *7 may be Z 15 , and *8 may be Z 16 ; in Formula 15, iii) *5 may be X 14 , *6 may be X 15 , *7 may be Z 14 , and *8 may be Z 15 ; in Formula 16, iii) *5 may be X 14 , *6 may be X 15 , *7 may be Z 14 , and *8 may be Z 15 ; or iv) *5 may be X 14 , *6 may be X 15 , *7 may be Z 15 , and *8 may be Z 16 , and in Formula 17, iv) *5 may be X 14 , *6 may be X 15 , *7 may be Z 15 , and *8 may be Z 16 ,

In some embodiments, the heterocyclic compound may be represented by one of Formulae 11-2, 11-5, 12-1, 12-2, 12-4, 14-1, 14-3, 14-4, 15-3, 16-3, 16-4, and 17-4.

In some embodiments, in Formulae 11-2, 11-5, 12-1, 12-2, 12-4, 14-1, 14-3, 14-4, 15-3, 16-3, 16-4, and 17-4, Rita to R 11c , R 12a to R 12d , R 13a and R 13b , R 14a to R 14c , R 15a to R 15d , R 16a and R 16b , R 17a , R 18a to R 18d , and R 19a to R 19c may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, —SF 5 , a C 1 -C 20 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20 alkenyl group, a C 1 -C 20 alkoxy group, or a C 1 -C 20 alkylthio group;

›DETAILED DESCRIPTION · 7 of 27

a C 1 -C 20 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20 alkenyl group, a C 1 -C 20 alkoxy group, or a C 1 -C 20 alkylthio group, each substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD 3 , —CD 2 H, —CDH 2 , —CF 3 , —CF 2 H, —CFH 2 , a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl)cyclopentyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl)cyclohexyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl)cycloheptyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl)cyclooctyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl) adamantanyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl) norbornanyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl) norbornenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl)cyclopentenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl)cyclohexenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl)cycloheptenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl) bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl) bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl) bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl) bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, a phenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl)phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, or any combination thereof; a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, a phenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl)phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, an azadibenzofuranyl group, or an azadibenzothiophenyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD 3 , —CD 2 H, —CDH 2 , —CF 3 , —CF 2 H, —CFH 2 , a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C 1 -C 20 alkyl group, a deuterated C 2 -C 20 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl group, a bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl)cyclopentyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl)cyclohexyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl)cycloheptyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl)cyclooctyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl) adamantanyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl) norbornanyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl) norbornenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl)cyclopentenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl)cyclohexenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl)cycloheptenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl) bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl) bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl) bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl) bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl group, a phenyl group, a (C 1 -C 20 alkyl)phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, an azadibenzofuranyl group, an azadibenzothiophenyl group, or any combination thereof; or —Si(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —Ge(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —C(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —B(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), or —N(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), wherein Q 1 to Q 3 may each independently be: deuterium, —F, —CH 3 , —CD 3 , —CD 2 H, —CDH 2 , —CH 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 CD 3 , —CH 2 CD 2 H, —CH 2 CDH 2 , —CHDCH 3 , —CHDCD 2 H, —CHDCDH 2 , —CHDCD 3 , —CD 2 CD 3 , —CD 2 CD 2 H, —CD 2 CDH 2 , —CF 3 , —CF 2 H, —CFH 2 , —CH 2 CF 3 , —CH 2 CF 2 H, —CH 2 CFH 2 , —CHFCH 3 , —CHFCF 2 H, —CHFCFH 2 , —CHFCF 3 , —CF 2 CF 3 , —CF 2 CF 2 H, or —CF 2 CFH 2 ; or an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a neopentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a 3-pentyl group, a sec-isopentyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or a naphthyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group, a phenyl group, or any combination thereof.

›DETAILED DESCRIPTION · 8 of 27

In some embodiments, in Formulae 11-2, 11-5, 12-1, 12-2, 12-4, 14-1, 14-3, 14-4, 15-3, 16-3, 16-4, and 17-4, R 11a to R 11c , R 12a to R 12d , R 13a and R 13b , R 14a to R 14c , R 15a to R 15d , R 16a and R 16b , R 17a , R 18a to R 18d , and R 19a to R 19c may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —CH 3 , —CD 3 , —CD 2 H, —CDH 2 , —CF 3 , —CF 2 H, —CFH 2 , a C 2 -C 10 alkenyl group, a C 1 -C 10 alkoxy group, a C 1 -C 10 alkylthio group, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-236, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-236 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-201 to 9-236 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-130, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-130 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-130 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-358, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-358 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-201 to 10-358 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, —Si(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —Ge(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —C(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —B(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), or —N(Q 1 )(Q 2 ),

In some embodiments, in Formulae 11-2, 11-5, 12-1, 12-2, 12-4, 14-1, 14-3, 14-4, 15-3, 16-3, 16-4, and 17-4, at least one of R 11b , R 12c , R 14b , R 18b , and R 19b in Formulae 11-2 and 11-5, at least one of R 11b , R 12c , R 14b , R 18c , and R 19b in Formulae 12-1, 12-2, and 12-4, and at least one of R 11b , R 12c , R 15c , R 18b , and R 19b in Formulae 14-1, 14-3, 14-4, 15-3, 16-3, 16-4, and 17-4 may be —CH 3 , —CD 3 , —CD 2 H, —CDH 2 , —CF 3 , —CF 2 H, —CFH 2 , a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 9-1 to 9-39 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-130, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-130 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium, a group represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-130 in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with —F, —Si(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —Ge(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —C(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —B(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), or —N(Q 1 )(Q 2 ),

›DETAILED DESCRIPTION · 9 of 27

In some embodiments, the heterocyclic compound may be represented by Formula 11-5.

In some embodiments, the heterocyclic compound may be Group HC2, and in some embodiments, the heterocyclic compound may be Compound 115001 or 115002.

The heterocyclic compound may include three of partial structure represented by

(hereinafter, referred to as an “ICz partial structure”). Accordingly, the heterocyclic compound may have improved multi-resonance characteristics, as compared with a compound including one or two of ICz partial structure. Thus, regardless of ΔE ST value, a rate of reverse inter system crossing (RISC) may increase. Therefore, an organic light-emitting device including the heterocyclic compound may have improved efficiency.

In addition, as the heterocyclic compound may have improved multi-resonance characteristics, the heterocyclic compound may have a relatively small full width at half maximum (FWHM). Thus, an organic light-emitting device including the heterocyclic compound may have an improved colorimetric purity and/or conversion efficiency. For example, a FWHM of the heterocyclic compound may be smaller than 35 nm. In some embodiments, a FWHM of the heterocyclic compound may be 15 nm or less, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

The heterocyclic compound may satisfy Conditions 1 to 4:

Δ E ST >ΔE ST2 +ΔE′ TT Condition 1

0 eV<Δ E ST2 +ΔE′ TT ≤1.0 eV Condition 2

0 eV<Δ E′ TT ≤0.30 eV Condition 3

Δ E ST2 >0 eV Condition 4

wherein, in Conditions 1 to 4, ΔE ST indicates a difference between a lowest excited singlet energy level calculated in an S 1 equilibrium structure of the heterocyclic compound and a lowest excited triplet energy level calculated in a T 1 equilibrium structure of the heterocyclic compound, ΔE ST2 indicates a difference between a lowest excited singlet energy level calculated in an S 1 equilibrium structure of the heterocyclic compound and a second lowest excited triplet energy level calculated in a T 2 equilibrium structure of the heterocyclic compound, and ΔE′ TT indicates a difference between a second lowest excited triplet energy level calculated in an T 2 equilibrium structure of the heterocyclic compound and a lowest excited triplet energy level calculated in a T 2 equilibrium structure of the heterocyclic compound.

The equilibrium structure is optimized according to the Turbomole program ([F. Furche et al. WIRESs: Comput. Mol. Sci. 4, 91-100 (2014)]) In some embodiments, structure optimization for T 1 , T 2 , and S 1 states was performed according to a time-dependent density functional theory (DFT) by using the PBE0 function under Tamm-Dancoff approximation. To obtain normal modes, frequency calculation was performed, and a lowest energy structure was identified. By using the Q-Chem program ([Y. Shao et al. Mol. Phys. 113, 184-215 (2015)]), the nonadiabatic coupling between the excited triplet state and the T 1 state was calculated. In addition, the spin-orbit coupling between TDDFT states was calculated by using the Q-Chem program according to one-electron Breit-Pauli spin-orbit operator. The def2-SVP basis set was used for all atoms.

In some embodiments, the heterocyclic compound may satisfy Condition 3A:

0 eV<Δ E′ TT ≤0.15 eV Condition 3A

wherein, in Condition 3A, ΔE′ TT may be understood by referring to the description of ΔE′ TT provided herein.

In general, compounds having a relatively small ΔE ST value may emit thermal activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). However, even though the ΔE ST value of the heterocyclic compound is relatively great, as the the heterocyclic compound may satisfy Conditions 1 to 4, the heterocyclic compound may emit TADF, and an organic light-emitting device including the heterocyclic compound may have improved efficiency.

Furthermore, by using the heterocyclic compound as a sensitizer, energy transferred to a triplet state may undergo RISC to a singlet state. Then, the singlet energy of the heterocyclic compound may be transferred to a dopant by Förster energy transfer. Thus, the organic light-emitting device may have improved efficiency and lifespan at the same time.

›DETAILED DESCRIPTION · 10 of 27

When heterocyclic compound serves as a dopant in an organic light-emitting device, the heterocyclic compound may emit blue light, e.g., blue light having a maximum emission wavelength of about 550 nm or less, for example, blue light having a maximum emission wavelength in a range of about 400 nm to about 500 nm, for example, about 420 nm to about 480 nm, or for example, 460 nm or less. The “maximum emission wavelength” as used herein refers to a wavelength of which the emission intensity is greatest. In other words, the “maximum emission wavelength” may be referred to as “peak emission wavelength”.

When the heterocyclic compound serves as a dopant in an organic light-emitting device, CIEy of the organic light-emitting device may be about 0.07 or less, for example, about 0.061 or less.

A method of synthesizing the heterocyclic compound may be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art by referring to Synthesis Examples provided herein.

The heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may be suitable for use in an organic layer of an organic light-emitting device, e.g., as a dopant in an emission layer of the organic layer. Thus, according to another aspect, there is provided an organic light-emitting device that may include: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the organic layer includes an emission layer and at least one of the heterocyclic compound.

Since the organic light-emitting device has an organic layer including the heterocyclic compound, the organic light-emitting device may have a low driving voltage, high efficiency, high power, high quantum efficiency, long lifespan, low roll-off, and excellent color purity.

The heterocyclic compound may be used in a pair of electrodes of an organic light-emitting device. In some embodiments, the heterocyclic compound may be included in an emission layer. In this embodiment, the heterocyclic compound may serve as a dopant and the emission layer may further include a host (that is, an amount of the heterocyclic compound may be smaller than that of the host).

As used herein, the expression the “(organic layer) includes at least one of the heterocyclic compounds” may be construed as meaning that the “(organic layer) may include one heterocyclic compound of Formula 1-1 or 1-2 or two different heterocyclic compounds of Formula 1-1 or 1-2”.

For example, the organic layer may include Compound 115001 only as the heterocyclic compound. In this embodiment, Compound 115001 may be included in the emission layer of the organic light-emitting device. In some embodiments, the organic layer may include Compounds 115001 and 115002 as the heterocyclic compounds. In this embodiment, Compounds 115001 and 115002 may both be included in the same layer (for example, both Compounds 115001 and 115002 may be included in the emission layer).

The first electrode may be an anode, which is a hole injection electrode, and the second electrode may be a cathode, which is an electron injection electrode. In some embodiments, the first electrode may be a cathode, which is an electron injection electrode, and the second electrode may be an anode, which is a hole injection electrode.

For example, in the organic light-emitting device, the first electrode may be an anode, the second electrode may be a cathode, and the organic layer may further include a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer and an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode, wherein the hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, or a combination thereof, and the electron transport region may include a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, a buffer layer, or a combination thereof.

The term “organic layer” as used herein refers to a single and/or a plurality of layers disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode in an organic light-emitting device. The “organic layer” may include not only organic compounds but also organometallic complexes including metals.

In some embodiments, the heterocyclic compound may emit fluorescence and/or delayed fluorescence. The emission layer that may emit fluorescence and/or delayed fluorescence is different from an emission layer that may emit phosphorescence.

Description of FIG. 1

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device 10 according to an exemplary embodiment. Hereinafter a structure and a method of manufacturing the organic light-emitting device 10 , according to an embodiment, will be described with reference to FIG. 1 .

In FIG. 1 , an organic light-emitting device 10 includes a first electrode 11 , a second electrode 19 facing the first electrode 11 , and an organic layer 10 A between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 19 .

In FIG. 1 , the organic layer 10 A includes an emission layer 15 , a hole transport region 12 is between the first electrode 11 and an emission layer 15 , and an electron transport region 17 is between the emission layer 15 and the second electrode 19 .

A substrate may be additionally disposed under the first electrode 11 or on the second electrode 19 . The substrate may be a conventional substrate used in organic light-emitting devices, e.g., a glass substrate or a transparent plastic substrate, each having excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surface smoothness, ease of handling, and water repellency.

First Electrode 11

The first electrode 11 may be produced by depositing or sputtering, onto the substrate, a material for forming the first electrode 11 . The first electrode 11 may be an anode. The material for forming the first electrode 11 may be materials with a high work function for easy hole injection.

The first electrode 11 may be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode. When the first electrode 11 is a transmissive electrode, a material for forming the first electrode 11 may be indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO 2 ), zinc oxide (ZnO), or any combinations thereof, but embodiments are not limited thereto. In some embodiments, when the first electrode 11 is a semi-transmissive electrode or a reflective electrode, as a material for forming the first electrode 11 , at least one of magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag), or any combination thereof may be used, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

›DETAILED DESCRIPTION · 11 of 27

The first electrode 11 may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including a plurality of layers.

Emission Layer 15

In some embodiments, the emission layer 15 may include the heterocyclic compound.

The thickness of the emission layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, and in some embodiments, about 200 Å to about 600 Å. When the thickness of the emission layer is within any of these ranges, improved luminescence characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

First Embodiment—Descriptions of FIG. 2 A

In the First Embodiment, the heterocyclic compound may be a fluorescence emitter. According to the First Embodiment, the emission layer may further include a host (hereinafter, referred to as ‘Host A’, and Host A may not be identical to the heterocyclic compound). Host A may be understood by referring to the description of the host material provided herein, but embodiments are not limited thereto. Host A may be a fluorescent host.

General energy transfer of the First Embodiment may be explained according to FIG. 2 A .

Singlet excitons may be produced from Host A in the emission layer, and singlet excitons produced from Host A may be transferred to a fluorescence emitter through Förster energy transfer (FRET).

A ratio of singlet excitons produced from Host A may be 25%, and thus, 75% of triplet excitons produced from Host A may be fused to one another to be converted into singlet excitons. Thus, efficiency of the organic light-emitting device may be further improved. That is, efficiency of an organic light-emitting device may be further improved by using a triplet-triplet fusion mechanism.

According to the First Embodiment, a ratio of emission components emitted from the heterocyclic compound to the total emission components emitted from the emission layer may be about 80% or greater, for example, about 90% or greater. In some embodiments, a ratio of emission components emitted from the heterocyclic compound may be about 95% or greater to the total emission components emitted from the emission layer.

The heterocyclic compound may emit fluorescence, and the host may not emit light.

In the First Embodiment, when the emission layer further includes Host A, in addition to the heterocyclic compound, a content of the heterocyclic compound may be 50 parts by weight or less, e.g., 30 parts by weight or less, based on 100 parts by weight of the emission layer, and a content of Host A in the emission layer may be 50 parts by weight or greater, e.g., 70 parts by weight or greater, based on 100 parts by weight of the emission layer, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In the First Embodiment, when the emission layer further includes Host A, in addition to the heterocyclic compound, Host A and the heterocyclic compound may satisfy Condition A:

E ( H A ) S1 >E S1 Condition A

wherein, in Condition A,

E(H A ) S1 indicates a lowest excited singlet energy level of Host A, and E S1 indicates a lowest excited singlet energy level of the heterocyclic compound.

Here, E(H A ) S1 and E S1 may be evaluated by using Gaussian according to density functional theory (DFT) method (wherein structure optimization is performed at a degree of B3LYP, and 6-31G (d,p)).

Second Embodiment—Descriptions of FIG. 2 B

In the Second Embodiment, the heterocyclic compound may be a delayed fluorescence emitter. According to the Second Embodiment, the emission layer may further include a host (hereinafter, referred to as ‘Host B’, and Host B may not be identical to the heterocyclic compound). Host B may be understood by referring to the description of the host material provided herein, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

General energy transfer of the Second Embodiment may be explained according to FIG. 2 B .

25% of singlet excitons produced from Host B in the emission layer may be transferred to a delayed fluorescence emitter through FRET. In addition, 75% of triplet excitons produced from Host B in the emission layer may be transferred to a delayed fluorescence emitter through Dexter energy transfer. Energy transferred to a triplet state of a delayed fluorescence emitter may undergo RISC to a singlet state. Accordingly, singlet excitons and triplet excitons produced from the emission layer may be transferred to the heterocyclic compound. Thus, the organic light-emitting device may have improved efficiency.

Thus, according to the Second Embodiment, a ratio of emission components emitted from the heterocyclic compound to the total emission components emitted from the emission layer may be about 80% or greater, for example, about 90% or greater. In some embodiments, a ratio of emission components emitted from the heterocyclic compound may be about 95% or greater to the total emission components emitted from the emission layer.

Here, the heterocyclic compound may emit fluorescence and/or delayed fluorescence, and the emission components of the heterocyclic compound may be a total of prompt emission components of the heterocyclic compound and delayed fluorescence components by RISC of the heterocyclic compound. In addition, Host B may not emit light.

In the Second Embodiment, when the emission layer further includes Host B, in addition to the heterocyclic compound, a content of the heterocyclic compound may be 50 parts by weight or less, e.g., 30 parts by weight or less, based on 100 parts by weight of the emission layer, and a content of Host B in the emission layer may be 50 parts by weight or greater, e.g., 70 parts by weight or greater, based on 100 parts by weight of the emission layer, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In the Second Embodiment, when the emission layer further includes Host B, in addition to the heterocyclic compound, Host B and the heterocyclic compound may satisfy Condition B:

E ( H B ) S1 >E S1 Condition B

wherein, in Condition B, E(H B ) S1 indicates a lowest excited singlet energy level of Host B, and E S1 indicates a lowest excited singlet energy level of the heterocyclic compound.

›DETAILED DESCRIPTION · 12 of 27

Here, E(H B ) S1 and E S1 may be evaluated by using Gaussian according to density functional theory (DFT) method (wherein structure optimization is performed at a degree of B3LYP, and 6-31G (d,p)).

Third Embodiment and Fourth Embodiment

Third Embodiment—Descriptions of FIG. 2 C

In the Third Embodiment, the heterocyclic compound may be used as a fluorescence emitter, and the emission layer may include a sensitizer, e.g., a delayed fluorescence sensitizer. In the Third Embodiment, the emission layer may further include a host (hereinafter, the host may be referred to as ‘Host C’, and Host C may not be identical to the heterocyclic compound and the sensitizer) and a sensitizer (hereinafter, the sensitizer may be referred to as ‘Sensitizer A’, and Sensitizer A may not be identical to Host C and the heterocyclic compound). Host C and Sensitizer A may respectively be understood by referring to the description of the host material and the sensitizer material provided herein, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In the Third Embodiment, a ratio of emission components of the heterocyclic compound may be about 80% or greater, for example, about 90% or greater (or for example, about 95% or greater) to the total emission components emitted from the emission layer. For example, the heterocyclic compound may emit fluorescence. In addition, Host C and Sensitizer A may not each emit light.

General energy transfer of the Third Embodiment may be explained according to FIG. 2 C .

Singlet and triplet excitons may be produced from Host C in the emission layer, and singlet and triplet excitons produced from Host C may be transferred to Sensitizer A and then to the heterocyclic compound through FRET. 25% of singlet excitons produced from Host C may be transferred to Sensitizer A through FRET, and energy of 75% of triplet excitons produced from Host C may be transferred to singlet and triplet states of Sensitizer A. Energy transferred to a triplet state of Sensitizer A may undergo RISC to a singlet state, and then, singlet energy of Sensitizer A may be transferred to the heterocyclic compound through FRET.

Accordingly, singlet excitons and triplet excitons produced from the emission layer may be transferred to the dopant. Thus, the organic light-emitting device may have improved efficiency. Further, energy loss of the organic light-emitting device may be significantly small. Thus, the organic light-emitting device may have improved lifespan characteristics.

In the Third Embodiment, when the emission layer further includes Host C and Sensitizer A, in addition to the heterocyclic compound, Host C and Sensitizer A may satisfy Condition C-1 and/or C-2:

S 1 ( H C )≥ S 1 ( S A ) Condition C-1

S 1 ( S A )≥ S 1 ( HC ) Condition C-2

wherein, in Conditions C-1 and C-2,

S 1 (H C ) indicates a lowest excited singlet energy level of Host C, S 1 (S A ) indicates a lowest excited singlet energy level of Sensitizer A, and S 1 (HC) indicates a lowest excited singlet energy level of the heterocyclic compound.

S 1 (H C ), S 1 (S A ), and S 1 (HC) may be evaluated according to the DFT method, wherein structure optimization is performed at a degree of B3LYP, and 6-31G (d,p), for example, according to Gaussian according to DFT method.

When Host C, Sensitizer A, and the heterocyclic compound satisfy Condition C-1 and/or C-2, FRET from Sensitizer A to the heterocyclic compound may be facilitated, and accordingly, the organic light-emitting device may have improved luminescence efficiency.

Fourth Embodiment—Descriptions of FIG. 2 D

In the Fourth Embodiment, the heterocyclic compound may be used as a fluorescence emitter, and the emission layer may include a sensitizer, e.g., a phosphorescence sensitizer. In the Fourth Embodiment, the emission layer may further include a host (hereinafter, the host may be referred to as ‘Host D’, and Host D may not be identical to the heterocyclic compound and the sensitizer) and a sensitizer (hereinafter, the sensitizer may be referred to as ‘Sensitizer B’, and Sensitizer B may not be identical to Host D and the heterocyclic compound). Host D and Sensitizer B may respectively be understood by referring to the description of the host material and the sensitizer material provided herein, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In the Fourth Embodiment, a ratio of emission components of the heterocyclic compound may be about 80% or greater, for example, about 90% or greater (or for example, about 95% or greater) to the total emission components emitted from the emission layer. For example, the heterocyclic compound may emit fluorescence. In addition, Host D and Sensitizer B may not each emit light.

