The present application relates to novel substituted 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-3(2H)-ones and 2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazol-3-ones of formula (I), to processes for preparation thereof, to the use thereof, alone or in combinations, for treatment and/or prophylaxis of diseases, and to the use thereof for production of medicaments for treatment and/or prophylaxis of diseases, especially for treatment and/or prophylaxis of lung inflammation disorders. [structure]

Description

79 parts

›CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS · 1 of 15

This application is a national phase application under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of International Application No. PCT/EP2017/060900, filed May 8, 2017, which claims priority benefit of European Application No. 16168809.8, filed May 9, 2016.

The present application relates to novel substituted 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-3(2H)-ones and 2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazol-3-ones, to processes for preparation thereof, to the use thereof, alone or in combinations, for treatment and/or prophylaxis of diseases, and to the use thereof for production of medicaments for treatment and/or prophylaxis of diseases, especially for treatment and/or prophylaxis of lung inflammation disorders.

The enzyme prolyl endopeptidase (PREP, prolyl oligopetidase, PE, POP) is a serine protease which cleaves peptides up to a length of 30 amino acids beyond the amino acid proline [Moriyama et al., J. Biochem. 1988, 104:112-117]. PREP is expressed and secreted constitutively in all organs and tissue, by cells including leucocytes and epithelial cells. Release is increased on contact with irritant, inflammatory substances [Szul et al., Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 2016, 54:359-369]. While PREP in the central nervous system is involved in the degradation of peptidic neurotransmitters, PREP in the entire periphery, including in the lung, is an enzyme which cleaves degradation products of collagen inter alia in degenerative and inflammatory processes. Because of the high content of proline and glycine in the amino acid sequence of collagen, tripeptides having the sequence proline-glycine-proline (PGP) are formed therein by the degradation of the collagen fragments [Weathington et al., Nat. Med. 2006, 12:317-323]. Significantly elevated PGP concentrations have been described in sputum from patients having chronic inflammatory lung disorders, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or cystic fibrosis (mucoviscidosis, CF) [O'Reilly et al., Respir. Res. 2009, 10:38 doi:10.1186/1465-9921-10-38; Gaggar et al., J. Immunol. 2008, 180:5662-5669]. PGP, which is produced by PREP, is a chemokine for neutrophil granulocytes (neutrophils for short), meaning that PGP leads to migration of neutrophils into tissue having elevated PGP concentrations. There are pointers that the mechanism of this attraction of neutrophils is based on direct stimulation of the neutrophils via PGP-sensitive receptors on the neutrophil cell membrane (e.g. CXCR1, CXCR2) or is brought about indirectly through the release of further chemokines, for example interleukins (e.g. interleukin-8, CXCL8), by other cell types (e.g. macrophages, epithelial cells). The chemokine effect of PGP on neutrophils has been repeatedly demonstrated in vitro and in vivo [Weathington et al., Nat. Med. 2006, 12:317-323; De Kruijf et al., Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2010, 643:29-33; Overbeek et al., Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2011, 668:428-434; Braber et al., Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2011, 668:443-449]. In an animal experiment, the effect of PGP has been eliminated by the addition of a complementary tripeptide (threonine-arginine-threonine, RTR) and by the administration of a CXCR2 receptor blocker. It has been shown that repeated application of PGP to the lungs of mice can trigger lung emphysema. In addition, cigarette smoke increases the PGP concentration in the lungs of mice exposed to cigarette smoke. The simultaneous administration of PGP-neutralizing RTR can eliminate the abovementioned cigarette smoke-induced effects [Braber et al., Eur J. Pharmacol. 2011, 668:443-449; Braber et al., Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Pysiol. 2011, 300:L255-L265].

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung disease associated with chronic bronchitis, breathlessness, coughing and expectoration, and with the decline of lung tissue (emphysema). Lung function is increasingly restricted owing to the obstructive change in the bronchia and as a result of the loss of functional lung tissue as the disorder progresses. Hyperinflation of the lung is a common consequence of the hindered exhalation.

The most common cause of the occurrence of COPD is chronic inhalation of cigarette smoke. In addition, on a global scale, with regional differences, 10% to 40% of patients develop COPD which is not attributable to cigarette smoke but probably to exposure to environmental poisons, for example smoke from coal or wood fires or diesel exhaust gases [Salvi, Clin. Chest Med. 2014, 35:17-27].

At present, only treatment of the symptoms of COPD is possible. COPD patients primarily receive bronchia-widening medicaments which make it easier to breathe. The use of inflammation-inhibiting medicaments has been limited to date.

As well as the chronic symptoms described, COPD patients frequently suffer from acute onset of time-limited deteriorations in their state of health, which is impaired in any case, and these necessitate additional treatment [Ewig, Klinikarzt 2013, 42:182-187]. The treatment of these disease episodes, referred to as acute exacerbations, has today been restricted to the administration of oxygen and systemically administered corticosteroids.

In a clinical COPD study, it was shown that roflumilast (an anti-inflammatory PDE4 inhibitor) leads to a decrease in the concentration of PGP in the sputum and serum of the COPD patients treated [Wells et al., Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2015, 192:934-942].

Elevated pro-inflammatory PGP concentrations have additionally been described, inter alia, in shock lung (acute respiratory syndrome, ARDS) and in corneal injury to the eye [Hahn et al., Sci. Adv. 2015, 1: e1500175; Pfister et al., Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 1998, 39:1744-1750]. Here too, a pro-inflammatory effect of PGP is formulated, which leads firstly to elevated permeability of vessels, and secondly, as already described above, to increasing recruitment of neutrophils (neutrophilia) and hence to increased inflammation. Since the formation of PGP in inflammatory processes is directly linked to the destruction of tissue, and PGP in turn promotes the inflammation, the involvement of PGP in self-sustaining chronic inflammation processes is probable. Particular mention should be made here of COPD and acute exacerbations of COPD (AE-COPD), which are based on chronic inflammation [Russell et al., Curr Opin Pilm Med. 2016, 22:91-99; Anzueto, Eur. Respir. Rev. 2010, 19:113-118]. But there are also other chronic inflammation disorders and wound-healing disorders of the lung and other tissues and organs, for example of the skin, the eye, the blood vessels, connective tissue, the skeleton and the musculature, that could also profit from a reduction in the PGP concentration as a result of the PREP inhibition.

›CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS · 2 of 15

Potential fields of use for PREP inhibitors are acute and chronic pathological processes involving PREP or substrates and products of PREP. Since this anti-inflammatory effect of the PREP inhibitors probably does not intervene directly in the function of the immune system, and therefore possibly no immunosuppressive effect is to be expected, one advantage of PREP inhibition could be that fewer side effects could occur in this regard in treated patients than with conventional immunomodulatory principles of action. Since PGP is formed from collagen fragments by means of the PREP enzyme which is expressed constitutively, i.e. is constantly present, and PGP production is therefore not controlled or regulated by the immune system, it is to be expected that the anti-inflammatory effect will also occur in patients where efficacy with respect to corticosteroids is reduced, for instance due to resistances. Corticosteroid resistances are described, particularly in COPD patients, in stable phases outside acute exacerbations. Furthermore, an additive or synergistic efficacy of the combination with corticosteroids is also to be expected in the event that corticosteroids are fully effective, and in the event that their effect is restricted or greatly reduced. A combination with all other inflammatory mechanisms of action is likewise possible.

Since PGP, the formation of which is prevented by PREP inhibition, probably plays a leading role in the inflammation process in all disorders with inflammatory components and the involvement of collagen or fragments thereof, PREP inhibition can have positive effects on many disorders such as autoimmune disorders, chronic inflammation disorders such as rheumatoid disorders, infection events, degenerative processes (skin, organs, bones, musculature).

The problem addressed by the present invention was that of identifying and providing novel compounds of low molecular weight that act as potent inhibitors of the enzyme prolyl endopeptidase (PREP, prolyl oligopeptidase, PE, POP), and, in the event of acute or chronic, pathological or inflammatory-degenerative processes, via the reduction in PREP-dependent PGP production, particularly reduce the recruitment of neutrophil granulocytes in organs, especially in the lung.

The application WO2006052962A2 describes bicyclic triazoles for controlling disorders that occur via integrin inhibition. 1,2-Dihydro-3H-indazol-3-ones as NOX inhibitors for controlling diseases such as COPD, Alzheimer's, inflammatory or fibrotic disorders are known from WO2011062864A2.

The present invention provides compounds of the general formula (I)

in which

A is (C 1 -C 4 )-alkylene or CD 2 ,

where (C 1 -C 4 )-alkylene may be substituted by hydroxyl and (C 1 -C 4 )-alkoxy and up to pentasubstituted by fluorine, or is a group of the formula

in which

n is 0 or 1,

p is 0 or 1,

q is 1 or 2,

where

# 1 marks the bond to the nitrogen atom of the 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl ring,

* marks the bond to R 1 ,

X is —CR 6 R 7 —, # 2 —CR 6 R 7 —CR 8 R 9 —**, # 2 —CR 6 ═CR 8 —** or # 2 —CR 6 R 7 —CR 8 R 9 —CR 10 R 11 —**

where # 2 marks the bond to the carbon atom of the CR 4 R 5 — group,

where ** marks the bond to the carbon atom of the 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl ring,

where

R 6 is hydrogen, fluorine, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkoxy, trifluoromethoxy, hydroxyl, mono-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylamino or di-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylamino,

in which (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl may be substituted by (C 1 -C 4 )-alkoxy, hydroxyl, mono-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylamino or di-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylamino and up to pentasubstituted by fluorine,

R 7 is hydrogen, fluorine or (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl,

in which (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl may be up to pentasubstituted by fluorine

R 6 and R 7 together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded form a carbonyl group,

R 6 and R 7 together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded form a cyclopropyl ring, cyclobutyl ring or cyclopentyl ring,

R 6 and R 4 together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded form a cyclopropyl ring, cyclobutyl ring or cyclopentyl ring,

R 8 is hydrogen, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkoxy, fluorine, hydroxyl, mono-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylamino or di-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylamino,

in which (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl may be substituted by (C 1 -C 4 )-alkoxy, hydroxyl, mono-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylamino or di-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylamino and up to pentasubstituted by fluorine,

R 9 is hydrogen, fluorine or (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl,

in which (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl may be up to pentasubstituted by fluorine

R 8 and R 9 together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded form a cyclopropyl ring, cyclobutyl ring or cyclopentyl ring,

R 7 and R 9 together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded form a cyclopropyl ring, cyclobutyl ring or cyclopentyl ring,

R 10 is hydrogen, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkoxy, fluorine, hydroxyl, mono-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylamino or di-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylamino,

in which (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl may be substituted by (C 1 -C 4 )-alkoxy, hydroxyl, mono-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylamino or di-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylamino and up to pentasubstituted by fluorine,

R 11 is hydrogen, fluorine or (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl,

in which (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl may be up to pentasubstituted by fluorine

R 10 and R 11 together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded form a cyclopropyl ring, cyclobutyl ring or cyclopentyl ring,

R 1 is (C 3 -C 7 )-cycloalkyl, phenyl or 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl,

where (C 3 -C 7 )-cycloalkyl may be substituted by 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group of halogen, cyano, trifluoromethyl, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl and (C 1 -C 4 )-alkoxy,

in which (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl may be up to pentasubstituted by fluorine,

where phenyl is substituted by 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from the group of halogen, cyano, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )-cycloalkyl, trifluoromethyl, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkoxy, (C 3 -C 5 )-cycloalkoxy, monofluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, hydroxycarbonyl, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, mono-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylaminocarbonyl, di-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylaminocarbonyl, (C 3 -C 5 )-cycloalkylaminocarbonyl, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkylsulphanyl, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkylsulphonyl, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkylsulphonimidoyl, (C 1 -C 4 )-cycloalkylsulphonyl, aminosulphonyl, mono-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylaminosulphonyl, di-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylaminosulphonyl, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkylsulphinyl, amino, mono-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylamino or di-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylamino,

›CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS · 3 of 15

where phenyl may be fused to (C 3 -C 7 )-cycloalkyl, (C 3 -C 7 )-heterocyclyl or 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl,

in which phenyl may be substituted by methyl, ethyl, chlorine, fluorine or methoxy, in which (C 3 -C 7 )-cycloalkyl, (C 3 -C 7 )-heterocyclyl and 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl may be substituted by 1 or 2 (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl substituents,

in which phenyl may be substituted by methyl, ethyl, chlorine, fluorine or methoxy,

where 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl may be fused to (C 3 -C 7 )-cycloalkyl or (C 3 -C 7 )-heterocyclyl,

where 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl may be substituted by methyl, ethyl, chlorine, fluorine or methoxy, in which (C 3 -C 7 )-cycloalkyl and (C 3 -C 7 )-heterocyclyl may be substituted by 1 or 2 (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl substituents,

in which (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl may be substituted by (C 1 -C 4 )-alkoxy, hydroxyl, mono-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylamino or di-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylamino and up to pentasubstituted by fluorine,

R 2 is a group of the formula

where

# 3 marks the bond to the carbonyl carbon atom,

r is 0 or 1,

Z is O, NR 18 , S, SO, SO 2 or CR 14A R 14B ,

in which R 14A is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )-cycloalkyl, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, fluoromethyl, hydroxyl, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkoxy, (C 3 -C 5 )-cycloalkoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy or 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy,

in which (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl may be substituted by hydroxyl, amino, mono-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylamino or di-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylamino,

R 14B is hydrogen, fluorine or (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl,

in which (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl may be up to pentasubstituted by fluorine

or R 14A and R 14B together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded form a carbonyl group, R 18 is hydrogen or methyl,

R 12 is hydrogen, cyano, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl, acetyl or formyl,

in which (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl may be substituted by hydroxyl or up to pentasubstituted by fluorine, in which acetyl may be substituted by hydroxyl or up to trisubstituted by fluorine,

R 13 is hydrogen, fluorine or (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl,

R 12 and R 13 together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded form a cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl ring,

in which the cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl ring may be up to disubstituted by fluorine,

R 13 and R 14A together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded form a cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl ring,

in which the cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl ring may be up to disubstituted by fluorine,

R 14A and R 14B together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded form a cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl ring,

in which the cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl ring may be up to disubstituted by fluorine,

in which R 15 is hydrogen or methyl, R 16A is hydrogen or methyl, R 16B is hydrogen or methyl,

R 3 is hydrogen or (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl,

R 4 is hydrogen, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkoxy, fluorine, hydroxyl, mono-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylamino or di-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylamino,

in which (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl may be substituted by (C 1 -C 4 )-alkoxy, hydroxyl, mono-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylamino or di-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylamino and up to pentasubstituted by fluorine,

R 5 is hydrogen or (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl,

in which (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl may be up to pentasubstituted by fluorine

R 4 and R 5 together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded form a carbonyl group,

R 4 and R 5 together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded form a cyclopropyl ring, cyclobutyl ring or cyclopentyl ring,

and the salts, solvates and solvates of the salts of the compounds of the formula (I).

Compounds of the invention are the compounds of the formula (I) and the salts, solvates and solvates of the salts thereof, the compounds that are encompassed by formula (I) and are of the formulae mentioned below and the salts, solvates and solvates of the salts thereof and the compounds that are encompassed by formula (I) and are cited below as working examples and the salts, solvates and solvates of the salts thereof if the compounds that are encompassed by formula (I) and are mentioned below are not already salts, solvates and solvates of the salts.

Preferred salts in the context of the present invention are physiologically acceptable salts of the compounds of the invention. Also encompassed are salts which are not themselves suitable for pharmaceutical applications but can be used, for example, for isolation or purification of the compounds of the invention.

Physiologically acceptable salts of the compounds of the invention include acid addition salts of mineral acids, carboxylic acids and sulphonic acids, for example salts of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, methanesulphonic acid, ethanesulphonic acid, toluenesulphonic acid, benzenesulphonic acid, naphthalenedisulphonic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid and benzoic acid.

Physiologically acceptable salts of the compounds of the invention also include salts of conventional bases, by way of example and with preference alkali metal salts (e.g. sodium and potassium salts), alkaline earth metal salts (e.g. calcium and magnesium salts) and ammonium salts derived from ammonia or organic amines having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, by way of example and with preference ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, ethyldiisopropylamine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, dicyclohexylamine, dimethylaminoethanol, procaine, dibenzylamine, N-methylmorpholine, arginine, lysine, ethylenediamine and N-methylpiperidine.

Solvates in the context of the invention are described as those forms of the compounds of the invention which form a complex in the solid or liquid state by coordination with solvent molecules. Hydrates are a specific form of the solvates in which the coordination is with water. Solvates preferred in the context of the present invention are hydrates.

The compounds of the invention may, depending on their structure, exist in different stereoisomeric forms, i.e. in the form of configurational isomers or else, if appropriate, as conformational isomers (enantiomers and/or diastereomers, including those in the case of atropisomers). The present invention therefore encompasses the enantiomers and diastereomers, and the respective mixtures thereof. The stereoisomerically homogeneous constituents can be isolated in a known manner from such mixtures of enantiomers and/or diastereomers; preference is given to using chromatographic methods for this purpose, especially HPLC chromatography on an achiral or chiral phase. In the case of carboxylic acids as intermediates or end products, separation is alternatively also possible via diastereomeric salts using chiral amine bases.

›CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS · 4 of 15

If the compounds of the invention can occur in tautomeric forms, the present invention encompasses all the tautomeric forms.

The compounds of the general formula (I) may take the form of isotopic variants. The invention therefore encompasses one or more isotopic variants of the compounds of the general formula (I), especially deuterium-containing compounds of the general formula (I).

The term “isotopic variant” of a compound or reagent is defined as a compound with an unnatural proportion of one or more isotopes from which such a compound is formed.

The term “isotopic variant of the compound of the general formula (I)” is defined as a compound of the general formula (I) with an unnatural proportion of one or more isotopes from which such a compound is formed.

The expression “unnatural proportion” is understood to mean a proportion of such an isotope higher than its natural frequency. The natural frequencies of isotopes to be employed in this connection can be found in “Isotopic Compositions of the Elements 1997”, Pure Appl. Chem., 70(1), 217-235, 1998.

