Cover window of flexible display device and flexible display device having the same

This is a continuation application based on pending application Ser. No. 15/180,111, filed Jun. 13, 2016, the entire contents of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

Korean Patent Application No. 10-2015-0120916, filed on Aug. 27, 2015, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, and entitled: “Cover Window of Flexible Display Device and Flexible Display Device Having the Same,” is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

1. Field

Embodiments relate to a flexible display device.

2. Description of the Related Art

A flexible display device has been recently developed that includes a flexible substrate or film made of a bendable material such as a plastic such that the flexible display device may be bent.

Embodiments are directed to a cover window of a flexible display device including a base substrate that includes an out-folding area, an in-folding area, and a plurality of peripheral areas each disposed on opposing sides of at least one of the out-folding area and the in-folding area, a first hard coating layer at a top surface of the base substrate, the first hard coating layer having a substantially uniform thickness, and a second hard coating layer at a bottom surface of the base substrate opposite to the top surface, the second hard coating layer having a thickness that is different from the thickness of the first hard coating layer. A thickness of a first area of the second hard coating layer that overlaps with the out-folding area and the in-folding area of the base substrate is less than a thickness of a second area of the second hard coating layer that overlaps with the peripheral areas of the base substrate.

The thickness of the second area of the second hard coating layer may be less than the thickness of the first hard coating layer.

A bottom surface of the first area of the second hard coating layer may be in a form of a curved groove.

A bottom surface of the first area of the second hard coating layer may be in a form of a square groove.

The first area of the second hard coating layer may include convex patterns that are periodically arranged along a folding axis that defines the first area.

The first area of the second hard coating layer may include concave patterns that are periodically arranged along a folding axis which defines the first area.

The out-folding area of the base substrate may correspond to a folding area where the second hard coating layer is foldable toward an inner side when the cover window is folded. The in-folding area of the base substrate may correspond to a folding area where the first hard coating layer is foldable toward the inner side when the cover window is folded.

A curvature of the out-folding area may be different from a curvature of the in-folding area when the cover window is fully folded.

A curvature of the out-folding area may be substantially the same as a curvature of the in-folding area when the cover window is fully folded.

The first hard coating layer and the second hard coating layer may include the same material.

The first hard coating layer and the second hard coating layer may include different materials from each other.

The thickness of the second area may be greater than the thickness of the first hard coating layer.

Embodiments are also directed to a flexible display device including a flexible display panel that includes a main display area, the main display area being a flat display area, and further includes an out-folding area, an in-folding area, and a plurality of sub-display areas each located on opposing sides of at least one of the out-folding area and the in-folding area, and a cover window on a light emitting surface of the flexible display panel, the cover window overlapping the main display area, the out-folding area, the in-folding area, and the sub-display areas. The cover window includes a base substrate including a transparent film, a first hard coating layer at a top surface of the base substrate, the first hard coating layer having a substantially uniform thickness, and a second hard coating layer between a bottom surface of the base substrate and the light emitting surface, the second hard coating layer having a thickness that is different from the thickness of the first hard coating layer. A thickness of a first area of the second hard coating layer that overlaps with the out-folding area and the in-folding area is less than a thickness of a second area of the second hard coating layer that overlaps with the main display area and the sub-display areas.

The sub-display area includes a first sub-display area adjacent to a first side of the main display area, wherein a non-light emitting surface of the first sub-display area opposite to the light emitting surface faces a non-light emitting surface of the main display area when the out-folding area is fully folded, a second sub-display area adjacent to the first sub-display area, wherein the light emitting surface of the second sub-display area faces a light emitting surface of the first sub-display area when the in-folding area is fully folded, a third sub-display area adjacent to a second side of the main display area opposite to the first side, wherein a non-light emitting surface of the third sub-display area faces the non-light emitting surface of the main display area when the out-folding area is fully folded, and a fourth sub-display area adjacent to the third sub-display area, wherein a light emitting surface of the fourth sub-display area faces the light emitting surface of the third sub-display area when the in-folding area is fully folded. Widths of the first to fourth sub-display areas in a first direction from the second side to the first side may be less than half a width of the main display area in the first direction.

The out-folding area may include a first out-folding area between the first side of the main display area and the first sub-display area and a second out-folding area between the second side of the main display area and the third sub-display area. The in-folding area may include a first in-folding area between the first sub-display area and the second sub-display area and a second in-folding area between the third sub-display area and the fourth sub-display area.

The second hard coating layer may include convex patterns periodically arranged along a folding axis that defines the first area.

The first area of the second hard coating layer may be concave.

A curvature of the first out-folding area may be different from a curvature of the second out-folding area when the flexible display device is fully folded.

A curvature of the first out-folding area may be substantially the same as a curvature of the second out-folding area when the flexible display device is fully folded.

Curvatures of the first out-folding area, the second out-folding area, the first in-folding area, and the second in-folding area may be substantially the same when the flexible display device is fully folded.

Curvatures of the first out-folding area and the second out-folding area may be different from curvatures of the first in-folding area and the second in-folding area when the flexible display device is fully folded.

The flexible display panel may further include a first flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) connected to a third side of the main display area, a part of a third side of the first out-folding area, and a part of a third side of the second out-folding area, the first FPCB having a bridge form, a second FPCB connected to a fourth side of the first sub-display area opposite to the third side, a fourth side of the second sub-display area, and a part of a fourth side of the first in-folding area, the second FPCB having a bridge form, and a third FPCB connected to a fourth side of the third sub-display area, a fourth side of the fourth sub-display area, and a part of a fourth side of the second in-folding area, the third FPCB having a bridge form.

Each of the first to third FPCBs may include a driving chip mounted as a chip-on-film (COF).

The flexible display device may further include a first guide member at a non-light emitting surface of the second sub-display area of the flexible display panel to guide movements of the first and second sub-display areas and to guide folding and unfolding of the first out-folding area and the first in-folding area, and a second guide member at a non-light emitting surface of the fourth sub-display area of the flexible display panel to guide movements of the third and fourth sub-display areas and to guide the folding and unfolding of the second out-folding area and the second in-folding area.

The first guide member and the second guide member may moveable to incline in a direction away from the light emitting surface to guide unfolding of the second and fourth sub-display areas when the first and second in-folding areas are unfolded.

The first guide member may extends in the first direction when the first out-folding area is unfolded. The second guide member may extend in an opposite direction of the first direction when the second out-folding area is unfolded.

Features will become apparent to those of skill in the art by describing in detail exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings in which:

FIG. 1A illustrates a cross-sectional view of a cover window of a flexible display device according to example embodiments.

FIG. 1B illustrates a diagram illustrating an example of the cover window illustrated in FIG. 1 placed on a flexible display device.

FIGS. 2A to 2C illustrate diagrams illustrating examples of the cover window illustrated in FIG. 1 being in a folded state.

FIG. 3 illustrates a perspective view depicting an example of the cover window of FIG. 1 .

FIG. 4 illustrates a perspective view depicting another example of the cover window of FIG. 1 .

FIG. 5 illustrates a perspective view depicting another example of the cover window of FIG. 1 .

FIG. 6 illustrates a perspective view depicting another example of the cover window of FIG. 1 .

FIG. 7 illustrates a diagram of a cover window of a flexible display device according to example embodiments.

FIG. 8 illustrates a partial cross-sectional view taken along section line I-I′ in FIG. 7 according to an example.

FIG. 9 illustrates a partial cross-sectional view taken along section line I-I′ in FIG. 7 according to an example.

FIG. 10 illustrates a partial cross-sectional view taken along section line I-I′ in FIG. 7 according to an example.

FIG. 11 illustrates a partial cross-sectional view taken along section line I-I′ in FIG. 7 according to an example.

FIG. 12 illustrates a diagram of a cover window of a flexible display device according to example embodiments.

FIG. 13A illustrates a diagram of a flexible display device according to example embodiments.