General energy transfer of the Fourth Embodiment may be explained according to FIG. 2 D .

75% of triplet excitons produced from Host D in the emission layer may be transferred to Sensitizer B through Dexter energy transfer, and the energy of 25% of singlet excitons produced from Host D may be transferred to singlet and triplet states of Sensitizer B. Energy transferred to a singlet state of Sensitizer B may undergo ISC to a triplet state, and then, triplet energy of Sensitizer B may be transferred to the heterocyclic compound through FRET.

In the Third Embodiment, when the emission layer further includes Host D and Sensitizer B, in addition to the heterocyclic compound, Host D and Sensitizer B may satisfy Condition D-1 and/or D-2:

T 1 ( H D )≥ T 1 ( S B ) Condition D-1

T 1 ( S B )≥ S 1 ( HC ) Condition D-2

wherein, in Conditions D-1 and D-2, T 1 (H D ) indicates a lowest excited triplet energy level of Host D, T 1 (S B ) indicates a lowest excited triplet energy level of Sensitizer B, and S 1 (HC) indicates a lowest excited singlet energy level of the heterocyclic compound. T 1 (H D ), T 1 (S B ), and S 1 (HC) may be evaluated according to the DFT method, wherein structure optimization is performed at a degree of B3LYP, and 6-31G (d,p), for example, according to Gaussian according to DFT method.

›DETAILED DESCRIPTION · 13 of 27

When Host D, Sensitizer B, and the heterocyclic compound satisfy Condition D-1 and/or D-2, FRET from Sensitizer B to the heterocyclic compound may be facilitated, and accordingly, the organic light-emitting device may have improved luminescence efficiency.

In the Third Embodiment and the Fourth Embodiment, a content of the sensitizer in the emission layer may be in a range of about 5 percent by weight (wt %) to about 50 wt %, or for example, about 10 wt % to about 30 wt %. When the content is within this range, energy transfer in the emission layer may be effectively occurred. Thus, the organic light-emitting device may have high efficiency and long lifespan.

In the Third Embodiment and the Fourth Embodiment, a content of the heterocyclic compound in the emission layer may be in a range of about 0.01 wt % to about 15 wt %, or for example, about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt %, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In the Third Embodiment and the Fourth Embodiment, the heterocyclic compound may further satisfy Condition 5:

0μ s<T decay ( HC )<5μ s Condition 5

wherein, in Condition 5, T decay (HC) indicates a decay time of the heterocyclic compound.

The decay time of the heterocyclic compound was measured from a time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectrum at room temperature of a film (hereinafter, referred to as “Film (HC)”) having a thickness of about 40 nm formed by vacuum-depositing the host and the heterocyclic compound included in the emission layer on a quartz substrate at a weight ratio of 90:10 at a vacuum pressure of 10 −7 torr.

Fifth Embodiment—Descriptions of FIG. 2 E

In the Fifth Embodiment, the heterocyclic compound may be used as a delayed fluorescence emitter, and the emission layer may include a sensitizer, e.g., a delayed fluorescence sensitizer. In the Fifth Embodiment, the emission layer may further include a host (hereinafter, the host may be referred to as ‘Host E’, and Host E may not be identical to the heterocyclic compound and the sensitizer) and a sensitizer (hereinafter, the sensitizer may be referred to as ‘Sensitizer C’, and Sensitizer C may not be identical to Host E and the heterocyclic compound). Host E and Sensitizer C may respectively be understood by referring to the description of the host material and the sensitizer material provided herein, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In the Fifth Embodiment, a ratio of emission components of the heterocyclic compound may be about 80% or greater, for example, about 90% or greater (or for example, about 95% or greater) to the total emission components emitted from the emission layer. In some embodiments, the heterocyclic compound may emit fluorescence and/or delayed fluorescence. In addition, Host E and Sensitizer C may not each emit light.

General energy transfer of the Fifth Embodiment may be explained according to FIG. 2 E .

25% of singlet excitons produced from Host E in the emission layer may be transferred to a singlet state of Sensitizer C through FRET, and the energy of 75% of triplet excitons produced from Host E may be transferred to a triplet state of Sensitizer C, and then singlet energy of Sensitizer C may be transferred to the heterocyclic compound through FRET. Subsequently, the triplet energy of Sensitizer C may be transferred to the heterocyclic compound through Dexter energy transfer. Energy transferred to a triplet state of Sensitizer C may undergo RISC to a singlet state. Further, in a case of Sensitizer C, energy of triplet excitons produced from Sensitizer C may undergo reverse transfer to Host E and then to the heterocyclic compound, thus emitting by reverse intersystem transfer.

In the Fifth Embodiment, when the emission layer further includes Host E and Sensitizer C, in addition to the heterocyclic compound, Host E and Sensitizer C may satisfy Condition E-1, E-2, and/or E-3:

S 1 ( H E )≥ S 1 ( S C ) Condition E-1

S 1 ( S C )≥ S 1 ( HC ) Condition E-2

T 1 ( S C )≥ T 1 ( HC ) Condition E-3

wherein, in Conditions E-1, E-2, and E-3, S 1 (H E ) indicates a lowest excited singlet energy level of Host E, S 1 (S C ) indicates a lowest excited singlet energy level of Sensitizer C, S 1 (HC) indicates a lowest excited singlet energy level of the heterocyclic compound, T 1 (S C ) indicates a lowest excited triplet energy level of Sensitizer C, and T 1 (HC) indicates a lowest excited triplet energy level of the heterocyclic compound. S 1 (H E ), S 1 (S C ), S 1 (HC), T 1 (S C ), and T 1 (HC) may be evaluated according to the DFT method, wherein structure optimization is performed at a degree of B3LYP, and 6-31G (d,p), for example, according to Gaussian according to DFT method.

When Host E, Sensitizer C, and the heterocyclic compound satisfy Condition E-1, E-2, and/or E-3, Dexter transfer FRET from Sensitizer C to the heterocyclic compound may be facilitated, and accordingly, the organic light-emitting device may have improved luminescence efficiency.

In the Fifth Embodiment, a content of Sensitizer C in the emission layer may be in a range of about 5 wt % to about 50 wt %, or for example, about 10 wt % to about 30 wt %. When the content is within this range, energy transfer in the emission layer may occur effectively. Thus, the organic light-emitting device may have high efficiency and long lifespan.

In the Fifth Embodiment, a content of the heterocyclic compound in the emission layer may be in a range of about 0.01 wt % to about 15 wt %, or for example, about 0.05 wt % to about 3 wt %, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

›DETAILED DESCRIPTION · 14 of 27

Host in Emission Layer 15

The host may not include a metal atom.

In an embodiment, the host may consist of one type of host. When the host consists of one type of host, the one type of host may be a bipolar host, an electron transporting host, or a hole transporting host described herein.

In one or more embodiments, the host may be a mixture of two or more types of hosts. In some embodiments, the host may be a mixture of an electron transporting host and a hole transporting host, a mixture of two different types of electron transporting hosts or a mixture of two different types of hole transporting hosts. The electron transporting host and the hole transporting host may respectively be understood by referring to the descriptions of the electron transporting host and the hole transporting host provided herein.

In an embodiment, the host may include an electron transporting host including at least one electron transporting moiety and a hole transporting host not including an electron transporting moiety.

The electron transporting moiety may be a cyano group, a IT electron-depleted nitrogen-containing cyclic group, and a group represented by one of following Formulae:

wherein, in the Formulae above, *, *′, and *″ may each indicate a binding site to an adjacent atom.

In an embodiment, an electron transporting host in the emission layer 15 may include at least one of a cyano group, a π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing cyclic group, or a combination thereof.

In one or more embodiments, the electron transporting host in the emission layer 15 may include at least one cyano group.

In one or more embodiments, an electron transporting host in the emission layer 15 may include a cyano group, at least one IT electron-depleted nitrogen-containing cyclic group, or a combination thereof.

In one or more embodiments, the host may include an electron transporting host and a hole transporting host, the electron transporting host may include at least one IT electron-depleted nitrogen-free cyclic group and at least one electron transporting moiety, and the hole transporting host may include at least one IT electron-depleted nitrogen-free cyclic group and may not include an electron transporting moiety.

The term “IT electron-depleted nitrogen-containing cyclic group” as used herein refers to a cyclic group having at least one *—N═*′ moiety. Examples thereof may include: an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrimidine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, and an azacarbazole group; and a condensed ring of at least two π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing cyclic groups.

The π electron-depleted nitrogen-free cyclic group may be a benzene group, a heptalene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, an indacene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentacene group, a hexacene group, a pentacene group, a rubicene group, a coronene group, an ovalene group, a pyrrole group, an isoindole group, an indole group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a benzocarbazole group, a dibenzocarbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene sulfone group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group, and a triindolobenzene group; and a condensed ring of at least two π electron-depleted nitrogen-free cyclic group, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, the electron transporting host may be one of the Compounds represented by Formula E-1, and

the hole transporting host may be one of the Compounds represented by Formula H-1, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

[Ar 30 1] xb11 -[(L 301 ) xb1 -R 301 ] xb21 Formula E-1

wherein, in Formula E-1, Ar 30 1 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 60 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group, xb11 may be 1, 2, or 3, L 301 may each independently be a single bond, a group represented by one of following Formulae, a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 60 carbocyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group, wherein in the following Formulae, *, *′, and *″ may each indicate a binding site to an adjacent atom,

wherein, in Formulae H-1, 11, and 12,

L 401 may be: a single bond; or a benzene group, a heptalene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, an indacene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentacene group, a hexacene group, a pentacene group, a rubicene group, a coronene group, an ovalene group, a pyrrole group, an isoindole group, an indole group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a benzocarbazole group, a dibenzocarbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene sulfone group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group, or a triindolobenzene group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of deuterium, a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a tetraphenyl group, —Si(Q 401 )(Q 402 )(Q 403 ), or any combination thereof.

›DETAILED DESCRIPTION · 15 of 27

xd1 may be an integer from 1 to 10, and when xd1 is 2 or greater, at least two L 401 (s) may be identical to or different from each other,

Ar 401 may be a group represented by Formulae 11 or 12,

Ar 402 may be:

a group represented by Formulae 11 or 12, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a triphenylenyl group; or a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a triphenylenyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one deuterium, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C 1 -C 20 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, or any combination thereof, CY 401 and CY 402 may each independently be a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a carbazole group, a benzocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzosilole group, a benzonaphthofuran group, a benzonapthothiophene group, or a benzonaphthosilole group, A 21 may be a single bond, O, S, N(R 51 ), C(R 51 )(R 52 ), or Si(R 51 )(R 52 ), A 22 may be a single bond, O, S, N(R 53 ), C(R 53 )(R 54 ), or Si(R 53 )(R 54 ), at least one of A 21 , A 22 , or any combination thereof in Formula 12 may not be a single bond, R 51 to R 54 and R 60 to R 70 may each independently be: hydrogen, deuterium, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C 1 -C 20 alkyl group, or a C 1 -C 20 alkoxy group; a C 1 -C 20 alkyl group or a C 1 -C 20 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one deuterium, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, or any combination thereof; a π electron-depleted nitrogen-free cyclic group (e.g., a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a triphenylenyl group); a π electron-depleted nitrogen-free cyclic group (e.g., a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a triphenylenyl group) substituted with at least one deuterium, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C 1 -C 20 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a biphenyl group, or any combination thereof, —Si(Q 404 )(Q 405 )(Q 406 ), e1 and e2 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 10, wherein Q 401 to Q 406 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a triphenylenyl group, and * indicates a binding site to an adjacent atom.

In some embodiments, in Formula E-1, Ar 301 and L 301 may each independently be a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrimidine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, or an azacarbazole group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C 1 -C 20 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a cyano group-containing phenyl group, a cyano group-containing biphenyl group, a cyano group-containing terphenyl group, a cyano group-containing naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a phenylpyridinyl group, a diphenylpyridinyl group, a biphenylpyridinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a phenylpyrazinyl group, a diphenylpyrazinyl group, a biphenylpyrazinyl group, a di(biphenyl) pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a phenylpyridazinyl group, a diphenylpyridazinyl group, a biphenylpyridazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a phenylpyrimidinyl group, a diphenylpyrimidinyl group, a biphenylpyrimidinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a phenyltriazinyl group, a diphenyltriazinyl group, a biphenyltriazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)triazinyl group, —Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), —N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), —B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), —C(═O)(Q 31 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 31 ), —P(═O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), or any combination thereof,

›DETAILED DESCRIPTION · 16 of 27

at least one of L 301 in the number of xb1 may each independently be an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrimidine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, or an azacarbazole group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C 1 -C 20 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a cyano group-containing phenyl group, a cyano group-containing biphenyl group, a cyano group-containing terphenyl group, a cyano group-containing naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a phenylpyridinyl group, a diphenylpyridinyl group, a biphenylpyridinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a phenylpyrazinyl group, a diphenylpyrazinyl group, a biphenylpyrazinyl group, a di(biphenyl) pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a phenylpyridazinyl group, a diphenylpyridazinyl group, a biphenylpyridazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a phenylpyrimidinyl group, a diphenylpyrimidinyl group, a biphenylpyrimidinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a phenyltriazinyl group, a diphenyltriazinyl group, a biphenyltriazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)triazinyl group, —Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), —N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), —B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), —C(═O)(Q 31 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 31 ), or —P(═O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), and R 301 may be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C 1 -C 20 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a tetraphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a cyano group-containing phenyl group, a cyano group-containing biphenyl group, a cyano group-containing terphenyl group, a cyano group-containing a tetraphenyl group, a cyano group-containing naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a phenylpyridinyl group, a diphenylpyridinyl group, a biphenylpyridinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a phenylpyrazinyl group, a diphenylpyrazinyl group, a biphenylpyrazinyl group, a di(biphenyl) pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a phenylpyridazinyl group, a diphenylpyridazinyl group, a biphenylpyridazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a phenylpyrimidinyl group, a diphenylpyrimidinyl group, a biphenylpyrimidinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a phenyltriazinyl group, a diphenyltriazinyl group, a biphenyltriazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)triazinyl group, —Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), —N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), —B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), —C(═O)(Q 31 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 31 ), or —P(═O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), wherein Q 31 to Q 33 may each independently be a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, Ar 30 1 may be a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, or a dibenzothiophene group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C 1 -C 20 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a cyano group-containing phenyl group, a cyano group-containing biphenyl group, a cyano group-containing terphenyl group, a cyano group-containing naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a phenylpyridinyl group, a diphenylpyridinyl group, a biphenylpyridinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a phenylpyrazinyl group, a diphenylpyrazinyl group, a biphenylpyrazinyl group, a di(biphenyl) pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a phenylpyridazinyl group, a diphenylpyridazinyl group, a biphenylpyridazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a phenylpyrimidinyl group, a diphenylpyrimidinyl group, a biphenylpyrimidinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a phenyltriazinyl group, a diphenyltriazinyl group, a biphenyltriazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)triazinyl group, —Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), —N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), —B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), —C(═O)(Q 31 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 31 ) or —P(═O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ); or

a group represented by one of Formulae 5-1 to 5-3 and 6-1 to 6-33, and L 301 may be a group represented by one of Formulae 5-1 to 5-3 and 6-1 to 6-33:

wherein, in Formulae 5-1 to 5-3 and 6-1 to 6-33,

Z 1 may be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C 1 -C 20 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a cyano group-containing phenyl group, a cyano group-containing biphenyl group, a cyano group-containing terphenyl group, a cyano group-containing naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a phenylpyridinyl group, a diphenylpyridinyl group, a biphenylpyridinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a phenylpyrazinyl group, a diphenylpyrazinyl group, a biphenylpyrazinyl group, a di(biphenyl) pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a phenylpyridazinyl group, a diphenylpyridazinyl group, a biphenylpyridazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a phenylpyrimidinyl group, a diphenylpyrimidinyl group, a biphenylpyrimidinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a phenyltriazinyl group, a diphenyltriazinyl group, a biphenyltriazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)triazinyl group, —Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), —N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), —B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), —C(═O)(Q 31 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 31 ), or —P(═O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ),

›DETAILED DESCRIPTION · 17 of 27

d4 may be 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4,

d3 may be 0, 1, 2, or 3,

d2 may be 0, 1, or 2, and

* and *′ each indicate a binding site to an adjacent atom.

Q 31 to Q 33 may respectively be understood by referring to the descriptions of Q 31 to Q 33 provided herein.

In one or more embodiments, L 301 may be groups represented by Formulae 5-2, 5-3, and 6-8 to 6-33.

In one or more embodiments, R 301 may be a cyano group or a group represented by Formulae 7-1 to 7-18, at least one Ar 402 in the number of xd11 may be a group represented by Formulae 7-1 to 7-18, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

wherein, in Formulae 7-1 to 7-18,

xb41 to xb44 may each be 0, 1, or 2, provided that xb41 in Formula 7-10 may not be 0, xb41+xb42 in Formulae 7-11 to 7-13 may not be 0, xb41+xb42+xb43 in Formulae 7-14 to 7-16 may not be 0, xb41+xb42+xb43+xb44 in Formulae 7-17 and 7-18 may not be 0, and * indicates a binding site to an adjacent atom.

In Formula E-1, at least two Ar 301 (s) may be identical to or different from each other, and at least two L 301 (s) may be identical to or different from each other. In Formula H-1, at least two L 401 (s) may be identical to or different from each other, and at least two Ar 402 (s) may be identical to or different from each other.

In an embodiment, the electron transporting host may include i) at least one a cyano group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a triazine group, or any combination thereof, or ii) a triphenylene group, and the hole transporting host may include a carbazole group.

In one or more embodiments, the electron transporting host may include at least one cyano group.

The electron transporting host may be, for example, one compound of Groups HE1 to HE7, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

In some embodiments, the electron transporting host may include DPEPO and/or TSPO1:

In some embodiments, the hole transporting host may be Group HH1, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

In some embodiments, the bipolar host may be Group HEH1, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

wherein in Compounds 1 to 432,

“Ph” represents a phenyl group.

In some embodiments, the hole transporting host may include o-CBP or mCP:

In some embodiments, the host may be a fluorescent host, and the fluorescent host may be represented by, for example, one of Formulae FH-1 to FH-4.

In some embodiments, the fluorescent host may be represented by Formula FH-1:

wherein, in Formula FH-1,

Ar 1 to Ar 3 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —Si(Q 3 )(Q 4 )(Q 5 ), —B(Q 6 )(Q 7 ), or —P(═O)(Q: )(Q 9 ), and

at least one of Ar 1 to Ar 3 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

L 10 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 30 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30 heterocyclic group,

a10 may be an integer from 0 to 3, and when a10 is 2 or greater, at least two L 10 (s) may be identical to or different from each other,

R 10 and R 20 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF 5 , a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —Si(Q 3 )(Q 4 )(Q 5 ), —B(Q 6 )(Q 7 ), or —P(═O)(Q: )(Q 9 ),

b10 and b20 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 8,

when b10 is 2 or greater, at least two R 10 (s) may be identical to or different from each other, and when b20 is 2 or greater, at least two R 20 (s) may be identical to or different from each other,

c10 may be an integer from 1 to 9, and

when c10 is 2 or greater, at least two -[(L 10 ) a10 -(R 10 ) b10 ](s) may be identical to or different from each other.

In some embodiments, the fluorescent host represented by Formula FH-1 may be Group FH1, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

In some embodiments, the fluorescent host may be represented by Formula FH-2:

wherein, in Formula FH-2,

X 1 may be O or S,

A 1 may be a C 5 -C 60 carbocyclic group or a C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group,

L 11 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 60 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group,

›DETAILED DESCRIPTION · 18 of 27

a11 may be an integer from 0 to 3,

Ar 11 and Ar 12 may each independently be a C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R a ,

b11 may be an integer from 1 to 5,

R 11 , R 12 , and R a may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —N(Q 4 )(Q 5 ), or —B(Q 6 )(Q 7 ),

c11 may be an integer from 1 to 20,

c12 may be an integer from 1 to 4,

when c11 is 2 or greater, two adjacent R 11 (s) may optionally be bound to each other to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 30 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30 heterocyclic group,

when c12 is 2 or greater, two adjacent R 12 (s) may optionally be bound to each other to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 30 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30 heterocyclic group,

A 1 and Ar 12 may optionally be bound to each other via a first linking group a single bond, *—Ar 31 —*′, *—O—*′, *—S—*′, *—[C(R 31 )(R 32 )] k11 —*′, *—C(R 31 )═*′, *═C(R 31 )—*′, *—C(R 31 )═C(R 32 )—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, *—C≡C—*′, *—N(R 31 )—*′, *—P(R 31 )—*′, *—[S 1 (R 31 )(R 32 )] k11 —*′, and *—P(R 31 )(R 32 )—*′ to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 30 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30 heterocyclic group,

Ar 31 may be a C 5 -C 30 carbocyclic group,

R 31 and R 32 may each be understood by referring to the description of R 11 provided herein, and

k11 may be 1, 2, 3, or 4.

In some embodiments, the fluorescent host represented by Formula FH-2 may be Group FH2, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

In some embodiments, the fluorescent host may be represented by Formula FH-3:

In some embodiments, the fluorescent host represented by Formula FH-3 may be Group FH3, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

In some embodiments, the fluorescent host may be represented by Formula FH-4:

In some embodiments, the fluorescent host represented by Formula FH-4 may be Group FH4, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

When the host is a mixture of an electron transporting host and a hole transporting host, a weight ratio of the electron transporting host to the hole transporting host may be in a range of about 1:9 to about 9:1, for example, about 2:8 to about 8:2, for example, about 4:6 to about 6:4, or for example, about 5:5. When a weight ratio of the electron transporting host to the hole transporting host is within any of these ranges, holes and electrons transport balance into the emission layer 15 may be achieved.

Dopant in Emission Layer 15

The dopant may include the heterocyclic compound.

Sensitizer in Emission Layer 15

In some embodiments, the sensitizer may be a phosphorescence sensitizer including at least one metal a first-row transition metal, a second-row transition metal, a third-row transition metal, or any combination thereof.

In some embodiments, the sensitizer may include a metal (M 11 ) which may include at least one metal of a first-row transition metal, a second-row transition metal, a third-row transition metal, or any combination thereof, and an organic ligand (L 11 ), and L 11 and M 11 may form 1, 2, 3, or 4 cyclometallated ring.