Examples of such isotopes are stable and radioactive isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulphur, fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, such as 2 H (deuterium), 3 H (tritium), 11 C, 13 C, 14 C, 15 N, 17 O, 18 O, 32 P, 33 P, 33 S, 34 S, 35 S, 36 S, 18 F, 36 Cl, 82 Br, 123 I, 124 I, 125 I, 129 I and 131 I.

With regard to the treatment and/or prophylaxis of the disorders specified here, the isotopic variant(s) of the compounds of the general formula (I) preferably contain deuterium (“deuterium-containing compounds of the general formula (I)”). Isotopic variants of the compounds of the general formula (I) into which one or more radioactive isotopes such as 3 H or 14 C have been incorporated are beneficial, for example, in medicament and/or substrate tissue distribution studies. Because of their easy incorporability and detectability, these isotopes are particularly preferred. It is possible to incorporate positron-emitting isotopes such as 18 F or 11 C into a compound of the general formula (I). These isotopic variants of the compounds of the general formula (I) are suitable for use in in vivo imaging applications. Deuterium-containing and 13 C-containing compounds of the general formula (I) can be used within preclinical or clinical studies in mass spectrometry analyses.

Isotopic variants of the compounds of the general formula (I) can be prepared by processes known to those skilled in the art as described in the schemes and/or examples described here, by replacing a reagent with an isotopic variant of the reagent, preferably a deuterium-containing reagent. According to the desired deuteration sites, in some cases, deuterium from D 2 O can either be incorporated directly into the compounds or into reagents which can be used for the synthesis of such compounds. Another useful reagent for incorporation of deuterium into molecules is deuterium gas. A rapid route to the incorporation of deuterium is the catalytic deuteration of olefinic bonds and acetylenic bonds. For direct exchange of hydrogen for deuterium in hydrocarbons containing functional groups, it is also possible to use metal catalysts (i.e. Pd, Pt and Rh) in the presence of deuterium gas. Various deuterated reagents and synthesis units are commercially available from companies like, for example, C/D/N Isotopes, Quebec, Canada; Cambridge Isotope Laboratories Inc., Andover, Mass., USA; and CombiPhos Catalysts, Inc., Princeton, N.J., USA.

The term “deuterium-containing compound of the general formula (I)” is defined as a compound of the general formula (I) in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by one or more deuterium atoms and in which the frequency of deuterium in every deuterated position in the compound of the general formula (I) is higher than the natural frequency of deuterium, which is about 0.015%. More particularly, in a deuterium-containing compound of the general formula (I), the frequency of deuterium in every deuterated position in the compound of the general formula (I) is higher than 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% or 80%, preferably higher than 90%, 95%, 96% or 97%, even further preferably higher than 98% or 99%, in this position or these positions. It will be apparent that the frequency of deuterium in every deuterated position is independent of the frequency of deuterium in other deuterated positions.

Through the selective incorporation of one or more deuterium atoms into a compound of the general formula (I), it is possible to alter the physicochemical properties (for example acidity [C. L. Perrin, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2007, 129, 4490], basicity [C. L. Perrin et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2005, 127, 9641], lipophilicity [B. Testa et al., Int. J. Pharm., 1984, 19(3), 271]) and/or the metabolic profile of the molecule and cause changes in the ratio of parent compound to metabolites or the amounts of metabolites formed. Such changes may lead to particular therapeutic benefits and therefore be preferable under particular circumstances. Reduced rates of metabolism and metabolic switching, where the ratio of metabolites is changed, have been reported (A. E. Mutlib et al., Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 2000, 169, 102). These changes in the exposure to parent drug and metabolites can have important consequences with respect to the pharmacodynamics, tolerability and efficacy of a deuterium-containing compound of the general formula (I). In some cases deuterium substitution reduces or eliminates the formation of an undesired or toxic metabolite and enhances the formation of a desired metabolite (e.g. Nevirapine: A. M. Sharma et al., Chem. Res. Toxicol., 2013, 26, 410; Efavirenz: A. E. Mutlib et al., Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 2000, 169, 102). In other cases the major effect of deuteration is to reduce the rate of systemic clearance. As a result, the biological half-life of the compound is increased. The potential clinical benefits would include the ability to maintain similar systemic exposure with decreased peak levels and increased trough levels. This could result in lower side effects and enhanced efficacy, depending on the particular compound's pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship. Examples of this deuterium effect are ML-337 (C. J. Wenthur et al., J. Med. Chem., 2013, 56, 5208) and odanacatib (K. Kassahun et al., WO2012/112363). Still other cases have been reported in which reduced rates of metabolism result in an increase in exposure of the drug without changing the rate of systemic clearance (e.g. Rofecoxib: F. Schneider et al., Arzneim. Forsch. Drug. Res., 2006, 56, 295; Telaprevir: F. Maltais et al., J. Med. Chem., 2009, 52, 7993). Deuterated drugs showing this effect may have reduced dosing requirements (e.g. lower number of doses or lower dosage to achieve the desired effect) and/or may produce lower metabolite loads.

›CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS · 5 of 15

A compound of general formula (I) may have multiple potential sites of attack for metabolism. To optimize the above-described effects on physicochemical properties and metabolic profile, deuterium-containing compounds of general formula (I) having a certain pattern of one or more deuterium-hydrogen exchange(s) can be selected. Particularly, the deuterium atom(s) of deuterium-containing compound(s) of general formula (I) is/are attached to a carbon atom and/or is/are located at those positions of the compound of general formula (I), which are sites of attack for metabolizing enzymes such as e.g. cytochrome P 450 .

The present invention additionally also encompasses prodrugs of the compounds of the invention. The term “prodrugs” in this context refers to compounds which may themselves be biologically active or inactive but are reacted (for example metabolically or hydrolytically) to give compounds of the invention during their residence time in the body.

In the context of the present invention, unless specified otherwise, the substituents are defined as follows:

Alkyl in the context of the invention is a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having the particular number of carbon atoms specified. Preferred examples include: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, 1-methylpropyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, 1-ethylpropyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1,4-dimethylpentyl, 4,4-dimethylpentyl and 1,4,4-trimethylpentyl.

Alkylcarbonyl in the context of the invention is a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having the particular number of carbon atoms specified and a carbonyl group attached to the carbon atom. Preferred examples include: methylcarbonyl, ethylcarbonyl, n-propylcarbonyl, isopropylcarbonyl and tert-butylcarbonyl.

Alkoxy in the context of the invention is a straight-chain or branched alkoxy radical having the particular number of carbon atoms specified. Preferred examples include: methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy and tert-butoxy.

Cycloalkoxy in the context of the invention is a monocyclic saturated alkyl radical which has the particular number of ring carbon atoms specified and is joined via an oxygen atom. Preferred examples include: cyclopropyloxy, cyclobutyloxy, cyclopentyloxy and cyclohexyloxy.

Cycloalkyl or carbocycle in the context of the invention is a monocyclic saturated alkyl radical having the particular number of ring carbon atoms specified. Preferred examples include: cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl.

Cycloalkylcarbonyl in the context of the invention is a monocyclic saturated alkyl radical having the particular number of ring carbon atoms specified and a carbonyl group attached to the carbon atom. Preferred examples include: cyclopropylcarbonyl, cyclobutylcarbonyl, cyclopentylcarbonyl, cyclohexylcarbonyl and cycloheptylcarbonyl.

Alkoxycarbonyl in the context of the invention is a straight-chain or branched alkoxy radical having the particular number of carbon atoms specified and a carbonyl group attached to the oxygen atom. Preferred examples include: methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, n-propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl and tert-butoxycarbonyl.

Heterocycle or heterocyclyl in the context of the invention is a monocyclic or bicyclic, saturated heterocycle which has the particular number of ring atoms specified, contains one or two ring heteroatoms from the group of N, O, S, SO and SO 2 and is joined via a ring carbon atom or optionally a ring nitrogen atom. Preferred examples include: azetidinyl, oxetanyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, thiolanyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, hexahydroazepinyl and hexahydro-1,4-diazepinyl. Preference is given to azetidinyl, oxetanyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, tetrahydropyranyl and morpholinyl.

Azaheterocyclyl in the context of the invention is a monocyclic or bicyclic, saturated or partly unsaturated heterocycle which has the particular number of ring atoms specified, contains a nitrogen atom and may additionally contain one or two further ring heteroatom(s) from the group of N, O, S, SO and/or SO 2 , and is joined via a ring nitrogen atom. Preferred examples include: pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, 1,1-dioxothiomorpholinyl, hexahydroazepinyl, hexahydro-1,4-diazepinyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolinyl, indolinyl, 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl, 9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanyl, 3-azabicyclo[4.1.0]heptanyl and quinuclidinyl.

Heteroaryl in the context of the invention is a monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic heterocycle (heteroaromatic) which has the particular number of ring atoms specified, contains up to four identical or different ring heteroatoms from the group of N, O and S and is joined via a ring carbon atom or optionally via a ring nitrogen atom. Preferred examples include: furyl, pyrrolyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, quinolinyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl and triazinyl.

Monoalkylaminocarbonyl in the context of the invention is an amino group which is joined via a carbonyl group and has a straight-chain or branched alkyl substituent having the particular number of carbon atoms specified. Preferred examples include: methylaminocarbonyl, ethylaminocarbonyl, n-propylaminocarbonyl, isopropylaminocarbonyl, n-butylaminocarbonyl, tert-butylaminocarbonyl, n-pentylaminocarbonyl and n-hexylaminocarbonyl.

Dialkylaminocarbonyl in the context of the invention is an amino group which is joined via a carbonyl group and has two identical or different, straight-chain or branched alkyl substituents each having the particular number of carbon atoms specified. Preferred examples include: N,N-dimethylaminocarbonyl, N,N-diethylaminocarbonyl, N-ethyl-N-methylaminocarbonyl, N-methyl-N-n-propylaminocarbonyl, N-n-butyl-N-methylaminocarbonyl, N-tert-butyl-N-methylaminocarbonyl, N-n-pentyl-N-methylaminocarbonyl and N-n-hexyl-N-methylaminocarbonyl.

›CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS · 6 of 15

Monoalkylaminosulphonyl in the context of the invention is an amino group which is joined via a sulphonyl group and has a straight-chain or branched alkyl substituent having the particular number of carbon atoms specified. Preferred examples include: methylaminosulphonyl, ethylaminosulphonyl, n-propylaminosulphonyl, isopropylaminosulphonyl, n-butylaminosulphonyl, tert-butylaminosulphonyl, n-pentylaminosulphonyl and n-hexylaminosulphonyl.

Dialkylaminocarbonyl in the context of the invention is an amino group which is joined via a sulphonyl group and has two identical or different, straight-chain or branched alkyl substituents each having the particular number of carbon atoms specified. Preferred examples include: N,N-dimethylaminosulphonyl, N,N-diethylaminosulphonyl, N-ethyl-N-methylaminosulphonyl, N-methyl-N-n-propylaminosulphonyl, N-n-butyl-N-methylaminosulphonyl, N-tert-butyl-N-methylaminosulphonyl, N-n-pentyl-N-methylaminosulphonyl and N-n-hexyl-N-methylaminosulphonyl.

Monoalkylamino in the context of the invention is an amino group having a linear or branched alkyl substituent having the particular number of carbon atoms specified. Preferred examples include: methylamino, ethylamino, n-propylamino, isopropylamino, n-butylamino, tert-butylamino, n-pentylamino and n-hexylamino.

Dialkylamino in the context of the invention is an amino group having two identical or different, straight-chain or branched alkyl substituents each having the particular number of carbon atoms specified. Preferred examples include: N,N-dimethylamino, N,N-diethylamino, N-ethyl-N-methylamino, N-methyl-N-n-propylamino, N-n-butyl-N-methylamino, N-tert-butyl-N-methylamino, N-n-pentyl-N-methylamino and N-n-hexyl-N-methylamino.

Halogen in the context of the invention includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. Preference is given to chlorine or fluorine.

An oxo group in the context of the invention is an oxygen atom attached to a carbon atom via a double bond.

In the formulae of the group that A, X and R 2 can represent, the end point of the line marked by a symbol # 1 or # 2 or # 3 or # 4 or # 5 or * or ** or *** does not represent a carbon atom or a CH 2 group, but is part of the bond to the respective atom to which A, X and R 2 are bonded.

When radicals in the compounds of the invention are substituted, the radicals may be mono- or polysubstituted, unless specified otherwise. In the context of the present invention, all radicals which occur more than once are defined independently of one another. Substitution by one or two identical or different substituents is preferred. Very particular preference is given to substitution by one substituent.

In the context of the present invention, the term “treatment” or “treating” includes inhibition, retardation, checking, alleviating, attenuating, restricting, reducing, suppressing, repelling or healing of a disease, a condition, a disorder, an injury or a health problem, or the development, the course or the progression of such states and/or the symptoms of such states. The term “therapy” is understood here to be synonymous with the term “treatment”.

The terms “prevention”, “prophylaxis” and “preclusion” are used synonymously in the context of the present invention and refer to the avoidance or reduction of the risk of contracting, experiencing, suffering from or having a disease, a condition, a disorder, an injury or a health problem, or a development or advancement of such states and/or the symptoms of such states.

The treatment or prevention of a disease, a condition, a disorder, an injury or a health problem may be partial or complete.

Preference is given in the context of the present invention to compounds of the general formula (I) in which

A is (C 1 -C 4 )-alkylene,

X is —CR 6 R 7 — or # 2 —CR 6 R 7 —CR 8 R 9 —**,

where # 2 marks the bond to the carbon atom of the CR 4 R 5 — group,

where ** marks the bond to the carbon atom of the 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl ring,

where

R 6 is hydrogen, fluorine, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, hydroxyl, mono-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylamino or di-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylamino,

in which methyl and ethyl may be up to trisubstituted by fluorine,

R 7 is hydrogen, fluorine or methyl,

in which methyl may be up to trisubstituted by fluorine,

R 6 and R 7 together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded form a carbonyl group,

R 6 and R 7 together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded form a cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl ring,

R 6 and R 4 together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded form a cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl ring,

R 8 is hydrogen, fluorine, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, hydroxyl, mono-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylamino or di-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylamino,

in which methyl and ethyl may be up to trisubstituted by fluorine,

R 9 is hydrogen, fluorine or methyl,

in which methyl may be up to trisubstituted by fluorine,

R 8 and R 9 together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded form a cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl ring,

R 1 is (C 5 -C 6 )-cycloalkyl, phenyl or 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl,

in which (C 5 -C 6 )-cycloalkyl may be substituted by 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group of fluorine, cyano, trifluoromethyl, methyl, ethyl, methoxy and ethoxy,

in which methyl and ethyl may be up to trisubstituted by fluorine,

where phenyl is substituted by 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from the group of halogen, cyano, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )-cycloalkyl, trifluoromethyl, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkoxy, (C 3 -C 5 )-cycloalkoxy, monofluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, hydroxycarbonyl, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, mono-(C 1- C 4 )-alkylaminocarbonyl, di-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylaminocarbonyl, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkylsulphanyl, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkylsulphonyl, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkylsulphonimidoyl, aminosulphonyl, mono-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylaminosulphonyl, di-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylaminosulphonyl, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkylsulphinyl, amino, mono-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylamino or di-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylamino,

where phenyl may be fused to cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl or 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl,

›CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS · 7 of 15

in which phenyl may be substituted by methyl, ethyl, chlorine, fluorine or methoxy, in which cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl and 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl may be substituted by 1 or 2 methyl or ethyl substituents,

where 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl may be substituted by methyl, ethyl, chlorine, fluorine or methoxy, in which cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl may be substituted by 1 or 2 (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl substituents,

in which (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl may be substituted by (C 1 -C 4 )-alkoxy, hydroxyl, mono-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylamino or di-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylamino and up to pentasubstituted by fluorine,

R 2 is a group of the formula

where

# 3 marks the bond to the carbonyl carbon atom,

r is 0 or 1,

Z is S, SO, SO 2 or CR 14A R 14B ,

in which R 14A is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl, cyclopropyl, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, fluoromethyl, hydroxyl, methoxy, ethoxy, cyclopropoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, hydroxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl or amino,

in which (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl may be substituted by hydroxyl, amino, mono-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylamino or di-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylamino,

R 14B is hydrogen, fluorine, methyl or trifluoromethyl, or R 14A and R 14B together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded form a carbonyl group,

R 12 is hydrogen, cyano, methyl, ethyl, acetyl or formyl,

in which methyl may be substituted by hydroxyl or up to pentasubstituted by fluorine, in which acetyl is substituted by hydroxyl or up to trisubstituted by fluorine,

R 13 is hydrogen, fluorine or methyl,

R 12 and R 13 together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded form a cyclopropyl ring,

in which the cyclopropyl ring may be up to disubstituted by fluorine,

R 13 and R 14A together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded form a cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl ring,

in which the cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl ring may be up to disubstituted by fluorine,

R 14A and R 14B together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded form a cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl ring,

in which the cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl ring may be up to disubstituted by fluorine,

in which R 15 is hydrogen or methyl, R 16A is hydrogen or methyl, R 16B is hydrogen or methyl,

R 3 is hydrogen or methyl,

R 4 is hydrogen, fluorine, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, hydroxyl, mono-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylamino or di-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylamino,

in which methyl and ethyl may be up to trisubstituted by fluorine,

R 5 is hydrogen, fluorine or methyl,

in which methyl may be up to trisubstituted by fluorine,

R 4 and R 5 together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded form a cyclopropyl ring, and the salts, solvates and solvates of the salts of the compounds of the formula (I).