FIG. 13B illustrates a diagram depicting the flexible display device illustrated in FIG. 13A according to an example.

FIG. 14 illustrates a diagram depicting the flexible display device illustrated in FIG. 13A in a fully folded state according to an example.

FIG. 15 illustrates a diagram depicting the flexible display device illustrated in FIG. 13A in a fully folded state according to an example.

FIG. 16 illustrates a diagram depicting an example of a display panel in the flexible display device of FIG. 13A .

FIG. 17 illustrates a diagram depicting an example of the flexible display device of FIG. 13A including a guide member.

FIGS. 18A to 18C illustrate diagrams depicting unfolding of the flexible display device illustrated in FIG. 17 according to examples.

FIG. 19 illustrates a diagram depicting an operation of the flexible display device of FIG. 13 according to an example.

FIGS. 20A to 20D illustrate diagrams illustrating operations of the flexible display device of FIG. 13 according to examples.

FIG. 21 illustrates a cross-sectional view depicting a portion of the flexible display device of FIG. 13 according to an example.

Example embodiments will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings; however, they may be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey exemplary implementations to those skilled in the art.

In the drawing figures, the dimensions of layers and regions may be exaggerated for clarity of illustration. It will also be understood that when a layer or element is referred to as being “on” another layer or substrate, it can be directly on the other layer or substrate, or intervening layers may also be present. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.

FIG. 1A illustrates a cross-sectional view of a cover window of a flexible display device according to example embodiments. FIG. 1B illustrates a diagram depicting an example of the cover window illustrated in FIG. 1 placed on a flexible display device.

Referring to FIGS. 1A and 1B , the cover window 100 and 100 A included in a flexible display device may include a base substrate 120 , a first hard coating layer 140 , and a second hard coating layer 160 . The cover window 100 and 100 A may correspond to the shape of the flexible display device such that at least parts of the cover window 100 and 100 A may be bent, rolled, and/or folded.

The cover window 100 and 100 A may include out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 , in-folding areas IF 1 and IF 2 , and a plurality of peripheral areas DA, SA 1 , SA 2 , SA 3 , and SA 4 each disposed on opposing sides of at least one of the out-folding area OF 1 and OF 2 and the in-folding area IF 1 and IF 2 . The out-folding area OF 1 and OF 2 and the in-folding area IF 1 and IF 2 may correspond to areas in which the cover window 100 A is folded. The cover window 100 and 100 A may be folded along a folding axis FX defined in each of the out-folding area OF 1 and OF 2 and the in-folding area IF 1 and IF 2 . The folding axis FX may be an imaginary line. The peripheral areas DA, SA 1 , SA 2 , SA 3 , and SA 4 may include a main display area DA and sub display areas SA 1 , SA 2 , SA 3 , and SA 4 . For example, as illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B , the cover window 100 and 100 A may include two in-folding areas IF 1 and IF 2 , two out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 , one main display area DA, and four sub-display areas SA 1 , SA 2 , SA 3 , and SA 4 . In some embodiments, the out-folding area OF 1 and OF 2 may correspond to a folding area in which the second hard coating layer 160 is folded toward an inner side when the cover window 100 A is folded. The in-folding area IF 1 and IF 2 may correspond to a folding area in which the first hard coating layer 140 is folded toward ab inner side when the cover window 100 A is folded.

In some embodiments, the first to fourth sub-display areas SA 1 to SA 4 may be folded to overlap the main display area DA when the cover window 100 and 100 A is fully folded along the in-folding areas IF 1 and IF 2 and the out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 .

The base substrate 120 may include the out-folding area OF 1 and OF 2 , the in-folding area IF 1 and IF 2 , and the peripheral areas DA, SA 1 , SA 2 , SA 3 , and SA 4 each disposed on opposing sides of at least one of the out-folding area OF 1 and OF 2 and the in-folding area IF 1 and IF 2 . The base substrate 120 may protect a flexible display panel of the flexible display device. The base substrate 120 may include a transparent plastic film or a thin glass film. For example, the base substrate 120 may include polycarbonate (PC), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene-terephthalate (PET), polyimide (PI), or a combination thereof. The base substrate 120 may be formed of materials having good optical characteristics, suitable hardness, high flexibility, and high elastic recovery.

The first hard coating layer 140 may be disposed on a top surface of the base substrate 120 . The first hard coating layer 140 may have a substantially uniform thickness. The first hard coating layer 140 may improve surface hardness and shock resistance of the cover window 100 and the flexible display device. The first hard coating layer 140 may include materials having good optical characteristics, suitable hardness, high flexibility, and high elastic recovery. The first hard coating layer 140 may include an organic compound or an organic/inorganic composite compound. For example, the organic compound may include an acryl-based compound, an epoxy-based compound or a combination thereof, and the organic/inorganic composite compound may include a silicon compound such as polysilsesquioxane.

In some embodiments, the first hard coating layer 140 may be formed at the top surface of the base substrate 120 by a dipping coating, a spin coating, a spray coating, or evaporating. For example, the base substrate 140 may be dipped in a polymer solution including an acrylic resin and an epoxy resin and dried such that the first hard coating layer 140 is formed.

The second hard coating layer 160 may be disposed on a bottom surface of the base substrate 120 opposite to the top surface. The second hard coating layer 160 may improve the surface hardness and the shock resistance of the cover window 100 and the flexible display device having the same. The second hard coating layer 160 may include first areas A 1 each overlapping with (or corresponding to) the in-folding area IF 1 and IF 2 and out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 and second areas A 2 each overlapping with (or corresponding to) the peripheral areas DA, SA 1 , SA 2 , SA 3 , and SA 4 . A thickness t 3 of the first area A 1 may be less than a thickness t 2 of the second area A 2 . Thus, a total thickness of the cover window 100 corresponding to the in-folding areas IF 1 and IF 2 and the out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 may be reduced.

In some embodiments, the first area A 1 of the second hard coating layer 160 may include convex patterns periodically arranged along the folding axis FX. The convex patterns may protrude from a surface of the first area A 1 in an opposite direction of the base substrate 120 . The convex patterns may complement for the thinning folding areas FA (i.e., the in-folding area IF 1 and IF 2 and the out-folding area OF 1 and OF 2 ) such that modulus of the cover window 100 may be improved or optimized.

In some embodiments, the first area A 1 of the second hard coating layer 160 may include concave patterns periodically arranged along the folding axis FX. The concave patterns may be recessed toward the base substrate 120 such that the folding area FA may be thinner. Thus, flexibility of the folding area FA may be improved.

The thickness of the second hard coating layer t 2 may be different from a thickness of the first hard coating layer t 1 . A sum of the thickness of the first hard coating layer t 1 and the thickness t 2 of the second area A 2 may be greater than a predetermined thickness such that physical hardness of the cover window 100 may be secured. The second hard coating layer 160 may include the organic compound or the organic/inorganic composite compound as described above with respect to the first hard coating layer 140 . For example, the organic compound may include an acryl-based compound, an epoxy-based compound or a combination thereof, and the organic/inorganic composite compound may include a silicon compound such as polysilsesquioxane. When the thickness of the first area A 1 of the second hard coating layer 160 is decreased, the curvatures of the in-folding area IF 1 and IF 2 and the out-folding area OF 1 and OF 2 may decrease when the folding areas FA are fully folded. Thus, it may be easy to implement in-folding and out-folding of the cover window 100 . In addition, when the sum of the thickness t 1 of the first hard coating layer and the thickness t 2 of the second area A 2 is optimal, suitable hardness of the cover window 100 may be secured.

In some embodiments, the second hard coating layer 160 may be formed at the top surface of the base substrate 120 by dipping coating, spin coating, spray coating, or evaporating. For example, the base substrate 120 may be dipped in a polymer solution including an acrylic resin and an epoxy resin and dried such that the second hard coating layer 160 is formed. The first area A 1 may be concave from the base substrate 120 .