In some embodiments, the sensitizer may include an organometallic compound represented by Formula 101:

M 11 ( L 11 ) n11 ( L 12 ) n12 Formula 101

wherein, in Formula 101, M 11 may be a first-row transition metal, a second-row transition metal, or a third-row transition metal, L 11 may be a ligand represented by one of Formulae 1-1 to 1-4, L 12 may be a monodentate ligand or a bidentate ligand, n11 may be 1, and n12 may be 0, 1, or 2:

wherein, in Formulae 1-1 to 1-4,

A 1 to A 4 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 30 carbocyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30 heterocyclic group, or a non-cyclic group,

Y 11 to Y 14 may each independently be a chemical bond, O, S, N(R 91 ), B(R 91 ), P(R 91 ), or C(R 91 )(R 92 ),

T 1 to T 4 may each independently be a single bond, a double bond, *—N(R 93 )—*′, *—B(R 93 )—*′, *—P(R 93 )—*′, *—C(R 93 )(R 94 )—*′, *—S 1 (R 93 )(R 94 )—*′, *—Ge(R 93 )(R 94 )—*′, *—S—*′, *—Se—*′, *—O—*, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O) 2 —*′, *—C(R 93 )═*′, *═C(R 93 )—*′, *—C(R 93 )═C(R 94 )—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, or *—C≡C—*′,

a substituent of the substituted C 5 -C 30 carbocyclic group, a substituent of the substituted C 1 -C 30 heterocyclic group, and R 91 to R 94 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF 5 , a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —Ge(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —C(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —B(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —N(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —P(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —C(═O)(Q 1 ), —S(═O)(Q 1 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 1 ), —P(═O)(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), or —P(═S)(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), provided that the substituent of the substituted C 5 -C 30 carbocyclic group and the substituent of the substituted C 1 -C 30 heterocyclic group may not each be hydrogen, and

›DETAILED DESCRIPTION · 19 of 27

1, *2, *3, and *4 each indicate a binding site to M 11 ,

In some embodiments, the sensitizer may be of Groups I to VIII, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

Group V

A compound represented by Formula 1:

(L 101 ) n101 -M 101 -(L 102 ) m101 Formula A

wherein, in Formula A, L 101 , n101, M 101 , L 102 , and m101 may be understood by referring to Tables 11 to 13:

In Tables 11 to 13, LM1 to LM243 may be understood by referring to Formulae 1-1 to 1-3 and Tables 14 to 16:

In Tables 14 to 16, X1 to X10 and Y1 to Y18 may be as follows, and “Ph” represents a phenyl group:

In some embodiments, the sensitizer may be represented by Formula 111 or Formula 112, and in this embodiment, the sensitizer may be referred to as a delayed fluorescence sensitizer:

wherein, in Formulae 111 and 112,

A 21 may be an acceptor,

D 21 may be a donor,

m21 may be 1, 2, or 3, and n21 may b 1, 2, or 3,

in Formula 111, a sum of n21 and m21 may be 6 or less, and in Formula 112, a sum of n21 and m21 may be 5 or less, and

R 21 may be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF 5 , a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 7 -C 60 alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 hetero aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 hetero arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —Ge(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —C(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —B(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —N(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —P(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —C(═O)(Q 1 ), —S(═O)(Q 1 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 1 ), —P(═O)(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), or —P(═S)(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), and a plurality of R 21 (s) may optionally be bound to each other to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 30 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30 heterocyclic group,

For example, in Formulae 111 and 112, A 21 may be a substituted or unsubstituted π electron-depleted nitrogen-free cyclic group.

In some embodiments, the IT electron-depleted nitrogen-free cyclic group may be a benzene group, a heptalene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, an indacene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentacene group, a hexacene group, a pentacene group, a rubicene group, a coronene group, an ovalene group, a pyrrole group, an isoindole group, an indole group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a benzocarbazole group, a dibenzocarbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene sulfone group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group, a triindolobenzene group; or a condensed ring of at least two IT electron-depleted nitrogen-free cyclic groups, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

›DETAILED DESCRIPTION · 20 of 27

In some embodiments, in Formulae 111 and 112, D 21 may be:—F, a cyano group, or a π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing cyclic group;

a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing cyclic group, or electron-depleted nitrogen-free cyclic group, each substituted with at least one of —F, a cyano group, or any combination thereof; or a π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing cyclic group substituted with at least one of deuterium, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing cyclic group, π electron-depleted nitrogen-free cyclic group, or any combination thereof.

In some embodiments, the π electron-depleted nitrogen-free cyclic group may be understood by referring to the description of the π electron-depleted nitrogen-free cyclic group provided herein.

The π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing cyclic group may be a cyclic group having at least one *—N═*′ moiety. Examples thereof may include: an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrimidine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, an azacarbazole group, and a benzimidazolobenzimidazole group; and a condensed ring of at least two π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing cyclic groups.

In some embodiments, the sensitizer may be Groups VII to XII, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

Hole Transport Region 12

In the organic light-emitting device 10 , the hole transport region 12 may be between the first electrode 11 and the emission layer 15 .

The hole transport region 12 may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure.

For example, the hole transport region 12 may have a structure of hole injection layer, a structure of hole transport layer, a structure of hole injection layer/hole transport layer, a structure of hole injection layer/first hole transport layer/second hole transport layer, a structure of hole transport layer/intermediate layer, a structure of hole injection layer/hole transport layer/intermediate layer, a structure of hole transport layer/electron blocking layer, or a structure of hole injection layer/hole transport layer/electron blocking layer, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

The hole transport region 12 may include a compound having hole transport characteristics.

For example, the hole transport region 12 may include an amine-based compound.

In an embodiment, the hole transport region 12 may include at least one compound represented by Formulae 201 to 205, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

wherein, in Formulae 201 to 205,

L 201 to L 209 may each independently be *—O—*′, *—S—*′, a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 60 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group,

xa1 to xa9 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 5,

R 201 to R 206 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, and two adjacent groups R 201 to R 206 may optionally be bound to each other via a single bond, a dimethyl-methylene group, or a diphenyl-methylene group.

In some embodiments,

L 201 to L 209 may be a benzene group, a heptalene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, a heptalene group, an indacene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentacene group, a hexacene group, a pentacene group, a rubicene group, a coronene group, an ovalene group, a pyrrole group, an isoindole group, an indole group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a benzocarbazole group, a dibenzocarbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene sulfone (dibenzothiophene sulfone) group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group or a triindolobenzene group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of deuterium, a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a tetraphenyl group, —Si(Q 11 )(Q 12 )(Q 13 ), or any combination thereof, xa1 to xa9 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2, and R 201 to R 206 may each independently be a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an indenocarbazolyl group, an indolocarbazolyl group, a benzofurocarbazolyl group, or a benzothienocarbazolyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C 1 -C 20 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with —F, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, —Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), —N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), or any combination thereof, wherein Q 11 to Q 13 and Q 31 to Q 33 may each independently be a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group.

›DETAILED DESCRIPTION · 21 of 27

According to an embodiment, the hole transport region 12 may include a carbazole-containing amine-based compound.

In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region 12 may include a carbazole-containing amine-based compound and a carbazole-free amine-based compound.

The carbazole-containing amine-based compound may be, for example, a compound represented by Formula 201 including a carbazole group and further including at least one of a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a fluorene group, a spirofluorene group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group, or any combination thereof.

The carbazole-free amine-based compound may be, for example, compounds represented by Formula 201 not including a carbazole group and including at least one of a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a fluorene group, a spirofluorene group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group, or any combination thereof.

In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region 12 may include at least one compound represented by Formula 201, 202, or a combination thereof.

In an embodiment, the hole transport region 12 may include at least one compound represented by Formulae 201-1, 202-1, 201-2, or any combination thereof, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

wherein in Formulae 201-1, 202-1, and 201-2, L 201 to L 203 , L 205 , xa1 to xa3, xa5, R 201 , and R 202 may respectively be understood by referring to the descriptions of L 201 to L 203 , L 205 , xa1 to xa3, xa5, R 201 , and R 202 provided herein, and R 211 to R 213 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C 1 -C 20 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with —F, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a dimethylfluorenyl group, a diphenylfluorenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, or a pyridinyl group.

In some embodiments, the hole transport region 12 may include at least one of Compounds HT1 to HT39, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

In some embodiments, the hole transport region may include at least one compound of 4,4′-cyclohexylidenebis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)benzenamine] (TAPC), tris(4-carbazoyl-9-ylphenyl)amine (TCTA), or any combination thereof.

The hole transport region 12 of the organic light-emitting device 10 may further include a p-dopant. When the hole transport region 12 further includes a p-dopant, the hole transport region 12 may have a structure including a matrix (for example, at least one compound represented by Formulae 201 to 205) and a p-dopant included in the matrix. The p-dopant may be homogeneously or non-homogeneously doped in the hole transport region 12 .

In some embodiments, a LUMO energy level of the p-dopant may be about-3.5 eV or less.

The p-dopant may include at least one of a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, a cyano group-containing compound, or any combination thereof, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, the p-dopant may include:

a quinone derivative such as tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ), or F6-TCNNQ; a metal oxide such as tungsten oxide or molybdenum oxide; 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN); and a compound represented by Formula 221, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

wherein, in Formula 221,

R 221 to R 223 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, wherein at least one R 221 to R 223 may include at least one a cyano group, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a C 1 -C 20 alkyl group substituted with —F, a C 1 -C 20 alkyl group substituted with —Cl, a C 1 -C 20 alkyl group substituted with —Br, a C 1 -C 20 alkyl group substituted with —I, or any combination thereof.

A thickness of the hole transport region 12 may be in a range of about 100 Angstroms (Å) to about 10,000 Å, for example, about 400 Å to about 2,000 Å, and a thickness of the emission layer 15 may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 3,000 Å, for example, about 300 Å to about 1,000 Å. When the thicknesses of the hole transport region 12 and the emission layer 15 are within any of these ranges, satisfactory hole transporting characteristics and/or luminescence characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

Electron Transport Region 17

In the organic light-emitting device 10 , the electron transport region 17 may be between the emission layer 15 and the second electrode 19 .

The electron transport region 17 may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure.

For example, the electron transport region 17 may have a structure of electron transport layer, a structure of electron transport layer/electron injection layer, a structure of buffer layer/electron transport layer, a structure of hole blocking layer/electron transport layer, a structure of buffer layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer, or a structure of hole blocking layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer, but embodiments are not limited thereto. The electron transport region 17 may include an electron control layer.

›DETAILED DESCRIPTION · 22 of 27

The electron transport region 17 may include a known electron transport material.

The electron transport region 17 (for example, the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, the electron control layer, or the electron transport layer in the electron transport region 17 ) may include a metal-free compound including at least one IT electron-depleted nitrogen-containing cyclic group. The π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing cyclic group may be understood by referring to the description for those provided herein.

In some embodiments, the electron transport region may include a compound represented by Formula 601:

[Ar 601 ] xe11 -[(L 601 ) xe1 -R 601 ] xe21 Formula 601

wherein, in Formula 601, Ar 601 and L 601 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 60 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heterocyclic group, xe11 may be 1, 2, or 3, xe1 may be an integer from 0 to 5, R 601 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q 601 )(Q 602 )(Q 603 ), —C(═O)(Q 601 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 601 ), or —P(═O)(Q 601 )(Q 602 ), Q 601 to Q 603 may each independently be a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group, and xe21 may be an integer from 1 to 5.

In some embodiments, at least one Ar 601 (s) in the number of xe11 and R 601 (s) in the number of xe21 may include the π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing cyclic group.

In some embodiments, in Formula 601, ring Ar 601 and L 601 may each independently be a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a carbazole group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, or an azacarbazole group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C 1 -C 20 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, —Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 31 ), —P(═O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), or any combination thereof,

wherein Q 31 to Q 33 may each independently be a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group.

When xe11 in Formula 601 is 2 or greater, at least two Ar 601 (s) may be bound via a single bond.

In one or more embodiments, Ar 601 in Formula 601 may be an anthracene group.

In some embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 601 may be represented by Formula 601-1:

wherein, in Formula 601-1,

X 614 may be N or C(R 614 ), X 615 may be N or C(R 615 ), X 616 may be N or C(R 616 ), at least one X 614 to X 616 may be N,

L 611 to L 613 may each independently be understood by referring to the description of L 601 provided herein,

xe611 to xe613 may each independently be understood by referring to the description of xe1 provided herein,

R 611 to R 613 may each independently be understood by referring to the description of R 601 provided herein, and

R 614 to R 616 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C 1 -C 20 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group.

In one or more embodiments, in Formulae 601 and 601-1, xe1 and xe611 to xe613 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2.

In one or more embodiments, in Formulae 601 and 601-1, R 601 and R 611 to R 613 may each independently be: a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, or an azacarbazolyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C 1 -C 20 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, or any combination thereof; or

›DETAILED DESCRIPTION · 23 of 27

—S(═O) 2 (Q 601 ) or —P(═O)(Q 601 )(Q 602 ), wherein Q 601 and Q 602 may respectively be understood by referring to the descriptions of Q 601 and Q 602 provided herein.

The electron transport region may include at least one compound of Compounds ET1 to ET36, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

In some embodiments, the electron transport region may include at least one compound of 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), Alq 3 , BAlq, 3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), 2,2′,2″-(1,3,5-benzinetriyl)-tris(1-phenyl-1-H-benzimidazole)(TPBi), NTAZ, or any combinations thereof:

The thicknesses of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, or the electron control layer may each independently be in a range of about 20 Å to about 1,000 Å, and in some embodiments, about 30 Å to about 300 Å. When the thicknesses of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer or the electron control layer are within any of these ranges, excellent hole blocking characteristics or excellent electron controlling characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The thickness of the electron transport layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, and in some embodiments, about 150 Å to about 500 Å. When the thickness of the electron transport layer is within any of these ranges, excellent electron transport characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The electron transport region 17 (e.g., the electron transport layer in the electron transport region 17 ) may further include, in addition to the materials described above, a material including metal.

The metal-containing material may include at least one an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, or any combination thereof. The alkali metal complex may include a metal ion of a lithium (Li) ion, a sodium (Na) ion, a potassium (K) ion, a rubidium (Rb) ion, a cesium (Cs) ion, or any combination thereof. The alkaline earth metal complex may include a metal ion a beryllium (Be) ion, a magnesium (Mg) ion, a calcium (Ca) ion, a strontium (Sr) ion, a barium (Ba) ion, or any combination thereof. Each ligand coordinated with the metal ion of the alkali metal complex and the alkaline earth metal complex may independently be hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenanthridine, hydroxyphenyloxazole, hydroxyphenylthiazole, hydroxyphenyloxadiazole, hydroxyphenylthiadiazole, hydroxyphenylpyridine, hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole, hydroxyphenylbenzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthroline, or cyclopentadiene, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

For example, the metal-containing material may include a Li complex. The Li complex may include, e.g., Compound ET-D1 (LiQ) or Compound ET-D2:

The electron transport region 17 may include an electron injection layer that facilitates injection of electrons from the second electrode 19 . The electron injection layer may be in direct contact with the second electrode 19 .

The electron injection layer may have i) a single-layered structure consisting of a single layer consisting of a single material, ii) a single-layered structure consisting of a single layer including a plurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structure having a plurality of layers, each including a plurality of different materials.

The electron injection layer may include an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth metal compound, a rare earth metal compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or a combination thereof.

The alkali metal may be Li, Na, K, Rb, or Cs. In some embodiments, the alkali metal may be Li, Na, or Cs. In one or more embodiments, the alkali metal may be Li or Cs, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

The alkaline earth metal may be Mg, Ca, Sr, or Ba.

The rare earth metal may be Sc, Y, Ce, Tb, Yb, or Gd.

The alkali metal compound, the alkaline earth metal compound, and the rare earth metal compound may each independently be an oxide and a halides (e.g., fluorides, chlorides, bromides, or iodides) of the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, and the rare earth metal, respectively.

The alkali metal compound may be alkali metal oxides, such as Li 2 O, Cs 2 O, or K 2 O, and alkali metal halides, such as LiF, NaF, CsF, KF, LiI, NaI, CsI, or KI. In some embodiments, the alkali metal compound may be LiF, Li 2 O, NaF, LiI, NaI, CsI, or KI, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

The alkaline earth-metal compound may be an alkaline earth-metal compound, such as BaO, SrO, CaO, Ba x Sr 1-x O (wherein 0<x<1), or Ba x Ca 1-x O (wherein 0<x<1). In some embodiments, the alkaline earth metal compound may be BaO, SrO, or CaO, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

The rare earth metal compound may be YbF 3 , ScF 3 , ScO 3 , Y 2 O 3 , Ce 2 O 3 , GdF 3 , or TbF 3 . In some embodiments, the rare earth metal compound may be YbF 3 , ScF 3 , TbF 3 , YbI 3 , ScI 3 , or TbI 3 , but embodiments are not limited thereto.

The alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth metal complex, and the rare earth metal complex may each include ions of the above-described alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and rare earth metal. Each ligand coordinated with the metal ion of the alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth metal complex, and the rare earth metal complex may independently be hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenanthridine, hydroxyphenyloxazole, hydroxyphenylthiazole, hydroxyphenyloxadiazole, hydroxyphenylthiadiazole, hydroxyphenylpyridine, hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole, hydroxyphenylbenzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthroline, or cyclopentadiene, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

The electron injection layer may consist of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth metal compound, a rare earth metal compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or a combination thereof, as described above. In some embodiments, the electron injection layer may further include an organic material. When the electron injection layer further includes an organic material, the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, the rare earth metal, the alkali metal compound, the alkaline earth metal compound, the rare earth metal compound, the alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth metal complex, the rare earth metal complex, or a combination thereof, the foregoing may be homogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in a matrix including the organic material.

›DETAILED DESCRIPTION · 24 of 27

The thickness of the electron injection layer may be in a range of about 1 Å to about 100 Å, and in some embodiments, about 3 Å to about 90 Å. When the thickness of the electron injection layer is within any of these ranges, excellent electron injection characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

Second Electrode 19

The second electrode 19 may be on the organic layer 10 A. In an embodiment, the second electrode 19 may be a cathode that is an electron injection electrode. In this embodiment, a material for forming the second electrode 19 may be a material having a low work function, for example, a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or a combination thereof.

The second electrode 19 may include at least one lithium (Li), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag), ITO, IZO, or any combination thereof, but embodiments are not limited thereto. The second electrode 19 may be a transmissive electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a reflective electrode.

The second electrode 19 may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including two or more layers.

Hereinbefore the organic light-emitting device 10 has been described with reference to FIG. 1 , but embodiments are not limited thereto.

Description of FIG. 3

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device 100 according to an exemplary embodiment.

The organic light-emitting device 100 in FIG. 3 may include a first electrode 110 , a second electrode 190 facing the first electrode 110 , and a first light-emitting unit 151 and a second light-emitting unit 152 between the first electrode 100 and the second electrode 190 . A charge generating layer 141 may be between the first light-emitting unit 151 and the second light-emitting unit 152 , and the charge generating layer 141 may include an n-type charge generating layer 141 -N and a p-type charge generating layer 141 -P. The charge generating layer 141 is a layer serving to generate charges and supply the generated charges to the adjacent light-emitting unit, and may include a known material.

The first light-emitting unit 151 may include a first emission layer 151 -EM, and the second light-emitting unit 152 may include a second emission layer 152 -EM. A maximum emission wavelength of light emitted by the first light-emitting unit 151 may be different from a maximum emission wavelength of light emitted by the second light-emitting unit 152 . For example, mixed light of the light emitted by the first light-emitting unit 151 and the light emitted by the second light-emitting unit 152 may be white light, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

A hole transport region 120 may be between the first light-emitting unit 151 and the first electrode 110 , and the second light-emitting unit 152 may include a first hole transport region 121 toward the first electrode 110 .

An electron transport region 170 may be between the second light-emitting unit 152 and the second electrode 190 , and the first light-emitting unit 151 may include a first electron transport region 171 between the charge generating layer 141 and the first emission layer 151 -EM.

In some embodiments, the first emission layer 151 -EM may include the heterocyclic compound.

In some embodiments, the second emission layer 152 -EM may include the heterocyclic compound.

In FIG. 3 , the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 190 may each be understood by referring to the descriptions for the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 19 in FIG. 1 , respectively.

In FIG. 3 , the first emission layer 151 -EM and the second emission layer 152 -EM may each be understood by referring to the descriptions for the emission layer 15 in FIG. 3 .

In FIG. 3 , the hole transport region 120 and the first hole transport region 121 may each be understood by referring to the descriptions for the hole transport region 12 in FIG. 1 .

In FIG. 3 , the electron transport region 170 and the first electron transport region 171 may each be understood by referring to the descriptions for the electron transport region 17 in FIG. 1 .

Hereinbefore, by referring to FIG. 3 , the first light-emitting unit 151 and the second light-emitting unit 152 has been described as being included in an organic light-emitting device including an emission layer including the host, the dopant, and the sensitizer described herein. However, the organic light-emitting device 100 in FIG. 3 may be subjected to various modifications, for example, at least one of the first light-emitting unit 151 and the second light-emitting unit 152 of the organic light-emitting device 100 in FIG. 3 may be replaced by any suitable known light-emitting unit, or three or more light-emitting units may be included.

Description of FIG. 4

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device 200 according to an exemplary embodiment.

The organic light-emitting device 100 in FIG. 4 includes a first electrode 210 , a second electrode 290 facing the first electrode 210 , and a first emission layer 251 and a second emission layer 252 between the first electrode 210 and the second electrode 290 .

A maximum emission wavelength of light emitted by the first emission layer 251 may be different from a maximum emission wavelength of light emitted by the second emission layer 252 . For example, mixed light of the light emitted by the first emission layer 251 and the light emitted by the second emission layer 252 may be white light, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

A hole transport region 220 may be between the first emission layer 251 and the first electrode 210 , and an electron transport region 270 may be between the second emission layer 252 and the second electrode 290 .

In some embodiments, the first emission layer 251 may include the heterocyclic compound.

In some embodiments, the second emission layer 252 may include the heterocyclic compound.

In FIG. 4 , the first electrode 210 , the hole transport region 220 , and the second electrode 290 may each be understood by referring to the descriptions for the first electrode 11 , the hole transport region 12 , and the second electrode 19 in FIG. 1 , respectively.

›DETAILED DESCRIPTION · 25 of 27

In FIG. 4 , the first emission layer 251 and the second emission layer 252 may each be understood by referring to the descriptions for the emission layer 15 in FIG. 1 .

In FIG. 4 , the electron transport region 170 may be understood by referring to the descriptions for the electron transport region 17 in FIG. 1 .