Particular preference in the context of the present invention is given to compounds of the general formula (I) in which

A is —CH 2 —, —CH(CH 3 )—, —CH 2 CH 2 —, # 5 —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )—***, # 5 —CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 —***, # 5 —CH 2 CHF—*** or # 5 —CH 2 CF 2 —***,

where # 5 marks the bond to the nitrogen atom of the 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl ring,

where *** marks the bond to the R 1 group,

X is —# 2 —CR 6 R 7 —CR 8 R 9 —**,

where # 2 marks the bond to the carbon atom of the CR 4 R 5 — group,

where ** marks the bond to the carbon atom of the 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl ring,

where

R 6 is hydrogen, fluorine, methyl, trifluoromethyl or hydroxyl,

R 7 is hydrogen, fluorine or methyl,

R 6 and R 7 together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded form a cyclopropyl ring,

R 1 is phenyl or 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl,

where phenyl is substituted by 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group of fluorine, chlorine, cyano, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, hydroxycarbonyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, methylaminocarbonyl, dimethylaminocarbonyl, methylsulphanyl, methylsulphonyl, methylsulphonimidoyl, aminosulphonyl or methylsulphinyl,

where phenyl may be fused to cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl or 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl,

in which cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, (C 5 -C 6 )-heterocyclyl and 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl may be substituted by 1 or 2 methyl or ethyl substituents,

where 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl may be substituted by 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group of fluorine, chlorine, cyano, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, methylaminocarbonyl, tert-butylaminocarbonyl, dimethylaminocarbonyl,

where 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl may be fused to cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, phenyl or 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl,

where 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl may be substituted by methyl, ethyl, chlorine, fluorine or methoxy, in which cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, phenyl and 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl may be substituted by 1 or 2 (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl substituents,

R 2 is a group of the formula

where

# 3 marks the bond to the carbonyl carbon atom,

r is 0 or 1,

Z is S or CR 14A R 14B when r is 0,

Z is S, SO, SO 2 or CR 14A R 14B when r is 1,

in each of which R 14A is hydrogen, fluorine, methyl, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, fluoromethyl, hydroxyl, methoxy, difluoromethoxy or trifluoromethoxy, R 14B is hydrogen or fluorine, or R 14A and R 14B together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded form a carbonyl group,

R 12 is hydrogen, cyano, methyl, acetyl or formyl,

in which acetyl is substituted by hydroxyl or up to trisubstituted by fluorine,

R 13 is hydrogen, fluorine or methyl,

R 12 and R 13 together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded form a cyclopropyl ring,

R 13 and R 14A together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded form a cyclopropyl ring,

in which the cyclopropyl ring may be up to disubstituted by fluorine,

R 14A and R 14B together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded form a cyclopropyl ring,

in which the cyclopropyl ring may be up to disubstituted by fluorine,

›CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS · 8 of 15

where R 13 , R 14A and R 14B are hydrogen when R 12 is not hydrogen,

where R 12 is hydrogen when one of the R 13 , R 14A and R 14B substituents is not hydrogen,

R 3 is hydrogen,

R 4 is hydrogen, fluorine or methyl,

R 5 is hydrogen,

and the salts, solvates and solvates of the salts of the compounds of the formula (I).

Particular preference in the context of the present invention is given to compounds of the general formula (I) in which

A is —CH 2 —, —CH(CH 3 )—, —CH 2 CH 2 —, # 5 —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )—***, # 5 —CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 —***, # 5 —CH 2 CHF—*** or # 5 —CH 2 CF 2 —***,

where # 5 marks the bond to the nitrogen atom of the 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl ring,

where *** marks the bond to the R 1 group,

X is —# 2 —CR 6 R 7 —CR 8 R 9 —**,

where # 2 marks the bond to the carbon atom of the CR 4 R 5 — group,

where ** marks the bond to the carbon atom of the 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl ring,

where

R 6 is hydrogen, fluorine, methyl, trifluoromethyl or hydroxyl,

R 7 is hydrogen, fluorine or methyl,

R 6 and R 7 together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded form a cyclopropyl ring,

R 8 is hydrogen, fluorine, methyl or trifluoromethyl,

R 9 is hydrogen, fluorine or methyl,

R 1 is phenyl or 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl,

where phenyl may be fused to cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl or 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl,

in which cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl and 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl may be substituted by 1 or 2 methyl or ethyl substituents,

where 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl may be fused to cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, phenyl or 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl,

R 2 is a group of the formula

where

# 3 marks the bond to the carbonyl carbon atom,

r is 0 or 1,

Z is S or CR 14A R 14B when r is 0,

Z is S, SO, SO 2 or CR 14A R 14B when r is 1,

R 12 is hydrogen, cyano, methyl, acetyl or formyl,

in which acetyl is substituted by hydroxyl or up to trisubstituted by fluorine,

R 13 is hydrogen, fluorine or methyl,

R 12 and R 13 together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded form a cyclopropyl ring,

R 13 and R 14A together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded form a cyclopropyl ring,

in which the cyclopropyl ring may be up to disubstituted by fluorine,

R 14A and R 14B together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded form a cyclopropyl ring,

in which the cyclopropyl ring may be up to disubstituted by fluorine,

where R 13 , R 14A and R 14B are hydrogen when R 12 is not hydrogen,

where R 12 is hydrogen when one of the R 13 , R 14A and R 14B substituents is not hydrogen,

R 3 is hydrogen,

R 4 is hydrogen, fluorine or methyl,

R 5 is hydrogen,

and the salts, solvates and solvates of the salts of the compounds of the formula (I).

Particular preference in the context of the present invention is given to compounds of the general formula (I) in which

A is —CH 2 —, —CH(CH 3 )—, —CH 2 CH 2 —, # 5 —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )—***, # 5 —CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 —***, # 5 —CH 2 CHF—*** or # 5 —CH 2 CF 2 —***,

where # 5 marks the bond to the nitrogen atom of the 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl ring,

where *** marks the bond to the R 1 group,

X is —# 2 —CR 6 R 7 —CR 8 R 9 —**,

where # 2 marks the bond to the carbon atom of the CR 4 R 5 — group,

where ** marks the bond to the carbon atom of the 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl ring,

where

R 6 is hydrogen, fluorine, methyl, trifluoromethyl or hydroxyl,

R 7 is hydrogen, fluorine or methyl,

R 6 and R 7 together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded form a cyclopropyl ring,

R 8 is hydrogen, fluorine, methyl or trifluoromethyl,

R 9 is hydrogen, fluorine or methyl,

R 1 is phenyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, thiophenyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl or pyridyl,

where phenyl may be fused to cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, pyrazolyl or pyridyl,

in which cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, pyrazolyl or pyridyl may be substituted by 1 or 2 methyl or ethyl substituents,

where pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, thiophenyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl or pyridyl may be substituted by 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group of fluorine, chlorine, cyano, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, methylaminocarbonyl, tert-butylaminocarbonyl, dimethylaminocarbonyl,

where pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, thiophenyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl or pyridyl may be fused to cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl or pyridyl,

›CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS · 9 of 15

in which pyridyl may be substituted by methyl, ethyl, chlorine, fluorine or methoxy, in which cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl and pyridyl may be substituted by 1 or 2 (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl substituents,

R 2 is a group of the formula

where

# 3 marks the bond to the carbonyl carbon atom,

r is 0 or 1,

Z is S or CR 14A R 14B when r is 0,

Z is S, SO, SO 2 or CR 14A R 14B when r is 1,

R 12 is hydrogen, cyano, methyl, acetyl or formyl,

in which acetyl is substituted by hydroxyl or up to trisubstituted by fluorine,

R 13 is hydrogen, fluorine or methyl,

R 12 and R 13 together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded form a cyclopropyl ring,

R 13 and R 14A together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded form a cyclopropyl ring,

in which the cyclopropyl ring may be up to disubstituted by fluorine,

R 14A and R 14B together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded form a cyclopropyl ring,

in which the cyclopropyl ring may be up to disubstituted by fluorine,

where R 13 , R 14A and R 14B are hydrogen when R 12 is not hydrogen,

where R 12 is hydrogen when one of the R 13 , R 14A and R 14B substituents is not hydrogen,

R 3 is hydrogen,

R 4 is hydrogen, fluorine or methyl,

R 5 is hydrogen,

and the salts, solvates and solvates of the salts of the compounds of the formula (I).

In the context of the present invention, preference is also given to compounds of the formula (I) in which

A is —CH 2 —, —CH(CH 3 )—, —CH 2 CH 2 —, # 5 —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )—***, # 5 —CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 —***, # 5 —CH 2 CHF—*** or # 5 —CH 2 CF 2 —***

where # 5 marks the bond to the nitrogen atom of the 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl ring,

where *** marks the bond to the R 1 group,

and the solvates, salts and solvates of the salts thereof.

Particular preference is given in the context of the present invention also to compounds of the formula (I) in which

A is —CH 2 —, —CH(CH 3 )— or —CH 2 CH 2 —,

and the solvates, salts and solvates of the salts thereof.

Particular preference is given in the context of the present invention also to compounds of the formula (I) in which

A is —CH 2 —,

and the solvates, salts and solvates of the salts thereof.

In the context of the present invention, preference is also given to compounds of the formula (I) in which

X is —# 2 —CR 6 R 7 —CR 8 R 9 —**,

where # 2 marks the bond to the carbon atom of the CR 4 R 5 — group,

where ** marks the bond to the carbon atom of the 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl ring,

where

R 6 is hydrogen, fluorine, methyl, trifluoromethyl or hydroxyl,

R 7 is hydrogen, fluorine or methyl,

R 6 and R 7 together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded form a cyclopropyl ring,

and the solvates, salts and solvates of the salts thereof.

In the context of the present invention, preference is also given to compounds of the formula (I) in which

X is -# 2 —CR 6 R 7 —CR 8 R 9 —**,

where # 2 marks the bond to the carbon atom of the CR 4 R 5 — group,

where ** marks the bond to the carbon atom of the 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl ring,

where

R 6 is hydrogen, fluorine, methyl, trifluoromethyl or hydroxyl,

R 7 is hydrogen, fluorine or methyl,

R 6 and R 7 together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded form a cyclopropyl ring,

R 8 is hydrogen, fluorine, methyl or trifluoromethyl,

R 9 is hydrogen, fluorine or methyl,

and the solvates, salts and solvates of the salts thereof.

Particular preference is given in the context of the present invention also to compounds of the formula (I) in which

X is -# 2 —CR 6 R 7 —CR 8 R 9 —**,

where # 2 marks the bond to the carbon atom of the CR 4 R 5 — group,

where ** marks the bond to the carbon atom of the 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl ring,

where

R 6 is hydrogen, fluorine, methyl or trifluoromethyl,

R 7 is hydrogen,

and the solvates, salts and solvates of the salts thereof.

Particular preference is given in the context of the present invention also to compounds of the formula (I) in which

X is -# 2 —CR 6 R 7 —CR 8 R 9 —**,

where # 2 marks the bond to the carbon atom of the CR 4 R 5 — group,

where ** marks the bond to the carbon atom of the 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl ring,

where

R 6 is trifluoromethyl,

R 7 is hydrogen,

R 8 is hydrogen,

R 9 is hydrogen,

and the solvates, salts and solvates of the salts thereof.

In the context of the present invention, preference is also given to compounds of the formula (I) in which

X is -# 2 —CR 6 R 7 —CR 8 R 9 —**,

where # 2 marks the bond to the carbon atom of the CR 4 R 5 — group,

where ** marks the bond to the carbon atom of the 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl ring,

where

R 6 is hydrogen,

R 7 is hydrogen,

R 8 is hydrogen, fluorine, methyl or trifluoromethyl,

R 9 is hydrogen, fluorine or methyl,

and the solvates, salts and solvates of the salts thereof.

Particular preference is given in the context of the present invention also to compounds of the formula (I) in which

X is -# 2 —CR 6 R 7 —CR 8 R 9 —**,

where # 2 marks the bond to the carbon atom of the CR 4 R 5 — group,

where ** marks the bond to the carbon atom of the 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl ring,

where

R 6 is hydrogen,

R 7 is hydrogen,

R 8 is fluorine,

R 9 is fluorine,

and the solvates, salts and solvates of the salts thereof.

Particular preference is given in the context of the present invention also to compounds of the formula (I) in which

X is -# 2 —CR 6 R 7 —CR 9 R 9 —**,

where # 2 marks the bond to the carbon atom of the CR 4 R 5 — group,

where ** marks the bond to the carbon atom of the 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl ring,

where

R 6 is hydrogen,

R 7 is hydrogen,

R 8 is hydrogen,

R 9 is hydrogen,

and the solvates, salts and solvates of the salts thereof.

In the context of the present invention, preference is also given to compounds of the formula (I) in which

R 1 is phenyl or 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl,

›CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS · 10 of 15

where phenyl may be fused to cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl or 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl,

in which cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, (C 5 -C 6 )-heterocyclyl and 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl may be substituted by 1 or 2 methyl or ethyl substituents,

where 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl may be fused to cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, phenyl or 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl,

and the solvates, salts and solvates of the salts thereof.

In the context of the present invention, preference is also given to compounds of the formula (I) in which

R 1 is 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl,

where 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl may be fused to cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 5- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, phenyl or 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl,

and the solvates, salts and solvates of the salts thereof.

In the context of the present invention, preference is also given to compounds of the formula (I) in which

R 1 is phenyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, thiophenyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl or pyridyl,

where phenyl may be fused to cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, pyrazolyl or pyridyl,

in which cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, pyrazolyl or pyridyl may be substituted by 1 or 2 methyl or ethyl substituents,

where pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, thiophenyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl or pyridyl may be fused to cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl or pyridyl,

in which pyridyl may be substituted by methyl, ethyl, chlorine, fluorine or methoxy, in which cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl and pyridyl may be substituted by 1 or 2 (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl substituents,

and the solvates, salts and solvates of the salts thereof.

In the context of the present invention, preference is also given to compounds of the formula (I) in which

R 1 is phenyl,

where phenyl may be fused to cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, pyrazolyl or pyridyl,

in which cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, pyrazolyl or pyridyl may be substituted by 1 or 2 methyl or ethyl substituents,

and the solvates, salts and solvates of the salts thereof.

Particular preference is given in the context of the present invention also to compounds of the formula (I) in which

R 1 is pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, thiophenyl, oxazolyl or oxadiazolyl,

where phenyl may be fused to cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, pyrazolyl or pyridyl,

in which cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, pyrazolyl or pyridyl may be substituted by 1 or 2 methyl or ethyl substituents,

where pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, thiophenyl, oxazolyl or oxadiazolyl may be substituted by 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group of fluorine, chlorine, cyano, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, methylaminocarbonyl, tert-butylaminocarbonyl, dimethylaminocarbonyl,

where pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, thiophenyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl or pyridyl may be fused to cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl or pyridyl,

in which pyridyl may be substituted by methyl, ethyl, chlorine, fluorine or methoxy, in which cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl and pyridyl may be substituted by 1 or 2 (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl substituents,

and the solvates, salts and solvates of the salts thereof.

Particular preference is given in the context of the present invention also to compounds of the formula (I) in which

R 1 is pyridyl,

where pyridyl may be substituted by 1 or 2 substituents independently of one another selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, trifluoromethyl and methoxy,

›CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS · 11 of 15

and the solvates, salts and solvates of the salts thereof.

In the context of the present invention, preference is also given to compounds of the formula (I) in which

R 2 is a group of the formula

where

# 3 marks the bond to the carbonyl carbon atom,

r is 0 or 1,

Z is S or CR 14A R 14B when r is 0,

Z is S, SO, SO 2 or CR 14A R 14B when r is 1,

R 12 is hydrogen, cyano, methyl, acetyl or formyl,

in which acetyl is substituted by hydroxyl or up to trisubstituted by fluorine,

R 13 is hydrogen, fluorine or methyl,

R 12 and R 13 together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded form a cyclopropyl ring,

R 13 and R 14A together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded form a cyclopropyl ring,

in which the cyclopropyl ring may be up to disubstituted by fluorine,

R 14A and R 14B together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded form a cyclopropyl ring,

in which the cyclopropyl ring may be up to disubstituted by fluorine,

where R 13 , R 14A and R 14B are hydrogen when R 12 is not hydrogen,

where R 12 is hydrogen when one of the R 13 , R 14A and R 14B substituents is not hydrogen,

and the solvates, salts and solvates of the salts thereof.

In the context of the present invention, preference is also given to compounds of the formula (I) in which

R 3 is hydrogen,

and the solvates, salts and solvates of the salts thereof.

In the context of the present invention, preference is also given to compounds of the formula (I) in which

R 4 is hydrogen, fluorine or methyl,

and the solvates, salts and solvates of the salts thereof.

In the context of the present invention, preference is also given to compounds of the formula (I) in which

R 5 is hydrogen,

and the solvates, salts and solvates of the salts thereof.

The invention further provides a process for preparing the inventive compounds of the formula (I), characterized in that

[A] a compound of the formula (II)

where # 5 marks the bond to the nitrogen atom of the 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl ring, where *** marks the bond to the R 1 group,

[B] a compound of the formula (II)

where # 5 marks the bond to the nitrogen atom of the 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl ring, where *** marks the bond to the R 1 group,

R 1 has the definitions given above,

and

X 1 is a suitable leaving group, especially chlorine, bromine, iodine, mesylate {(methylsulphonyl)oxy}, triflate {[(trifluoromethyl)sulphonyl]oxy}, nonaflate {[(nonafluorobutyl)sulphonyl]oxy}, nosylate {[(4-nitrophenyl)sulphonyl]oxy} or tosylate {[(4-methylphenyl)sulphonyl]oxy},

and then any protecting groups present are detached by methods known to those skilled in the art, and the resulting compounds of the formula (I) are optionally converted with the appropriate (i) solvents and/or (ii) acids or bases to the solvates, salts and/or solvates of the salts thereof,

[C] a compound of the formula (VII)

where # 5 marks the bond to the nitrogen atom of the 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl ring, where *** marks the bond to the R 1 group,

R 1 has the definitions given above,

and

The compounds of the formulae (III), (VI-A) and (VI-B) are commercially available or known from the literature, or can be prepared in analogy to processes known from the literature.

Inert solvents for the process step (II)+(III)→(IV) or (X)+(III)→(I) are, for example, halohydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, trichloroethylene or chlorobenzene, ethers such as diethyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, glycol dimethyl ether or diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, hexane, cyclohexane or mineral oil fractions, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, or other solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulphoxide, N,N′-dimethylpropyleneurea (DMPU), N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) or pyridine. It is equally possible to use mixtures of the solvents mentioned. Preference is given to using dimethylformamide or acetonitrile.

Suitable bases for the process step (II)+(III)→(IV) or (X)+(III)→(I) are the customary inorganic or organic bases. These preferably include lithium, sodium, potassium, alkali metal hydroxides, for example lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, alkoxides such as potassium tert-butoxide, methoxide, ethoxide, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonates such as lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, calcium carbonate or caesium carbonate, optionally with addition of an alkali metal iodide, for example sodium iodide or potassium iodide, or organic amines such as triethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N-methylpiperidine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN), 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) or 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO®). Preference is given to using caesium carbonate.