In some embodiments, the first hard coating layer 140 and the second hard coating layer 160 may be attached to the based substrate 120 by at least one of an optically clear adhesive (OCA) or a binder.

In some embodiments, as illustrated in FIG. 1A , the thickness t 2 of the second hard coating layer (i.e., the second area A 2 ) may be less than the thickness of the first hard coating layer t 1 . For example, the thickness t 1 of the first hard coating layer may be about 35 um, and the thickness t 2 of the second area of the second hard coating layer may be about 5 um.

In some embodiments, the first hard coating layer 140 and the second hard coating layer 160 may be made of the same material. For example, the first hard coating layer 140 and the second hard coating layer 160 may include the same organic compound or the same organic/inorganic composite compound. In some embodiments, the first hard coating layer 140 and the second hard coating layer 160 may be made of different materials. For example, the first hard coating layer 140 may be exposed to the outside of the display device. Accordingly, the material included in the first hard coating layer 140 may be selected to have a higher modulus than the second hard coating layer 160 . The curvature of the second hard coating layer 160 may be less than the first hard coating layer 140 . Accordingly, the material included in the second hard coating layer 160 may have lower bending stiffness than the first hard coating layer 140 .

As described above, the cover window 100 and 100 A in the flexible display device may have reduced thickness at the in/out-folding areas IF 1 , IF 2 , OF 1 , and OF 2 such that the curvatures of the in/out-folding areas IF 1 , IF 2 , OF 1 , and OF 2 may be minimized while maintaining sufficient hardness. Thus, the cover window 100 and 100 A may be easily folded or bent to the inside and the outside. Accordingly, the flexible display device may be easy to fold and modify, and portability of the flexible display device may be improved. Further, shapes of the in-folding area IF 1 and IF 2 and the out-folding area OF 1 and OF 2 may be substantially the same such that manufacturing costs may be reduced.

FIGS. 2A to 2C illustrate diagrams depicting examples where the cover window of FIG. 1 is folded.

Referring to FIGS. 2A to 2C , the cover window 100 may include in-folding parts and out-folding parts.

The cover window 100 in FIGS. 2A to 2C may be applied in a flexible display device. Accordingly, the cover window 100 may include a main display area DA, first and second in-folding areas IF 1 and IF 2 , first and second out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 , and first to fourth sub-display areas SA 1 to SA 4 .

FIG. 2A shows an example where parts of the cover window 100 are folded. In some embodiments, the first in-folding area IF 1 and/or the second in-folding area IF 2 may be folded in an upper side direction (direction of arrow DU). Users can see images through the upper side of the cover window 100 , which may include the first hard coating layer (see, e.g., FIG. 1A ). A lower side opposite to the upper side may be disposed on a flexible display panel. The lower side of the cover window 100 may include the second hard coating layer. As folded, the second sub-display area SA 2 may overlap with the first sub-display area SA 1 . Also, the first hard coating layer may be folded toward the inner side when the first in-folding area IF 1 is folded. The upper side of the first sub-display area SA 1 may face the upper side of the second sub display area SA 2 . Similarly, the fourth sub-display area SA 4 may overlap with the third sub-display area SA 3 such that the upper side of the third sub-display area SA 3 faces the upper side of the fourth sub display area SA 4 .

The first areas A 1 of the second hard coating layer corresponding to the first and second in-folding areas IF 1 and IF 2 may be located at outer sides of the first and second in-folding areas IF 1 and IF 2 . The in-folding areas IF 1 and IF 2 of the second hard coating layer may be concave such that the first and second in-folding areas IF 1 and IF 2 are thin compared with other portions. The bending stiffness of the first and second in-folding areas IF 1 and IF 2 may be less than that of the main display area DA and the first to fourth sub-display areas SA 1 to SA 4 . When the bending stiffness of the in-folding areas IF 1 and IF 2 are reduced, curvatures of the in-folding areas R 1 ′ and R 2 ′ may be reduced. A slimmer shape of the flexible display device may be provided due to the reduced curvatures of the in-folding areas R 1 ′ and R 2 ′

In some embodiments, the curvature of the first in-folding area R 1 ′ may be substantially the same as the curvature of the second in-folding area R 2 ′ when the first and second in-folding areas IF 1 and IF 2 are fully folded. In this case, heights of both ends of the cover window 100 may be the same when the when the first and second in-folding areas IF 1 and IF 2 are fully folded.

In some embodiments, the curvature of the first in-folding area R 1 ′ may be different from the curvature of the second in-folding area R 2 ′ when the first and second in-folding areas IF 1 and IF 2 are fully folded. In this case, the heights of the ends of the cover window 100 may be different from each other when the first and second in-folding areas IF 1 and IF 2 are fully folded. Thus, it may be easier to grip the device.

As illustrated in FIGS. 2B and 2C , the first and second out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 may be folded in a lower side direction (direction of arrow DD). The first sub-display area SA 1 overlap with a part of the main display area DA and the third sub-display area SA 3 may overlap with another part of the main display area DA. The second hard coating layer corresponding to the first and third sub-display areas SA 1 and SA 3 may be folded toward the inner side when the first and second out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 are folded. The lower side of the main display area DA may face the lower side of the first sub-display area SA 1 and the lower side of the third sub-display area SA 3 .

The first areas of the second hard coating layer corresponding to the first and second out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 may be located at inner sides of the first and second out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 . The first and second out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 of the second hard coating layer may be concave such that the first and second out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 are thin compared with other portions. Thus, the bending stiffness of the first and second out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 may be less than that of the main display area DA and the first to fourth sub-display areas SA 1 to SA 4 . When the bending stiffness of the out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 are reduced, curvatures of the out-folding areas R 1 and R 2 may be reduced. A flexible display device having a slimmer shape may be implemented due to the reduced curvatures of the out-folding areas R 1 and R 2 .

In some embodiments, the curvature of the first out-folding area R 1 may be substantially the same as the curvature of the second out-folding area R 2 when the first and second out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 are fully folded. In this case, heights of both ends of the cover window 100 may be the same when the when the first and second out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 are fully folded.

In some embodiments, the curvature of the first out-folding area R 1 may be different from the curvature of the second out-folding area R 2 when the first and second out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 are fully folded. In this case, the heights of ends of the cover window 100 may be different from each other when the when the first and second out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 are fully folded. Thus, it may be easier to grip the device.

In some embodiments, at least one of the curvatures of the first and second out-folding areas and the first and second in-folding areas R 1 , R 2 , R 1 ′, and R 2 ′ may be different when all of the folding areas are fully folded.

The first and second out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 and the first and second in-folding areas IF 1 and IF 2 of the cover window 100 may be thinner than the main display area DA and the sub-display areas SA 1 to SA 4 of the cover window 100 , such that the curvatures of the folding areas R 1 , R 2 , R 1 ′, and R 2 ′ may be minimized (or reduced compared with a general cover window). Thus, it may be possible to manufacture a bidirectional sliding flexible display device.

FIG. 3 illustrates a perspective view depicting an example of the cover window of FIG. 1 . FIG. 4 is a perspective view depicting another example of the cover window of FIG. 1 . FIG. 5 is a perspective view depicting another example of the cover window of FIG. 1 . FIG. 6 illustrates a perspective view depicting another example of the cover window of FIG. 1 .

In FIGS. 3 to 6 , like reference numerals are used to designate elements of the cover window the same as those in FIG. 1A , and detailed description of these elements will not be repeated. The cover windows of FIGS. 3 to 6 may be substantially the same as or similar to the cover window of FIG. 1A except for details of the second hard coating layer.

Referring to FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 3 to 6 , the cover window may include a base substrate 120 , a first hard coating layer 140 , and a second hard coating layer 161 , 162 , 163 , and 164 .