Hereinbefore, by referring to FIG. 4 , the first emission layer 251 and the second emission layer 252 has been described as being included in an organic light-emitting device including the heterocyclic compound described herein. However, the organic light-emitting device in FIG. 4 may be subjected to various modifications, for example, one of the first emission layer 251 and the second emission layer 252 may be replaced by any suitable known layer, three or more layers may be included, or an interlayer may be further located between neighboring emission layers.

Electronic Apparatus

The organic light-emitting device may be included in various electronic apparatuses.

The electronic apparatus may further include a thin-film transistor, in addition to the organic light-emitting device. The thin-film transistor may include a source electrode, a drain electrode, and an activation layer, wherein one of the source electrode and the drain electrode may be electrically connected to one of the first electrode and the second electrode of the organic light-emitting device.

General Definitions of Terms

The term “C 1 -C 60 alkyl group” as used herein refers to a linear or branched saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms. Examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an iso-amyl group, and a hexyl group. The term “C 1 -C 60 alkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C 1 -C 60 alkyl group.

The term “C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group represented by —OA 101 (wherein A 101 is a C 1 -C 1 alkyl group). Examples thereof include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and an isopropyloxy group.

The term “C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group” as used herein refers to a group formed by placing at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle or at the terminus of the C 2 -C 60 alkyl group. Examples thereof include an ethenyl group, a propenyl group, and a butenyl group. The term “C 2 -C 60 alkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group.

The term “C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group” as used herein refers to a group formed by placing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle or at the terminus of the C 2 -C 60 alkyl group. Examples thereof include an ethenyl group and a propenyl group. The term “C 2 -C 60 alkynylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group.

The term “C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon group including 3 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples thereof include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group. The term “C 3 -C 10 cycloalkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group.

The term “C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group including at least one heteroatom of N, O, P, S 1 , S, B, Se, Ge, Te, or any combination thereof as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples thereof include a tetrahydrofuranyl group and a tetrahydrothiophenyl group. The term “C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group.

The term “C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group that has 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in its ring, wherein the molecular structure as a whole is non-aromatic. Examples thereof include a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and a cycloheptenyl group. The term “C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group.

The term “C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group including at least one heteroatom of N, O, P, S 1 , S, B, Se, Ge, Te, or any combination thereof as a ring-forming atom, 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least one double bond in its ring. Examples of the C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group include a 2,3-dihydrofuranyl group and a 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl group. The term “C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group.

The term “C 6 -C 60 aryl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. The term “C 6 -C 60 arylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. Examples of the C 6 -C 60 aryl group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group. When the C 6 -C 60 aryl group and the C 6 -C 60 arylene group each include a plurality of rings, the plurality of rings may be fused to each other.

The term “C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group having a heterocyclic aromatic system having at least one heteroatom N, O, P, S 1 , S, B, Se, Ge, Te, or any combination thereof as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. The term “C 1 -C 60 heteroarylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having a heterocyclic aromatic system having at least one heteroatom N, O, P, S 1 , S, B, Se, Ge, Te, or any combination thereof as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. Examples of the C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group include a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group. When the C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group and the C 1 -C 60 heteroarylene group each include a plurality of rings, the plurality of rings may be fused to each other.

›DETAILED DESCRIPTION · 26 of 27

The term “C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group” as used herein is represented by —OA 102 (wherein A 102 is the C 6 -C 60 aryl group). The term “C 6 -C 60 arylthio group” as used herein is represented by —SA 103 (wherein A 103 is the C 6 -C 60 aryl group).

The term “monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group having two or more rings condensed and only carbon atoms (for example, the number of carbon atoms may be in a range of 8 to 60) as ring-forming atoms, wherein the molecular structure as a whole is aromatic. The term “divalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group.

The term “monovalent aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group having at least two rings condensed and a heteroatom N, O, P, Si, S, B, Se, Ge, Te, or any combination thereof as well as carbon atoms (for example, the number of carbon atoms may be in a range of 1 to 60) as ring-forming atoms, wherein the molecular structure as a whole is aromatic. The term “divalent aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the monovalent aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group having two or more rings condensed and only carbon atoms (for example, the number of carbon atoms may be in a range of 8 to 60) as ring-forming atoms, wherein the molecular structure as a whole is non-aromatic. Examples of the non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group include a fluorenyl group. The term “divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.

The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group having at least two rings condensed and a heteroatom N, O, P, Si, S, B, Se, Ge, Te, or any combination thereof as well as carbon atoms (for example, the number of carbon atoms may be in a range of 1 to 60) as ring-forming atoms, wherein the molecular structure as a whole is non-aromatic. Examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group include a carbazolyl group. The term “divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having substantially the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

The term “C 5 -C 30 carbocyclic group” as used herein refers to a saturated or unsaturated cyclic group including 5 to 30 carbon atoms only as ring-forming atoms. The C 5 -C 30 carbocyclic group may be a monocyclic group or a polycyclic group. Depending on formula structure, the C 5 -C 30 carbocyclic group may be monovalent, divalent, trivalent, quadrivalent, pentavalent, or hexavalent.

The term “C 1 -C 30 heterocyclic group” as used herein refers to saturated or unsaturated cyclic group including 1 to 30 carbon atoms and at least one heteroatom N, O, P, Si, S, B, Se, Ge, Te, or any combination thereof as ring-forming atoms. The C 1 -C 30 heterocyclic group may be a monocyclic group or a polycyclic group. Depending on formula structure, the C 1 -C 30 heterocyclic group may be monovalent, divalent, trivalent, quadrivalent, pentavalent, or hexavalent.

A substituent of the substituted C 5 -C 30 carbocyclic group, the substituted C 1 -C 30 heterocyclic group, the substituted C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, the substituted C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, the substituted C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, the substituted C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, the substituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, the substituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C 6 -C 60 aryl group, the substituted C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, the substituted C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, the substituted C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group, the substituted monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group, the substituted monovalent aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be:

deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD 3 , —CD 2 H, —CDH 2 , —CF 3 , —CF 2 H, —CFH 2 , a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, or a C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group; a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, or a C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD 3 , —CD 2 H, —CDH 2 , —CF 3 , —CF 2 H, —CFH 2 , a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, a C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, a C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group, monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group, monovalent aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q 11 )(Q 12 ), —Si(Q 13 )(Q 14 )(Q 15 ), —B(Q 16 )(Q 17 ), —P(═O)(Q 18 )(Q 19 ), or any combination thereof; a C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, a C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, a C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; a C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, a C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, a C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD 3 , —CD 2 H, —CDH 2 , —CF 3 , —CF 2 H, —CFH 2 , a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, a C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, a C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, a C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, a C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q 21 )(Q 22 ), —Si(Q 23 )(Q 24 )(Q 25 ), —B(Q 26 )(Q 27 ), —P(═O)(Q 28 )(Q 29 ), or any combination thereof; or —N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), —Si(Q 33 )(Q 34 )(Q 35 ), —B(Q 36 )(Q 37 ), or —P(═O)(Q 38 )(Q 39 ), wherein Q 1 to Q 9 , Q 11 to Q 19 , Q 21 to Q 29 , and Q 31 to Q 39 may each independently be a C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, a C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one of hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, a C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, a C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, a C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a C 6 -C 60 aryl group, or any combination thereof.

›DETAILED DESCRIPTION · 27 of 27

The term “room temperature” as used herein refers to a temperature of about 25° C.

As used herein, the number of carbons in each group that is substituted (e.g., C 1 -C 60 ) excludes the number of carbons in the substituent. For example, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group can be substituted with a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group. The total number of carbons included in the C 1 -C 60 alkyl group substituted with the C 1 -C 60 alkyl group is not limited to 60 carbons. In addition, more than one C 1 -C 60 alkyl substituent may be present on the C 1 -C 60 alkyl group. This definition is not limited to the C 1 -C 60 alkyl group and applies to all substituted groups that recite a carbon range.

The terms “a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a tetraphenyl group” as used herein each refer to a monovalent group having two, three, and four phenyl groups linked via a single bond, respectively.

The terms “a cyano group-containing phenyl group, a cyano group-containing biphenyl group, a cyano group-containing terphenyl group, and a cyano group-containing tetraphenyl group” as used herein each refer to a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a tetraphenyl group, each substituted with at least one cyano group. In “the cyano group-containing phenyl group, the cyano group-containing biphenyl group, the cyano group-containing terphenyl group, and the cyano group-containing tetraphenyl group”, a cyano group may be substituted at any position, and “the cyano group-containing phenyl group, the cyano group-containing biphenyl group, the cyano group-containing terphenyl group, and the cyano group-containing tetraphenyl group” may further include a substituent in addition to a cyano group. For example, ‘a phenyl group substituted with a cyano group’ and ‘a phenyl group substituted with a methyl group’ all belong to “a cyano group-containing phenyl group”.

Hereinafter, an organic light-emitting device, according to an embodiment, will be described in more detail with reference to Synthesis Examples and Examples; however, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The wording “B was used instead of A” used in describing Synthesis Examples means that an identical molar equivalent of B was used in place of A.

›EXAMPLES · 1 of 8

The following compounds are synthesized in Synthesis Examples 1 to 21:

Synthesis Example 1: Synthesis of Compound 112001

Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-a

20.0 grams (g)(137 millimoles (mmol)) of 4-chloro-3-fluoroaniline, 25.7 g (144 mmol) of N-bromosuccinimide, and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) were stirred at room temperature to allow a reaction to occur. Once the reaction was complete, a sodium thiosulfate aqueous solution ( 2 M) was added dropwise thereto. Distilled water and dichloromethane (DCM) were added thereto, followed by extraction. Then, an aqueous solution layer was removed therefrom. The resulting filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The product was separated through column chromatography to obtain 29.3 g of Intermediate 112001 (yield: 95%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 223.93 g/mol, found value: 223.16 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-b

36.0 g (160 mmol) of Intermediate 112001-a, 45.7 g (240 mmol) of copper(I) iodide (CuI), 19.8 g (192 mmol) of tert-butyl nitrite, and 800 mL of acetonitrile were stirred under reflux at a temperature of 150° C. Once the reaction was complete, the resulting mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtrated through silica gel under reduced pressure to obtain a filtrate. The resulting filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and separated through silica gel column chromatography to thereby obtain 21.3 g of Intermediate 112001-b (yield: 40%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 334.81 g/mol, found value: 334.25 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-c

37.2 g (111 mmol) of Intermediate 112001-b, 15.0 g (37.0 mmol) of 3,6-di-tert-butyl-1-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-9H-carbazole, and 1.28 g (1.11 mmol) of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 ) were added to 300 ml of tetrahydrofuran (THF), followed by stirring under reflux. The mixture was added dropwise to 150 mL of 2 M potassium triphosphate (K 3 PO 4 ) solution and stirred. Once the reaction was complete, an organic layer was separated using dichloromethane and distilled water. Then, the separated organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure and separated through silica gel column chromatography to thereby 8.72 g of Intermediate 112001-c (yield: 48%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 486.10 g/mol, found value: 486.75 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-d

8.70 g (17.9 mmol) of Intermediate 112001-c, 1.70 g (8.95 mmol) of CuI, 1.61 g (8.95 mmol) of 1,10-phenanthroline, 11.4 g (54.7 mmol) of potassium phosphate, and 100 ml of DMF were heated at a temperature of 100° C. and stirred. Once the reaction was complete, the resulting mixture was filtrated under reduced pressure using silica gel. Then, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. Subsequently, a precipitate obtained by using dichloromethane and methanol was filtered, and the resulting solid was dried in a vacuum oven to thereby obtain 6.53 g of Intermediate 112001-d (yield: 90%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 405.17 g/mol, found value: 405.59 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-e

6.50 g (16.0 mmol) of Intermediate 112001-d, 6.10 g (24.1 mmol) of 4,4,4′,4′,5,5,5′,5′-octamethyl-2,2′-bi(1,3,2-dioxaborolane), 4.71 g (47.8 mmol) of potassium acetate (KOAc), 0.733 g (0.801 mmol) of tris(dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium(0) (Pd 2 (dba) 3 ), 0.764 g (1.60 mmol) of X-Phos, and 120 mL of 1,4-dioxane were added to a round flask. Then, a reaction was allowed to occur while heating at a temperature of 170° C. and stirring. Once the reaction was complete, the resulting mixture was filtrated under reduced pressure using silica gel. Then, the filtrate was concentrated. A precipitate obtained by using dichloromethane and methanol was filtered, and the resulting solid was dried in a vacuum oven to thereby obtain 6.87 g of Intermediate 112001-e (yield: 86%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 498.30 g/mol, found value: 498.67 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-f

4.00 g (8.04 mmol) of Intermediate 112001-e, 7.40 g (24.2 mmol) of 2,6-dibromo-4-(tert-butyl) aniline, 0.278 g (0.242 mmol) of Pd(PPh 3 ) 4, and 120 mL of THF were stirred together. Then, 60 mL of 2 M potassium carbonate (K 2 CO 3 ) aqueous solution was added thereto, followed by stirring under reflux. Once the mixture was cooled to room temperature, an extraction process was performed using dichloromethane and distilled water, and the extracted organic layer was concentrated and adsorbed to silica gel. Then, a purification process was performed by using column chromatography charged with silica gel to thereby obtain 1.73 g of Intermediate II2001-f (yield: 36%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 597.23 g/mol, found value: 597.20 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-g

1.70 g (2.84 mmol) of Intermediate 112001-f, 0.958 g (8.53 mmol) of potassium tert-butoxide (t-BuOK), and 20 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were added to a round flask and stirred under reflux while heating. Once the reaction was complete, distilled water was added thereto, and an extraction process was performed using dichloromethane. Then, adsorption to silica gel occurred. Next, impurities were removed by using column chromatography and dried to thereby obtain 1.31 g of Intermediate 112001-g (yield: 80%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 577.22 g/mol, found value: 577.86 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-h

1.30 g (2.25 mmol) of Intermediate 112001-g, 0.871 g (3.38 mmol) of 4,4,4′,4′,5,5,5′,5′-octamethyl-2,2′-bi (1,3,2-dioxaborolane), 0.662 g (6.75 mmol) of KOAc, and 0.049 g (0.068 mmol) of [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II), (PdCl 2 (dppf)), and 30 mL of 1,4-dioxane were mixed together and stirred under reflux while heating. Once the reaction was complete, dichloromethane was added thereto, and filtration under reduced pressure was performed by using a filter charged with silica gel for concentration. Subsequently, a precipitate obtained by using dichloromethane and methanol was filtered, and the resulting solid was dried in a vacuum oven to thereby obtain 1.25 g of Intermediate 112001-h (yield: 89%).

›EXAMPLES · 2 of 8

LC-Mass (calculated value: 625.40 g/mol, found value: 625.10 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-i

0.550 g of Intermediate 112001-i was synthesized in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-c in Synthesis Example 1, except that 3,6-di-tert-butyl-1-(3,6-dibromo-2-iodophenyl)-9H-carbazole was used instead of Intermediate 112001-b (yield: 57%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 1008.35 g/mol, found value: 1009.55 (M+1))

Synthesis of Compound 112001

0.400 g (0.396 mmol) of Intermediate 112001-i, 0.075 g (0.396 mmol) of CuI, 0.071 g (0.396 mmol) of 1,10-phenanthroline, 0.336 g (1.58 mmol) of potassium phosphate, and 15 ml of DMF were heated and stirred. Once the reaction was complete, the mixture was heated and dissolved in 2 liters (L) of chloroform. Then, a filtration process was performed using silica gel and purified to thereby obtain 0.252 g of Compound 112001 (yield: 74%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 847.4865 g/mol, found value: 847.4866 (M+1))

Synthesis Example 2: Synthesis of Compound 112002

Synthesis of Intermediate 112002-a

0.581 g of Intermediate 112002-a was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-c in Synthesis Example 1 using 0.600 g (0.961 mmol) of Intermediate 112001-h, except that 0.979 g (1.44 mmol) of 1-(2,5-dibromo-4-iodophenyl)-3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazole was used instead of the Intermediate, i.e., 3,6-di-t-butyl-1-(3,6-dibromo-2-iodophenyl)-9 H-carbazole (yield: 58%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 1048.28 g/mol, found value: 1049.05 (M+1))

Synthesis of Compound 112002

0.293 g of Compound 112002 was obtained in substantially the same manner in Synthesis of Compound 112001 in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 112002-a was used instead of Intermediate 112001-i (yield: 88%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 887.4239 g/mol, found value: 887.4239 (M+1))

Synthesis Example 3: Synthesis of Compound 115001

Synthesis of Intermediate 115001-a

34.0 g of Intermediate 115001-a was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-a in Synthesis Example 1, except that 40.0 g (275 mmol) of 3-chloro-4-fluoroaniline was used instead of 4-chloro-3-fluoroaniline (yield: 55%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 223.93 g/mol, found value: 223.17 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 115001-b

9.32 g of Intermediate 115001-b was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-b in Synthesis Example 1, except that 15.0 g (66.8 mmol) of Intermediate 115001-a was used instead of Intermediate 112001-a (yield: 42%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 334.81 g/mol, found value: 334.15 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 115001-c

3.12 g of Intermediate 115001-c was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-c in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 115001-b was used instead of Intermediate 112001-b (yield: 43%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 486.10 g/mol, found value: 486.62 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 115001-d

2.43 g of Intermediate 115001-d was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-d in Synthesis Example 1, except that 3.00 g (6.16 mmol) of Intermediate 115001-c was used instead of Intermediate 112001-c (yield: 97%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 405.17 g/mol, found value: 405.63 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 115001-e

4.20 g of Intermediate 115001-e was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-e in Synthesis Example 1, except that 3.70 g (9.11 mmol) of Intermediate 115001-d was used instead of Intermediate 112001-d (yield: 93%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 498.30 g/mol, found value: 498.89 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 115001-f

1.30 g of Intermediate 115001-f was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-f in Synthesis Example 1, except that 2.00 g (4.02 mmol) of Intermediate 115001-e was used instead of Intermediate 112001-e (yield: 54%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 597.23 g/mol, found value: 597.98 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 115001-g

1.01 g of Intermediate 115001-g was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-g in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 115001-f was used instead of Intermediate 112001-f (yield: 69%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 577.22 g/mol, found value: 577.20 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 115001-h

0.972 g of Intermediate 115001-h was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-h in Synthesis Example 1, except that 1.00 g (1.73 mmol) of Intermediate 115001-g was used instead of Intermediate 112001-g (yield: 90%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 625.40 g/mol, found value: 625.28 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 115001-i

0.440 g of Intermediate 115001-i was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-i in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 115001-h was used (yield: 45%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 1008.35 g/mol, found value: 1007.95 (M+1))

Synthesis of Compound 115001

0.281 g of Compound 115001 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Compound 112001 in Synthesis Example 1, except that 0.400 g (0.396 mmol) of Intermediate 115001-i was used instead of Intermediate 112001-i (yield: 83%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 847.4865 g/mol, found value: 847.4870 (M+1))

Synthesis Example 4: Synthesis of Compound 115002

Synthesis of Intermediate 115002-a

0.516 g of Intermediate 115002-a was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112002-a in Synthesis Example 2, except that 0.600 g (0.961 mmol) of Intermediate 115001-h was used as a start material (yield: 51%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 1048.28 g/mol, found value: 1047.40 (M+1))

Synthesis of Compound 115002

0.310 g of Compound 115002 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Compound 112001 in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 115002-a was used (yield: 92%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 887.4239 g/mol, found value: 887.4252 (M+1))

›EXAMPLES · 3 of 8

Synthesis Example 5: Synthesis of Compound 115003

Synthesis of Intermediate 115003-a

0.536 g of Intermediate 115003-a was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-a in Synthesis Example 1, except that 3,6-bis(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-1-(2,5-dibromo-4-iodophenyl)-9H-carbazole was used instead of 3,6-di-t-butyl-1-(3,6-dibromo-2-iodophenyl)-9H-cabazole to react with 0.600 g of Intermediate 115001-h (0.961 mmol)(yield: 48%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 1160.41 g/mol, found value: 1161.21 (M+1))

Synthesis of Compound 115003

0.387 g of Compound 115003 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Compound 112001 in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 115003-a was used in reaction (yield: 90%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 1000.5570 g/mol, found value: 1000.5573 (M+1))

Synthesis Example 6: Synthesis of Compound 115004

Synthesis of Intermediate 115004-a

0.507 g of Intermediate 115004-a was synthesized in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-a in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 1′-(2,5-dibromo-4-iodophenyl)-9′H-9,3′: 6′,9″-tert-carbazole was used instead of Intermediate 3,6-di-t-butyl-1-(3,6-dibromo-2-iodophenyl)-9H-carbazole to react with Intermediate 115001-h (0.600 g, 0.961 mmol), followed by purification (yield: 43%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 1226.34 g/mol, found value: 1225.88 (M+1))

Synthesis of Compound 115004

0.395 g of Compound 115004 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Compound 112001 in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 115004-a was used in reaction (yield: 91%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 1066.4849 g/mol, found value: 1066.4848 (M+1))

Synthesis Example 7: Synthesis of Compound 115005

Synthesis of Intermediate 115005-a

1.17 g of Intermediate 115005-a was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-f in Synthesis Example 1, except that 3.96 g (12.1 mmol) of 3,5-dibromo-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-amine was used instead of Intermediate 2,6-dibromo-4-(t-butyl) aniline to react with Intermediate 115001-e (yield: 47%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 617.20 g/mol, found value: 617.44 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 115005-b

1.37 g of Intermediate 115005-b was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-g in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 115005-a was used (yield: 71%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 597.19 g/mol, found value: 597.72 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 115005-c

0.949 g of Intermediate 115005-c was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-h in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 115005-b was used in reaction (yield: 88%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 645.37 g/mol, found value: 646.01 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 115005-d

0.751 g of Intermediate 115005-d was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-c in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 115005-c was used as a start material (yield: 61%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 1028.32 g/mol, found value: 1029.22 (M+1))

Synthesis of Compound 115005

0.421 g of Compound 115005 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Compound 112001 in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 115005-d was used in reaction (yield: 86%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 868.4631 g/mol, found value: 868.4633 (M+1))

Synthesis Example 8: Synthesis of Compound 115006

Synthesis of Intermediate 115006-a

1.28 g of Intermediate 115006-a was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112002-a in Synthesis Example 2, except that Intermediate 115005-b was used in reaction (yield: 52%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 1068.25 g/mol, found value: 1067.78 (M+1))

Synthesis of Compound 115006

0.243 g of Compound 115006 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Compound 112001 in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 115006-a was used in reaction (yield: 95%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 908.4005 g/mol, found value: 908.4010 (M+1))

Synthesis Example 9: Synthesis of Compound 115007

Synthesis of Intermediate 115007-a

1.08 g of Intermediate 115007-a was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of 112001-f in Synthesis Example 1, except that 2,6-dibromo-4-(9H-carbazole-9-yl) aniline was used instead of Intermediate 2,6-dibromo-4-(tert-butyl) aniline to react with Intermediate 115001-e, followed by purification (yield: 38%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 706.22 g/mol, found value: 707.01 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 115007-b

1.53 g of Intermediate 115007-b was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-g in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 115007-a was used in reaction (yield: 63%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 686.22 g/mol, found value: 686.75 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 115007-c

1.13 g of Intermediate 115007-c was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-h in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 115007-b was used (yield: 85%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 734.39 g/mol, found value: 734.52 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 115007-d

0.821 g of Intermediate 115007-d was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-c in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 115007-c was used in reaction (yield: 48%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 1117.34 g/mol, found value: 1118.52 (M+1))

Synthesis of Compound 115007

0.642 g of Compound 115007 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Compound 112001 in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 115007-d was used in reaction (yield: 81%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 957.4896 g/mol, found value: 957.4900 (M+1))

Synthesis Example 10: Synthesis of Compound 115008

Synthesis of Intermediate 115008-a

1.35 g of Intermediate 115008-a was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-c in Synthesis Example 1, except that 3,6-diphenyl-1-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-9H-carbazole was used as a start material instead of 3,6-di-tert-butyl-1-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-9H-carbazole to react with Intermediate 115001-b (yield: 42%).