The reaction is generally conducted within a temperature range from 0° C. to +120° C., preferably at +20° C. to +80° C., most preferably at room temperature, optionally in a microwave. The reaction can be conducted at standard, elevated or reduced pressure (for example from 0.5 to 5 bar).

›CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS · 12 of 15

The hydrolysis of the esters in the compounds (IV) to compounds of the formula (V) or in the compounds (VII) to compounds of the formula (VIII) is effected by customary methods, by treating the esters in inert solvents with acids or bases, in which latter case the salts formed at first are converted to the free carboxylic acids by treating with acid. In the case of the tert-butyl esters, the ester hydrolysis is preferably effected with acids.

Suitable inert solvents for these reactions are water or the organic solvents customary for ester cleavage. These preferably include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol or tert-butanol, or ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane or glycol dimethyl ether, or other solvents such as acetone, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulphoxide. It is equally possible to use mixtures of the solvents mentioned. In the case of a basic ester hydrolysis, preference is given to using mixtures of water with dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, methanol and/or ethanol and/or n-propanol. In the case of the reaction with trifluoroacetic acid, preference is given to using dichloromethane, and in the case of the reaction with hydrogen chloride preference is given to using tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, dioxane or water.

Suitable bases are the customary inorganic bases. These preferably include alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, for example sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or barium hydroxide, or alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonates, such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or calcium carbonate. Particular preference is given to sodium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide.

Suitable acids for the ester hydrolysis are generally sulphuric acid, hydrogen chloride/hydrochloric acid, hydrogen bromide/hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, toluenesulphonic acid, methanesulphonic acid or trifluoromethanesulphonic acid or mixtures thereof, optionally with addition of water. Preference is given to hydrogen chloride or trifluoroacetic acid in the case of the tert-butyl esters and to hydrochloric acid in the case of the methyl esters.

The ester hydrolysis is generally effected within a temperature range from 0° C. to +100° C., preferably at +0° C. to +50° C., more preferably at room temperature.

These conversions can be performed at atmospheric, elevated or reduced pressure (for example from 0.5 to 5 bar). In general, standard pressure is employed in each case.

Inert solvents for the amide coupling (V)+(VI-A)→(I) or (V)+(VI-B)→(I) or (VIII)+(VI-A)→(IX-A) or (VIII)+(VI-B)→(IX-B) are, for example, ethers such as diethyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, glycol dimethyl ether or diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, hexane, cyclohexane or mineral oil fractions, halohydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, trichloroethylene or chlorobenzene, or other solvents such as acetone, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, pyridine, dimethyl sulphoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N′-dimethylpropyleneurea (DMPU) or N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP). It is likewise possible to use mixtures of the solvents mentioned. Preference is given to dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide or mixtures of these solvents.

Suitable condensing agents for the amide formation v or (VIII)+(VI-A)→(IX-A) or (VIII)+(VI-B)→(IX-B) are, for example, carbodiimides such as N,N′-diethyl-, N,N′-dipropyl-, N,N′-diisopropyl-, N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) or N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′ ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), phosgene derivatives such as N,N′carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), 1,2-oxazolium compounds such as 2-ethyl-5-phenyl-1,2-oxazolium 3-sulphate or 2-tert-butyl-5-methylisoxazolium perchlorate, acylamino compounds such as 2-ethoxy-1-ethoxycarbonyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline or isobutyl chloroformate, propanephosphonic anhydride (T3P), 1-chloro-N,N,2-trimethylprop-1-ene-1-amine, diethyl cyanophosphonate, bis(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)phosphoryl chloride, benzotriazol-1-yloxytris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate, benzotriazol-1-yloxytris(pyrrolidino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBOP), O-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate (TBTU), O-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU), 2-(2-oxo-1-(2H)-pyridyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate (TPTU), O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU) or O-(1H-6-chlorobenzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate (TCTU), optionally in combination with further auxiliaries such as 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) or N-hydroxysuccinimide (HOSu), and also as bases alkali metal carbonates, for example sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate or sodium hydrogencarbonate or potassium hydrogencarbonate, or organic bases such as trialkylamines, for example triethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N-methylpiperidine or N,N-diisopropylethylamine. Preference is given to using HATU.

The condensation (V)+(VI-A)→(I) or (V)+(VI-B)→(I) or (VIII)+(VI-A)→(IX-A) or (VIII)+(VI-B)→(IX-B) is generally conducted within a temperature range from −20° C. to +100° C., preferably at 0° C. to +60° C. The conversion can be effected at standard, elevated or reduced pressure (for example from 0.5 to 5 bar). In general, standard pressure is employed.

Alternatively, the carboxylic acid of the formula (V) or (VIII) can also first be converted to the corresponding carbonyl chloride and the latter can then be reacted directly or in a separate reaction with an amine of the formula (VI) to the compounds of the invention. The formation of carbonyl chlorides from carboxylic acids is effected by the methods known to those skilled in the art, for example by treatment with thionyl chloride or oxalyl chloride, in the presence of a suitable base, for example in the presence of pyridine, and optionally with addition of dimethylformamide, optionally in a suitable inert solvent.

›CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS · 13 of 15

The detachment of the protecting group in the reaction step (IX)-(X) is effected here by standard methods known from protecting group chemistry, preferably by reaction with acid, for example trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane, by base, for example ammonia in methanol, hydrogenolysis in the presence of a palladium catalyst, for example palladium on activated charcoal, in an inert solvent, for example ethanol or ethyl acetate, 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) or ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate (CAN) [see also, for example, T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis , Wiley, New York, 1999].

Inert solvents for the reaction (II)+(VI-A)→(XXIII-A) or (II)+(VI-B)→(XXIII-B) are, for example, pyrrolidine, toluene, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran or dichloromethane. Preference is given to using pyrrolidine.

Reaction (II)+(VI-A)→(XXIII-A) or (II)+(VI-B)→(XXIII-B) is generally conducted within a temperature range from 20° C. to +200° C., preferably at 80° C. to +200° C. The conversion can be effected at standard or elevated pressure (for example from 1 to 5 bar). In general, standard pressure is employed.

The compounds of the formula (II) in which X is # 2 —CR 6 R 7 —CR 8 R 9 —** and R 3 , R 7 and R 9 are hydrogen can be prepared by reacting a compound of the formula (XI)

in which

T 1 is (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl or benzyl,

X 2 is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine,

and R 4 , R 6 and R 8 each have the definitions given above,

in an inert solvent in the presence of a suitable base and optionally of a palladium catalyst with a compound of the formula XII

in which

T 3 is benzyl or tert-butyl,

to give a compound of the formula (XIII)

in which

R 4 , R 6 , R 8 , T 1 and T 3 each have the definitions given above,

the protecting group T 3 is detached in a suitable inert solvent by hydrogenolysis in the presence of a palladium catalyst and the resulting compound of the formula (XIV)

in which

R 4 , R 6 , R 8 and T 1 each have the definitions given above,

is cyclized in a suitable solvent with a phosgene derivative of the formula (XV)

in which R 4 , R 6 , R 8 and T 1 each have the definitions given above,

and then hydrogenated in a suitable solvent in the presence of a palladium catalyst in a hydrogen atmosphere,

and the resulting compounds of the formulae (II) are optionally converted with the appropriate (i) solvents and/or (ii) acids or bases to the solvates, salts and/or solvates of the salts thereof.

The compounds of the formula (II) or (IV) in which X is # 2 —CR 6 R 7 —CR 8 R 9 —** can be prepared by reacting a compound of the formula (XVI)

in which T 1 is (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl or benzyl,

and R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 each have the definitions given above,

in a suitable solvent in the presence of trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate with a compound of the formula (XVII-A) or (XVII-B)

in which

T 2 is 4-methoxybenzyl,

T 4 is methyl or ethyl,

and A 1 and R 1 each have the definitions given above,

to give a compound of the formula (XVIII-A) or (XVIII-B)

in which

A 1 , R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , T 1 , T 2 and T 4 each have the definitions given above,

the latter are cyclized in a suitable solvent to give a compound of the formula (XIX-A) or (XIX-B)

in which A 1 , R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , T 1 and T 2 each have the definitions given above,

and, for the compounds of the formula (XIX-A), the T 2 protecting group is then removed in an inert solvent in the presence of a suitable acid,

and the resulting compounds of the formulae (II) are optionally converted with the appropriate (i) solvents and/or (ii) acids or bases to the solvates, salts and/or solvates of the salts thereof.

The compounds of the formula (XIX-B) correspond to the compounds of the formula (IV) when, in formula (IV), X is # 2 —CR 6 R 7 —CR 8 R 9 —**.

The compounds of the formula (VII) correspond to the compounds of the formula (XIX) when, in formula (VII), X is # 2 —CR 6 R 7 —CR 8 R 9 —**.

The compounds of the formula (II) in which X is —CR 6 R 7 — can be prepared by reacting a compound of the formula (XX)

in which T 1 is (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl or benzyl,

and R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 each have the definitions given above,

in a suitable solvent, first in the presence of trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate and then with a compound of the formula (XXI)

in which

T 4 is methyl, ethyl, tert-butyl or benzyl,

to give a compound of the formula (XXII)

in which R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and T 1 each have the definitions given above.

The compounds of the formulae (XI), (XII), (XVII-A), (XVII-B), (XX) and (XXI) are commercially available or known from the literature, or can be prepared in analogy to literature processes.

The processes described are illustrated by way of example by the schemes below (Schemes 1-3):

The process step (XI)+(XII)→(XIII) is effected in a solvent which is inert under the reaction conditions. Suitable solvents are, for example, ethers such as 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, di-n-butyl ether, glycol dimethyl ether or diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, alcohols such as tert-butanol or amyl alcohols or other solvents such as dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), dimethylacetamide (DMA), toluene or acetonitrile. It is equally possible to use mixtures of the solvents mentioned. Preference is given to tert-butanol, 1,4-dioxane and toluene.

The process step (XI)+(XII)→(XIII) is effected in the presence of a suitable palladium catalyst. An example of a suitable palladium catalyst is palladium on activated charcoal, palladium(II) acetate, bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium(0), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) chloride, bis(acetonitrile)palladium(II) chloride, [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II) and the corresponding dichloromethane complex, optionally in conjunction with additional phosphine ligands, for example 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl (BINAP), (2-biphenyl)di-tert-butylphosphine, dicyclohexyl[2′,4′,6′-tris(1-methylethyl)biphenyl-2-yl]phosphine (XPhos), bis(2-phenylphosphinophenyl) ether (DPEphos) or 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene (Xantphos) [cf., for example, Hassan J. et al., Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 1359-1469], 2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)-3,6-dimethoxy-2′,4′,6′-triisopropyl-1,1′-biphenyl (BrettPhos), 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,6′-dimethoxybiphenyl (SPhos), 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,6′-diisopropoxybiphenyl (RuPhos), 2-(di-t-butylphosphino)-3-methoxy-6-methyl-2′,4′,6′-tri-i-propyl-1,1′-biphenyl (RockPhos) and 2-di-tert-butylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl (tert-ButylXPhos). In addition, it is possible to use corresponding precatalysts such as chloro-[2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)-3,6-dimethoxy-2′,4′,6′-triisopropyl-1,1′-biphenyl][2-(2-aminoethyl)-phenyl]palladium(II) (BrettPhos precatalyst) [cf., for example, S. L. Buchwald et al., Chem. Sci. 2013, 4, 916], optionally in conjunction with additional phosphine ligands such as 2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)-3,6-dimethoxy-2′,4′,6′-triisopropyl-1,1′-biphenyl (BrettPhos). Preference is given to bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium(0) in combination with 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene (Xantphos) and to chloro-[2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)-3,6-dimethoxy-2′,4′,6′-triisopropyl-1,1′-biphenyl][2-(2-aminoethyl)phenyl]palladium(II) (BrettPhos precatalyst).

›CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS · 14 of 15

The conversion (XI)+(XII)→(XIII) is effected in the presence of a suitable base. Suitable bases for this conversion are the customary inorganic or organic bases. These preferably include alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonates such as lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, calcium carbonate or caesium carbonate, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or barium hydroxide, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal phosphates such as potassium phosphate, alkali metal alkoxides such as sodium tert-butoxide or potassium tert-butoxide and sodium methoxide, alkali metal phenoxides such as sodium phenoxide, amides such as sodium amide, lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide, sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide or potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide or lithium diisopropylamide or organic amines such as 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN), 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU). Preference is given to using caesium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium tert-butoxide or potassium tert-butoxide or lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide.

The process step (XI)+(XII)→(XIII) is generally conducted within a temperature range from 0° C. to +200° C., preferably at +10° C. to +150° C. The conversions can also be effected in closed vessels (microwave tubes) in the microwave. The conversion can be effected at standard, elevated or reduced pressure (for example from 0.5 to 5 bar). Operations generally take place at standard pressure or in closed vessels (microwave tubes) below or above the boiling point of the solvent used. Preference is given to reactions in closed vessels (microwave tubes), at temperatures above the boiling point of the solvent and under elevated pressure, with or without use of a microwave.

The detachment of the protecting group in the reaction step (XIII)-(XIV) is effected here by customary methods known from protecting group chemistry, preferably by reaction with acid, for example trifluoroacetic acid, hydrogenolysis in the presence of a palladium catalyst, for example palladium on activated charcoal, in an inert solvent, for example ethanol or ethyl acetate [see also, for example, T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis , Wiley, New York, 1999].

Inert solvents for the process step (XIV)→(XV) are, for example, ethers such as diethyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, glycol dimethyl ether or diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, hexane, cyclohexane or mineral oil fractions, halohydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, trichloroethylene or chlorobenzene, or other solvents such as acetone, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, pyridine, dimethyl sulphoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N′-dimethylpropyleneurea (DMPU) or N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP). It is likewise possible to use mixtures of the solvents mentioned. Preference is given to dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide or mixtures of these solvents.

Examples of suitable phosgene derivatives used for the process step (XIV)-(XV) are, for example, N,N′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), trichloromethyl chlorocarbonate (diphosgene), bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate (triphosgene) or aryl chloroformate. Preference is given to using N,N′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI).

The process step (XIV)-(XV) is generally conducted within a temperature range from −20° C. to +100° C., preferably at 0° C. to +60° C. The conversion can be effected at standard, elevated or reduced pressure (for example from 0.5 to 5 bar). In general, standard pressure is employed.

Inert solvents for the process step (XV)→(II) are, for example, ethers such as diethyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, glycol dimethyl ether or diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, hexane, cyclohexane or mineral oil fractions, or other solvents such as acetone, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N′-dimethylpropyleneurea (DMPU) or N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP). It is likewise possible to use mixtures of the solvents mentioned. Preference is given to dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide or mixtures of these solvents.

The process step (XV)→(II) is generally conducted within a temperature range from −20° C. to +100° C., preferably at 0° C. to +60° C. The conversion can be effected at standard or elevated hydrogen pressure (for example from 1.0 to 100 bar). In general, elevated hydrogen pressure is employed.

Inert solvents for the process step (XVI)+(XVII-A)→(XVIII-A) or (XVI)+(XVII-B)→(XVIII-B) or (XXI)+(XXI)→(XXII) are, for example, ethers such as diethyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, glycol dimethyl ether or diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, hexane, cyclohexane or mineral oil fractions, halohydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, trichloroethylene or chlorobenzene, or other solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N′-dimethylpropyleneurea (DMPU) or N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP). It is likewise possible to use mixtures of the solvents mentioned. Preference is given to dichloromethane.

The process step (XVI)+(XVII-A)→(XVIII-A) or (XVI)+(XVII-B)→(XVIII-B) or (XXI)+(XXI)→(XXII) is generally conducted within a temperature range from −20° C. to +100° C., preferably at 0° C. to +60° C. The conversion can be effected at standard, elevated or reduced pressure (for example from 0.5 to 5 bar). In general, standard pressure is employed.

Inert solvents for the process step (XVI)+(XVII-A)→(XVIII-A) or (XVI)+(XVII-B)→(XVIII-B) or (XXI)+(XXI)→(XXII) are, for example, ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, glycol dimethyl ether or diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, hexane, cyclohexane or mineral oil fractions, halohydrocarbons such as trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, trichloroethylene or chlorobenzene, or other solvents such as acetone, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, pyridine, dimethyl sulphoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N′-dimethylpropyleneurea (DMPU) or N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP). It is likewise possible to use mixtures of the solvents mentioned. Preference is given to N,N-dimethylformamide.

›CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS · 15 of 15

The process step (XVI)+(XVII-A)→(XVIII-A) or (XVI)+(XVII-B)→(XVIII-B) is generally conducted within a temperature range from 20° C. to +100° C., preferably at 0° C. to +60° C. 20° C. to +250° C., preferably at 100° C. to +200° C. The conversion can be effected at standard, elevated or reduced pressure (for example from 0.5 to 5 bar). In general, standard pressure is employed.

Inert solvents for the process step (XVIII-A)→(XIX-A) or (XVIII-B)→(XIX-B) are, for example, ethers such as diethyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, glycol dimethyl ether or diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, hexane, cyclohexane or mineral oil fractions, halohydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, trichloroethylene or chlorobenzene, or other solvents such as acetone, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, pyridine, dimethyl sulphoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylpropyleneurea (DMPU) or N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP). It is likewise possible to use mixtures of the solvents mentioned. Preference is given to dichloromethane and acetonitrile.

The process step (XVIII-A)→(XIX-A) or (XVIII-B)→(XIX-B) is generally conducted within a temperature range from 20° C. to +250° C., preferably at 100° C. to +200° C. The conversion can be effected at standard, elevated or reduced pressure (for example from 0.5 to 5 bar). In general, standard pressure is employed.

Any hydroxyl, amino and/or amido groups present in the starting compounds of formulae (II) and (VII) can, if appropriate or necessary, also be used in temporarily protected form and then released again at the end of the particular reaction sequence [with regard to the suitability, introduction and removal of such protecting groups see, for example, T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis , Wiley, New York, 1999].