The second hard coating layer 161 may include first areas A 1 overlapping with folding areas FA and second areas A 2 overlapping peripheral areas. The first areas A 1 and the second areas A 2 may be arranged in a first direction (direction of arrow DR 1 ). The first areas A 1 of the second hard coating area 161 , 162 , 163 , and 164 may be thinner than the second areas A 2 . Each of the folding areas FA may be folded along a folding axis FX. The folding axis may be an imaginary line that extends along a second direction (direction of arrow DR 2 ) perpendicular to the first direction DR 1 .

As illustrated in FIG. 3 , a bottom surface of the first area A 1 of the second hard coating area 161 may be a curved groove. A thickness t 3 of one first area A 1 in the first direction DR 1 may be not uniform. For example, the thickness of a center portion of the first area A 1 may be the less than other portions. The thickness t 3 of first area A 1 in the second direction DR 2 may be substantially uniform. In some embodiments, the thickness of the center portion of the first area A 1 may correspond to about 20% to about 80% of the thickness t 2 of the second area A 2 .

The bending stress (or folding stress) may be substantially concentrated in the folding areas FA when the cover window 100 is folded. The thickness t 3 of the first area A 1 corresponding to the folding area FA may be less than the thickness t 2 of the second area A 2 such that the folding stress on the folding area FA may be reduced.

As illustrated in FIG. 4 , the thickness t 3 of the first area A 1 of the second hard coating area 162 may be less than the thickness t 2 of the second area A 2 . In this embodiment, the bottom surface of the first area A 1 may be a square groove. For example, the thickness t 3 of the first area A 1 may be substantially uniform. In some embodiments, the thickness t 3 of the first area A 1 may correspond to about 20% to about 80% of the thickness t 2 of the second area A 2 . The thickness t 3 of the first area A 1 corresponding to the folding area FA may be less than the thickness t 2 of the second area A 2 such that the folding stress on the folding area FA may be reduced.

As illustrated in FIG. 5 , the thickness t 3 of the first area A 1 of the second hard coating area 162 may be less than the thickness t 2 of the second area A 2 . In this embodiment, the bottom surface of the first area A 1 may be a square groove. A width W 1 of a first portion of the first area A 1 closer to the base substrate may be less than a width W 2 of a second portion of the first area A 1 . For example, a cross section of the first area A 1 may be a trapezoidal shape. The width W 1 of the first portion may be uniform in the second direction DR 2 . In some embodiments, the thickness t 3 of the first area A 1 may correspond to about 20% to about 80% of the thickness t 2 of the second area A 2 . The thickness t 3 of the first area A 1 corresponding to the folding area FA may be less than the thickness t 2 of the second area A 2 such that the folding stress on the folding area FA may be reduced.

As illustrated in FIG. 6 , the thickness t 3 of the first area A 1 of the second hard coating area 162 may be less than the thickness t 2 of the second area A 2 . In the this embodiment, a cross section of the first area A 1 may be a triangular shape. The thickness t 3 of the first area A 1 in the first direction DR 1 may be not uniform. For example, the thickness of the center portion of the first area A 1 may be the thinnest. The thickness t 3 of first area A 1 in the second direction DR 2 may be substantially uniform. In some embodiments, the thickness of the center portion of the first area A 1 may correspond to about 20% to about 80% of the thickness t 2 of the second area A 2 . The thickness t 3 of the first area A 1 corresponding to the folding area FA may be less than the thickness t 2 of the second area A 2 such that the folding stress on the folding area FA may be reduced.

FIG. 7 is a diagram of a cover window of a cover window of a flexible display device according to an example embodiment.

In FIG. 7 , like reference numerals are used to designate elements of the cover window the same as those in FIG. 1A , and detailed description of these elements may not be repeated. The cover window of FIG. 7 may be substantially the same as or similar to the cover window of FIG. 1A except for details of the second hard coating layer.

Referring to FIG. 7 , the cover window 100 B may include a base substrate 120 , a first hard coating layer 140 , and a second hard coating layer 165 .

The second hard coating layer 165 may include first areas A 1 overlapping with folding areas FA and second areas A 2 overlapping peripheral areas. The first areas A 1 and the second areas A 2 may be arranged in a first direction (direction of arrow DR 1 ). The first areas A 1 of the second hard coating area 161 , 162 , 163 , and 164 may be thinner than the second areas A 2 . In some embodiments, the first area A 1 of the second hard coating layer 165 may include convex patterns periodically arranged along a folding axis that defines the first area A 1 . The folding axis may be an imaginary line extended along a second direction (direction of arrow DR 2 ) perpendicular to the first direction DR 1 . The convex patterns may protrude from the base substrate 120 (i.e., a bottom substrate of the second hard coating layer 165 ). Thus, a thickness of the portions of the first area A 1 including the convex patterns may be greater than the thickness of the portions of the first area A 1 not including the convex patterns. For example, the thickness of the portions of the first area A 1 including the convex patterns may be substantially the same as the thickness of the second area A 2 .

Deterioration of the modulus due to reduction of the thickness of the folding area FA may be reduced. The modulus and flexibility of the folding area FA may be controlled by adjusting the widths between the convex patterns and heights (or the thickness) of the convex patterns.

In some embodiments, the first area A 1 of the second hard coating layer 165 may include concave patterns periodically arranged along the folding axis (i.e., in the second direction DR 2 ). The concave patterns may be recessed toward the base substrate 120 .

FIG. 8 illustrates a partial cross-sectional view taken along section line I-I′ in FIG. 7 , according to an example. FIG. 9 illustrates a partial cross-sectional view taken along section line I-I′ in FIG. 7 , according to another example. FIG. 10 illustrates a partial cross-sectional view taken along section line I-I′ in FIG. 7 , according to another example. FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a partial cross-sectional view taken along section line I-I′ in FIG. 7 , according to another example.

In FIGS. 8 to 11 , like reference numerals are used to designate elements of the cover window the same as those in FIGS. 1A and 7 , and detailed description of these elements may not be repeated. The cover windows of FIGS. 8 to 11 may be substantially the same as or similar to the cover window of FIG. 7 except for details of the second hard coating layer.

Referring to FIGS. 7 to 11 , the first area A 1 of the second hard coating layer 165 in the cover window 100 B of FIG. 7 may include convex patterns or concave patterns.

The cross section taken along section line I-I′ of the cover window 100 B of FIG. 7 may be the first area A 1 corresponding to a folding area FA. FIGS. 8 to 11 show parts of the cross section of the first area A 1 taken along the second direction DR 2 .

The cover window 100 B may include a base substrate 120 , a first hard coating layer 140 , and a second hard coating layer 165 . The base substrate 120 may be between the first hard coating layer 140 and the second hard coating layer 165 . A thickness of the second hard coating layer, e.g., t 3 +t 4 , may be less than a thickness of the first hard coating layer t 1 .

As illustrated in FIG. 8 , a first area A 1 of the second hard coating layer 165 may include convex patterns 165 A arranged along a folding axis that defines the first area A 1 . The folding axis may be an imaginary line extended along a second direction (direction of arrow DR 2 ) perpendicular to the first direction DR 1 . In some embodiments, the width of the convex patterns 165 A may be substantially uniform. A planar section of the convex patterns 165 A may have a circular shape or a square shape. As an example, the convex patterns 165 A may be periodically arranged in the second direction DR 2 with a predetermined period T. As another example, the convex patterns 165 A may be aperiodically arranged in the second direction DR 2 .

In some embodiments, a thickness t 4 of the convex pattern may be substantially the same as the thickness t 2 of the second area A 2 of the second hard coating layer 165 . In some embodiments, the thickness t 4 of the convex pattern may be less than the thickness t 2 of the second area A 2 . Accordingly, the thickness t 4 of the convex pattern may be controlled such that the tensile modulus of the folding area FA relatively thinner than peripheral area may be improved or optimized.