›EXAMPLES · 4 of 8

LC-Mass (calculated value: 526.04 g/mol, found value: 527.00 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 115008-b

3.5213 g of Intermediate 115008-b was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-c in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 115008-a was used in reaction (yield: 91%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 446.11 g/mol, found value: 446.29 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 115008-c

2.13 g of Intermediate 115008-c was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-e in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 115008-b was used instead of Intermediate 112001-d (yield: 71%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 538.24 g/mol, found value: 538.78 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 115008-d

1.73 g of Intermediate 115008-d was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-f in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 115008-c was used (yield: 45%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 637.17 g/mol, found value: 638.05 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 115008-e

1.32 g of Intermediate 115008-e was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-g in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 115008-d was used in reaction (yield: 65%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 617.16 g/mol, found value: 617.85 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 115008-f

1.02 g of Intermediate 115008-f was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-h in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 115008-e was used in reaction (yield: 81%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 665.33 g/mol, found value: 666.11 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 115008-g

Intermediate 115008-f was subjected to synthesis in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-c in Synthesis Example 1. Once the reaction and purification were complete, 1.00 g of Intermediate 115008-g was obtained (yield: 47%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 1048.28 g/mol, found value: 1047.99 (M+1))

Synthesis of Compound 115008

0.441 g of Compound 115008 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Compound 112001 in Synthesis Example 1 (yield: 83%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 888.4318 g/mol, found value: 888.4320 (M+1)) Synthesis Example 11: Synthesis of Compound 115009

Synthesis of Intermediate 115009-a

Intermediate 115008-f was subjected to synthesis in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112002-a in Synthesis Example 2. 1.23 g of Intermediate 115009-a was obtained after purification completed (yield: 44%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 1088.22 g/mol, found value: 1089.11 (M+1))

Synthesis of Compound 115009

0.333 g of Compound 115009 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Compound 112001 in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 115009-a was used in reaction (yield: 91%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 928.3692 g/mol, found value: 928.3690 (M+1))

Synthesis Example 12: Synthesis of Compound 121001

Synthesis of Intermediate 121001-a

100 g (326 mmol) of 2,6-dibromo-4-(tert-butyl) aniline, 276 g (1.30 mol) of m-chloroperbenzoic acid (mCPBA), and 1,500 mL of 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) were added to a round flask and stirred. After heating for reflux and cooling for 16 hours, a sodium thiosulfate aqueous solution was added thereto. Then an extraction process was performed using dichloromethane and distilled water. The extracted organic layer was purified using column chromatography and dried to thereby obtain 62.1 g of Intermediate 121001-a (yield: 56%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 335.92 g/mol, found value: 336.02 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 121001-b

12.5 g of Intermediate 121001-b was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-f in Synthesis Example 1, except that 15.0 g (98.9 mmol) of (2-methoxyphenyl) boronic acid was used as a start material instead of 50.0 g (148 mmol) of Intermediate 121001-a (yield: 35%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 364.05 g/mol, found value: 365.11 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 121001-c

20.0 g (54.9 mmol) of Intermediate 121001-b and 200 mL of triethyl phosphite were stirred in a round flask and heated for 3 days at a temperature of 200° C. to allow a reaction to occur. Once the reaction was complete, 1,000 mL of ethanol was added thereto, followed by stirring for 3 hours. After an extraction process was complete, separation and purification were performed through column chromatography to remove impurities. 4.01 g of Intermediate 121001-c was obtained after drying (yield: 22%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 332.07 g/mol, found value: 332.55 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 121001-d

15.0 g (45.1 mmol) of Intermediate 121001-c was used in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-h in Synthesis Example 1. 15.3 g of Intermediate 121001-d was obtained after purification completed (yield: 89%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 380.24 g/mol, found value: 379.98 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 121001-e

8.27 g of Intermediate 121001-e was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-i in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 121001-d was used instead of Intermediate 112001-h (yield: 41%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 763.19 g/mol, found value: 763.15 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 121001-f

5.91 g of Intermediate 121001-f was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Compound 112001 in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 121001-d was used in reaction (yield: 94%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 603.34 g/mol, found value: 604.21 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 121001-g

A reaction was performed in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-a in Synthesis Example 1, except that THF was used instead of DMF as a solvent, and Intermediate 121001-f was used in reaction. 1.62 g of Intermediate 121001-g was obtained (yield: 48%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 681.25 g/mol, found value: 681.77 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 121001-h

›EXAMPLES · 5 of 8

5.00 g (7.33 mmol) of Intermediate 121001-g was dissolved in 100 ml of dichloromethane and cooled to −78° C. Then, 3.67 g (14.7 mmol) of boron tribromide (BBr 3 ) was slowly added thereto. 24 hours after stirring, distilled water was added thereto to quench excess BBr 3 . Then, neutralization was performed until pH 7 was reacted by using a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. An extraction process was performed using dichloromethane and distilled water. Then, precipitation was performed using n-hexane, followed by filtering and drying. 3.12 g of Intermediate 121001-h was thus obtained (yield: 64%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 667.23 g/mol, found value: 667.01 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 121001-i

12.0 g (18.0 mmol) of Intermediate 121001-h, 2.84 g (35.9 mmol) of pyridine, and 120 mL of dichloromethane were added to a round flask, and the temperature was adjusted to 0° C. 6.08 g (21.6 mmol) of triflic anhydride was dissolved in 60 mL of dichloromethane, and the solution was slowly added to a round flask and stirred at room temperature for three hours. Once the reaction was complete, diethyl ether and a hydrochloride (HCl) aqueous solution were used for quenching and extraction. Then, a purification process was performed using column chromatography. Once the drying complete, 10.2 g of Intermediate 121001-i was obtained (yield: 71%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 799.18 g/mol, found value: 800.01 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 121001-j

2.64 g of Intermediate 121001-j was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-f in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 121001-i was used in reaction, followed by purification (yield: 50%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 928.42 g/mol, found value: 927.97 (M+1))

Synthesis of Compound 121001

1.65 g of Compound 121001 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-d in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 121001-j was used in reaction (yield: 90%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 848.4944 g/mol, found value: 848.4949 (M+1))

Synthesis Example 13: Synthesis of Compound 121002

Synthesis of Intermediate 121002-a

1.32 g of Intermediate 121001-a was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-f in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 121002-i was used in reaction (yield: 42%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 968.36 g/mol, found value: 968.72 (M+1))

Synthesis of Compound 121002

0.87 g of Compound 121002 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-d in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 121002-a was used in reaction (yield: 88%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 888.4318 g/mol, found value: 888.4317 (M+1))

Synthesis Example 14: Synthesis of Compound 122001

Synthesis of Intermediate 122001-a

A reaction was performed in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-c in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 115001-h was used. 1.11 g of Intermediate 122001-a was obtained after purification completed (yield: 43%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 1008.35 g/mol, found value: 1007.77 (M+1))

Synthesis of Compound 122001

0.52 g of Compound 122001 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Compound 112001 in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 122001-a was used in reaction (yield: 89%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 848.4944 g/mol, found value: 848.4953 (M+1))

Synthesis Example 15: Synthesis of Compound 122002

Synthesis of Intermediate 122002-a

0.95 g of Intermediate 122002-a was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-c in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 115001-h was used in reaction (yield: 46%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 1048.28 g/mol, found value: 1049.01 (M+1))

Synthesis of Compound 122002

0.532 g of Compound 122002 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Compound 112001 in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 122002-a was used in reaction (yield: 79%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 888.4318 g/mol, found value: 888.4320 (M+1))

Synthesis Example 16: Synthesis of Compound 124001

Synthesis of Intermediate 124001-a

A reaction was performed in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-i in Synthesis Example 1, except that 1-(5-bromo-2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazole was used instead of 3,6-di-tert-butyl-1-(3,6-dibromo-2-iodophenyl)-9H-carbazole. Then, 1.23 g of Intermediate 124001-a was obtained (yield: 65%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 920.45 g/mol, found value: 921.54 (M+1))

Synthesis of Compound 124001

0.71 g of Compound 124001 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Compound 112001 in Synthesis Example 1, except that dimethyl sulfoxide was used instead of DMF was used in reaction (yield: 64%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 848.4944 g/mol, found value: 848.4946 (M+1))

Synthesis Example 17: Synthesis of Compound 141001

Synthesis of Intermediate 141001-a

245 g of Intermediate 141001-a was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 121001-b in Synthesis Example 12, except that 268 g (1.04 mol) of 2-bromo-4-(tert-butyl)-1-nitrobenzene was used instead of Intermediate 121001-a, followed by purification (yield: 78%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 364.05 g/mol, found value: 364.72 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 141001-b

100 g (0.275 mol) of Intermediate 141001-a, 216 g (0.824 mol) of triphenylphosphine (PPh 3 ), and 750 ml of 1,2-dichlorobenzne (o-DCB) were stirred together while heating at a temperature of 200° C. 5 hours later, 72.0 g (0.275 mol) of PPh 3 was added thereto to perform a reaction. Once the reaction was complete, excess o-DCB and PPh 3 were removed by using silica filter, and then, impurities were separated and purified through column chromatography. 73.9 g of Intermediate 141001-b was thus obtained (yield: 81%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 332.07 g/mol, found value: 331.99 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 141001-c

›EXAMPLES · 6 of 8

66.8 g of Intermediate 141001-c was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-h in Synthesis Example 1, except that 75.0 g (0.226 mmol) of Intermediate 141001-b was used instead of Intermediate 112001-g in reaction (yield: 78%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 380.24 g/mol, found value: 381.01 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 141001-d

38.3 g of Intermediate 141001-d was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-i in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 141001-c was used instead of Intermediate 112001-h (yield: 38%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 763.19 g/mol, found value: 763.88 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 141001-e

A reaction was performed in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Compound 112001 in Synthesis Example 1, except that 42.0 g (54.9 mmol) of Intermediate 141001-d was used as a start material. 30.8 g of Intermediate 141001-e was thus obtained (yield: 93%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 603.34 g/mol, found value: 603.97 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 141001-f

14.2 g of Intermediate 141001-f was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 121001-g in Synthesis Example 12, except that 20.0 g (33.2 mmol) of Intermediate 141001-e was used in reaction (yield: 63%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 681.25 g/mol, found value: 682.01 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 141001-g

9.99 g of Intermediate 141001-g was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 121001-h in Synthesis Example 12, except that 15.0 g (22.0 mmol) of Intermediate 141001-f was used instead of Intermediate 121001-h in reaction (yield: 68%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 667.23 g/mol, found value: 667.33 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 141001-h

A reaction was performed n substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 121001-i in Synthesis Example 12, except that 5.00 g (7.49 mmol) of Intermediate 141001-g was used as a start material. 3.77 g of Intermediate 141001-h was thus obtained (yield: 63%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 799.18 g/mol, found value: 800.01 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 141001-i

1.05 g of Intermediate 141001-i was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 121001-i in Synthesis Example 12, except that 2.00 g (2.50 mmol) of Intermediate 141001-h was used instead of Intermediate 121001-i in reaction (yield: 45%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 928.42 g/mol, found value: 928.51 (M+1))

Synthesis of Compound 141001

0.642 g of Compound 141001 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-d in Synthesis Example 1, except that 0.800 g (0.861 mmol) of Intermediate 141001-i was in reaction (yield: 88%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 848.4944 g/mol, found value: 848.4948 (M+1))

Synthesis Example 18: Synthesis of Compound 143001

Synthesis of Intermediate 143001-a

13.7 g of Intermediate 143001-a was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 124001-a in Synthesis Example 2, except that Intermediate 141001-c was used in reaction (yield: 65%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 675.29 g/mol, found value: 674.98 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 143001-b

A reaction was performed in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Compound 124001 in Synthesis Example, except that Intermediate 143001-a was used. 10.2 g of Intermediate 143001-b was thus obtained (yield: 78%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 603.34 g/mol, found value: 603.44 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 143001-c

3.51 g of Intermediate 141001-c was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 121001-g in Synthesis Example 12 (yield: 37%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 681.25 g/mol, found value: 680.78 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 143001-d

2.12 g of Intermediate 143001-d was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 121001-h in Synthesis Example 12 (yield: 71%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 667.23 g/mol, found value: 667.75 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 143001-e

1.78 g of Intermediate 143001-e was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 121001-i in Synthesis Example 12, except that Intermediate 143001-d was used in reaction (yield: 65%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 799.18 g/mol, found value: 799.82 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 143001-f

0.521 g of Intermediate 143001-f was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 121001-j in Synthesis Example 12, except that Intermediate 143001-e was used in reaction (yield: 32%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 928.42 g/mol, found value: 927.98 (M+1))

Synthesis of Compound 143001

0.432 g of Compound 143001 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-d in Synthesis Example 1 (yield: 89%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 848.4944 g/mol, found value: 848.4944 (M+1))

Synthesis Example 19: Synthesis of Compound 153001

Synthesis of Intermediate 153001-a

16.7 g of Intermediate 153001-a was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-c in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 141001-c and Intermediate 112001-b were used in reaction (yield: 42%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 460.05 g/mol, found value: 461.01 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 153001-b

10.2 g of Intermediate 153001-b was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-d in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 153001-a was used in reaction (yield: 91%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 380.12 g/mol, found value: 380.55 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 153001-c

25.0 g (65.8 mmol) of 153001-b and 400 mL of ethanol were added to a round flask and stirred. 65.8 mmol of sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) was slowly added thereto, and 16.3 g (72.4 mmol) of N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) was dissolved in ethanol. The solution was slowly added to the reaction product. After stirring for 6 hours at room temperature, sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO 3 ) and sodium thiosulfate (Na 2 S 2 O 3 ) were used for neutralization and quenching. An extraction performed using dichloromethane and distilled water. Then, impurities were separated and purified using column chromatography to thereby obtain 23.6 g of Intermediate 153001-c (yield: 71%).

›EXAMPLES · 7 of 8

LC-Mass (calculated value: 506.02 g/mol, found value: 506.44 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 153001-d

11.7 g of Intermediate 153001-d was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 121001-h in Synthesis Example 12 (yield: 55%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 492.00 g/mol, found value: 491.88 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 153001-e

12.1 g of Intermediate 153001-e was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 121001-i in Synthesis Example 12, except that Intermediate 153001-d was used in reaction (yield: 66%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 623.95 g/mol, found value: 624.11 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 153001-f

5.31 g of Intermediate 153001-f was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-i in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 153001-e was used (yield: 41%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 775.24 g/mol, found value: 775.98 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 153001-g

2.21 g of Intermediate 153001-g was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-d in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 153001-f was used in reaction (yield: 65%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 625.28 g/mol, found value: 625.88 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 153001-h

0.192 g (8.00 mmol) of sodium hydride (NaH) and 10 mL of DMF were added to a round flask and stirred. Then, a solution in which 1.07 g (3.84 mmol) of 3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazole was dissolved in 20 mL of DMF was slowly added thereto and stirred until the solution became transparent. Subsequently, 2.00 g (3.20 mmol) of Intermediate 153001-g was added thereto, followed by heating at a temperature of 150° C. to allow a reaction to occur. Once the reaction was complete, excess distilled water was added thereto, and a solid obtained by filtration was dissolved in dichloromethane. Then, precipitation was performed by using methanol. This process was performed repeatedly for filtration. After drying, 2.21 g of Intermediate 153001-h was obtained (yield: 78%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 884.47 g/mol, found value: 885.02 (M+1))

Synthesis of Compound 153001

1.50 g (1.70 mmol) of Intermediate 153001-h, 0.193 g (0.848 mmol) of benzyltriethylammonium chloride (BnEt 3 NCl), 1.80 g (8.48 mmol) of potassium phosphate, 0.170 mmol of tri-tert-butylphosphine (P(t-Bu) 3 ), 0.078 g (0.085 mmol) of tris(dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium(0) (Pd 2 (dba) 3 ), and 50 ml of N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) were stirred and heated at a temperature of 200° C. Once the reaction was complete, excess chloroform was dissolved therein by heating. Then, the resulting mixture was subjected to filtration under reduced pressure using a filter charged with silica. The filtrate was then concentrated and precipitated using methanol. 1.11 g of Compound 153001 was obtained after drying (yield: 77%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 848.4944 g/mol, found value: 848.4941 (M+1)

Synthesis Example 20: Synthesis of Compound 164001

Synthesis of Intermediate 164001-a

A reaction was performed in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 153001-a in Synthesis Example 19, except that Intermediate 115001-b was used instead of Intermediate 112001-b. 20.8 g of Intermediate 164001-a was thus obtained (yield: 45%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 460.05 g/mol, found value: 460.77 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 164001-b

A reaction was performed in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 153001-b in Synthesis Example 19, except that Intermediate 164001-a was used instead of Intermediate 153001-a. 15.3 g of Intermediate 164001-b was thus obtained (yield: 88%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 380.12 g/mol, found value: 380.41 (M+1)

Synthesis of Intermediate 164001-c

A reaction was performed in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 153001-c in Synthesis Example 19, except that Intermediate 164001-b was used instead of Intermediate 153001-b. 10.2 g of Intermediate 164001-c was thus obtained (yield: 66%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 506.02 g/mol, found value: 506.14 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 164001-d

A reaction was performed in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 153001-d in Synthesis Example 19, except that Intermediate 164001-c was used instead of Intermediate 153001-c. 8.53 g of Intermediate 164001-d was thus obtained (yield: 71%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 492.00 g/mol, found value: 491.95 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 164001-e

A reaction was performed in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 153001-e in Synthesis Example 19, except that Intermediate 164001-d was used instead of Intermediate 153001-d. Once the reaction and purification were complete, 5.42 g of Intermediate 164001-e was obtained (yield: 74%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 623.95 g/mol, found value: 624.51 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 164001-f

A reaction was performed in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 153001-f in Synthesis Example 19, except that Intermediate 164001-e was used as a start material. 2.51 g of Intermediate 164001-f was thus obtained (yield: 32%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 775.24 g/mol, found value: 775.57 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 164001-g

A reaction was performed in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 153001-g in Synthesis Example 19, except that Intermediate 164001-f was used instead of Intermediate 153001-f. 1.57 g of Intermediate 164001-g was thus obtained (yield: 75%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 625.28 g/mol, found value: 625.93 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 164001-h

1.12 g of Intermediate 164001-h was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 153001-h in Synthesis Example 19, except that Intermediate 164001-g was used in reaction (yield: 65%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 884.47 g/mol, found value: 884.91 (M+1))

Synthesis of Compound 164001

A reaction was performed in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Compound 153001 in Synthesis Example 19, except that Intermediate 164001-h was used in reaction. Once the synthesis was complete, 0.579 g of Compound 164001 was thus obtained (yield: 68%).

›EXAMPLES · 8 of 8

LC-Mass (calculated value: 848.4944 g/mol, found value: 848.4943 (M+1))

Synthesis Example 21: Synthesis of Compound 174001

Synthesis of Intermediate 174001-a

3.24 g of Intermediate 174001-a was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 115001-i in Synthesis Example 3, except that Intermediate 141001-c and Intermediate 115001-h were used in reaction (yield: 42%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 763.19 g/mol, found value: 762.87 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 174001-b

2.89 g of Intermediate 174001-b was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Compound 112001 in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 174001-a was used in reaction (yield: 97%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 603.34 g/mol, found value: 602.98 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 174001-c

A reaction was performed in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 121001-g in Synthesis Example 12, except that Intermediate 174001-b was used in reaction. 1.79 g of Intermediate 174001-c was obtained (yield: 75%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 681.25 g/mol, found value: 681.82 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 174001-d

1.42 g of Intermediate 174001-d was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 121001-h in Synthesis Example 12, except that Intermediate 174001-c was used instead of Intermediate 121001-g (yield: 63%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 667.23 g/mol, found value: 667.42 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 174001-e

A reaction was performed in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 121001-i in Synthesis Example 12, except that Intermediate 174001-d was used. 1.23 g of Intermediate 174001-e was obtained (yield: 58%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 799.18 g/mol, found value: 800.21 (M+1))

Synthesis of Intermediate 174001-f

0.852 g of Intermediate 174001-f was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-f in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 174001-e was used in reaction (yield: 59%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 928.42 g/mol, found value: 928.66 (M+1))

Synthesis of Compound 1

0.512 g of Compound 174001 was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis of Intermediate 112001-d in Synthesis Example 1, except that Intermediate 174001-f was used in reaction (yield: 92%).

LC-Mass (calculated value: 848.4944 g/mol, found value: 848.4944 (M+1)) Evaluation Example 1: Evaluation on HOMO, LUMO, T 1 , and S 1 energy levels

The HOMO, LUMO, T 1 and S 1 energy levels of the compounds shown in Table 2 were measured according to the method described in Table 17. The results thereof are shown in Table 18:

Referring to the results of Table 18, Compounds 115001 and 115002 were each found to have improved electrical characteristics.

Evaluation Example 2: Evaluation of Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM)

As the method described in Table 19, photoluminescence spectra of the compounds shown in Table 20 were measured, and the FWHM of each compound was evaluated. The results thereof are shown in Table 20.