Further compounds of the invention can optionally also be prepared by conversions of functional groups of individual substituents, especially those listed for R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , proceeding from the compounds of the formula (I) obtained by above processes. These conversions are conducted by customary methods known to those skilled in the art and include, for example, reactions such as nucleophilic and electrophilic substitutions, oxidations, reductions, hydrogenations, transition metal-catalysed coupling reactions, eliminations, alkylation, amination, esterification, ester hydrolysis, etherification, ether hydrolysis, formation of carbonamides, dehydrations, and introduction and removal of temporary protective groups.

Detailed procedures can also be found in the Experimental, in the section on the preparation of the starting compounds and intermediates.

›ELUCIDATIONS FOR THE FIGURES · 1 of 7

FIG. 1 : Example 237 in a complex with pig PREP.

FIG. 2 : Example 358 in a complex with pig PREP.

FIG. 3 : Example 454 in a complex with pig PREP.

FIG. 4 : Example 108 in a complex with pig PREP.

FIG. 5 : Example 113 in a complex with pig PREP.

FIG. 6 : Example 157 in a complex with pig PREP.

FIG. 7 : Example 026 in a complex with pig PREP.

The compounds of the invention have valuable pharmacological properties and can be used for prevention and treatment of diseases in humans and animals.

The compounds of the invention are potent, chemically stable inhibitors of human prolyl endopeptidase (PREP, PE, prolyl oligopeptidase, POP) and are therefore suitable for treatment and/or prevention of disorders and pathological processes, especially those in which PREP or the PREP product PGP (proline-glycine-proline) is involved in the course of an infectious or non-infectious inflammation event and/or tissue or vessel reconstruction.

In the context of the present invention, these especially include disorders of the respiratory pathway and the lung, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (mucoviscidosis, CF), asthma and the group of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), and disorders of the cardiovascular system such as arteriosclerosis and myocarditis.

The forms of COPD especially include pulmonary emphysema induced by cigarette smoke, chronic bronchitis (CB), pulmonary hypertension in COPD (PH-COPD), bronchiectasis (BE) and combinations thereof, especially in acute exacerbating stages of the disease (AE-COPD).

The forms of asthma include asthmatic disorders of different severity with intermittent or persistent character, such as refractory asthma, bronchial asthma, allergic asthma, intrinsic asthma, extrinsic asthma and medicament- or dust-induced asthma.

The group of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) includes idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), pulmonary sarcoidosis and acute interstitial pneumonia, non-specific interstitial pneumonia, lymphoid interstitial pneumonia, respiratory bronchiolitis with interstitial pulmonary disorder, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, desquamative interstitial pneumonia and non-classifiable idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, and also granulomatous interstitial pulmonary disorders, interstitial pulmonary disorders of known cause and other interstitial pulmonary disorders of unknown cause.

The compounds of the invention can also be used for the treatment and/or prevention of further disorders of the respiratory pathways and of the lung, for example of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and other forms of pulmonary hypertension (PH), of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), of acute lung damage (ALl), alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) and cystic fibrosis (CF), of various forms of bronchitis (chronic bronchitis, infectious bronchitis, eosinophilic bronchitis), of bronchiectasis, pneumonia, farmer's lung and related diseases, cough- and cold-type diseases having infectious and non-infectious causes (chronic inflammatory cough, iatrogenic cough), mucous membrane inflammation (including medicamentous rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis and seasonally dependent allergic rhinitis, for example hay fever), and polyps.

The compounds of the invention can additionally be used for treatment and/or prevention of cardiovascular disorders, for example high blood pressure (hypertension), heart failure, coronary heart disorders, stable and unstable angina pectoris, renal hypertension, peripheral and cardiovascular disorders, arrhythmias, rhythm disorders of the atria and ventricles, and conduction disorders, for example atrioventricular blocks of degrees I-III, supraventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular flutter, ventricular tachycardia, Torsade de pointes tachycardia, atrial and ventricular extrasystoles, AV-junctional extrasystoles, sick sinus syndrome, syncopes, AV nodal reentrant tachycardia, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, acute coronary syndrome (ACS), autoimmune cardiac disorders (pericarditis, endocarditis, valvolitis, aortitis, cardiomyopathies), boxer cardiomyopathy, aneurysms, shock such as cardiogenic shock, septic shock and anaphylactic shock, and also for treatment and/or prevention of thromboembolic disorders and ischaemias such as myocardial ischaemia, myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiac hypertrophy, transient and ischaemic attacks, preeclampsia, inflammatory cardiovascular disorders, spasms of the coronary arteries and peripheral arteries, oedema formation such as, for example, pulmonary oedema, cerebral oedema, renal oedema or oedema caused by heart failure, peripheral circulatory disturbances, reperfusion damage, arterial and venous thromboses, microalbuminuria, myocardial insufficiency, endothelial dysfunction, micro- and macrovascular damage (vasculitis), and also to prevent restenoses, for example after thrombolysis therapies, percutaneous transluminal angioplasties (PTA), percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasties (PTCA), heart transplants and bypass operations.

In the context of the present invention, the term “heart failure” encompasses both acute and chronic forms of heart failure, and also specific or related disease types thereof, such as acute decompensated heart failure, right heart failure, left heart failure, global failure, ischaemic cardiomyopathy, dilatative cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, idiopathic cardiomyopathy, congenital heart defects, heart valve defects, heart failure associated with heart valve defects, mitral valve stenosis, mitral valve insufficiency, aortic valve stenosis, aortic valve insufficiency, tricuspid valve stenosis, tricuspid valve insufficiency, pulmonary valve stenosis, pulmonary valve insufficiency, combined heart valve defects, myocardial inflammation (myocarditis), chronic myocarditis, acute myocarditis, viral myocarditis, diabetic heart failure, alcoholic cardiomyopathy, cardiac storage disorders and diastolic and systolic heart failure.

›ELUCIDATIONS FOR THE FIGURES · 2 of 7

The compounds of the invention are also suitable for treatment and/or prevention of renal disorders, in particular renal insufficiency and kidney failure. In the context of the present invention, the terms “renal insufficiency” and “kidney failure” encompass both acute and chronic manifestations thereof and also underlying or related renal disorders such as renal hypoperfusion, intradialytic hypotension, obstructive uropathy, glomerulopathies, glomerulonephritis, acute glomerulonephritis, glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial diseases, nephropathic disorders such as primary and congenital kidney disease, nephritis, immunological kidney disorders such as kidney transplant rejection and immunocomplex-induced kidney disorders, nephropathy induced by toxic substances, nephropathy induced by contrast agents, diabetic and non-diabetic nephropathy, pyelonephritis, renal cysts, nephrosclerosis, hypertensive nephrosclerosis and nephrotic syndrome which can be characterized diagnostically, for example by abnormally reduced creatinine and/or water excretion, abnormally elevated blood concentrations of urea, nitrogen, potassium and/or creatinine, altered activity of renal enzymes, for example glutamyl synthetase, altered urine osmolarity or urine volume, elevated microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria, lesions on glomerulae and arterioles, tubular dilatation, hyperphosphataemia and/or need for dialysis. The present invention also encompasses the use of the compounds of the invention for treatment and/or prevention of sequelae of renal insufficiency, for example hypertension, pulmonary oedema, heart failure, uraemia, anaemia, electrolyte disturbances (for example hyperkalaemia, hyponatraemia) and disturbances in bone and carbohydrate metabolism.

In addition, the compounds of the invention are suitable for treatment and/or prevention of disorders of the urogenital system, for example benign prostate syndrome (BPS), benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), benign prostate enlargement (BPE), bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), lower urinary tract syndromes (LUTS), neurogenic overactive bladder (OAB), incontinence, for example mixed urinary incontinence, urge urinary incontinence, stress urinary incontinence or overflow urinary incontinence (MUI, UUI, SUI, OUI), pelvic pain, and also erectile dysfunction and female sexual dysfunction.

The compounds of the invention can also be used for treatment of disorders of the female reproductive system, such as uterine myoma, endometriosis, dysmenorrhoea and premature contractions. In addition, they are suitable for prophylaxis or treatment of hirsutism or hypertrichosis.

In addition, the compounds of the invention have antiinflammatory action and can therefore be used as antiinflammatory agents for the treatment and/or prevention of sepsis (SIRS), multiple organ failure (MODS, MOF), inflammatory disorders of the kidney, chronic intestinal inflammations (IBD, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis), pancreatitis, peritonitis, cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis, epidimytitis, oophoritis, salpingitis, vulvovaginitis, rheumatoid disorders, osteoarthritis, inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system, multiple sclerosis, infammatory skin disorders and inflammatory eye disorders.

The compounds of the invention are also suitable for treatment and/or prevention of fibrotic disorders of the internal organs, for example the lung, the heart, the kidney, the bone marrow and in particular the liver, and also dermatological fibroses and fibrotic eye disorders. In the context of the present invention, the term “fibrotic disorders” includes in particular disorders such as hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis of the liver, pulmonary fibrosis, endomyocardial fibrosis, nephropathy, glomerulonephritis, interstitial renal fibrosis, fibrotic damage resulting from diabetes, bone marrow fibrosis, peritoneal fibrosis and similar fibrotic disorders, scleroderma, morphoea, keloids, hypertrophic scarring, naevi, diabetic retinopathy, proliferative vitroretinopathy and disorders of the connective tissue (for example sarcoidosis). The compounds of the invention can likewise be used for promotion of wound healing, for controlling postoperative scarring, for example following glaucoma operations and cosmetically for ageing or keratinized skin.

The compounds of the invention can also be used for treatment and/or prevention of anaemias such as haemolytic anaemias, in particular haemoglobinopathies such as sickle cell anaemia and thalassaemias, megaloblastic anaemias, iron deficiency anaemias, anaemias owing to acute blood loss, displacement anaemias and aplastic anaemias.

Moreover, the compounds of the invention are suitable for treatment of cancers, for example skin cancer, brain tumours, breast cancer, bone marrow tumours, leukaemias, liposarcomas, carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract, of the liver, the pancreas, the lung, the kidney, the ureter, the prostate and the genital tract and also of malignant tumours of the lymphoproliferative system, for example Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

In addition, the compounds of the invention can be used for treatment and/or prevention of arteriosclerosis, impaired lipid metabolism and dyslipidaemias (hypolipoproteinaemia, hypertriglyceridaemias, hyperlipidaemia, combined hyperlipidaemias, hypercholesterolaemia, abetalipoproteinaemia, sitosterolaemia), xanthomatosis, Tangier disease, adiposity, obesity, metabolic disorders (metabolic syndrome, hyperglycaemia, insulin-dependent diabetes, non-insulin-dependent diabetes, gestation diabetes, hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistence, glucose intolerance and diabetic sequelae, such as retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy), of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and the abdomen (glossitis, gingivitis, periodontitis, oesophagitis, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, mastocytosis, Crohn's disease, colitis, proctitis, anus pruritis, diarrhoea, coeliac disease, hepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis of the liver, pancreatitis and cholecystitis), of disorders of the central nervous system and neurodegenerative disorders (stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, dementia, epilepsy, depressions, multiple sclerosis), immune disorders, thyroid disorders (hyperthyreosis), skin disorders (psoriasis, acne, eczema, neurodermitis, various forms of dermatitis, for example dermatitis abacribus, actinic dermatitis, allergic dermatitis, ammonia dermatitis, facticial dermatitis, autogenic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, dermatitis calorica, dermatitis combustionis, dermatitis congelationis, dermatitis cosmetica, dermatitis escharotica, exfoliative dermatitis, dermatitis gangraenose, stasis dermatitis, dermatitis herpetiformis, lichenoid dermatitis, dermatitis linearis, dermatitis maligna, medicinal eruption dermatitis, dermatitis palmaris and plantaris, parasitic dermatitis, photoallergic contact dermatitis, phototoxic dermatitis, dermatitis pustularis, seborrhoeic dermatitis, sunburn, toxic dermatitis, Meleney's ulcer, dermatitis veneata, infectious dermatitis, pyrogenic dermatitis and perioral dermatitis, and also keratitis, bullosis, vasculitis, cellulitis, panniculitis, lupus erythematosus, erythema, lymphomas, skin cancer, Sweet syndrome, Weber-Christian syndrome, scar formation, wart formation, chilblains), of inflammatory eye diseases (saccoidosis, blepharitis, conjunctivitis, iritis, uveitis, chorioiditis, ophthalmitis), viral diseases (caused by influenza, adeno and corona viruses, for example HPV, HCMV, HIV, SARS), of disorders of the skeletal bone and the joints and also the skeletal muscle (various forms of arthritis, for example arthritis alcaptonurica, arthritis ankylosans, arthritis dysenterica, arthritis exsudativa, arthritis fungosa, arthritis gonorrhoica, arthritis mutilans, arthritis psoriatica, arthritis purulenta, arthritis rheumatica, arthritis serosa, arthritis syphilitica, arthritis tuberculosa, arthritis urica, arthritis villonodularis pigmentosa, atypical arthritis, haemophilic arthritis, juvenile chronic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and metastatic arthritis, and also Still syndrome, Felty syndrome, Sjörgen syndrome, Clutton syndrome, Poncet syndrome, Pott syndrome and Reiter syndrome, various forms of arthropathy, for example arthropathia deformans, arthropathia neuropathica, arthropathia ovaripriva, arthropathia psoriatica and arthropathia tabica, systemic scleroses, various forms of inflammatory myopathies, for example myopathie epidemica, myopathie fibrosa, myopathie myoglobinurica, myopathie ossificans, myopathie ossificans neurotica, myopathie ossificans progressiva multiplex, myopathie purulenta, myopathie rheumatica, myopathie trichinosa, myopathie tropica and myopathie typhosa, and also Günther syndrome and Münchmeyer syndrome), of inflammatory changes to the arteries (various forms of arteritis, for example endarteritis, mesarteritis, periarteritis, panarteritis, arteritis rheumatica, arteritis deformans, arteritis temporalis, arteritis cranialis, arteritis gigantocellularis and arteritis granulomatosa, and also Horton syndrome, Churg-Strauss syndrome and Takayasu arteritis), of Muckle-Well syndrome, of Kikuchi disease, of polychondritis, dermatosclerosis and also other disorders having an inflammatory or immunological component, for example cataract, cachexia, osteoporosis, gout, incontinence, lepra, Sezary syndrome and paraneoplastic syndrome, in the event of rejection reactions after organ transplants and for wound healing and angiogenesis particularly in the case of chronic wounds.

›ELUCIDATIONS FOR THE FIGURES · 3 of 7

Because of their profile of biochemical and pharmacological properties, the compounds of the invention are especially suitable for treatment and/or prevention of inflammatory lung disorders, particularly of chronic-obstructive lung disease (COPD), of pulmonary emphysema, of chronic bronchitis, of bronchiectasis, of pulmonary hypertension in COPD (PH-COPD), of acute exacerbation in COPD, of cystic fibrosis (mucoviscidosis, CF), of asthma, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), of arteriosclerosis, of myocarditis, and of inflammatory skin and eye disorders or inflammatory disorders of the internal organs.

Because of their profile of biochemical and pharmacological properties, the compounds of the invention are very particularly suitable for treatment and/or prevention of inflammatory lung disorders, particularly of chronic-obstructive lung disease (COPD), of pulmonary emphysema, of chronic bronchitis, of bronchiectasis, of pulmonary hypertension in COPD (PH-COPD), of acute exacerbation in COPD, of cystic fibrosis (mucoviscidosis, CF), of asthma, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS).

The aforementioned well-characterized diseases in humans can also occur with comparable etiology in other mammals and can likewise be treated therein with the compounds of the present invention.

The treatment or prevention of a disease, a condition, a disorder, an injury or a health problem may be partial or complete.

The present invention thus further provides for the use of the compounds of the invention for treatment and/or prevention of disorders, especially of the aforementioned disorders.

The present invention further provides for the use of the compounds of the invention for production of a medicament for treatment and/or prevention of disorders, especially of the aforementioned disorders.

The present invention further provides a medicament comprising at least one of the compounds of the invention for treatment and/or prevention of disorders, especially of the aforementioned disorders.

The present invention further provides for the use of the compounds of the invention in a method for treatment and/or prevention of disorders, especially of the aforementioned disorders.

The present invention further provides a method of treatment and/or prevention of disorders, especially of the aforementioned disorders, using an effective amount of at least one of the compounds of the invention.