As illustrated in FIG. 9 , the first area A 1 of the second hard coating layer 165 may include convex patterns 165 B arranged in the second direction DR 2 . In some embodiments, each convex pattern 165 B may have a taper. For example, a cross section of the convex pattern 165 B may be a trapezoidal shape. The convex patterns 165 B may be periodically arranged in the second direction DR 2 to have a predetermined period T. In other implementations, the convex patterns 165 B may be aperiodically arranged in the second direction DR 2 . In some embodiments, the thickness of the convex patterns t 4 may be substantially the same as the thickness t 2 of the second area A 2 of the second hard coating layer 165 . In other implementations, the thickness t 4 of the convex pattern may be less than the thickness t 2 of the second area A 2 .

As illustrated in FIG. 10 , the first area A 1 of the second hard coating layer 165 may include convex patterns 165 C arranged in the second direction DR 2 . In the this embodiment, the each convex pattern 165 C may have a taper. For example, the convex pattern 165 C may have a hemispherical shape. The convex patterns 165 C may be periodically arranged in the second direction DR 2 to have a predetermined period T. In other implementations, the convex patterns 165 C may be aperiodically arranged in the second direction DR 2 . In some embodiments, the thickness of the convex patterns t 4 may be substantially the same as the thickness t 2 of the second area A 2 of the second hard coating layer 165 . In other implementations, the thickness t 4 of the convex pattern may be less than the thickness t 2 of the second area A 2 .

As illustrated in FIG. 11 , the first area A 1 of the second hard coating layer 165 may include concave patterns 165 D arranged in the second direction DR 2 . The concave patterns 165 D maybe recessed toward the base substrate 120 . The convex patterns 165 C may be periodically arranged in the second direction DR 2 to have a predetermined period T. In other implementations, the convex patterns 165 C may be aperiodically arranged in the second direction DR 2 . A thickness t 4 of the first area A 1 including the concave patterns may be less than the thickness t 3 of the first area A 1 not including the concave patterns. In other implementations, the thickness t 3 of the first area A 1 may be less than the thickness t 2 of the second area A 2 . Accordingly, the thickness t 4 of the concave pattern may be controlled such that tensile modulus and flexibility of the folding area FA may be improved or optimized.

As described above, the folding area FA of the second hard coating layer 165 , which is relatively thinner than peripheral area, may include the convex patterns or the concave patterns such that the tensile modulus and flexibility of the folding area FA of the cover window may be improved.

FIG. 12 illustrates a diagram of a cover window of a flexible display device according to example embodiments.

In FIG. 12 , like reference numerals are used to designate elements of the cover window that are the same as those in FIGS. 1A and 1B , and detailed description of these elements may not be repeated. The cover window illustrated in FIG. 12 may be substantially the same as or similar to the cover window of FIG. 1A except for details of the second hard coating layer.

Referring to FIG. 12 , the cover window 100 C may include a base substrate 120 , a first hard coating layer 140 B, and a second hard coating layer 160 B.

The cover window 100 C may include an out-folding area OF 1 and OF 2 , an in-folding area IF 1 and IF 2 , and a plurality of peripheral areas DA, SA 1 , SA 2 , SA 3 , and SA 4 each disposed on opposing sides of at least one of the out-folding area OF 1 and OF 2 and the in-folding area IF 1 and IF 2 . The peripheral areas DA, SA 1 , SA 2 , SA 3 , and SA 4 may include a main display area DA and sub display areas SA 1 , SA 2 , SA 3 , and SA 4 .

The base substrate 120 may include a transparent plastic film or a thin glass film. The base substrate 120 may be formed by materials having good optical characteristics, suitable hardness, high flexibility, and high elastic recovery.

The first hard coating layer 140 B may be disposed at a top surface of the base substrate 120 . The first hard coating layer 140 may have a substantially uniform thickness. The second hard coating layer 160 may be disposed at a bottom surface of the base substrate 120 opposite to the top surface. The second hard coating layer 160 may include first areas A 1 overlapping with (or corresponding to) the in-folding areas IF 1 and IF 2 and out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 and second areas A 2 overlapping with (or corresponding to) the peripheral areas DA, SA 1 , SA 2 , SA 3 , and SA 4 . In the present embodiment, a thickness t 2 of the second area of the second hard coating layer may be greater than a thickness t 1 of the first hard coating layer. A thickness t 3 of the first area A 1 may be less than the thickness t 2 of the second area A 2 . Thus, a total thickness of the cover window 100 corresponding to the in-folding areas IF 1 and IF 2 and the out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 may be reduced.

In some embodiments, the first area A 1 of the second hard coating layer 160 B may include convex patterns periodically arranged in the second direction DR 2 . The convex patterns may protrude from a surface of the first area A 1 in an opposite direction of the base substrate 120 . Thus, the convex patterns may complement for the thinning folding areas (i.e., the in-folding area IF 1 and IF 2 and the out-folding area OF 1 and OF 2 ) such that modulus of the cover window 100 C may be improved or optimized.

As described above, the cover window 100 C in the flexible display device may have reduced thickness at the in/out-folding areas IF 1 , IF 2 , OF 1 , and OF 2 such that the curvatures of the in/out-folding areas IF 1 , IF 2 , OF 1 , and OF 2 may be minimized while maintaining the high hardness.

FIG. 13A illustrates a diagram of a flexible display device according to example embodiments. FIG. 13B illustrates a diagram illustrating an example of the flexible display device of FIG. 13A superposed on a general display device for comparison.

Referring to FIGS. 13A and 13B , the flexible display device 1000 may include a flexible display panel 200 and a cover window 100 . The cover window 100 may correspond to one of the cover windows described referring to FIGS. 1A to 12 .

The flexible display device 1000 may include at least parts that may be bent, rolled, and/or folded. For example, the flexible display device 1000 may be a sliding flexible display device such that that first to fourth sub-display areas SA 1 to SA 4 of the cover window 100 may selectively overlap a lower side (or non-light emitting surface) of a main display area DA by folding in or out the folding areas IF 1 , IF 2 , OF 1 , and OF 2 .

The flexible display device 1000 (i.e., the flexible display panel 200 ) may include the in-folding area IF 1 and IF 2 , the out-folding area OF 1 and OF 2 , and a plurality of peripheral areas each disposed on opposing sides of at least one of the out-folding area and the in-folding area OF 1 , OF 2 , IF 1 , and IF 2 . The peripheral areas may include the main display area DA and the sub-display areas SA 1 to SA 4 . The main display area 1000 may display a main image when the flexible display device 1000 is fully folded. The out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 may be folding areas between the main display area DA and the first sub-display area SA 1 and between the main display area DA and the third display area SA 3 . In some embodiments, the out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 may be fully folded such that non-light emitting surfaces of the display area and the sub-display areas SA 1 and SA 3 face each other. The in-folding area IF 1 and IF 2 may be folding areas between the first sub-display area SA 1 and the second sub-display area SA 2 and between the third sub-display area SA 3 and the fourth sub-display area SA 4 . In some embodiments, the in-folding areas IF 1 and IF 2 may be fully folded such that light emitting surfaces of the first sub-display area SA 1 and the second sub-display area SA 2 face each other and light-emitting surfaces of third sub-display area SA 3 and the fourth sub-display area SA 4 face each other.