Referring to the results of Table 20, Compounds 115001 and 115002 were each found to have improved color characteristics.

Evaluation Example 3: Evaluation of Photoluminescent Quantum Yield (PLQY) and Decay Time

(1) Preparation of Thin Film

A quartz substrate was prepared by washing with chloroform and pure water. Then, as shown in Table 21, each compound and Host Compound mCP and TSPO1 were co-deposited at a weight ratio of 5:5 (wherein, the weight of each evaluated compound of the total weight of the host and each evaluated compound was 1 wt %) at a vacuum pressure of 10 −7 torr to thereby form a thin film having a thickness of 40 nm. (Co-deposition was performed in the same manner as described in Table 19.)

(2) Evaluation of Photoluminescent Quantum Yield

Photoluminescent quantum yields in the thin film was evaluated by using Hamamatsu Photonics absolute PL quantum yield measurement system employing PLQY measurement software (Hamamatsu Photonics, Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan), in which a xenon light source, a monochromator, a photonic multichannel analyzer, and an integrating sphere are mounted. Thus, PLQY of the compounds shown in Table 21 were measured accordingly.

(3) Decay Time Evaluation

TRPL measurement system C11367-31 (Hamamatsu Photonics) and a mounted LED lamp (excitation wavelength of 280 nanometers) were used to evaluate the PL spectrum of each thin film under nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature to thereby determine the maximum emission peak. A repetition rate of excitation on the thin film by the LED lamp was set to 1 kilohertz (KHz), and the number of photons emitted from the wavelength of the maximum emission peak was counted repeatedly to thereby obtain a TRPL curve that may be analyzed. T decay (Ex)(decay time) of the thin film was obtained by fitting at least two exponential decay functions to the results thereof. The functions used for the fitting are as described in Equation 1, and a decay time T decay having the largest value among values for each of the exponential decay functions used for the fitting was taken as T decay (Ex), i.e., a decay time. The results thereof are shown in Table 21. The remaining decay time T decay values were used to determine the lifetime of typical fluorescence to be decayed. Here, during the same measurement time as the measurement time for obtaining TRPL curves, the same measurement was repeated once more in a dark state (i.e., a state where a pumping signal incident on each of the films was blocked), thereby obtaining a baseline or a background signal curve available as a baseline for the fitting:

Referring to the results of Table 21, Compounds 115001 and 115002 were each found to have improved PLQY thin film characteristics and excellent device characteristics, although Compounds 115001 and 115002 had a relatively long decay time.

›Examples5

›Example 1-1

An ITO glass substrate was cut to a size of 50 millimeters (mm)×50 mm×0.5 mm. Then the glass substrate was sonicated in acetone isopropyl alcohol and pure water for about 15 minutes each, and cleaned by exposure to ultraviolet rays and ozone for 30 minutes.

Subsequently, PEDOT: PSS was spin-coated on an ITO electrode (anode) on a glass substrate to form a first hole injection layer having a thickness of 40 nm. TAPC was then deposited on the first hole injection layer to form a second hole injection layer having a thickness of 5 nm. TCTA was deposited on the second hole injection layer to form a first hole transport layer having a thickness of 5 nm. PCzAc was deposited on the first hole transport layer to form a second hole transport layer having a thickness of 5 nm. Then, mCP was deposited on the second hole transport layer to form an electron blocking layer having a thickness of 5 nm. Thus, a hole transport region was formed.

mCP (as a first host), TSPO1 (as a second host), and Compound 115001 (as a dopant) were co-deposited on the hole transport region (wherein, the weight of the dopant of the total weight of the first host, the second host, and the dopant was 1 wt %) to thereby form an emission layer having a thickness of 25 nm.

Thereafter, TSPO1 was deposited on the emission layer to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 25 nm, LiF was deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of 1.5 nm, and Al was deposited on the electron injection layer to a thickness of 200 nm, thereby completing the manufacture of an organic light-emitting device.

›Example 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-3

Organic light-emitting devices were manufactured in substantially the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that compounds shown in Table 22 were used as a dopant in the formation of an emission layer.

›Example 2-1

Subsequently, PEDOT: PSS was spin-coated on an ITO electrode (anode) on a glass substrate to form a first hole injection layer having a thickness of 40 nm. BDCFL was then deposited on the first hole injection layer to form a second hole injection layer having a thickness of 10 nm. TNPA was deposited on the second hole injection layer to form a first hole transport layer having a thickness of 10 nm. PCzAc was deposited on the first hole transport layer to form a second hole transport layer having a thickness of 5 nm. Then, mCP was deposited on the second hole transport layer to form an electron blocking layer having a thickness of 5 nm. Thus, a hole transport region was formed.

Compound Host* and Compound 115001 (as a dopant) were co-deposited on the hole transport region (wherein, the total weight of the host and the dopant was 1 wt %) to thereby form an emission layer having a thickness of 30 nm.

TNPT was deposited on the emission layer to form a hole blocking layer having a thickness of 5 nm, and ZADN was deposited on the hole blocking layer to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 20 nm. Next, LiF was deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of 1.5 nm, and aluminum (Al) was then deposited on the electron injection layer to a thickness of 200 nm, thereby completing the manufacture of an organic light-emitting device.

Examples 2-2 and Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-3

Organic light-emitting devices were manufactured in substantially the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that compounds shown in Table 23 were used as a dopant in the formation of an emission layer.

›Example 3-1

Subsequently, PEDOT: PSS was spin-coated on an ITO electrode (anode) on a glass substrate to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 90 nm. TAPC was then deposited on the hole injection layer to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of 20 nm. mCP was deposited on the hole transport layer to form an electron blocking layer having a thickness of 10 nm. Thus, a hole transport region was formed.

DPEPO (as a host), DMAC-DPS (as a sensitizer), and Compound 115001 (as a dopant)(wherein, the weight of the dopant of the total weight of the host, the sensitizer, and the dopant was 1 wt %, and the weight of the sensitizer of the total weight of the host, the sensitizer, and the dopant was 20 wt %) were co-deposited on the hole transport region to form an emission layer having a thickness of 25 nm.

Next, TSPO1 was deposited on the emission layer to form a first electron transport layer having a thickness of 5 nm. Then, TPBi was deposited on the first electron transport layer to form a second electron transport layer having a thickness of 20 nm. LiF was then deposited on the second electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of 1.5 nm. Finally, aluminum (Al) was deposited on the electron injection layer to a thickness of 200 nm, thereby completing the manufacture of a light-emitting device.

›Example 3-2 and Comparative Example 3-1

Organic light-emitting devices were manufactured in substantially the same manner as in Example 3-1, except that compounds shown in Table 24 were used as a sensitizer and a dopant in the formation of an emission layer.

Evaluation Example: Evaluation OLED Characteristics

The driving voltage, maximum external quantum yield, electricity efficiency, current efficiency, CIE color-coordinate (at 1,000 nit), conversion efficiency, and FWHM of the organic light-emitting devices of the Examples and the Comparative Examples were measured by using a current voltmeter (Keithley 2400) and a luminance meter (Minolta Cs-1000A). The results thereof are shown in Tables 22 to 24. Here, Comparative Examples C1 and C2 were not operated and thus not be evaluated.

Referring to the results of Tables 22 to 24, the organic light-emitting devices of the Examples were found to have high colorimetric purity and/or high efficiency, as compared with the organic light-emitting device of the Comparative Examples. In particular, Comparative Example 1-3 was found to have a relatively great FWHM and a significantly deteriorated conversion efficiency, i.e., efficiency at a desired CIEy, as compared with Examples 1-1 and 1-2. That is, even when 3 ICz(s) are included, a specific geometrical structure needs to be satisfied to provide an organic light-emitting device having high colorimetric purity and/or high efficiency.

In addition, referring to the results of Tables 22 to 24, the heterocyclic compound was found to be applicable to organic light-emitting devices that emit according to various mechanisms. On the other hand, Compounds C1 to C3 did not emit in devices having a similar structure as Example 3-1. Thus, comparative devices that correspond to Example 3-1 were not be manufactured by using Compounds C1 to C3. Likewise, Compounds C1 and C2 did not emit in devices having a similar structure as Example 3-2. Thus, comparative devices that correspond to Example 3-2 were not be manufactured by using Compounds C1 and C2.

As apparent from the foregoing description, an organic light-emitting device including the heterocyclic compound may have improved efficiency and/or colorimetric purity.

It should be understood that embodiments described herein should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each embodiment should typically be considered as available for other similar features or aspects in other embodiments. While one or more embodiments have been described with reference to the figures, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope as defined by the following claims.

›Tables in the description — 19

wherein, in Formulae 11, 12, and 14 to 17,	A 11 and A 13 are each independently a group represented by Formula 2-1,	A 12 is a group represented by Formula 2-2,	A 14 is a group represented by Formula 2-3,
wherein, in Formulae 2-1 to 2-3,	X 11 to X 16 , Y 11 to Y 16 , and Z 11 to Z 16 are each independently a carbon atom, any suitable two adjacent groups X 13 to X 16 may be 1 and 2 in Formulae 11 and 12 or 5 and 6 in Formulae 14 to 17, and any suitable two adjacent groups Y 13 to Y 16 may be 3 and 4 in Formulae 11 and 12, and any suitable two adjacent groups Z 14 to Z 16 may be 7 and 8 in Formulae 14 to 17,	in Formula 11, ii) 1 is X 13 , 2 is X 14 , 3 is Y 14 , and 4 is Y 15 ; or v) 1 is X 14 , 2 is X 15 , 3 is Y 14 , and 4 is Y 15 , in Formula 12, i) 1 is X 13 , 2 is X 14 , 3 is Y 13 , and 4 is Y 14 ; ii) 1 is X 13 , 2 is X 14 , 3 is Y 14 , and 4 is Y 15 ; or iv) 1 is X 14 , 2 is X 15 , 3 is Y 14 , and 4 is Y 15 , in Formula 14, i) 5 is X 13 , 6 is X 14 , 7 is Z 14 , and 8 is Z 15 ; iii) 5 is X 14 , 6 is X 15 , 7 is Z 14 , and 8 is Z 15 ; or iv) 5 is X 14 , 6 is X 15 , 7 is Z 15 , and 8 is Z 16 , in Formula 15, iii) 5 is X 14 , 6 is X 15 , 7 is Z 14 , and 8 is Z 15 ; in Formula 16, iii) 5 is X 14 , 6 is X 15 , 7 is Z 14 , and 8 is Z 15 ; or iv) 5 is X 14 , 6 is X 15 , 7 is Z 15 , and 8 is Z 16 , in Formula 17, iv) 5 is X 14 , 6 is X 15 , 7 is Z 15 , and 8 is Z 16 ,	R 11 to R 19 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF 5 , a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 7 -C 60 alkyl aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —Ge(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —C(Q 1 )(Q 2 )(Q 3 ), —B(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —N(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —P(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —C(═O)(Q 1 ), —S(═O)(Q 1 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 1 ), —P(═O)(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), or —P(═S)(Q 1 )(Q 2 ),	b11, b14, and b19 are each independently 0, 1, 2, or 3,	b12, b15, and b18 are each independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4,	b13 and b16 are each independently 0, 1, or 2, and	b17 is 0 or 1,	wherein Q 1 to Q 3 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, a C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, a C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, a C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a C 7 -C 60 alkyl aryl group, a C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, a C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group, a C 2 -C 60 alkyl heteroaryl group, a C 1 -C 60 heteroaryloxy group, a C 1 -C 60 heteroarylthio group, a monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group substituted with at least one deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, and a C 6 -C 60 aryl group, and a C 6 -C 60 aryl group substituted with at least one deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, or a C 6 -C 60 aryl group.

TABLE 10

Compound No.	R 11b	R 12c	R 15C	R 18b	R 19b
174001	t-Bu	t-Bu	t-Bu	t-Bu	t-Bu
174002	Ph	Ph	t-Bu	Ph	Ph
174003	t-Bu	t-Bu	H	H	H
174004	H	H	t-Bu	H	H
174005	H	H	H	t-Bu	t-Bu
174006	t-Bu	t-Bu	t-Bu	H	H
174007	H	H	t-Bu	t-Bu	t-Bu
174008	t-Bu	t-Bu	H	t-Bu	t-Bu
174009	Ph	Ph	H	H	H
174010	H	H	Ph	H	H
174011	H	H	H	Ph	Ph
174012	Ph	Ph	Ph	H	H
174013	H	H	Ph	Ph	Ph
174014	Ph	Ph	H	Ph	Ph
174015	CN	CN	H	H	H
174016	H	H	CN	H	H
174017	H	H	H	CN	CN
174018	CN	CN	CN	H	H
174019	H	H	CN	CN	CN
174020	CN	CN	H	CN	CN
174021	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	H	H	H
174022	H	H	9-Cbz	H	H
174023	H	H	H	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174024	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	H	H
174025	H	H	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174026	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	H	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174027	Me	Me	H	H	H
174028	H	H	Me	H	H
174029	H	H	H	Me	Me
174030	Me	Me	Me	H	H
174031	H	H	Me	Me	Me
174032	Me	Me	H	Me	Me
174033	CD 3	CD3	H	H	H
174034	H	H	CD3	H	H
174035	H	H	H	CD3	CD3
174036	CD3	CD3	CD3	H	H
174037	H	H	CD3	CD3	CD3
174038	CD3	CD3	H	CD3	CD3
174039	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	H	H	H
174040	H	H	4-t-BuPh	H	H
174041	H	H	H	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174042	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	H	H
174043	H	H	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174044	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	H	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174045	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	H	H	H
174046	H	H	1,3-di-t-BuPh	H	H
174047	H	H	H	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174048	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	H	H
174049	H	H	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174050	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	H	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174051	t-Bu	t-Bu	Ph	H	H
174052	t-Bu	t-Bu	CN	H	H
174053	t-Bu	t-Bu	DPA	H	H
174054	t-Bu	t-Bu	2-DBF	H	H
174055	t-Bu	t-Bu	2-DBT	H	H
174056	t-Bu	t-Bu	4-t-BuPh	H	H
174057	t-Bu	t-Bu	1,3-di-t-BuPh	H	H
174058	t-Bu	t-Bu	9-Cbz	H	H
174059	t-Bu	t-Bu	Ph	t-Bu	t-Bu
174060	t-Bu	t-Bu	CN	t-Bu	t-Bu
174061	t-Bu	t-Bu	DPA	t-Bu	t-Bu
174062	t-Bu	t-Bu	2-DBF	t-Bu	t-Bu
174063	t-Bu	t-Bu	2-DBT	t-Bu	t-Bu
174064	t-Bu	t-Bu	4-t-BuPh	t-Bu	t-Bu
174065	t-Bu	t-Bu	1,3-di-t-BuPh	t-Bu	t-Bu
174066	t-Bu	t-Bu	9-Cbz	t-Bu	t-Bu
174067	t-Bu	t-Bu	t-Bu	Ph	Ph
174068	t-Bu	t-Bu	Ph	Ph	Ph
174069	t-Bu	t-Bu	CN	Ph	Ph
174070	t-Bu	t-Bu	DPA	Ph	Ph
174071	t-Bu	t-Bu	2-DBF	Ph	Ph
174072	t-Bu	t-Bu	2-DBT	Ph	Ph
174073	t-Bu	t-Bu	4-t-BuPh	Ph	Ph
174074	t-Bu	t-Bu	1,3-di-t-BuPh	Ph	Ph
174075	t-Bu	t-Bu	9-Cbz	Ph	Ph
174076	t-Bu	t-Bu	t-Bu	CN	CN
174077	t-Bu	t-Bu	Ph	CN	CN
174078	t-Bu	t-Bu	CN	CN	CN
174079	t-Bu	t-Bu	DPA	CN	CN
174080	t-Bu	t-Bu	2-DBF	CN	CN
174081	t-Bu	t-Bu	2-DBT	CN	CN
174082	t-Bu	t-Bu	4-t-BuPh	CN	CN
174083	t-Bu	t-Bu	1,3-di-t-BuPh	CN	CN
174084	t-Bu	t-Bu	9-Cbz	CN	CN
174085	t-Bu	t-Bu	t-Bu	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174086	t-Bu	t-Bu	Ph	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174087	t-Bu	t-Bu	CN	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174088	t-Bu	t-Bu	DPA	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174089	t-Bu	t-Bu	2-DBF	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174090	t-Bu	t-Bu	2-DBT	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174091	t-Bu	t-Bu	4-t-BuPh	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174092	t-Bu	t-Bu	1,3-di-t-BuPh	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174093	t-Bu	t-Bu	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174094	t-Bu	t-Bu	t-Bu	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174095	t-Bu	t-Bu	Ph	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174096	t-Bu	t-Bu	CN	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174097	t-Bu	t-Bu	DPA	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174098	t-Bu	t-Bu	2-DBF	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174099	t-Bu	t-Bu	2-DBT	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174100	t-Bu	t-Bu	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174101	t-Bu	t-Bu	1,3-di-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174102	t-Bu	t-Bu	9-Cbz	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174103	t-Bu	t-Bu	t-Bu	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174104	t-Bu	t-Bu	Ph	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174105	t-Bu	t-Bu	CN	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174106	t-Bu	t-Bu	DPA	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174107	t-Bu	t-Bu	2-DBF	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174108	t-Bu	t-Bu	2-DBT	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174109	t-Bu	t-Bu	4-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174110	t-Bu	t-Bu	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174111	t-Bu	t-Bu	9-Cbz	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174112	Ph	Ph	t-Bu	H	H
174113	Ph	Ph	CN	H	H
174114	Ph	Ph	DPA	H	H
174115	Ph	Ph	2-DBF	H	H
174116	Ph	Ph	2-DBT	H	H
174117	Ph	Ph	4-t-BuPh	H	H
174118	Ph	Ph	1,3-di-t-BuPh	H	H
174119	Ph	Ph	9-Cbz	H	H
174120	Ph	Ph	t-Bu	t-Bu	t-Bu
174121	Ph	Ph	Ph	t-Bu	t-Bu
174122	Ph	Ph	CN	t-Bu	t-Bu
174123	Ph	Ph	DPA	t-Bu	t-Bu
174124	Ph	Ph	2-DBF	t-Bu	t-Bu
174125	Ph	Ph	2-DBT	t-Bu	t-Bu
174126	Ph	Ph	4-t-BuPh	t-Bu	t-Bu
174127	Ph	Ph	1,3-di-t-BuPh	t-Bu	t-Bu
174128	Ph	Ph	9-Cbz	t-Bu	t-Bu
174129	Ph	Ph	Ph	Ph	Ph
174130	Ph	Ph	CN	Ph	Ph
174131	Ph	Ph	DPA	Ph	Ph
174132	Ph	Ph	2-DBF	Ph	Ph
174133	Ph	Ph	2-DBT	Ph	Ph
174134	Ph	Ph	4-t-BuPh	Ph	Ph
174135	Ph	Ph	1,3-di-t-BuPh	Ph	Ph
174136	Ph	Ph	9-Cbz	Ph	Ph
174137	Ph	Ph	t-Bu	CN	CN
174138	Ph	Ph	Ph	CN	CN
174139	Ph	Ph	CN	CN	CN
174140	Ph	Ph	DPA	CN	CN
174141	Ph	Ph	2-DBF	CN	CN
174142	Ph	Ph	2-DBT	CN	CN
174143	Ph	Ph	4-t-BuPh	CN	CN
174144	Ph	Ph	1,3-di-t-BuPh	CN	CN
174145	Ph	Ph	9-Cbz	CN	CN
174146	Ph	Ph	t-Bu	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174147	Ph	Ph	Ph	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174148	Ph	Ph	CN	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174149	Ph	Ph	DPA	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174150	Ph	Ph	2-DBF	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174151	Ph	Ph	2-DBT	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174152	Ph	Ph	4-t-BuPh	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174153	Ph	Ph	1,3-di-t-BuPh	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174154	Ph	Ph	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174155	Ph	Ph	t-Bu	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174156	Ph	Ph	Ph	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174157	Ph	Ph	CN	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174158	Ph	Ph	DPA	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174159	Ph	Ph	2-DBF	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174160	Ph	Ph	2-DBT	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174161	Ph	Ph	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174162	Ph	Ph	1,3-di-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174163	Ph	Ph	9-Cbz	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174164	Ph	Ph	t-Bu	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174165	Ph	Ph	Ph	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174166	Ph	Ph	CN	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174167	Ph	Ph	DPA	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174168	Ph	Ph	2-DBF	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174169	Ph	Ph	2-DBT	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174170	Ph	Ph	4-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174171	Ph	Ph	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174172	Ph	Ph	9-Cbz	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174173	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	t-Bu	H	H
174174	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	Ph	H	H
174175	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	CN	H	H
174176	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	DPA	H	H
174177	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	2-DBF	H	H
174178	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	2-DBT	H	H
174179	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	4-t-BuPh	H	H
174180	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	1,3-di-t-BuPh	H	H
174181	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	t-Bu	t-Bu	t-Bu
174182	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	Ph	t-Bu	t-Bu
174183	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	CN	t-Bu	t-Bu
174184	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	DPA	t-Bu	t-Bu
174185	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	2-DBF	t-Bu	t-Bu
174186	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	2-DBT	t-Bu	t-Bu
174187	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	4-t-BuPh	t-Bu	t-Bu
174188	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	1,3-di-t-BuPh	t-Bu	t-Bu
174189	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	t-Bu	t-Bu
174190	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	t-Bu	Ph	Ph
174191	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	Ph	Ph	Ph
174192	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	CN	Ph	Ph
174193	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	DPA	Ph	Ph
174194	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	2-DBF	Ph	Ph
174195	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	2-DBT	Ph	Ph
174196	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	4-t-BuPh	Ph	Ph
174197	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	1,3-di-t-BuPh	Ph	Ph
174198	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	Ph	Ph
174199	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	t-Bu	CN	CN
174200	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	Ph	CN	CN
174201	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	CN	CN	CN
174202	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	DPA	CN	CN
174203	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	2-DBF	CN	CN
174204	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	2-DBT	CN	CN
174205	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	4-t-BuPh	CN	CN
174206	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	1,3-di-t-BuPh	CN	CN
174207	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	CN	CN
174208	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	t-Bu	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174209	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	Ph	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174210	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	CN	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174211	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	DPA	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174212	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	2-DBF	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174213	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	2-DBT	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174214	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	4-t-BuPh	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174215	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	1,3-di-t-BuPh	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174216	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174217	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	t-Bu	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174218	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	Ph	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174219	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	CN	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174220	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	DPA	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174221	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	2-DBF	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174222	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	2-DBT	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174223	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174224	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	1,3-di-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174225	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174226	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	t-Bu	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174227	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	Ph	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174228	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	CN	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174229	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	DPA	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174230	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	2-DBF	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174231	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	2-DBT	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174232	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	4-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174233	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174234	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174235	CN	CN	t-Bu	H	H
174236	CN	CN	Ph	H	H
174237	CN	CN	DPA	H	H
174238	CN	CN	2-DBF	H	H
174239	CN	CN	2-DBT	H	H
174240	CN	CN	4-t-BuPh	H	H
174241	CN	CN	1,3-di-t-BuPh	H	H
174242	CN	CN	9-Cbz	H	H
174243	CN	CN	t-Bu	t-Bu	t-Bu
174244	CN	CN	Ph	t-Bu	t-Bu
174245	CN	CN	CN	t-Bu	t-Bu
174246	CN	CN	DPA	t-Bu	t-Bu
174247	CN	CN	2-DBF	t-Bu	t-Bu
174248	CN	CN	2-DBT	t-Bu	t-Bu
174249	CN	CN	4-t-BuPh	t-Bu	t-Bu
174250	CN	CN	1,3-di-t-BuPh	t-Bu	t-Bu
174251	CN	CN	9-Cbz	t-Bu	t-Bu
174252	CN	CN	t-Bu	Ph	Ph
174253	CN	CN	Ph	Ph	Ph
174254	CN	CN	CN	Ph	Ph
174255	CN	CN	DPA	Ph	Ph
174256	CN	CN	2-DBF	Ph	Ph
174257	CN	CN	2-DBT	Ph	Ph
174258	CN	CN	4-t-BuPh	Ph	Ph
174259	CN	CN	1,3-di-t-BuPh	Ph	Ph
174260	CN	CN	9-Cbz	Ph	Ph
174261	CN	CN	t-Bu	CN	CN
174262	CN	CN	Ph	CN	CN
174263	CN	CN	CN	CN	CN
174264	CN	CN	DPA	CN	CN
174265	CN	CN	2-DBF	CN	CN
174266	CN	CN	2-DBT	CN	CN
174267	CN	CN	4-t-BuPh	CN	CN
174268	CN	CN	1,3-di-t-BuPh	CN	CN
174269	CN	CN	9-Cbz	CN	CN
174270	CN	CN	t-Bu	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174271	CN	CN	Ph	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174272	CN	CN	CN	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174273	CN	CN	DPA	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174274	CN	CN	2-DBF	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174275	CN	CN	2-DBT	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174276	CN	CN	4-t-BuPh	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174277	CN	CN	1,3-di-t-BuPh	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174278	CN	CN	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174279	CN	CN	t-Bu	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174280	CN	CN	Ph	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174281	CN	CN	CN	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174282	CN	CN	DPA	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174283	CN	CN	2-DBF	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174284	CN	CN	2-DBT	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174285	CN	CN	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174286	CN	CN	1,3-di-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174287	CN	CN	9-Cbz	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174288	CN	CN	t-Bu	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174289	CN	CN	Ph	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174290	CN	CN	CN	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174291	CN	CN	DPA	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174292	CN	CN	2-DBF	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174293	CN	CN	2-DBT	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174294	CN	CN	4-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174295	CN	CN	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174296	CN	CN	9-Cbz	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174297	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	t-Bu	H	H
174298	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	Ph	H	H
174299	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	CN	H	H
174300	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	DPA	H	H
174301	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	2-DBF	H	H
174302	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	2-DBT	H	H
174303	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	H	H
174304	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	9-Cbz	H	H
174305	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	t-Bu	t-Bu	t-Bu
174306	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	Ph	t-Bu	t-Bu
174307	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	CN	t-Bu	t-Bu
174308	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	DPA	t-Bu	t-Bu
174309	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	2-DBF	t-Bu	t-Bu
174310	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	2-DBT	t-Bu	t-Bu
174311	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	t-Bu	t-Bu
174312	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	t-Bu	t-Bu
174313	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	9-Cbz	t-Bu	t-Bu
174314	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	t-Bu	Ph	Ph
174315	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	Ph	Ph	Ph
174316	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	CN	Ph	Ph
174317	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	DPA	Ph	Ph
174318	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	2-DBF	Ph	Ph
174319	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	2-DBT	Ph	Ph
174320	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	Ph	Ph
174321	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	Ph	Ph
174322	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	9-Cbz	Ph	Ph
174323	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	t-Bu	CN	CN
174324	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	Ph	CN	CN
174325	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	CN	CN	CN
174326	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	DPA	CN	CN
174327	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	2-DBF	CN	CN
174328	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	2-DBT	CN	CN
174329	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	CN	CN
174330	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	CN	CN
174331	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	9-Cbz	CN	CN
174332	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	t-Bu	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174333	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	Ph	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174334	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	CN	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174335	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	DPA	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174336	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	2-DBF	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174337	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	2-DBT	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174338	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174339	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174340	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174341	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	t-Bu	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174342	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	Ph	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174343	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	CN	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174344	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	DPA	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174345	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	2-DBF	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174346	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	2-DBT	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174347	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174348	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174349	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	9-Cbz	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174350	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	t-Bu	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174351	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	Ph	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174352	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	CN	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174353	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	DPA	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174354	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	2-DBF	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174355	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	2-DBT	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174356	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174357	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174358	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	9-Cbz	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174359	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	t-Bu	H	H
174360	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	Ph	H	H
174361	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	CN	H	H
174362	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	DPA	H	H
174363	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	2-DBF	H	H
174364	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	2-DBT	H	H
174365	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	H	H
174366	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	9-Cbz	H	H
174367	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	t-Bu	t-Bu	t-Bu
174368	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	Ph	t-Bu	t-Bu
174369	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	CN	t-Bu	t-Bu
174370	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	DPA	t-Bu	t-Bu
174371	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	2-DBF	t-Bu	t-Bu
174372	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	2-DBT	t-Bu	t-Bu
174373	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	t-Bu	t-Bu
174374	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	t-Bu	t-Bu
174375	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	9-Cbz	t-Bu	t-Bu
174376	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	t-Bu	Ph	Ph
174377	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	Ph	Ph	Ph
174378	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	CN	Ph	Ph
174379	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	DPA	Ph	Ph
174380	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	2-DBF	Ph	Ph
174381	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	2-DBT	Ph	Ph
174382	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	Ph	Ph
174383	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	Ph	Ph
174384	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	9-Cbz	Ph	Ph
174385	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	t-Bu	CN	CN
174386	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	Ph	CN	CN
174387	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	CN	CN	CN
174388	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	DPA	CN	CN
174389	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	2-DBF	CN	CN
174390	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	2-DBT	CN	CN
174391	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	CN	CN
174392	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	CN	CN
174393	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	9-Cbz	CN	CN
174394	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	t-Bu	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174395	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	Ph	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174396	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	CN	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174397	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	DPA	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174398	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	2-DBF	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174399	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	2-DBT	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174400	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174401	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174402	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	9-Cbz	9-Cbz	9-Cbz
174403	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	t-Bu	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174404	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	Ph	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174405	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	CN	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174406	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	DPA	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174407	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	2-DBF	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174408	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	2-DBT	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174409	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174410	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174411	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	9-Cbz	4-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh
174412	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	t-Bu	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174413	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	Ph	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174414	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	CN	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174415	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	DPA	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174416	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	2-DBF	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174417	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	2-DBT	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174418	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	4-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174419	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh
174420	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh	9-Cbz	1,3-di-t-BuPh	1,3-di-t-BuPh