The compounds of the invention can be used alone or, if required, in combination with one or more other pharmacologically active substances, provided that this combination does not lead to undesirable and unacceptable side effects. The present invention therefore further provides medicaments comprising at least one of the compounds of the invention and one or more further drugs, especially for treatment and/or prevention of the aforementioned disorders. Preferred examples of combination active ingredients suitable for this purpose include:

organic nitrates and NO donors, for example sodium nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, isosorbide mononitrate, isosorbide dinitrate, molsidomine or SIN-1, and inhaled NO; compounds which inhibit the degradation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and/or cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), for example inhibitors of phosphodiesterases (PDE) 1, 2, 3, 4 and/or 5, especially PDE 5 inhibitors such as sildenafil, vardenafil, tadalafil, udenafil, dasantafil, avanafil, mirodenafil or lodenafil; NO- and haem-independent activators of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), such as in particular the compounds described in WO 01/19355, WO 01/19776, WO 01/19778, WO 01/19780, WO 02/070462 and WO 02/070510; NO-independent but haem-dependent stimulators of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), such as in particular riociguat and the compounds described in WO 00/06568, WO 00/06569, WO 02/42301, WO 03/095451, WO 2011/147809, WO 2012/004258, WO 2012/028647 and WO 2012/059549; prostacyclin analogues and IP receptor agonists, by way of example and with preference iloprost, beraprost, treprostinil, epoprostenol or selexipag; edothelin receptor antagonists, by way of example and with preference bosentan, darusentan, ambrisentan or sitaxsentan; compounds which inhibit human neutrophil elastase (HNE), by way of example and with preference sivelestat or DX-890 (reltran); compounds which inhibit the signal transduction cascade, by way of example and with preference from the group of the kinase inhibitors, in particular from the group of the tyrosine kinase and/or serine/threonine kinase inhibitors, by way of example and with preference nintedanib, dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib, regorafenib, sorafenib, sunitinib, cediranib, axitinib, telatinib, imatinib, brivanib, pazopanib, vatalanib, gefitinib, erlotinib, lapatinib, canertinib, lestaurtinib, pelitinib, semaxanib or tandutinib; compounds which inhibit the degradation and alteration of the extracellular matrix, by way of example and with preference inhibitors of the matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), especially inhibitors of stromelysin, collagenases, gelatinases and aggrecanases (in this context particularly of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-11 and MMP-13) and of metalloelastase (MMP-12); compounds which block the binding of serotonin to its receptor, by way of example and with preference antagonists of the 5-HT 2B receptor such as PRX-08066; antagonists of growth factors, cytokines and chemokines, by way of example and with preference antagonists of TGF-β, CTGF, IL-1, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13 and integrins; Rho kinase-inhibiting compounds, by way of example and with preference fasudil, Y-27632, SLx-2119, BF-66851, BF-66852, BF-66853, KI-23095 or BA-1049; compounds which inhibit soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), for example N,N′-dicyclohexylurea, 12-(3-adamantan-1-ylureido)dodecanoic acid or 1-adamantan-1-yl-3-{5-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]pentyl}urea; compounds which influence the energy metabolism of the heart, by way of example and with preference etomoxir, dichloroacetate, ranolazine or trimetazidine; anti-obstructive agents as used, for example, for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or bronchial asthma, by way of example and with preference from the group of the inhalatively or systemically administered agonists of the β-adrenergic receptor (β-mimetics) and the inhalatively administered anti-muscarinergic substances; antiinflammatory, immunomodulating, immunosuppressive and/or cytotoxic agents, by way of example and with preference from the group of the systemically or inhalatively administered corticosteroids and also acetylcysteine, montelukast, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, hydroxycarbamide, azithromycin, pirfenidone or etanercept; antifibrotic agents, by way of example and with preference adenosine A2b receptor antagonists, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1P3) antagonists, autotaxin inhibitors, lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPA-1) and lysophosphatidic acid receptor 2 (LPA-2) antagonists, lysyl oxidase (LOX) inhibitors, lysyl oxidase-like 2 inhibitors, CTGF inhibitors, IL-13 antagonists, α v β 6 -integrin antagonists, TGF-β antagonists, inhibitors of the Wnt signalling pathway or CCR2 antagonists; antithrombotic agents, by way of example and with preference from the group of platelet aggregation inhibitors, the anticoagulants and the profibrinolytic substances; hypotensive active ingredients, by way of example and with preference from the group of the calcium antagonists, angiotensin AII antagonists, ACE inhibitors, vasopeptidase inhibitors, endothelin antagonists, renin inhibitors, α-receptor blockers, β-receptor blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and also the diuretics; lipid metabolism modifiers, by way of example and with preference from the group of the thyroid receptor agonists, cholesterol synthesis inhibitors, by way of example and with preference HMG-CoA reductase or squalene synthesis inhibitors, of the ACAT inhibitors, CETP inhibitors, MTP inhibitors, PPAR-α, PPAR-γ and/or PPAR-δ agonists, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, lipase inhibitors, polymeric bile acid adsorbents, bile acid reabsorption inhibitors and lipoprotein(a) antagonists; and/or chemotherapeutics like those employed, for example, for the therapy of neoplasms in the lung or other organs.

›ELUCIDATIONS FOR THE FIGURES · 4 of 7

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with a β-adrenergic receptor agonist, by way of example and with preference albuterol, isoproterenol, metaproterenol, terbutalin, fenoterol, formoterol, reproterol, salbutamol or salmeterol.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with an antimuscarinergic substance, by way of example and with preference ipratropium bromide, tiotropium bromide or oxitropium bromide.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with a corticosteroid, by way of example and with preference prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, triamcinolone, dexamethasone, beclomethasone, betamethasone, flunisolide, budesonide or fluticasone.

Antithrombotic agents are preferably understood to mean compounds from the group of the platelet aggregation inhibitors, the anticoagulants and the profibrinolytic substances.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with a platelet aggregation inhibitor, by way of example and with preference aspirin, clopidogrel, ticlopidine or dipyridamole.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with a thrombin inhibitor, by way of example and with preference ximelagatran, melagatran, dabigatran, bivalirudin or clexane.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with a GPIIb/IIIa antagonist, by way of example and with preference tirofiban or abciximab.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with a factor Xa inhibitor, by way of example and with preference rivaroxaban, apixaban, fidexaban, razaxaban, fondaparinux, idraparinux, DU-176b, PMD-3112, YM-150, KFA-1982, EMD-503982, MCM-17, MLN-1021, DX 9065a, DPC 906, JTV 803, SSR-126512 or SSR-128428.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with heparin or with a low molecular weight (LMW) heparin derivative.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with a vitamin K antagonist, by way of example and with preference coumarin.

Hypotensive agents are preferably understood to mean compounds from the group of the calcium antagonists, angiotensin AII antagonists, ACE inhibitors, endothelin antagonists, renin inhibitors, α-receptor blockers, β-receptor blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and the diuretics.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with a calcium antagonist, by way of example and with preference nifedipine, amlodipine, verapamil or diltiazem.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with an α 1 -receptor blocker, by way of example and with preference prazosin.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with a β-receptor blocker, by way of example and with preference propranolol, atenolol, timolol, pindolol, alprenolol, oxprenolol, penbutolol, bupranolol, metipranolol, nadolol, mepindolol, carazalol, sotalol, metoprolol, betaxolol, celiprolol, bisoprolol, carteolol, esmolol, labetalol, carvedilol, adaprolol, landiolol, nebivolol, epanolol or bucindolol.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with an angiotensin AII antagonist, by way of example and with preference losartan, candesartan, valsartan, telmisartan, embursaran, irbesartan, olmesartan, eprosartan or azilsartan or a dual angiotensin AII antagonist/NEP inhibitor, for example and with preference LCZ696 (valsartan/sacubitril).

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with an ACE inhibitor, by way of example and with preference enalapril, captopril, lisinopril, ramipril, delapril, fosinopril, quinopril, perindopril or trandopril.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with an endothelin antagonist, by way of example and with preference bosentan, darusentan, ambrisentan or sitaxsentan.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with a renin inhibitor, by way of example and with preference aliskiren, SPP-600 or SPP-800.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, by way of example and with preference spironolactone, eplerenone or finerenone.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with a diuretic, by way of example and with preference furosemide, bumetanide, torsemide, bendroflumethiazide, chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide, hydroflumethiazide, methyclothiazide, polythiazide, trichlormethiazide, chlorthalidone, indapamide, metolazone, quinethazone, acetazolamide, dichlorphenamide, methazolamide, glycerol, isosorbide, mannitol, amiloride or triamterene.

Lipid metabolism modifiers are preferably understood to mean compounds from the group of the CETP inhibitors, thyroid receptor agonists, cholesterol synthesis inhibitors such as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors or squalene synthesis inhibitors, the ACAT inhibitors, MTP inhibitors, PPAR-α, PPAR-γ and/or PPAR-δ agonists, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, polymeric bile acid adsorbers, bile acid reabsorption inhibitors, lipase inhibitors and the lipoprotein(a) antagonists.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with a CETP inhibitor, by way of example and with preference torcetrapib (CP-529 414), JJT-705 or CETP vaccine (Avant).

›ELUCIDATIONS FOR THE FIGURES · 5 of 7

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with a thyroid receptor agonist, by way of example and with preference D-thyroxine, 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3), CGS 23425 or axitirome (CGS 26214).

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor from the class of statins, by way of example and with preference lovastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, fluvastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin or pitavastatin.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with a squalene synthesis inhibitor, by way of example and with preference BMS-188494 or TAK-475.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with an ACAT inhibitor, by way of example and with preference avasimibe, melinamide, pactimibe, eflucimibe or SMP-797.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with an MTP inhibitor, by way of example and with preference implitapide, BMS-201038, R-103757 or JTT-130.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with a PPAR-γ agonist, by way of example and with preference pioglitazone or rosiglitazone.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with a PPAR-δ agonist, by way of example and with preference GW 501516 or BAY 68-5042.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with a cholesterol absorption inhibitor, by way of example and with preference ezetimibe, tiqueside or pamaqueside.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with a lipase inhibitor, by way of example and with preference orlistat.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with a polymeric bile acid adsorber, by way of example and with preference cholestyramine, colestipol, colesolvam, CholestaGel or colestimide.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with a bile acid reabsorption inhibitor, by way of example and with preference ASBT (=IBAT) inhibitors, for example AZD-7806, S-8921, AK-105, BARI-1741, SC-435 or SC-635.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with a lipoprotein(a) antagonist, by way of example and with preference gemcabene calcium (CI-1027) or nicotinic acid.

Particular preference is given to combinations of the compounds of the invention with one or more further active ingredients selected from the group consisting of PDE 5 inhibitors, sGC activators, sGC stimulators, prostacyclin analogues, IP receptor agonists, endothelin antagonists, compounds that inhibit the signal transduction cascade and pirfenidone.

The present invention further provides medicaments which comprise at least one compound of the invention, typically together with one or more inert, non-toxic, pharmaceutically suitable excipients, and for the use thereof for the aforementioned purposes.

The compounds of the invention can act systemically and/or locally. For this purpose, they can be administered in a suitable manner, for example by the oral, parenteral, pulmonal, nasal, sublingual, lingual, buccal, rectal, dermal, transdermal, conjunctival or otic route, or as an implant or stent.

The compounds of the invention can be administered in administration forms suitable for these administration routes.

Suitable administration forms for oral administration are those which work according to the prior art and release the compounds of the invention rapidly and/or in a modified manner and which contain the compounds of the invention in crystalline and/or amorphized and/or dissolved form, for example tablets (uncoated or coated tablets, for example with gastric juice-resistant or retarded-dissolution or insoluble coatings which control the release of the compound of the invention), tablets or films/oblates which disintegrate rapidly in the oral cavity, films/lyophilizates, capsules (for example hard or soft gelatin capsules), sugar-coated tablets, granules, pellets, powders, emulsions, suspensions, aerosols or solutions.

Parenteral administration can bypass an absorption step (e.g. take place intravenously, intraarterially, intracardially, intraspinally or intralumbally) or include an absorption (e.g. take place inhalatively, intramuscularly, subcutaneously, intracutaneously, percutaneously or intraperitoneally). Administration forms suitable for parenteral administration include preparations for injection and infusion in the form of solutions, suspensions, emulsions, lyophilizates or sterile powders.

For the other administration routes, suitable examples are inhalation medicaments (including powder inhalers, nebulizers, dosage aerosols), nasal drops, solutions or sprays; tablets for lingual, sublingual or buccal administration, films/oblates or capsules, suppositories, ear or eye preparations, vaginal capsules, aqueous suspensions (lotions, shaking mixtures), lipophilic suspensions, ointments, creams, transdermal therapeutic systems (e.g. patches), milk, pastes, foams, dusting powders, implants or stents.

Oral and parenteral administration are preferred, especially oral, intravenous and intrapulmonary (inhalative) administration.

The compounds of the invention can be converted to the administration forms mentioned. This can be accomplished in a manner known per se by mixing with inert, non-toxic, pharmaceutically suitable excipients. These excipients include carriers (for example microcrystalline cellulose, lactose, mannitol), solvents (e.g. liquid polyethylene glycols), emulsifiers and dispersing or wetting agents (for example sodium dodecylsulphate, polyoxysorbitan oleate), binders (for example polyvinylpyrrolidone), synthetic and natural polymers (for example albumin), stabilizers (e.g. antioxidants, for example ascorbic acid), colourants (e.g. inorganic pigments, for example iron oxides) and flavour and/or odour correctors.

›ELUCIDATIONS FOR THE FIGURES · 6 of 7

In general, it has been found to be advantageous in the case of parenteral administration to administer amounts of about 0.001 to 1 mg/kg, preferably about 0.01 to 0.5 mg/kg, of body weight to achieve effective results. In the case of oral administration the dosage is about 0.01 to 100 mg/kg, preferably about 0.01 to 20 mg/kg and most preferably 0.1 to 10 mg/kg of body weight. In the case of intrapulmonary administration, the amount is generally about 0.1 to 50 mg per inhalation.

It may nevertheless be necessary in some cases to deviate from the stated amounts, specifically as a function of body weight, route of administration, individual response to the active ingredient, nature of the preparation and time or interval over which administration takes place. Thus in some cases it may be sufficient to manage with less than the abovementioned minimum amount, while in other cases the upper limit mentioned must be exceeded. In the case of administration of greater amounts, it may be advisable to divide them into several individual doses over the day.

The working examples which follow illustrate the invention. The invention is not restricted to the examples.

The present invention further provides medicaments pharmaceutical compositions which comprise at least one compound of the invention, typically together with one or more inert, non-toxic, pharmaceutically suitable excipients, and for the use thereof for the aforementioned purposes.

The compounds of the invention can act systemically and/or locally. For this purpose, they can be administered in a suitable manner, for example by the oral, parenteral, pulmonal, nasal, sublingual, lingual, buccal, rectal, vaginal, dermal, transdermal, conjunctival or otic route, or as an implant or stent.

The compounds of the invention can be administered in administration forms suitable for these administration routes.

Suitable administration forms for oral administration are those which function according to the prior art and deliver the inventive compounds rapidly and/or in modified fashion, and which contain the inventive compounds in crystalline and/or amorphized and/or dissolved form, for example tablets (uncoated or coated tablets, for example having enteric coatings or coatings which are insoluble or dissolve with a delay, which control the release of the compound according to the invention), tablets which disintegrate rapidly in the mouth, or films/wafers, films/lyophilizates, capsules (for example hard or soft gelatin capsules), sugar-coated tablets, granules, pellets, powders, emulsions, suspensions, aerosols or solutions.

Parenteral administration can be accomplished with avoidance of a resorption step (for example by an intravenous, intraarterial, intracardiac, intraspinal or intralumbar route) or with inclusion of a resorption (for example by an intramuscular, subcutaneous, intracutaneous, percutaneous, intravitreal or intraperitoneal route). Administration forms suitable for parenteral administration include preparations for injection and infusion in the form of solutions, suspensions, emulsions, lyophilizates or sterile powders.

Suitable administration forms for the other administration routes are, for example, pharmaceutical forms for inhalation (including powder inhalers, nebulizers), nasal drops, solutions or sprays; tablets for lingual, sublingual or buccal administration, films/wafers or capsules, suppositories, eye drops, eye ointments, eyewashes, ocular inserts, ear drops, sprays, powders, washes or tampons, vaginal capsules, aqueous suspensions (lotions, shaking mixtures), lipophilic suspensions, emulsions, microemulsions, ointments, creams, transdermal therapeutic systems (for example patches), milk, pastes, foams, dusting powders, implants or stents.

The compounds of the invention can be converted to the administration forms mentioned. This can be accomplished in a manner known per se by mixing with pharmaceutically suitable excipients. These excipients include

fillers and carriers (for example cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, for example Avicel®, lactose, mannitol, starch, calcium phosphates, for example Di-Cafos®), ointment bases (for example vaseline, paraffins, triglycerides, waxes, wool wax, wool wax alcohols, lanolin, hydrophilic ointment, polyethylene glycols), suppository bases (for example polyethylene glycols, cocoa butter, hard fat), solvents (e.g. water, ethanol, isopropanol, glycerol, propylene glycol, mid-chain triglycerides, fatty oils, liquid polyethylene glycols, paraffins), surfactants, emulsifiers, dispersants or wetting agents (for example sodium dodecylsulphate, lecithin, phospholipids, fatty alcohols, for example Lanette®, sorbitan fatty acid esters, for example Span®, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, for example Tween®, polyoxyethylene fatty acid glycerides, for example Cremophor®, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, glycerol fatty acid esters, poloxamers, for example Pluronic®), buffer substances, and also acids and bases (for example phosphates, carbonates, citric acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, ammonium carbonate, trometamol, triethanolamine), isotonizing agents (for example glucose, sodium chloride), adsorbents (for example finely divided silicas), viscosity-increasing agents, gel formers, thickeners or binders (for example polyvinylpyrrolidone, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose-sodium, starch, carbomers, polyacrylic acids, for example Carbopol®, alginates, gelatins), disintegrants (for example modified starch, carboxymethyl cellulose-sodium, sodium starch glycolate, for example Explotab®, crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, croscarmellose-sodium, for example AcDiSol®), flow regulators, lubricants, glidants and mould release agents (for example magnesium stearate, stearic acid, talc, finely divided silicas, for example Aerosil®), coating agents (for example sugar, shellac) and film formers for films or diffusion membranes with fast or modified dissolution (for example by polyvinylpyrrolidones, for example Kollidon®, polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate phthalate, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, for example Eudragit®), capsule materials (e.g. gelatins, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose), synthetic polymers (for example polylactides, polyglycolides, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, for example Eudragit®, polyvinylpyrrolidones, for example Kollidon®, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl acetates, polyethylene oxides, polyethylene glycols and the copolymers and block copolymers thereof), plasticizers (for example polyethylene glycols, propylene glycol, glycerol, triacetin, triacetyl citrate, dibutyl phthalate), penetration enhancers, stabilizers (e.g. antioxidants, for example ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate, sodium ascorbate, butylhydroxyanisole, butylhydroxytoluene, propyl gallate), preservatives (for example parabens, sorbic acid, thiomersal, benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine acetate, sodium benzoate), dyes (e.g. inorganic pigments, for example iron oxides, titanium dioxide), aromas, sweeteners, flavour and/or odour correctors.

›ELUCIDATIONS FOR THE FIGURES · 7 of 7

Preference is given to oral or parenteral administration, especially oral administration.

In the case of parenteral administration, it has generally been found to be advantageous to administer amounts of about 0.1 to 6 mg/kg to achieve effective results. In the case of oral administration, the dose is about 0.1 to 10 mg/kg of body weight.

The working examples which follow illustrate the invention. The invention is not restricted to the examples.

Unless stated otherwise, the percentages in the tests and examples which follow are percentages by weight; parts are parts by weight. Solvent ratios, dilution ratios and concentration data for liquid/liquid solutions are based in each case on volume.