The flexible display device 1000 may include the first to fourth sub-display areas SA 1 to SA 4 . The first sub-display area SA 1 may be disposed adjacent to a first side S 1 of the main display area DA 1 . The first out-folding area OF 1 may be between the main display area DA and the first sub-display area SA 1 . The non-light emitting surface of the first sub-display area SA 1 opposite to the light emitting surface may face the non-light emitting surface of the main display area DA when the first out-folding area OF 1 is fully folded. The second sub-display area SA 2 may be disposed adjacent to the first sub-display area SA 1 . The first in-folding area IF 1 may be between the first sub-display area SA 1 and the second sub-display area SA 2 . The light emitting surface of the second sub-display area SA 2 may face the light emitting surface of the first sub-display area SA 1 when the first in-folding area IF 1 is fully folded. The third sub-display area SA 3 may be disposed adjacent to a second side S 2 of the main display area DA opposite to the first side S 1 . The second out-folding area OF 2 may be between the main display area DA and the third sub-display area SA 3 . The non-light emitting surface of the third sub-display area SA 3 may face the non-light emitting surface of the main display area DA when the second out-folding area OF 2 is fully folded. The fourth sub-display area SA 4 may be disposed adjacent to the third sub-display area SA 3 . The second in-folding area IF 2 may be between the third sub-display area SA 3 and the fourth sub-display area SA 4 . The light emitting surface of the fourth sub-display area SA 4 may face the light emitting surface of the third sub-display area SA 3 when the second in-folding area is fully folded

In some embodiments, widths of the first to and second sub-display areas SA 1 to SA 2 in a first direction DR 1 from the first side S 1 to the second side S 2 may be less than half a width of the main display area DA 1 in the first direction DR 1 . Widths of the third and fourth sub-display areas SA 3 to SA 4 in the first direction DR 1 from the second side S 2 to the first side S 1 may be less than half a width of the main display area DA 1 in the first direction DR 1 . Thus, when the flexible display device 1000 is fully folded, the first to fourth sub-display areas SA 1 to SA 4 may be covered by the main display area DA.

The out-folding area OF 1 and OF 2 may include the first out-folding area OF 1 between the first side S 1 of the main display area DA and the first sub-display area SA 1 and the second out-folding area OF 2 between the second side S 2 of the main display area DA and the third sub-display area SA 3 .

The in-folding area IF 1 and IF 2 may include the first in-folding area IF 1 between the first sub-display area SA 1 and the second sub-display area SA 2 and the second in-folding area IF 2 between the third sub-display area SA 3 and the fourth sub-display area SA 4 .

The flexible display device 1000 may include the flexible display panel 200 and the cover window 100 . The flexible display device 1000 may further include an adhesive member AM to attach the flexible display panel 200 to the cover window 100 . In some embodiments, the flexible display device 1000 may further include functional members between the flexible display panel 200 and the cover window 100 . The flexible display device 1000 may further include a guide member at a lower side of the second and fourth sub-display areas SA 2 and SA 4 of the flexible display panel 200 to guide folding and unfolding of the flexible display device 1000 .

The flexible display panel 200 may include a flexible substrate, a plurality of signal lines on the flexible substrate, and a plurality of pixels electrically connected to the signal lines. The pixels may generate an image based on signals receiving from the signal lines. The flexible display panel 200 may display image through the light emitting surface. The flexible display panel 200 may be an organic light emitting display panel, an electrophoretic display panel, etc. The main display area DA, the sub-display areas SA 1 to SA 4 , the in-folding areas IF 1 and IF 2 , and the out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 of the flexible display panel 200 may display the image.

In some implementations, the cover window 100 may be disposed on the light emitting surface of the flexible display panel 200 . The cover window 100 may overlap the main display area DA, the sub-display areas SA 1 to SA 4 , the in-folding areas IF 1 and IF 2 , and the out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 .

The cover window 100 may include a base substrate 120 having a transparent film, a first hard coating layer 140 on the base substrate 120 , and a second hard coating layer 160 between the base substrate 120 and the flexible display panel 200 .

The base substrate 120 may include a transparent plastic film or a thin glass film. The base substrate 120 may be formed by materials having good optical characteristics, suitable hardness, high flexibility, and high elastic recovery.

The first hard coating layer 140 may be disposed at a top surface of the base substrate 120 . The first hard coating layer 140 may have a substantially uniform thickness. The first hard coating layer 140 may improve surface hardness and shock resistance of the cover window 100 and the flexible display device 1000 having the same.

The second hard coating layer 160 may be disposed at a bottom surface of the base substrate 120 opposite to the top surface. The second hard coating layer 160 may improve the surface hardness and the shock resistance of the cover window 100 and the flexible display device 1000 having the same. The second hard coating layer 160 may be divided by first areas A 1 each overlapping with (or corresponding to) the in-folding area IF 1 and IF 2 and out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 and second areas A 2 each overlapping with (or corresponding to) the peripheral areas DA, SA 1 , SA 2 , SA 3 , and SA 4 . A thickness of the first area A 1 may be less than a thickness of the second area A 2 . Thus, a total thickness of the cover window 100 corresponding to the in-folding areas IF 1 and IF 2 and the out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 may be reduced and curvatures of the in/out-folding areas IF 1 . IF 2 , OF 1 , and OF 2 may be minimized. For example, the curvatures of the in-folding areas IF 1 and IF 2 and the out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 may be about from 0.1 mm to about 10 mm

In some embodiments, the first area A 1 of the second hard coating layer 160 may include convex patterns periodically or aperiodically arranged along a folding axis FX which defines the first area A 1 . The convex patterns may protrude from the base substrate 120 . The convex patterns may complement for the thinning folding areas (i.e., the in-folding area IF 1 and IF 2 and the out-folding area OF 1 and OF 2 ) such that modulus of the cover window 100 C may be improved or optimized.

The cover window 100 and the second hard coating layer 160 are described above referred to FIGS. 1A to 12 . Accordingly duplicate descriptions will not be repeated.

As illustrated in FIG. 13B , the first and second sub-display areas SA 1 and SA 2 may be unfolded in the first direction DR 1 and folded in an opposite direction of the first direction DR 1 . When the first in-folding area IF 1 and the first out-folding area OF 1 is fully folded, the first and second sub-display areas SA 1 and SA 2 may be covered or overlapped by the main display area DA 1 . Similarly, the third and fourth sub-display areas SA 3 and SA 4 may be unfolded in the opposite direction of the first direction DR 1 and folded in the first direction DR 1 . When the second in-folding area IF 2 and the second out-folding area OF 2 is fully folded, the third and fourth sub-display areas SA 3 and SA 4 may be covered or overlapped by the main display area DA 1 .

When the flexible display device 1000 is fully unfolded, an area of the whole display area may be about three times the main display area DA. As shown in FIG. 13B , the display area may be about three times the display area of a general, non-flixible display device as shown in FIG. 13B . The main display area DA, the sub-display areas SA 1 to SA 4 , the in-folding areas IF 1 and IF 2 , and the out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 may display an image. Thus, the flexible display device 1000 may have various sizes of image display and have a bidirectional sliding display. Portability of the flexible display device may be improved.

As described above, the flexible display device 1000 may include the cover window with an improved tensile modulus such that the curvatures of the in/out-folding areas IF 1 , IF 2 , OF 1 , and OF 2 may be minimized while maintaining the high hardness. Accordingly, the flexible display device may be easy to fold and modify, and the portability of the flexible display device may be improved. Especially, a sliding flexible display device 1000 capable of in/out-folding may be implemented.

FIG. 14 illustrates a diagram depicting the flexible display device of FIG. 13A fully folded, according to an example. FIG. 15 illustrates a diagram depicting the flexible display device of FIG. 13A fully folded, according to another example.

Referring to FIGS. 14 and 15 , the flexible display device 1000 may include first and second in-folding areas IF 1 and IF 2 and first and second out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 .

The sub-display areas SA 1 to SA 4 may slide due to an arrangement of the in-folding areas IF 1 and IF 2 and first and second out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 .

In some embodiments, as illustrated in FIG. 14 , a curvature R 1 of the first out-folding area OF 1 may be substantially the same as a curvature R 2 of the second out-folding area OF 2 when the first and second out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 are fully folded. Similarly, a curvature R 1 ′ of the first in-folding area IF 1 may be substantially the same as a curvature R 2 ′ of the second in-folding area IF 2 when the first and second in-folding areas IF 1 and IF 2 are fully folded. In this, the curvature R 1 ′ of the first in-folding area IF 1 may be the same as or different from the curvature R 1 of the first out-folding area OF 1 . Thus, when the first and second out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 and the first and second in-folding areas IF 1 and IF 2 are fully folded, a height of left side H 1 of the flexible display device 1000 may be substantially the same as a height of right side H 2 of the flexible display device 1000 .