xb1 may be an integer from 1 to 5,	R 301 may be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q 301 )(Q 302 )(Q 303 ), —N(Q 301 )(Q 302 ), —B(Q 301 )(Q 302 ), —C(═O)(Q 301 ), —S(═O) 2 (Q 301 ), —S(═O)(Q 301 ), —P(═O)(Q 301 )(Q 302 ), or —P(═S)(Q 301 )(Q 302 ),	xb21 may be an integer from 1 to 5,	Q 301 to Q 303 may each independently be a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group, and at least one of Conditions H-1 to H-3 may be satisfied:	Condition H-1	wherein, at least one of Ar 30 1, L 301 , and R 301 in Formula E-1 may each independently include a IT electron-depleted nitrogen-containing cyclic group,	Condition H-2	wherein, L 301 in Formula E-1 may be a group represented by one of the following Formulae, and
Condition H-3	wherein, R 301 in Formula E-1 may be a cyano group, —S(═O) 2 (Q 301 ), —S(═O)(Q 301 ), —P(═O)(Q 301 )(Q 302 ), or —P(═S)(Q 301 )(Q 302 ).

wherein, in Formula FH-4,	X 1 may be O or Se, and	Ar 1 may be a group represented by Formula 1A, and Ar 2 may be a group represented by Formula 1B:
wherein, in Formulae 4 to 6,	L 1 and L 2 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 30 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30 heterocyclic group,	a1 and a2 may be each independently an integer from 0 to 3,	when a1 is 2 or greater, at least two L 1 (s) may be identical to or different from each other, and when a2 is 2 or greater, at least two L 2 (s) may be identical to or different from each other,	R 1 , R 2 , R 10 , R 20 , R 30 , and R 40 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF 5 , a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q 1 )(Q 2 ), —Si(Q 3 )(Q 4 )(Q 5 ), —B(Q 6 )(Q 7 ), or —P(═O)(Q 8 )(Q 9 ),	b1 and b2 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 5,	when b1 is 2 or greater, at least two R 1 (s) may be identical to or different from each other, and when b2 is 2 or greater, at least two R 2 (s) may be identical to or different from each other,	b10 and b20 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 8,	b30 and b40 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 3,	c1 and c2 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 8, and	a sum of b10 and c1 may be 9, and a sum of b20 and c2 may be 9.

TABLE 11

Compound	L 101	n101	M 101	L 102
BD001	LM1	3	Ir	—
BD002	LM2	3	Ir	—
BD003	LM3	3	Ir	—
BD004	LM4	3	Ir	—
BD005	LM5	3	Ir	—
BD006	LM6	3	Ir	—
BD007	LM7	3	Ir	—
BD008	LM8	3	Ir	—
BD009	LM9	3	Ir	—
BD010	LM10	3	Ir	—
BD011	LM11	3	Ir	—
BD012	LM12	3	Ir	—
BD013	LM13	3	Ir	—
BD014	LM14	3	Ir	—
BD015	LM15	3	Ir	—
BD016	LM16	3	Ir	—
BD017	LM17	3	Ir	—
BD018	LM18	3	Ir	—
BD019	LM19	3	Ir	—
BD020	LM20	3	Ir	—
BD021	LM21	3	Ir	—
BD022	LM22	3	Ir	—
BD023	LM23	3	Ir	—
BD024	LM24	3	Ir	—
BD025	LM25	3	Ir	—
BD026	LM26	3	Ir	—
BD027	LM27	3	Ir	—
BD028	LM28	3	Ir	—
BD029	LM29	3	Ir	—
BD030	LM30	3	Ir	—
BD031	LM31	3	Ir	—
BD032	LM32	3	Ir	—
BD033	LM33	3	Ir	—
BD034	LM34	3	Ir	—
BD035	LM35	3	Ir	—
BD036	LM36	3	Ir	—
BD037	LM37	3	Ir	—
BD038	LM38	3	Ir	—
BD039	LM39	3	Ir	—
BD040	LM40	3	Ir	—
BD041	LM41	3	Ir	—
BD042	LM42	3	Ir	—
BD043	LM43	3	Ir	—
BD044	LM44	3	Ir	—
BD045	LM45	3	Ir	—
BD046	LM46	3	Ir	—
BD047	LM47	3	Ir	—
BD048	LM48	3	Ir	—
BD049	LM49	3	Ir	—
BD050	LM50	3	Ir	—
BD051	LM51	3	Ir	—
BD052	LM52	3	Ir	—
BD053	LM53	3	Ir	—
BD054	LM54	3	Ir	—
BD055	LM55	3	Ir	—
BD056	LM56	3	Ir	—
BD057	LM57	3	Ir	—
BD058	LM58	3	Ir	—
BD059	LM59	3	Ir	—
BD060	LM60	3	Ir	—
BD061	LM61	3	Ir	—
BD062	LM62	3	Ir	—
BD063	LM63	3	Ir	—
BD064	LM64	3	Ir	—
BD065	LM65	3	Ir	—
BD066	LM66	3	Ir	—
BD067	LM67	3	Ir	—
BD068	LM68	3	Ir	—
BD069	LM69	3	Ir	—
BD070	LM70	3	Ir	—
BD071	LM71	3	Ir	—
BD072	LM72	3	Ir	—
BD073	LM73	3	Ir	—
BD074	LM74	3	Ir	—
BD075	LM75	3	Ir	—
BD076	LM76	3	Ir	—
BD077	LM77	3	Ir	—
BD078	LM78	3	Ir	—
BD079	LM79	3	Ir	—
BD080	LM80	3	Ir	—
BD081	LM81	3	Ir	—
BD082	LM82	3	Ir	—
BD083	LM83	3	Ir	—
BD084	LM84	3	Ir	—
BD085	LM85	3	Ir	—
BD086	LM86	3	Ir	—
BD087	LM87	3	Ir	—
BD088	LM88	3	Ir	—
BD089	LM89	3	Ir	—
BD090	LM90	3	Ir	—
BD091	LM91	3	Ir	—
BD092	LM92	3	Ir	—
BD093	LM93	3	Ir	—
BD094	LM94	3	Ir	—
BD095	LM95	3	Ir	—
BD096	LM96	3	Ir	—
BD097	LM97	3	Ir	—
BD098	LM98	3	Ir	—
BD099	LM99	3	Ir	—
BD100	LM100	3	Ir	—

TABLE 12

Compound	L 101	n101	M 101	L 102
BD101	LM101	3	Ir	—
BD102	LM102	3	Ir	—
BD103	LM103	3	Ir	—
BD104	LM104	3	Ir	—
BD105	LM105	3	Ir	—
BD106	LM106	3	Ir	—
BD107	LM107	3	Ir	—
BD108	LM108	3	Ir	—
BD109	LM109	3	Ir	—
BD110	LM110	3	Ir	—
BD111	LM111	3	Ir	—
BD112	LM112	3	Ir	—
BD113	LM113	3	Ir	—
BD114	LM114	3	Ir	—
BD115	LM115	3	Ir	—
BD116	LM116	3	Ir	—
BD117	LM117	3	Ir	—
BD118	LM118	3	Ir	—
BD119	LM119	3	Ir	—
BD120	LM120	3	Ir	—
BD121	LM121	3	Ir	—
BD122	LM122	3	Ir	—
BD123	LM123	3	Ir	—
BD124	LM124	3	Ir	—
BD125	LM125	3	Ir	—
BD126	LM126	3	Ir	—
BD127	LM127	3	Ir	—
BD128	LM128	3	Ir	—
BD129	LM129	3	Ir	—
BD130	LM130	3	Ir	—
BD131	LM131	3	Ir	—
BD132	LM132	3	Ir	—
BD133	LM133	3	Ir	—
BD134	LM134	3	Ir	—
BD135	LM135	3	Ir	—
BD136	LM136	3	Ir	—
BD137	LM137	3	Ir	—
BD138	LM138	3	Ir	—
BD139	LM139	3	Ir	—
BD140	LM140	3	Ir	—
BD141	LM141	3	Ir	—
BD142	LM142	3	Ir	—
BD143	LM143	3	Ir	—
BD144	LM144	3	Ir	—
BD145	LM145	3	Ir	—
BD146	LM146	3	Ir	—
BD147	LM147	3	Ir	—
BD148	LM148	3	Ir	—
BD149	LM149	3	Ir	—
BD150	LM150	3	Ir	—
BD151	LM151	3	Ir	—
BD152	LM152	3	Ir	—
BD153	LM153	3	Ir	—
BD154	LM154	3	Ir	—
BD155	LM155	3	Ir	—
BD156	LM156	3	Ir	—
BD157	LM157	3	Ir	—
BD158	LM158	3	Ir	—
BD159	LM159	3	Ir	—
BD160	LM160	3	Ir	—
BD161	LM161	3	Ir	—
BD162	LM162	3	Ir	—
BD163	LM163	3	Ir	—
BD164	LM164	3	Ir	—
BD165	LM165	3	Ir	—
BD166	LM166	3	Ir	—
BD167	LM167	3	Ir	—
BD168	LM168	3	Ir	—
BD169	LM169	3	Ir	—
BD170	LM170	3	Ir	—
BD171	LM171	3	Ir	—
BD172	LM172	3	Ir	—
BD173	LM173	3	Ir	—
BD174	LM174	3	Ir	—
BD175	LM175	3	Ir	—
BD176	LM176	3	Ir	—
BD177	LM177	3	Ir	—
BD178	LM178	3	Ir	—
BD179	LM179	3	Ir	—
BD180	LM180	3	Ir	—
BD181	LM181	3	Ir	—
BD182	LM182	3	Ir	—
BD183	LM183	3	Ir	—
BD184	LM184	3	Ir	—
BD185	LM185	3	Ir	—
BD186	LM186	3	Ir	—
BD187	LM187	3	Ir	—
BD188	LM188	3	Ir	—
BD189	LM189	3	Ir	—
BD190	LM190	3	Ir	—
BD191	LM191	3	Ir	—
BD192	LM192	3	Ir	—
BD193	LM193	3	Ir	—
BD194	LM194	3	Ir	—
BD195	LM195	3	Ir	—
BD196	LM196	3	Ir	—
BD197	LM197	3	Ir	—
BD198	LM198	3	Ir	—
BD199	LM199	3	Ir	—
BD200	LM200	3	Ir	—

TABLE 13

Compound	L 101	n101	M 101	L 102	m101
BD201	LM201	3	Ir	—	0
BD202	LM202	3	Ir	—	0
BD203	LM203	3	Ir	—	0
BD204	LM204	3	Ir	—	0
BD205	LM205	3	Ir	—	0
BD206	LM206	3	Ir	—	0
BD207	LM207	3	Ir	—	0
BD208	LM208	3	Ir	—	0
BD209	LM209	3	Ir	—	0
BD210	LM210	3	Ir	—	0
BD211	LM211	3	Ir	—	0
BD212	LM212	3	Ir	—	0
BD213	LM213	3	Ir	—	0
BD214	LM214	3	Ir	—	0
BD215	LM215	3	Ir	—	0
BD216	LM216	3	Ir	—	0
BD217	LM217	3	Ir	—	0
BD218	LM218	3	Ir	—	0
BD219	LM219	3	Ir	—	0
BD220	LM220	3	Ir	—	0
BD221	LM221	3	Ir	—	0
BD222	LM222	3	Ir	—	0
BD223	LM223	3	Ir	—	0
BD224	LM224	3	Ir	—	0
BD225	LM225	3	Ir	—	0
BD226	LM226	3	Ir	—	0
BD227	LM227	3	Ir	—	0
BD228	LM228	3	Ir	—	0
BD229	LM229	3	Ir	—	0
BD230	LM230	3	Ir	—	0
BD231	LM231	3	Ir	—	0
BD232	LM232	3	Ir	—	0
BD233	LM233	3	Ir	—	0
BD234	LM234	3	Ir	—	0
BD235	LM235	3	Ir	—	0
BD236	LM236	3	Ir	—	0
BD237	LM237	3	Ir	—	0
BD238	LM238	3	Ir	—	0
BD239	LM239	3	Ir	—	0
BD240	LM240	3	Ir	—	0
BD241	LM241	3	Ir	—	0
BD242	LM242	3	Ir	—	0
BD243	LM243	3	Ir	—	0
BD244	LFM1	3	Ir	—	0
BD245	LFM2	3	Ir	—	0
BD246	LFM3	3	Ir	—	0
BD247	LFM4	3	Ir	—	0
BD248	LFM5	3	Ir	—	0
BD249	LFM6	3	Ir	—	0
BD250	LFM7	3	Ir	—	0
BD251	LFP1	3	Ir	—	0
BD252	LFP2	3	Ir	—	0
BD253	LFP3	3	Ir	—	0
BD254	LFP4	3	Ir	—	0
BD255	LFP5	3	Ir	—	0
BD256	LFP6	3	Ir	—	0
BD257	LFP7	3	Ir	—	0
BD258	LM47	2	Ir	AN1	1
BD259	LM47	2	Ir	AN2	1
BD260	LM47	2	Ir	AN3	1
BD261	LM47	2	Ir	AN4	1
BD262	LM47	2	Ir	AN5	1
BD263	LM11	2	Pt	—	0
BD264	LM13	2	Pt	—	0
BD265	LM15	2	Pt	—	0
BD266	LM45	2	Pt	—	0
BD267	LM47	2	Pt	—	0
BD268	LM49	2	Pt	—	0
BD269	LM98	2	Pt	—	0
BD270	LM100	2	Pt	—	0
BD271	LM102	2	Pt	—	0
BD272	LM132	2	Pt	—	0
BD273	LM134	2	Pt	—	0
BD274	LM136	2	Pt	—	0
BD275	LM151	2	Pt	—	0
BD276	LM153	2	Pt	—	0
BD277	LM158	2	Pt	—	0
BD278	LM180	2	Pt	—	0
BD279	LM182	2	Pt	—	0
BD280	LM187	2	Pt	—	0
BD281	LM201	2	Pt	—	0
BD282	LM206	2	Pt	—	0
BD283	LM211	2	Pt	—	0
BD284	LM233	2	Pt	—	0
BD285	LM235	2	Pt	—	0
BD286	LM240	2	Pt	—	0
BD287	LFM5	2	Pt	—	0
BD288	LFM6	2	Pt	—	0
BD289	LFM7	2	Pt	—	0
BD290	LFP5	2	Pt	—	0
BD291	LFP6	2	Pt	—	0
BD292	LFP7	2	Pt	—	0
BD293	LM47	1	Pt	AN1	1
BD294	LM47	1	Pt	AN2	1
BD295	LM47	1	Pt	AN3	1
BD296	LM47	1	Pt	AN4	1
BD297	LM47	1	Pt	AN5	1