›A. EXAMPLES · 1 of 57

Abbreviations and Acronyms

Ac acetyl aq. aqueous, aqueous solution boc tert-butoxycarbonyl br.d broad doublet (NMR) br.m broad multiplet (NMR) br.s broad singlet (NMR) br.t broad triplet (NMR) c concentration cat. catalytic d doublet (NMR) de diastereomeric excess TLC thin layer chromatography DCI direct chemical ionization (in MS) dd doublet of doublets (NMR) ddd doublet of doublet of doublets (NMR) dist. distilled DIAD diisopropyl azodicarboxylate DIEA N,N-diisopropylethylamine DMAP 4-N,N-dimethylaminopyridine DMF dimethylformamide DMSO dimethyl sulphoxide DSC differential scanning calorimetry dt doublet of triplets (NMR) EDC N′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride ee enantiomeric excess ent enantiomerically pure, enantiomer eq. equivalent(s) ESI electrospray ionization (in MS) Et ethyl GC-MS gas chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry h hour(s) HATU O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate HBTU O-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate HOBt 1-hydroxy-1H-benzotriazole hydrate HPLC high-pressure, high-performance liquid chromatography ID internal diameter iPr isopropyl J coupling constant (NMR) conc. concentrated LC-MS liquid chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry m multiplet (NMR) Me methyl min minute(s) MPLC medium-pressure liquid chromatography MS mass spectrometry MTBE methyl tert-butyl ether NMR nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry Pd/C palladium on activated charcoal Ph phenyl PyBOP benzotriazol-1-yloxytris(pyrrolidino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate quant. quantitative (in yield) rac racemic, racemate RT room temperature R t retention time (in HPLC) mp melting point SFC supercritical fluid chromatography t triplet (NMR) tBu tert-butyl tert tertiary TFA trifluoroacetic acid TFAA trifluoroacetic anhydride THF tetrahydrofuran TPPO triphenylphosphine oxide UV ultraviolet spectrometry v/v volume to volume ratio (of a solution)

HPLC, GC-MS and LC-MS Methods

Method 1:

Instrument: Agilent MS Quad 6150; HPLC: Agilent 1290; column: Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T3 1.8μ 50×2.1 mm; eluent A: 1 l water+0.25 ml 99% formic acid, eluent B: 1 l acetonitrile+0.25 ml 99% formic acid; gradient: 0.0 min 90% A→0.3 min 90% A→1.7 min 5% A→3.0 min 5% A; oven: 50° C.; flow rate: 1.20 ml/min; UV detection: 205305 nm.

Method 2:

Instrument: Thermo DFS, Trace GC Ultra; column: Restek RTX-35, 15 m×200 μm×0.33 μm; constant flow rate of helium: 1.20 ml/min; oven: 60° C.; inlet: 220° C.; gradient: 60° C., 30° C./min→300° C. (hold for 3.33 min).

Method 3:

MS instrument type: Thermo Scientific FT-MS; UHPLC+ instrument type: Thermo Scientific UltiMate 3000; column: Waters, HSST3, 2.1×75 mm, C18 1.8 μm; eluent A: 1 l of water+0.01% formic acid; eluent B: 1 l of acetonitrile+0.01% formic acid; gradient: 0.0 min 10% B→2.5 min 95% B→3.5 min 95% B; oven: 50° C.; flow rate: 0.90 ml/min; UV detection: 210 nm/optimum integration path 210-300 nm

Method 4:

Instrument: Waters ACQUITY SQD UPLC System; column: Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T3 1.8μ 50×1 mm; eluent A: 1 l water+0.25 ml 99% formic acid, eluent B: 1 l acetonitrile+0.25 ml 99% formic acid; gradient: 0.0 min 90% A→1.2 min 5% A→2.0 min 5% A; oven: 50° C.; flow rate: 0.40 ml/min; UV detection: 208-400 nm.

Method 5:

Instrument: HP 1100 Series with LC/MSD SL; column: CS MultoKrom 100-3 C18 60×4.6 mm; eluent A: 1 l water+10 ml 99% formic acid, eluent B: 1 I+10 ml 99% formic acid; gradient: 0.0 min 80% A→8.0 min 10% A→10.0 min 10% A; flow rate: 1.00 ml/min; DAD detection: 120-800 nm.

Method 6:

MS instrument: Waters (Micromass) Quattro Micro; Instrument Waters UPLC Acquity; column: Waters BEH C18 1.7μ 50×2.1 mm; eluent A: 1 l water+0.01 mol ammonium formate, eluent B: 1 of acetonitrile; gradient: 0.0 min 95% A→0.1 min 95% A→2.0 min 15% A→2.5 min 15% A→2.51 min 10% A→3.0 min 10% A; oven: 40° C.; flow rate: 0.5 ml/min; UV detection: 210 nm

Method 7:

Instrument: Waters Acquity, Waters Acquity Autosampler; column: XBridge BEH C18 2.5 μm 2.1×50 mm (UPLC LG 500 nm); eluent A: 10 mM ammonium hydrogencarbonate pH 10, eluent B: acetonitrile; gradient: 2-98% B in 0.80 min, hold at 98% B for 1.30 min.

Method 8:

Instrument: Waters ACQUITY SQD UPLC System; column: Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T3 1.8μ 50×1 mm; eluent A: 1 l water+0.25 ml 99% formic acid, eluent B: 1 l acetonitrile+0.25 ml 99% formic acid; gradient: 0.0 min 95% A→6.0 min 5% A→7.5 min 5% A; oven: 50° C.; flow rate: 0.35 ml/min; UV detection: 210-400 nm.

Method 9:

MS instrument type: ThermoFisher Scientific LTQ-Orbitrap-XL; HPLC instrument type: Agilent 1200SL; column: Agilent, POROSHELL 120, 3×150 mm, SB-C18 2.7 μm; eluent A: 1 l water+0.1% trifluoroacetic acid; eluent B: 1 l acetonitrile+0.1% trifluoroacetic acid; gradient: 0.0 min 2% B→0.3 min 2% B→5.0 min 95% B→10.0 min 95% B; oven: 40° C.; flow rate: 0.75 ml/min; UV detection: 210 nm

Method 10:

Instrument: Waters Prep LC/MS System, column: XBridge C18 5 μm 100×30 mm; eluent A: water, eluent B: acetonitrile, flow rate: 65 ml/min plus 5 ml 2% formic acid in water, room temperature, wavelength 200-400 nm, at-column injection (complete injection); gradient profile: between 0 and 2 min 10% eluent B, between 2 and 2.2 min to 20% eluent B, between 2.2 and 7 min to 60% eluent B, between 7 and 7.5 min to 92% eluent B, between 7.5 to 9 min at 92% B.

Method 11:

Instrument: Waters Prep LC/MS System, column: XBridge C18 5 μm 100×30 mm; eluent A: water, eluent B: acetonitrile, flow rate: 65 ml/min plus 5 ml 2% formic acid in water, room temperature, wavelength 200-400 nm, at-column injection (complete injection); gradient profile: between 0 and 2 min 7.5% eluent B, between 2 and 7 min to 35% eluent B, between 7 and 7.5 min to 92% eluent B, between 7.5 to 9 min at 92% B.

Method 12:

Instrument: Waters Prep LC/MS System, column: XBridge C18 5 μm 100×30 mm; eluent A: water, eluent B: acetonitrile, flow rate: 65 ml/min plus 5 ml 2% ammonia in water, room temperature, wavelength 200-400 nm, at-column injection (complete injection); gradient profile: between 0 and 2 min 7.5% eluent B, between 2 and 7 min to 35% eluent B, between 7 and 7.5 min to 92% eluent B, between 7.5 to 9 min at 92% B.

›A. EXAMPLES · 2 of 57

Method 13:

Instrument MS: Waters SQD2; Instrument HPLC: Waters UPLC; column: Zorbax SB-Aq (Agilent), 50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm; eluent A: water+0.025% formic acid, eluent B: acetonitrile (ULC)+0.025% formic acid; gradient: 0.0 min 98% A-0.9 min 25% A-1.0 min 5% A-1.4 min 5% A-1.41 min 98% A-1.5 min 98% A; oven: 40° C.; flow rate: 0.600 ml/min; UV detection: DAD; 210 nm.

Method 14:

Instrument: Waters Prep LC/MS System, column: Phenomenex Kinetex C18 5 μm 100×30 mm; eluent A: water, eluent B: acetonitrile, flow rate: 65 ml/min plus 5 ml 2% formic acid in water, room temperature, wavelength 200-400 nm, at-column injection (complete injection); gradient profile: between 0 and 2 min 10% eluent B, between 2 and 2.2 min to 20% eluent B, between 2.2 and 7 min to 60% eluent B, between 7 and 7.5 min to 92% eluent B, between 7.5 to 9 min at 92% B.

Method 15:

Instrument: Waters Single Quad MS System; Instrument: Waters UPLC Acquity; column: Waters BEH C18 1.7 μm 50×2.1 mm; eluent A: 1 l water+1.0 ml (25% ammonia)/I, eluent B: 1 l acetonitrile; gradient: 0.0 min 92% A→0.1 min 92% A→1.8 min 5% A-3.5 min 5% A; oven: 50° C.; flow rate: 0.45 ml/min; UV detection: 210 nm (208-400 nm).

Further details:

In the case of purifications of compounds of the invention by chromatography, particularly by column chromatography, prepacked silica gel cartridges, for example Biotage SNAP cartridges, KP-Sil® or KP-NH®, are used in combination with a Biotage system (SP4® or Isolera Four®). Eluents employed are gradients of hexane/ethyl acetate or dichloromethane/methanol.

In the case of purifications of compounds of the invention by preparative HPLC by the above-described methods in which the eluents contain additives, for example trifluoroacetic acid, formic acid or ammonia, the compounds of the invention can be obtained in salt form, for example as trifluoroacetate, formate or ammonium salt, if the compounds of the invention contain a sufficiently basic or acidic functionality. Such a salt can be converted to the corresponding free base or acid by various methods known to the person skilled in the art.

Furthermore, amidines can be present as free compounds or partially (depending on the preparation if acetic acid is involved) as acetate salts or acetate solvates.

In the case of the synthesis intermediates and working examples of the invention described hereinafter, any compound specified in the form of a salt of the corresponding base or acid is generally a salt of unknown exact stoichiometric composition, as obtained by the respective preparation and/or purification process. Unless specified in more detail, additions to names and structural formulae, such as “hydrochloride”, “trifluoroacetate”, “sodium salt” or “x hydrochloric acid, “×CF 3 COOH”, “×Na + ” should not therefore be understood in a stoichiometric sense in the case of such salts, but have merely descriptive character with regard to the salt-forming components present therein.

This applies correspondingly if synthesis intermediates or working examples or salts thereof were obtained in the form of solvates, for example hydrates, of unknown stoichiometric composition (if they are of a defined type) by the preparation and/or purification processes described.

Furthermore, the secondary amides according to the invention may be present as rotational isomers/isomer mixtures, in particular in NMR studies. Purity figures are generally based on corresponding peak integrations in the LC/MS chromatogram, but may additionally also have been determined with the aid of the 1 H NMR spectrum. If no purity is indicated, the purity is generally 100% according to automated peak integration in the LC/MS chromatogram, or the purity has not been determined explicitly.

Stated yields in % of theory are generally corrected for purity if a purity of <100% is indicated. In solvent-containing or contaminated batches, the formal yield may be “>100%”; in these cases the yield is not corrected for solvent or purity.

In all 1 H NMR spectra data, the chemical shifts δ[ppm]=are stated in ppm.

The multiplicities of proton signals in 1 H NMR spectra reported in the paragraphs which follow represent the signal form observed in each case and do not take account of any higher-order signal phenomena. In general, the stated chemical shift refers to the centre of the signal in question. In the case of broad multiplets, an interval is given. Signals obscured by solvent or water were either tentatively assigned or have not been listed. Significantly broadened signals—caused, for example, by rapid rotation of molecular moieties or because of exchanging protons—were likewise assigned tentatively (often referred to as a broad multiplet or broad singlet) or are not listed.

Melting points and melting point ranges, if stated, are uncorrected.

The 1 H NMR data of selected synthesis intermediates and working examples are stated in the form of 1 H NMR peak lists. For each signal peak, first the δ[ppm]=value in ppm and then the signal intensity in round brackets are listed. The δ[ppm]=value/signal intensity number pairs for different signal peaks are listed with separation from one another by commas. The peak list for an example therefore takes the following form: δ[ppm]= 1 (intensity 1 ), δ[ppm]= 2 (intensity 2 ), . . . , δ[ppm]= i (intensity i ), . . . , δ[ppm]= n (intensity n ).

The intensity of sharp signals correlates with the height of the signals in a printed example of an NMR spectrum in cm and shows the true ratios of the signal intensities in comparison with other signals. In the case of broad signals, several peaks or the middle of the signal and the relative intensity thereof may be shown in comparison to the most intense signal in the spectrum. The lists of the 1 H NMR peaks are similar to the conventional 1 H NMR printouts and thus usually contain all peaks listed in a conventional NMR interpretation. In addition, like conventional 1 H NMR printouts, they may show solvent signals, signals of stereoisomers of the target compounds which are likewise provided by the invention, and/or peaks of impurities. The peaks of stereoisomers of the target compounds and/or peaks of impurities usually have a lower intensity on average than the peaks of the target compounds (for example with a purity of >90%). Such stereoisomers and/or impurities may be typical of the particular preparation process. Their peaks can thus help in identifying reproduction of our preparation process with reference to “by-product fingerprints”. An expert calculating the peaks of the target compounds by known methods (MestreC, ACD simulation, or using empirically evaluated expected values) can, if required, isolate the peaks of the target compounds, optionally using additional intensity filters. This isolation would be similar to the peak picking in question in conventional 1 H NMR interpretation. A detailed description of the presentation of NMR data in the form of peak lists can be found in the publication “Citation of NMR Peaklist Data within Patent Applications” (cf. Research Disclosure Database Number 605005, 2014, 1 Aug. 2014 or http://www.researchdisclosure.com/searching-disclosures). In the peak picking routine described in Research Disclosure Database Number 605005, the parameter “MinimumHeight” can be set between 1% and 4%. Depending on the type of chemical structure and/or depending on the concentration of the compound to be analysed, it may be advisable to set the parameters “MinimumHeight” to values of <1%.

›A. EXAMPLES · 3 of 57

All reactants or reagents whose preparation is not described explicitly hereinafter were purchased commercially from generally accessible sources. For all other reactants or reagents whose preparation likewise is not described hereinafter and which were not commercially obtainable or were obtained from sources which are not generally accessible, a reference is given to the published literature in which their preparation is described.

In the intermediates and working examples described hereinafter, a “5RS” identifier in the IUPAC name of the example in question, in conjunction with the term “racemate”, means that this is a racemic mixture of the 5R enantiomer (→1st letter after the position number in “5RS”) with the corresponding 5S enantiomers (→2nd letter after the position number). The “5RS” identifier in conjunction with the statements “enantiomer 1” and “enantiomer 2” means that these are the two enantiomers in separate, isolated form, without having undertaken an assignment of the absolute configuration (5R or 5S) to these enantiomers. Similar identifiers such as “5SR” that arise from the altered priority and/or sequence of named constituents owing to the IUPAC nomenclature rules should be interpreted in an analogous manner according to these instructions.

In the intermediates and working examples described hereinafter, a “5RS,7RS” identifier in the IUPAC name of the example in question, in conjunction with the term “racemate”, means that this is a racemic mixture of the 5R,7R enantiomer (→1st letter in each case after the position number in “5RS,7RS”) with the corresponding 5S,7S enantiomer (→2nd letter in each case after the position number). The “5RS,7RS” identifier in conjunction with the statements “enantiomer 1” and “enantiomer 2” means that these are the two enantiomers in separate, isolated form, without having undertaken an assignment of the absolute configuration (5R,7R or 5S,7S) to these enantiomers. Similar identifiers such as “5SR,7SR” that arise from the altered priority and/or sequence of named constituents owing to the IUPAC nomenclature rules should be interpreted in an analogous manner according to these instructions.

The (5S) configuration was assigned on the basis of crystal structure elucidation for Example 26, 108, 113, 157, 237, 358 and 454. In analogy, the (5S) configuration was assigned for examples 183-188, 190-219, 275-279, 342-402, 404-415, 418-563.

Starting Compounds and Intermediates

Intermediate 1

Methyl 3-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinate

3-Fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinic acid (1.00 g, 4.78 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (10 ml), and sulphuric acid (310 μl, 5.7 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was heated to 60° C. for 30 minutes and then stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with saturated sodium hydrogencarbonate solution. The organic phase was dried over sodium sulphate and filtered and the filtrate was concentrated. 890 mg (70% purity, 58% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =1.15 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=224 [M+H] +

Intermediate 2

[3-Fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]methanol

Methyl 3-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinate (890 mg, 70% purity, 3.99 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (5.0 ml), and sodium borohydride (166 mg, 4.39 mmol) was added in portions at 0° C. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution and the methanol was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was admixed with ethyl acetate and water. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 420 mg (54% of theory) of the title compound were obtained. The compound was converted further directly.

Intermediate 3

4-(Chloromethyl)-3-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine Hydrochloride

[3-Fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]methanol (420 mg, 2.15 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (10 ml), and thionyl dichloride (310 μl, 4.3 mmol) was added at room temperature. After the reaction mixture had been stirred at room temperature overnight, thionyl dichloride (310 μl, 4.3 mmol) again and a drop of dimethylformamide were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for one hour and then thionyl dichloride (620 μl, 8.6 mmol) and one drop of dimethylformamide were added again. After stirring at room temperature again for 2 hours, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. 379 mg (70% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

GC-MS (Method 2): R t =2.74 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=213 [M+H] +

Intermediate 4

5-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methanol

Methyl 5-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxylate (412 mg, 1.72 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (20 ml), and sodium borohydride (78.1 mg, 2.06 mmol) was added in portions at 0° C. After at room temperature stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed again with sodium borohydride (35 mg, 0.9 mmol). After stirring for 2 days at room temperature, the reaction mixture was admixed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution and the methanol was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was admixed with ethyl acetate and water. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 295 mg (77% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.32 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=212 [M+H] +

Intermediate 5

5-Chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine Hydrochloride

[5-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methanol (295 mg, 1.39 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (20 ml), and thionyl dichloride (200 μl, 2.8 mmol) was added at room temperature. After the reaction mixture had been stirred at room temperature for 72 hours, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. 274 mg (85% purity, 63% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

›A. EXAMPLES · 4 of 57

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.008 (0.42), 3.937 (2.06), 4.644 (1.11), 4.903 (16.00), 7.839 (0.47), 8.078 (5.73), 8.296 (0.43), 8.857 (0.51), 8.957 (5.04), 9.102 (0.45).