In some embodiments, as illustrated in FIG. 15 , the curvature R 1 of the first out-folding area OF 1 may be different form the curvature R 2 of the second out-folding area OF 2 when the first and second out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 are fully folded. The curvature R 1 ′ of the first in-folding area IF 1 may be different from the curvature R 2 ′ of the second in-folding area IF 2 when the first and second in-folding areas IF 1 and IF 2 are fully folded. In some embodiments, at least one of the curvatures R 1 , R 2 , R 1 ′, and R 2 ′ of the first and second out-folding areas and the first and second in-folding areas OF 1 , OF 2 , IF 1 , and IF 2 may be different when all of the folding areas are fully folded. Thus, when the first and second out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 and the first and second in-folding areas IF 1 and IF 2 are fully folded, the height of one side H 1 (for example, the left side) of the flexible display device 1000 may be different from a height of other side H 2 (for example, the right side) of the flexible display device 1000 . Thus, it may be easier to grip the flexible display device 1000 .

FIG. 16 illustrates a diagram depicting an example of a display panel in the flexible display device of FIG. 13A .

Referring to FIG. 16 , the flexible display panel 200 may include first to third flexible printed circuit boards (FPCBs).

The flexible display panel 200 may include a main display area DA, in-folding areas IF 1 and IF 2 , out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 , and sub-display areas SA 1 to SA 4 . The display areas and the folding areas of the flexible display panel 200 may include a plurality of pixels electrically connected to signal lines.

The first FPCB 220 may be connected to a third side S 3 of the main display area DA, a part of the third side S 3 of the first out-folding area OF 1 , and a part of the third side S 3 of the second out-folding area OF 2 , having a bridge form. As illustrated in FIG. 16 , a side of the first FPCB 220 may be not connected to all of the third side S 3 of the first and second out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 . When the first and second out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 are folded, portions of the first FPCB 220 that overlap with the first and second out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 may be minimized, such that folding stress to the first FPCB 220 may be reduced. Fan-out units 231 , 232 , and 233 that electrically connect the first FPCB 220 to the display areas DA, OF 1 , and OF 2 as illustrated in FIG. 16 may have a uniform resistance.

The first FPCB 220 may include a driving chip 224 (or a drive integrated circuit) to control images displayed in the out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 and the main display area DA. In some embodiments, the driving chip 224 may include a scan driver, a data driver, and a timing controller.

The second FPCB 240 may be connected to a fourth side S 4 of the first sub-display area SA 1 opposite to the third side S 3 , the fourth side S 4 of the second sub-display area SA 2 , and a part of the fourth side S 4 of the first in-folding area IF 1 , having the bridge form. For example, the second FPCB 240 may be connected a part of the first in-folding area IF 1 . When the first in-folding area IF 1 is folded, a portion of the second FPCB 240 that overlaps with the first in-folding area IF 1 may be minimized, such that folding stress to the second FPCB 240 may be reduced. In this case, Fan-out units 251 , 252 , and 253 that electrically connect the second FPCB 240 to the display areas SA 1 , SA 2 , and IF 1 as illustrated in FIG. 16 may have a uniform resistance.

The second FPCB 240 may include a driving chip 244 (or a drive integrated circuit) to control images displayed in the first in-folding area IF 1 and the first and second sub-display areas SA 1 and SA 2 . In some embodiments, the driving chip 244 may include a scan driver, a data driver, and a timing controller.

The third FPCB 260 may be connected to the fourth side S 4 of the third sub-display area SA 3 , the fourth side S 4 of the fourth sub-display area SA 4 , and a part of the fourth side S 4 of the second in-folding area IF 2 , having the bridge form. For example, the third FPCB 260 may be connected a part of the second in-folding area IF 2 . When the second in-folding area IF 2 is folded, a portion of the third FPCB 260 that overlaps with the second in-folding area IF 2 may be minimized, such that folding stress to the third FPCB 260 may be reduced. Fan-out units 271 , 272 , and 273 that electrically connect the third FPCB 260 to the display areas SA 3 , SA 4 , and IF 2 as illustrated in FIG. 16 may have a uniform resistance.

The third FPCB 260 may include a driving chip 264 (or a drive integrated circuit) to control images displayed in the second in-folding area IF 1 and the third and fourth sub-display areas SA 3 and SA 4 . In some embodiments, the driving chip 264 may include a scan driver, a data driver, and a timing controller.

In some embodiments, the driving chips 224 , 244 , and 264 may be mounted on the first to third FPCBs 220 , 240 , and 260 as a Chip-On-Film (COF), respectively.

Accordingly, the bridge form FPCBs 220 , 240 , and 260 may be included in the flexible display panel 200 such that curvatures of the in-folding areas IF 1 and IF 2 and the out-folding areas OF 1 and OF 2 may be reduced.

FIG. 17 illustrates a diagram depicting an example of the flexible display device of FIG. 13A including a guide member. FIGS. 18A to 18C illustrate diagrams depicting examples where the flexible display device of FIG. 17 is unfolded.

Referring to FIGS. 13A and 17 to 18C , the flexible display device 1010 may further include a first guide member 300 and a second guide member 400 . The flexible display device 1010 may further include a buffer member 500 .

The first guide member 300 may be disposed at a non-emitting surface (or a lower surface) of the second sub-display area SA 2 . For example, the first guide member 300 may cover the non-emitting surface and sides of the second sub-display area SA 2 . The first guide member 300 may further cover at least a portion of the first in-folding area IF 1 . The first guide member 300 may guide movements of the first and second sub-display areas SA 1 and SA 2 and guide folding and unfolding of the first out-folding area OF 1 and the first in-folding area IF 1 . The first guide member 300 may include a first fixing element 320 to maintain the appearance of the flexible display panel 200 . The first fixing element 320 may be fixed to an end of the second sub-display area SA 2 . The first fixing element 320 may prevent from unfolding/sliding of the second sub-display area SA 2 when the flexible display panel 200 is fully folded.

In some embodiments, the first guide member 300 and the first fixing element 320 may include a reinforced plastic or a metal.

The second guide member 400 may be disposed at the non-emitting surface (or the lower surface) of the fourth sub-display area SA 4 . For example, the second guide member 400 may cover the non-emitting surface and sides of the fourth sub-display area SA 4 . The second guide member 400 may further cover at least a portion of the second in-folding area IF 2 . The second guide member 400 may guide movements of the third and fourth sub-display areas SA 3 and SA 4 and may guide the folding and unfolding of the second out-folding area OF 2 and the second in-folding area IF 2 . The second guide member 400 may include a second fixing element 420 to maintain the appearance of the flexible display panel 200 . The second fixing element 420 may be fixed to an end of the fourth sub-display area SA 4 . The second fixing element 420 may prevent from unfolding/sliding the fourth sub-display area SA 4 when the flexible display panel 200 is fully folded.

The buffer member 500 may be disposed at the non-light emitting surface of the main display area to maintain/support the appearance of the flexible display device 1010 and to protect the flexible display device 1010 from external shock and pollutants. In some embodiments, the buffer member 500 may include a reinforced plastic or metal.