TABLE 14 — Formula 1-1

Ligand	R 11	R 12	R 13	R 14	R 15	R 16	R 17	R 18	R 19	R 20
LM1	X1	H	X3	H	X1	H	H	H	H	D
LM2	X1	H	X3	H	X1	H	H	H	D	H
LM3	X1	H	X3	H	X1	H	H	H	D	D
LM4	Y1	H	X3	H	Y1	H	H	H	D	D
LM5	Y2	H	X3	H	Y2	H	H	H	D	D
LM6	Y3	H	X3	H	Y3	H	H	H	D	D
LM7	Y3	D	X3	D	Y3	H	H	H	D	D
LM8	Y3	D	X3	D	Y3	D	H	H	D	D
LM9	Y3	D	X3	D	Y3	D	D	H	D	D
LM10	Y3	D	X3	D	Y3	D	D	D	D	D
LM11	Y3	D	Y11	D	Y3	D	D	D	D	D
LM12	Y3	D	Y11	D	Y3	H	X1	H	D	D
LM13	Y3	D	Y11	D	Y3	D	Y3	D	D	D
LM14	Y3	D	Y11	D	Y3	H	X4	H	D	D
LM15	Y3	D	Y11	D	Y3	D	Y12	D	D	D
LM16	X2	H	X3	H	X2	H	H	H	H	D
LM17	X2	H	X3	H	X2	H	H	H	D	H
LM18	X2	H	X3	H	X2	H	H	H	D	D
LM19	Y4	H	X3	H	Y4	H	H	H	D	D
LM20	Y5	H	X3	H	Y5	H	H	H	D	D
LM21	Y6	H	X3	H	Y6	H	H	H	D	D
LM22	Y7	H	X3	H	Y7	H	H	H	D	D
LM23	Y8	H	X3	H	Y8	H	H	H	D	D
LM24	Y9	H	X3	H	Y9	H	H	H	D	D
LM25	Y10	H	X3	H	Y10	H	H	H	D	D
LM26	Y10	D	X3	D	Y10	H	H	H	D	D
LM27	Y10	D	X3	D	Y10	D	H	H	D	D
LM28	Y10	D	X3	D	Y10	D	D	H	D	D
LM29	Y10	D	X3	D	Y10	D	D	D	D	D
LM30	Y10	D	Y11	D	Y10	D	D	D	D	D
LM31	Y10	D	Y11	D	Y10	H	X1	H	D	D
LM32	Y10	D	Y11	D	Y10	D	Y3	D	D	D
LM33	Y10	D	Y11	D	Y10	H	X4	H	D	D
LM34	Y10	D	Y11	D	Y10	D	Y12	D	D	D
LM35	X1	H	X4	H	X1	H	H	H	H	D
LM36	X1	H	X4	H	X1	H	H	H	D	H
LM37	X1	H	X4	H	X1	H	H	H	D	D
LM38	Y1	H	X4	H	Y1	H	H	H	D	D
LM39	Y2	H	X4	H	Y2	H	H	H	D	D
LM40	Y3	H	X4	H	Y3	H	H	H	D	D
LM41	Y3	D	X4	D	Y3	H	H	H	D	D
LM42	Y3	D	X4	D	Y3	D	H	H	D	D
LM43	Y3	D	X4	D	Y3	D	D	H	D	D
LM44	Y3	D	X4	D	Y3	D	D	D	D	D
LM45	Y3	D	Y12	D	Y3	D	D	D	D	D
LM46	Y3	D	Y12	D	Y3	H	X1	H	D	D
LM47	Y3	D	Y12	D	Y3	D	Y3	D	D	D
LM48	Y3	D	Y12	D	Y3	H	X4	H	D	D
LM49	Y3	D	Y12	D	Y3	D	Y12	D	D	D
LM50	X2	H	X4	H	X2	H	H	H	H	D
LM51	X2	H	X4	H	X2	H	H	H	D	H
LM52	X2	H	X4	H	X2	H	H	H	D	D
LM53	Y4	H	X4	H	Y4	H	H	H	D	D
LM54	Y5	H	X4	H	Y5	H	H	H	D	D
LM55	Y6	H	X4	H	Y6	H	H	H	D	D
LM56	Y7	H	X4	H	Y7	H	H	H	D	D
LM57	Y8	H	X4	H	Y8	H	H	H	D	D
LM58	Y9	H	X4	H	Y9	H	H	H	D	D
LM59	Y10	H	X4	H	Y10	H	H	H	D	D
LM60	Y10	D	X4	D	Y10	H	H	H	D	D
LM61	Y10	D	X4	D	Y10	D	H	H	D	D
LM62	Y10	D	X4	D	Y10	D	D	H	D	D
LM63	Y10	D	X4	D	Y10	D	D	D	D	D
LM64	Y10	D	Y12	D	Y10	D	D	D	D	D
LM65	Y10	D	Y12	D	Y10	H	X1	H	D	D
LM66	Y10	D	Y12	D	Y10	D	Y3	D	D	D
LM67	Y10	D	Y12	D	Y10	H	X4	H	D	D
LM68	Y10	D	Y12	D	Y10	D	Y12	D	D	D
LM69	X1	H	X5	H	X1	H	H	H	H	D
LM70	X1	H	X5	H	X1	H	H	H	D	H
LM71	X1	H	X5	H	X1	H	H	H	D	D
LM72	Y1	H	X5	H	Y1	H	H	H	D	D
LM73	Y2	H	X5	H	Y2	H	H	H	D	D
LM74	Y3	H	X5	H	Y3	H	H	H	D	D
LM75	Y3	D	X5	D	Y3	H	H	H	D	D
LM76	Y3	D	X5	D	Y3	D	H	H	D	D
LM77	Y3	D	X5	D	Y3	D	D	H	D	D
LM78	Y3	D	X5	D	Y3	D	D	D	D	D
LM79	Y3	D	Y13	D	Y3	D	D	D	D	D
LM80	Y3	D	Y13	D	Y3	H	X1	H	D	D
LM81	Y3	D	Y13	D	Y3	D	Y3	D	D	D
LM82	Y3	D	Y13	D	Y3	H	X4	H	D	D
LM83	Y3	D	Y13	D	Y3	D	Y12	D	D	D
LM84	X2	H	X5	H	X2	H	H	H	H	D
LM85	X2	H	X5	H	X2	H	H	H	D	H
LM86	X2	H	X5	H	X2	H	H	H	D	D
LM87	Y4	H	X5	H	Y4	H	H	H	D	D
LM88	Y5	H	X5	H	Y5	H	H	H	D	D
LM89	Y6	H	X5	H	Y6	H	H	H	D	D
LM90	Y7	H	X5	H	Y7	H	H	H	D	D
LM91	Y8	H	X5	H	Y8	H	H	H	D	D
LM92	Y9	H	X5	H	Y9	H	H	H	D	D
LM93	Y10	H	X5	H	Y10	H	H	H	D	D
LM94	Y10	D	X5	D	Y10	H	H	H	D	D
LM95	Y10	D	X5	D	Y10	D	H	H	D	D
LM96	Y10	D	X5	D	Y10	D	D	H	D	D
LM97	Y10	D	X5	D	Y10	D	D	D	D	D
LM98	Y10	D	Y13	D	Y10	D	D	D	D	D
LM99	Y10	D	Y13	D	Y10	H	X1	H	D	D
LM100	Y10	D	Y13	D	Y10	D	Y3	D	D	D
LM101	Y10	D	Y13	D	Y10	H	X4	H	D	D
LM102	Y10	D	Y13	D	Y10	D	Y12	D	D	D
LM103	X1	H	X6	H	X1	H	H	H	H	D
LM104	X1	H	X6	H	X1	H	H	H	D	H
LM105	X1	H	X6	H	X1	H	H	H	D	D
LM106	Y1	H	X6	H	Y1	H	H	H	D	D
LM107	Y2	H	X6	H	Y2	H	H	H	D	D
LM108	Y3	H	X6	H	Y3	H	H	H	D	D
LM109	Y3	D	X6	D	Y3	H	H	H	D	D
LM110	Y3	D	X6	D	Y3	D	H	H	D	D
LM111	Y3	D	X6	D	Y3	D	D	H	D	D
LM112	Y3	D	X6	D	Y3	D	D	D	D	D
LM113	Y3	D	Y14	D	Y3	D	D	D	D	D
LM114	Y3	D	Y14	D	Y3	H	X1	H	D	D
LM115	Y3	D	Y14	D	Y3	D	Y3	D	D	D
LM116	Y3	D	Y14	D	Y3	H	X4	H	D	D
LM117	Y3	D	Y14	D	Y3	D	Y12	D	D	D
LM118	X2	H	X6	H	X2	H	H	H	H	D
LM119	X2	H	X6	H	X2	H	H	H	D	H
LM120	X2	H	X6	H	X2	H	H	H	D	D
LM121	Y4	H	X6	H	Y4	H	H	H	D	D
LM122	Y5	H	X6	H	Y5	H	H	H	D	D
LM123	Y6	H	X6	H	Y6	H	H	H	D	D
LM124	Y7	H	X6	H	Y7	H	H	H	D	D
LM125	Y8	H	X6	H	Y8	H	H	H	D	D
LM126	Y9	H	X6	H	Y9	H	H	H	D	D
LM127	Y10	H	X6	H	Y10	H	H	H	D	D
LM128	Y10	D	X6	D	Y10	H	H	H	D	D
LM129	Y10	D	X6	D	Y10	D	H	H	D	D
LM130	Y10	D	X6	D	Y10	D	D	H	D	D
LM131	Y10	D	X6	D	Y10	D	D	D	D	D
LM132	Y10	D	Y14	D	Y10	D	D	D	D	D
LM133	Y10	D	Y14	D	Y10	H	X1	H	D	D
LM134	Y10	D	Y14	D	Y10	D	Y3	D	D	D
LM135	Y10	D	Y14	D	Y10	H	X4	H	D	D
LM136	Y10	D	Y14	D	Y10	D	Y12	D	D	D
LM137	X1	H	X7	H	X1	H	H	H	H	D
LM138	X1	H	X7	H	X1	H	H	H	D	H
LM139	X1	H	X7	H	X1	H	H	H	D	D
LM140	Y1	H	X7	H	Y1	H	H	H	D	D
LM141	Y2	H	X7	H	Y2	H	H	H	D	D
LM142	Y3	H	X7	H	Y3	H	H	H	D	D
LM143	Y3	D	X7	D	Y3	H	H	H	D	D
LM144	Y3	D	X7	D	Y3	D	H	H	D	D
LM145	Y3	D	X7	D	Y3	D	D	H	D	D
LM146	Y3	D	X7	D	Y3	D	D	D	D	D
LM147	Y3	D	X8	D	Y3	D	D	D	D	D
LM148	Y3	D	Y16	D	Y3	D	D	D	D	D
LM149	Y3	D	Y17	D	Y3	D	D	D	D	D
LM150	Y3	D	Y18	D	Y3	D	D	D	D	D
LM151	Y3	D	Y15	D	Y3	D	D	D	D	D
LM152	Y3	D	Y15	D	Y3	H	X1	H	D	D
LM153	Y3	D	Y15	D	Y3	D	Y3	D	D	D
LM154	Y3	D	Y16	D	Y3	D	Y3	D	D	D
LM155	Y3	D	Y17	D	Y3	D	Y3	D	D	D
LM156	Y3	D	Y18	D	Y3	D	Y3	D	D	D
LM157	Y3	D	Y15	D	Y3	H	X4	H	D	D
LM158	Y3	D	Y15	D	Y3	D	Y12	D	D	D
LM159	Y3	D	Y16	D	Y3	D	Y12	D	D	D
LM160	Y3	D	Y17	D	Y3	D	Y12	D	D	D
LM161	Y3	D	Y18	D	Y3	D	Y12	D	D	D
LM162	X2	H	X7	H	X2	H	H	H	H	D
LM163	X2	H	X7	H	X2	H	H	H	D	H
LM164	X2	H	X7	H	X2	H	H	H	D	D
LM165	Y4	H	X7	H	Y4	H	H	H	D	D
LM166	Y5	H	X7	H	Y5	H	H	H	D	D
LM167	Y6	H	X7	H	Y6	H	H	H	D	D
LM168	Y7	H	X7	H	Y7	H	H	H	D	D
LM169	Y8	H	X7	H	Y8	H	H	H	D	D
LM170	Y9	H	X7	H	Y9	H	H	H	D	D
LM171	Y10	H	X7	H	Y10	H	H	H	D	D
LM172	Y10	D	X7	D	Y10	H	H	H	D	D
LM173	Y10	D	X7	D	Y10	D	H	H	D	D
LM174	Y10	D	X7	D	Y10	D	D	H	D	D
LM175	Y10	D	X7	D	Y10	D	D	D	D	D
LM176	Y10	D	X8	D	Y10	D	D	D	D	D
LM177	Y10	D	Y16	D	Y10	D	D	D	D	D
LM178	Y10	D	Y17	D	Y10	D	D	D	D	D
LM179	Y10	D	Y18	D	Y10	D	D	D	D	D
LM180	Y10	D	Y15	D	Y10	D	D	D	D	D
LM181	Y10	D	Y15	D	Y10	H	X1	H	D	D
LM182	Y10	D	Y15	D	Y10	D	Y3	D	D	D
LM183	Y10	D	Y16	D	Y10	D	Y3	D	D	D
LM184	Y10	D	Y17	D	Y10	D	Y3	D	D	D
LM185	Y10	D	Y18	D	Y10	D	Y3	D	D	D
LM186	Y10	D	Y15	D	Y10	H	X4	H	D	D
LM187	Y10	D	Y15	D	Y10	D	Y12	D	D	D
LM188	Y10	D	Y16	D	Y10	D	Y12	D	D	D
LM189	Y10	D	Y17	D	Y10	D	Y12	D	D	D
LM190	Y10	D	Y18	D	Y10	D	Y12	D	D	D
LM191	X1	X7	H	H	X1	H	H	H	H	D
LM192	X1	X7	H	H	X1	H	H	H	D	H
LM193	X1	X7	H	H	X1	H	H	H	D	D
LM194	Y1	X7	H	H	Y1	H	H	H	D	D
LM195	Y2	X7	H	H	Y2	H	H	H	D	D
LM196	Y3	X7	H	H	Y3	H	H	H	D	D
LM197	Y3	X7	D	D	Y3	H	H	H	D	D
LM198	Y3	X7	D	D	Y3	D	H	H	D	D
LM199	Y3	X7	D	D	Y3	D	D	H	D	D
LM200	Y3	X7	D	D	Y3	D	D	D	D	D
LM201	Y3	Y15	D	D	Y3	D	D	D	D	D
LM202	Y3	Y16	D	D	Y3	D	D	D	D	D
LM203	Y3	Y17	D	D	Y3	D	D	D	D	D
LM204	Y3	Y18	D	D	Y3	D	D	D	D	D
LM205	Y3	Y15	D	D	Y3	H	X1	H	D	D
LM206	Y3	Y15	D	D	Y3	D	Y3	D	D	D
LM207	Y3	Y16	D	D	Y3	D	Y3	D	D	D
LM208	Y3	Y17	D	D	Y3	D	Y3	D	D	D
LM209	Y3	Y18	D	D	Y3	D	Y3	D	D	D
LM210	Y3	Y15	D	D	Y3	H	X4	H	D	D
LM211	Y3	Y15	D	D	Y3	D	Y12	D	D	D
LM212	Y3	Y16	D	D	Y3	D	Y12	D	D	D
LM213	Y3	Y17	D	D	Y3	D	Y12	D	D	D
LM214	Y3	Y18	D	D	Y3	D	Y12	D	D	D
LM215	X2	X7	H	H	X2	H	H	H	H	D
LM216	X2	X7	H	H	X2	H	H	H	D	H
LM217	X2	X7	H	H	X2	H	H	H	D	D
LM218	Y4	X7	H	H	Y4	H	H	H	D	D
LM219	Y5	X7	H	H	Y5	H	H	H	D	D
LM220	Y6	X7	H	H	Y6	H	H	H	D	D
LM221	Y7	X7	H	H	Y7	H	H	H	D	D
LM222	Y8	X7	H	H	Y8	H	H	H	D	D
LM223	Y9	X7	H	H	Y9	H	H	H	D	D
LM224	Y10	X7	H	H	Y10	H	H	H	D	D
LM225	Y10	X7	D	D	Y10	H	H	H	D	D
LM226	Y10	X7	D	D	Y10	D	H	H	D	D
LM227	Y10	X7	D	D	Y10	D	D	H	D	D
LM228	Y10	X7	D	D	Y10	D	D	D	D	D
LM229	Y10	X8	D	D	Y10	D	D	D	D	D
LM230	Y10	Y16	D	D	Y10	D	D	D	D	D
LM231	Y10	Y17	D	D	Y10	D	D	D	D	D
LM232	Y10	Y18	D	D	Y10	D	D	D	D	D
LM233	Y10	Y15	D	D	Y10	D	D	D	D	D
LM234	Y10	Y15	D	D	Y10	H	X1	H	D	D
LM235	Y10	Y15	D	D	Y10	D	Y3	D	D	D
LM236	Y10	Y16	D	D	Y10	D	Y3	D	D	D
LM237	Y10	Y17	D	D	Y10	D	Y3	D	D	D
LM238	Y10	Y18	D	D	Y10	D	Y3	D	D	D
LM239	Y10	Y15	D	D	Y10	H	X4	H	D	D
LM240	Y10	Y15	D	D	Y10	D	Y12	D	D	D
LM241	Y10	Y16	D	D	Y10	D	Y12	D	D	D
LM242	Y10	Y17	D	D	Y10	D	Y12	D	D	D
LM243	Y10	Y18	D	D	Y10	D	Y12	D	D	D

TABLE 15 — Formula 1-2

Ligand

R 11

X 11

R 101

R 102

R 103

R 104

R 14

R 15

R 16

R 17

R 18

R 19

R 20

LFM1

Y10

N—Ph

Y10

LFM2

Y10

LFM3

Y10

LFM4

LFM5

Y10

LFM6

Y10

LFM7

Y10

Y12

TABLE 16 — Formula 1-3

Ligand

R 11

X 11

R 101

R 102

R 103

R 104

R 14

R 15

R 16

R 17

R 18

R 19

R 20

LFP1

Y10

N—Ph

Y10

LFP2

Y10

LFP3

Y10

LFP4

LFP5

Y10

LFP6

Y10

LFP7

Y10

Y12

TABLE 17

HOMO	A potential (Volts, V) versus current (Amperes, A) graph of
energy	each compound was obtained by using cyclic voltammetry
level	(CV) (electrolyte: 0.1M TBAP/solvent: ACN/electrode:
evaluation	3-electrode system (working electrode: carbon,
method	reference electrode: Ag/AgCl, auxiliary electrode: Pt)).
	Subsequently, from oxidation onset of the graph,
	a HOMO energy level of the compound was calculated.
LUMO	Each compound was diluted at a concentration of
energy	1 × 10 −5 M in tetrahydrofuran, and
level	an UV absorption spectrum thereof was measured at room
evaluation	temperature by using JASCO V-730 UV-visible spectrometer.
method	A LUMO energy level thereof was calculated by using an
	optical band gap (E g ) from an edge of
	the absorption spectrum and a HOMO energy level.
T 1	Each compound was dissolved at a concentration of
energy	1 × 10 −5 M in tetrahydrofuran and
level	placed in a quartz cell, followed by cooling by using
evaluation	nitrogen (77 Kelvins (K)). Then, 1 millisecond
method	(ms) of delay time was given by using a fluorescence
	spectrometer (PerkinElmer, LS-55) to measure a
	photoluminescence spectrum.
S 1	S 1 energy level was measured in
energy	substantially the same manner as in T 1 energy
level	level evaluation method, except that delay time
evaluation	was not given, and the maximum emission peak was
method	determined as S 1 energy level.

TABLE 18

Compound	HOMO	LUMO	T 1	S 1	ΔE ST
No.	(eV)	(eV)	(eV)	(eV)	(eV)
115001	−5.63	−2.85	2.54	2.84	0.30
115002	−5.63	−2.89	2.54	2.80	0.26
C1	−5.72	−2.93	2.55	2.84	0.29
C2	−5.89	−3.15	2.54	2.80	0.26
C3	−5.53	−2.88	2.70	2.49	0.21

TABLE 19

Measurement of	Each compound and mCP and TSPO1 were co-
photo-	deposited on a quartz substrate at a weight ratio of
luminescence	50:50 (wherein, the weight of the evaluated
(PL)	compound of the total weight of the host and each
spectrum	evaluated compound was 1 wt %) to form a thin film
	having a thickness of 40 nm. Then, the spectrum
	thereof was measured at room temperature by
	using a fluorescence spectrometer (PerkinElmer,
	LS-55).

TABLE 20

Compound No.	FWHM (nm)
115001	21
115002	23
C1	22
C2	21
C3	28

⁡

(

)

∑

⁢

exp

⁡

(

decay

)

Equation

⁢

TABLE 21 — T decay (Ex) (μs)

Compound No.	PLQY	(decay time)
115001	99	4060
115002	97	1760
C1	95	12500
C2	98	1460
C3	97	183

TABLE 22

			Driving		Electricity	Current		Conversion
		FWHM	voltage	EQE max	efficiency	efficiency		efficiency
	Dopant	(nm)	(V)	(%)	(%)	(%)	CIEy	(%)
Example 1-1	115001	11	5.7	180	141	133	0.044	184
Example 1-2	115002	15	5.7	179	175	175	0.061	175
Comparative	C1	22	5.7	100	100	100	0.061	100
Example 1-1
Comparative	C2	21	5.4	124	126	134	0.068	120
Example 1-2
Comparative	C3	21	5.1	193	373	351	0.171	125
Example 1-3

TABLE 23

			Driving		Electricity	Current		Conversion
		FWHM	voltage	EQE max	efficiency	efficiency		efficiency
	Dopant	(nm)	(V)	(%)	(%)	(%)	CIEy	(%)
Example 2-1	115001	24	3.9	138	234	144	0.052	194
Example 2-2	115002	25	3.8	135	206	127	0.068	130
Comparative	C1	40	5.9	100	100	100	0.070	100
Example 2-1
Comparative	C2	34	5.7	111	143	111	0.076	102
Example 2-2
Comparative	C3	34	5.2	133	294	220	0.179	86
Example 2-3

TABLE 24

			Driving		Electricity	Current		Conversion
			voltage	EQE max	efficiency	efficiency		efficiency
	Sensitizer	Dopant	(V)	(%)	(lm/W)	(Cd/A)	CIEy	(Cd/A/y)
Example 3-1	DMAC-	115001	6.5	108	112	112	0.173	106
	DPS
Example 3-2	Ir(cb) 3	115001	5.9	89	98	98	0.192	84
Comparative	Ir(cb) 3	C3	5.8	100	100	100	0.165	100
Example 3-1

Claims as granted

20 claims

Classifications

10 codes

IPC · International Patent Classification

Section C — Chemistry; metallurgy

C07D487/14
C07D519/00

Section H — Electricity

H10K101/40
H10K101/30
H10K101/10
H10K101/00
H10K85/60
H10K71/00
H10K50/12
H10K50/11

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