As illustrated in FIG. 18A , the first guide member 300 may be pivoted to incline in a direction (direction of arrow DD) away from the light emitting surface of the main display area to guide unfolding of the second sub-display area SA 2 when the first in-folding area IF 1 is unfolded. For example, the first guide member may be rotated to an oblique or perpendicular angle with respect light emitting surface. The first guide member 300 may be rotated in an opposite direction of the direction DD to guide folding of the second sub-display area SA 2 when the first in-folding area IF 1 is folded. In some embodiments, an inclined angle (or rotated angle) θ may be an acute angle. The guide member 300 may include a bearing or a hinge covering the first in-folding area IF 1 . The first guide member 300 may be rotated or inclined by a rotation of the bearing or the hinge. Similarly, the second guide member 400 may be pivoted to incline in a direction away from the light emitting surface to guide unfolding of the fourth sub-display area SA 4 when the second in-folding area IF 2 is unfolded.

As illustrated in FIG. 18B , the first guide member 300 may be extendable in the first direction (direction of arrow DR 1 ) when the first out-folding area OF 1 is unfolded. The first guide member 300 may be extended in the first direction DR 1 such that the first out-folding area OF 1 and the first sub-display area SA 1 may be unfolded in the first direction DR 1 . A length of the first guide member 300 may be decreased in an direction opposite to the first direction DR 1 when the first out-folding area OF 1 is folded. Similarly, the second guide member 400 may be extended in the opposite direction of the first direction DR 1 when the second out-folding area OF 2 is unfolded.

As illustrated in FIG. 18C , the first guide member 300 may rotate in the opposite direction DU of the direction DD to lift up the first and second sub-display areas SA 1 and SA 2 when the first in-folding area IF 1 , the first out-folding area OF 1 , the first sub-display area SA 1 , and the second sub-display area SA 2 are fully unfolded. The first and second sub-display areas SA 1 and SA 2 may be in a substantially straight line with the main display area DA. The first fixing element 320 may hold the flexible display panel 200 to keep the display panel from folding.

The second guide member 400 may be substantially the same as or similar to the first guide member 300 . Accordingly, a duplicate descriptions will not be repeated.

FIG. 19 illustrates a diagram depicting an example of an operation of the flexible display device of FIG. 13 .

Referring to FIGS. 13 and 19 , the flexible display device 1000 may display images.

As illustrated in FIG. 19 , when the flexible display device 1000 is fully folded (in a normal mode) the main display area DA, the first out-folding area OF 1 , and the second out-folding area OF 2 may display a first image IMAGE 1 , a second image IMAGE 2 , and a third image IMAGE 3 , respectively. The first out-folding area OF 1 and the second out-folding area OF 2 may correspond to curved display areas.

FIGS. 20A to 20D illustrate diagrams depicting examples of operations of the flexible display device of FIG. 13 .

Referring to FIGS. 20A to 20D , a display image may be controlled by touching or bending corners CA 1 to CA 4 of the flexible display device 1000 . FIGS. 20B and 20C roughly shows a cross section of a portion of II of the flexible display device of FIG. 20A .

A state that the flexible display device 1000 is fully unfolded (or extended) may be defined as a wide mode and a state that the flexible display device 1000 is fully folded (illustrated in FIG. 19 ) may be defined as a normal mode.

In some embodiments, the displayed image may be controlled depending on bending angles of the corners CA 1 to CA 4 . For example, the displayed image may be moved, expanded or reduced based on the bending angles of the corners CA 1 to CA 4 or touching directions at the corners CA 1 to CA 4 .

In some embodiments, as illustrated in FIG. 20A , when a first corner CA 1 is bent in a direction a 1 , the displayed image may move in the direction a 1 . When a user drags the first corner CA 1 in the direction a 1 , the displayed image may move in the direction a 1 . Similarly, when a second corner CA 2 or a third corner CA 3 is bent in a direction b 1 or c 1 , the displayed image may move in the direction b 1 or c 1 .

As illustrated in FIG. 20B , in the wide mode, the displayed image may be expanded to a maximum size. In some embodiments, the displayed image may be maximized when one of the corners CA 1 to CA 4 is bent within a predetermined angle range. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 20C , when the one of the corners CA 1 to CA 4 is bent over a first reference angle θ 1 in an upper direction of the flexible display device 1000 , the displayed image may be expanded. As another example, when one of the corners CA 1 to CA 4 is bent below the first reference angle θ 1 in the upper direction of the flexible display device 1000 , the displayed image may be moved in a direction correspond to a bent direction. As additional examples, other actions for controlling displayed image may be implemented.

In some embodiments, as illustrated in FIG. 20D , when the one of the corners CA 1 to CA 4 is bent at an angle greater than a second reference angle θ 2 in an lower direction of the flexible display device 1000 , the displayed image may be reduced. Other actions for controlling the displayed image may be implemented.

FIG. 21 illustrates a cross-sectional view depicting an example of a portion of the flexible display device of FIG. 13 .

Referring to FIG. 21 , the flexible display device 1020 may include a flexible display panel 200 , a cover window on a light emitting surface of the flexible display panel 200 , and a functional member.

The functional member may include a touch screen TSP and an optical member LF, which are disposed between the flexible display panel 200 and the cover window 100 . The touch screen TSP may sense an external input and is attached to the flexible display panel 200 by an adhesive member AM.

The optical member LF may be attached to the touch screen TSP by an adhesive member AM. The optical member LF may include at least a polarizing plate. In addition, the optical member LF may further include a retardation plate. The optical member LF may prevent external light from being reflected. The optical member LF may be omitted or may be included in the touch screen TSP.

The cover window 100 may include a base substrate, a first hard coating layer, and a second hard coating layer. A thickness of a folding area OF 1 of the cover window 100 may be less than a thickness of the main display area DA and a sub-display area SA 1 of the cover window 100 .

A functional coating layer FC may be disposed on the outer surface of the cover window 100 . The functional coating layer FC may include at least one of an anti-fingerprint coating layer, an anti-reflection coating layer, and an anti-glare coating layer.

The present embodiments may be applied to a flexible display device and a system including a flexible display device. For example, the present embodiments may be applied to a television, a computer monitor, a laptop, a digital camera, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a smart pad, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable multimedia player (PMP), a MP3 player, a navigation system, a game console, a video phone, etc.

By way of summation and review, a flexible display device may have a flexible display panel and a cover window. The cover window may have a higher bending stiffness than the flexible display panel and a lower flexibility than the flexible display panel. Thus, the flexible display panel may be folded relatively easily, but it may be harder to bend or fold the cover window. For example, the flexible display device may be foldable in one direction (e.g., an in-folding direction) but it may be hard to bend or fold the cover window in an opposite direction. Thus, there may be difficulties in manufacturing various shapes or forms of the flexible display device.

The bending stiffness of the cover window may be decreased when the cover window has a thinner thickness. However, a tensile modulus and hardness may be decreased when the cover window has a thin thickness.

Embodiments provide a cover window of a flexible display device having a second hard coating that has an uneven thickness to facilitate in-folding and out-folding of the flexible display device. Embodiments also provide a flexible display device having the cover window.

The cover window according to example embodiments may have a reduced thickness at the in/out-folding areas such that the curvatures of the in/out-folding areas may be minimized (or reduced) while maintaining a high hardness. Thus, the cover window may be easily folded or bent to the inside or to the outside. Accordingly, the flexible display device may be easy to fold and modify, and portability of the flexible display device may be improved. Further, shapes of the in-folding and the out-folding areas may be substantially the same such that manufacturing costs may be reduced.

In addition, the flexible display device may include the cover window having improved flexibility such that the curvatures of the in/out-folding areas may be minimized (or reduced). Accordingly, the flexible display device may be easy to fold and modify, and portability of the flexible display device may be improved. A sliding flexible display device capable of in/out-folding may be implemented

Example embodiments have been disclosed herein, and although specific terms are employed, they are used and are to be interpreted in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purpose of limitation. In some instances, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art as of the filing of the present application, features, characteristics, and/or elements described in connection with a particular embodiment may be used singly or in combination with features, characteristics, and/or elements described in connection with other embodiments unless otherwise specifically indicated. Accordingly, it will be understood by those of skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as set forth in the following claims.