Intermediate 6

4-(Chloromethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline Hydrochloride

[2-(Trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]methanol (350 mg, 1.54 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (10 ml), and thionyl dichloride (220 μl, 3.1 mmol) was added at 0° C. After the reaction mixture had been stirred at room temperature overnight, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 336 mg (74% purity, 57% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =1.06 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=246 [M+H] +

Intermediate 7

4-(Chloromethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine Hydrochloride

[2-(Trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]methanol (313 mg, 1.76 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (10 ml), and thionyl dichloride (260 μl, 3.5 mmol) was added at room temperature. After the reaction mixture had been stirred at room temperature for 4 hours, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. 134 mg (61% purity, 20% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 3.678 (0.60), 4.946 (16.00), 5.366 (0.57), 7.993 (2.80), 8.006 (2.88), 9.129 (3.11), 9.142 (3.06).

Intermediate 8

Methyl 6-[1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)hydrazino]pyridine-2-carboxylate

Methyl 6-chloropyridine-2-carboxylate (32.5 g, 189 mmol), tert-butyl hydrazinecarboxylate (25.0 g, 189 mmol) and caesium carbonate (61.6 g, 189 mmol) in toluene (325 ml) were degassed with argon, before [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II) (6.9 g, 10 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 100° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane and filtered through kieselguhr. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified via column chromatography (silica gel, eluent: methanol/dichloromethane 4/96). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure and stirred with methyl tert-butyl ether. 28.8 g (57% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 5): R t =3.45 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=268 [M+H] +

Intermediate 9

2-(Diazan-2-ium-1-yl)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)pyridinium Dichloride

Methyl 6-{1-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]hydrazino}pyridine-2-carboxylate (29.8 g, 112 mmol) was dissolved in dioxane (150 ml), and hydrochloric acid (112 ml, 446 mmol, 4 M in dioxane) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h and diluted with methyl tert-butyl ether (500 ml). After stirring for 1 h, the solids were filtered off, washed with methyl tert-butyl ether and dried. 28.8 g (>100%) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 5): R t =0.88 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=168 [M+H] +

Intermediate 10

Methyl 3-oxo-2,3-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

2-(Diazan-2-ium-1-yl)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)pyridinium dichloride (28.8 g, 112 mmol) was dissolved in THF (500 ml), and triethylamine (46 ml, 335 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 min. Subsequently, 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole (19.9 g, 123 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was taken up in dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid and extracted with dichloromethane/methanol 9/1. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was suspended in ethyl acetate and stirred overnight. After filtration and drying, 11.4 g (53% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 5): R t =1.40 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=194 [M+H] +

Intermediate 11

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

Methyl 3-oxo-2,3-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (17.6 g, 91.1 mmol) and palladium on charcoal (1.0 g, 10%) were suspended in methanol (500 ml) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature in a hydrogen atmosphere (10 bar) overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered through kieselguhr. The filtrate was concentrated, and 17.8 g (99% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 5): R t =1.35 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=198 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (500 MHz, MeOD) δ [ppm]=1.64-1.74 (br, 1H), 1.89-1.97 (br, 1H), 2.15-2.29 (br, 2H), 2.60-2.69 (m, 1H), 2.77 (dt, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 4.63 (dd, 1H).

Intermediate 12

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Enantiomer 1)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) was separated by chiral preparative SFC [sample preparation: 33.20 g dissolved in 200 ml of methanol; injection volume: 4.0 ml; column: Daicel Chiralpak® IC 20 μm, 360×50 mm; eluent: CO 2 /i-propanol 80/20; flow rate: 400 g/min; temperature 35° C.; UV detection: 210 nm]. After the separation, 15.7 g of enantiomer 1, which eluted first, and 15.8 g of enantiomer 2, which eluted later, were isolated.

Enantiomer 1

Analytical chiral SFC: R t =2.76 min, d.e.=100% [column: Daicel Chiralpak® IC 50×4.6 mm; eluent: CO 2 /i-propanol 80:20; flow rate: 3 ml/min; UV detection: 210 nm].

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =0.54 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=198 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]=1.45-1.60 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.84 (m, 1H), 1.98-2.17 (m, 2H), 2.48-2.58 (m, 1H), 2.59-2.68 (m, 1H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 4.51 (dd, 1H), 11.42 (s, 1H).

Intermediate 13

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Enantiomer 2)

›A. EXAMPLES · 5 of 57

Enantiomer 2

Analytical chiral SFC: R t =3.90 min, d.e.=100% [column: Daicel Chiralpak® IC 50×4.6 mm; eluent: CO 2 /i-propanol 80:20; flow rate: 3 ml/min; UV detection: 210 nm].

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =0.54 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=198 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]=1.42-1.59 (m, 1H), 1.72-1.86 (m, 1H), 1.96-2.17 (m, 2H), 2.44-2.59 (m, 1H), 2.59-2.69 (m, 1H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 4.51 (dd, 1H), 11.42 (s, 1H).

The (5S) configuration was assigned on the basis of the crystal structure elucidation for Example 26, 108, 113, 157, 237, 358 and 454.

Methyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

Intermediate 14

Methyl 1-(4-methoxybenzyl)hydrazinecarboxylate

(4-Methoxybenzyl)hydrazine dihydrochloride (1.50 g, 80% purity, 5.33 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (50 ml), triethylamine (2.6 ml, 19 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. This mixture was subsequently cooled to 0° C., and methyl carbonochloridate (450 μl, 5.9 mmol), dissolved in dichloromethane (10 ml), was added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water. The organic phase was removed, washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via column chromatography (silica gel, eluent: cyclohexane/ethyl acetate gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 1.04 g (92% purity, 85% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.08 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=211 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.988 (0.46), 3.314 (7.32), 3.541 (0.79), 3.622 (16.00), 4.397 (7.56), 4.553 (4.94), 6.861 (0.47), 6.868 (3.43), 6.873 (1.30), 6.885 (1.38), 6.890 (3.96), 6.897 (0.47), 7.161 (3.22), 7.182 (2.79).

Intermediate 15

Methyl (2S)-6-oxopiperidine-2-carboxylate (Enantiomer)

To an initial charge of methanol (15 ml) at 0° C. were added thionyl dichloride (560 μl, 7.7 mmol) and then, in portions, (2S)-6-oxopiperidine-2-carboxylic acid (1.00 g, 6.99 mmol). After stirring at room temperature overnight, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was admixed with toluene and triethylamine (1.9 ml, 14 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 805 mg (70% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.26 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=158 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: −0.008 (1.70), 0.008 (1.69), 1.541 (0.78), 1.550 (1.05), 1.560 (1.24), 1.566 (1.90), 1.575 (2.78), 1.584 (3.48), 1.591 (3.19), 1.594 (3.57), 1.600 (4.36), 1.610 (3.31), 1.619 (4.16), 1.628 (3.71), 1.636 (3.43), 1.644 (5.02), 1.652 (4.23), 1.660 (4.33), 1.668 (4.60), 1.676 (2.96), 1.684 (2.78), 1.693 (1.99), 1.702 (1.75), 1.708 (1.01), 1.717 (0.85), 1.745 (1.91), 1.754 (2.09), 1.759 (2.49), 1.768 (2.39), 1.778 (3.46), 1.787 (3.35), 1.793 (3.60), 1.802 (3.22), 1.810 (2.52), 1.819 (1.83), 1.901 (2.92), 1.910 (3.42), 1.916 (3.20), 1.925 (4.72), 1.935 (4.50), 1.941 (3.46), 1.949 (4.49), 1.959 (3.35), 1.968 (1.78), 1.974 (1.91), 1.983 (1.62), 2.097 (0.90), 2.113 (0.85), 2.128 (11.31), 2.141 (16.00), 2.148 (10.19), 2.156 (7.22), 2.164 (7.72), 2.188 (0.61), 2.192 (0.69), 2.208 (0.70), 2.289 (0.72), 2.306 (1.34), 2.324 (0.85), 2.523 (0.72), 3.168 (4.31), 3.311 (4.19), 3.409 (0.45), 3.480 (0.73), 3.581 (8.47), 3.635 (7.91), 3.849 (0.72), 4.049 (4.37), 4.055 (4.73), 4.063 (8.78), 4.069 (8.78), 4.077 (4.66), 4.083 (4.33), 7.542 (6.15).

Intermediate 16

Methyl (5S)-2-(4-methoxybenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Enantiomer)

Methyl (2S)-6-oxopiperidine-2-carboxylate (enantiomer) (300 mg, 1.91 mmol) was initially charged in dichloromethane (6.0 ml, 93 mmol) at room temperature and under argon. Subsequently, trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate (311 mg, 2.10 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 days. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was admixed with DMF (5 ml). Subsequently, methyl 1-(4-methoxybenzyl)hydrazinecarboxylate (401 mg, 1.91 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 170° C. for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was admixed with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 156 mg (26% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.20 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=318 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: −0.008 (1.02), 1.784 (0.43), 1.795 (0.46), 2.045 (0.41), 2.055 (0.68), 2.068 (0.64), 2.076 (0.62), 2.084 (0.47), 2.092 (0.40), 2.100 (0.48), 2.112 (0.44), 2.120 (0.47), 2.128 (0.45), 2.564 (0.76), 2.578 (0.61), 2.603 (0.56), 2.615 (1.06), 2.627 (0.59), 2.657 (0.47), 2.669 (0.42), 2.829 (0.43), 3.700 (14.01), 3.730 (16.00), 3.743 (0.70), 4.581 (0.93), 4.591 (1.04), 4.597 (1.20), 4.607 (0.91), 4.749 (6.71), 6.882 (3.25), 6.903 (3.86), 7.161 (3.37), 7.183 (2.94).

Intermediate 17

Methyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Enantiomer)

Methyl (5S)-2-(4-methoxybenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (155 mg, 488 μmol) (enantiomer) was dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid (4.5 ml), and the mixture was stirred at 150° C. in a microwave apparatus for one hour. Saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution was added to the reaction mixture, and the solution was adjusted to pH 7 with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution. Dichloromethane was added, and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with dichloromethane. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via column chromatography (silica gel, eluent: dichloromethane/methanol gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, admixed with ethyl acetate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated down to one millilitre, and the product was crystallized with 10 ml of petroleum ether. The solids were filtered off and dried under reduced pressure. 53.1 mg (53% of theory) of the title compound were obtained with an ee of 88%.

›A. EXAMPLES · 6 of 57

The enantiomeric excess is determined via analytical chiral HPLC:

Comparative values for racemate:

Analytical chiral HPLC: enantiomer 1 R t =3.40, enantiomer 2 R t =4.09 min, ratio 1:1 [column: Daicel Chiraltek® AY-3 3 μm 50×4.6 mm; eluent: i-hexane/ethanol 1:1, flow rate: 1 ml/min; UV detection: 220 nm]

Enantiomer:

Analytical chiral HPLC: enantiomer 1 R t =3.35, enantiomer 2 R t =4.01 min, ratio 6:94 [column: Daicel Chiraltek® AY-3 3 μm 50×4.6 mm; eluent: i-hexane/ethanol 1:1, flow rate: 1 ml/min; UV detection: 220 nm]

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.506 (0.41), 1.540 (0.44), 1.774 (0.50), 1.787 (0.56), 1.800 (0.48), 1.808 (0.40), 2.026 (0.49), 2.037 (0.75), 2.050 (0.70), 2.061 (0.71), 2.069 (0.52), 2.077 (0.48), 2.085 (0.55), 2.096 (0.54), 2.105 (0.55), 2.113 (0.53), 2.560 (0.95), 2.574 (0.73), 2.601 (0.65), 2.613 (1.22), 2.626 (0.67), 2.655 (0.55), 2.669 (0.46), 3.586 (0.54), 3.687 (16.00), 4.496 (1.07), 4.506 (1.20), 4.511 (1.37), 4.521 (1.06), 11.424 (1.40).

The (5S) configuration was assigned on the basis of the crystal structure elucidation for Example 26, 108, 113, 157, 237, 358 and 454.

Intermediate 18

Methyl (5RS)-2-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-methyl-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-2-methyl-6-oxopiperidine-2-carboxylate (racemate) (500 mg, 93% purity, 2.72 mmol, CAS 89115-90-2) was initially charged in dichloromethane (10 ml) at room temperature and under argon. Subsequently, trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate (442 mg, 2.99 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 days. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was admixed with DMF (5 ml). Subsequently, methyl 1-(4-methoxybenzyl)hydrazinecarboxylate (571 mg, 2.72 mmol, 92% purity) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 170° C. for 8 hours. The reaction mixture was admixed with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 186 mg (91% purity, 19% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.42 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=332 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.589 (0.43), 1.597 (0.42), 1.606 (0.51), 1.623 (0.42), 1.697 (11.51), 1.769 (0.47), 1.782 (0.56), 1.802 (0.43), 1.907 (0.40), 1.935 (0.74), 1.942 (0.63), 1.960 (0.63), 2.023 (0.59), 2.030 (0.65), 2.042 (0.59), 2.050 (0.53), 2.058 (0.40), 2.570 (2.79), 2.586 (1.50), 2.829 (3.14), 3.531 (0.70), 3.645 (0.69), 3.665 (13.44), 3.730 (16.00), 3.742 (4.13), 4.677 (0.71), 4.716 (2.98), 4.736 (2.97), 4.774 (0.71), 5.753 (5.67), 6.885 (3.42), 6.906 (4.16), 6.922 (0.90), 7.148 (3.49), 7.169 (3.14), 7.232 (0.92), 7.253 (0.84), 7.632 (0.93).

Intermediate 19

Methyl (5RS)-methyl-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

Methyl 2-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-methyl-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (186 mg, 560 μmol) was dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid (5.0 ml), and the mixture was stirred at 150° C. (microwave apparatus) for one hour. Saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution was added to the reaction mixture, and the solution was adjusted to pH 7 with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution. Dichloromethane was added, and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with dichloromethane. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via column chromatography (silica gel, eluent: dichloromethane/methanol gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 40.5 mg (34% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =0.70 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=212 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.008 (0.64), 0.008 (0.61), 1.622 (0.54), 1.631 (0.51), 1.640 (0.78), 1.654 (15.63), 1.757 (0.51), 1.771 (0.63), 1.777 (0.57), 1.785 (0.46), 1.792 (0.52), 1.880 (0.46), 1.887 (0.52), 1.903 (0.40), 1.915 (0.92), 1.922 (0.83), 1.938 (0.81), 1.946 (0.65), 1.990 (0.78), 1.998 (0.84), 2.010 (0.73), 2.018 (0.68), 2.025 (0.49), 2.033 (0.43), 2.045 (0.43), 2.568 (3.91), 2.584 (1.91), 3.309 (16.00), 11.369 (1.45).

Intermediate 20

tert-Butyl 6-chloropyridine-2-carboxylate

6-Chloropicolinic acid (80.0 g, 0.51 mol) was dissolved in pyridine (300 ml) and tert-butanol (1.60 l), then p-toluenesulphonyl chloride (194 g, 1.02 mol) was added in portions. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. After addition of saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated to a volume of 1.50 l and diluted with heptane (500 ml), ethyl acetate (500 ml) and water (500 ml). The organic phase was removed, washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over magnesium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 104 g (96% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ [ppm]=1.61 (s, 9H), 7.45-7.48 (dd, 1H), 7.74-7.77 (t, 1H), 7.93-7.95 (dd, 1H).

Intermediate 21

tert-Butyl 6-{1-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]hydrazino}pyridine-2-carboxylate

tert-Butyl 6-chloropyridine-2-carboxylate (91.1 g, 0.43 mol), benzyl hydrazinecarboxylate (70.9 g, 0.43 mol), caesium carbonate (174 g, 0.53 mol) and 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (17.1 g, 32.0 mmol) were suspended in toluene (1.00 l) under argon. Bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium(0) (9.76 g, 10.7 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 3 h. The reaction mixture was admixed with water and ethyl acetate, filtered through kieselguhr and washed through with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed, washed with water and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over magnesium sulphate and filtered. The filtrate was admixed with silica gel, stirred for 10 min, then filtered and washed through with ethyl acetate. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was purified via column chromatography (silica gel, eluent: heptane/ethyl acetate 4/1, 2/1, 1/1). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 112 g (77% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

›A. EXAMPLES · 7 of 57

LC-MS (Method 7): R t =0.81 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=344 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ [ppm]=1.59 (s, 9H), 5.30 (s, 2H), 7.31-7.39 (m, 3H), 7.42-7.45 (m, 2H), 7.76-7.78 (m, 2H), 7.98-8.12 (dd, 1H).

Intermediate 22

tert-Butyl 6-hydrazinopyridine-2-carboxylate

tert-Butyl 6-{1-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]hydrazino}pyridine-2-carboxylate (112 g, 0.33 mol) and palladium on charcoal (11.2 g, 5%) were suspended in toluene (100 ml) and methanol (1.12 l), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature in a hydrogen atmosphere (1 bar) overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered through kieselguhr and washed with methanol. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and 79.9 g (>100%) of the title compound were obtained.

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ [ppm]=1.61 (s, 9H), 6.92-6.95 (d, 1H), 7.38-7.41 (d, 1H), 7.53-7.58 (dd, 1H).

Intermediate 23

tert-Butyl 3-oxo-2,3-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

tert-Butyl 6-hydrazinopyridine-2-carboxylate (79.9 g, 0.33 mol) was dissolved in THF (1.40 l), and 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole (74.3 g, 0.46 mol) was added at room temperature while stirring. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. After addition of water (1.0 l), the mixture was stirred for 15 min and volatile solvents were removed under reduced pressure. The aqueous residue was saturated with sodium chloride and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The organic phase was removed, dried over magnesium sulphate and silica gel, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was purified via column chromatography (SiO 2 ; eluent: heptane/ethyl acetate 4/1, 2/1, 1/1, 1/2). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 62.4 g (80% of theory over two stages) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 7): R t =0.50 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=180 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ [ppm]=1.62 (s, 9H), 6.62-6.64 (dd, 1H), 7.00-7.06 (dd, 1H), 7.15-7.19 (dd, 1H), 10.86 (br s, 1H).

Intermediate 24

tert-Butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

tert-Butyl 3-oxo-2,3-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (34.5 g, 0.15 mol) and palladium on charcoal (6.90 g, 5%) were suspended in toluene (60 ml) and methanol (500 ml), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature in a hydrogen atmosphere (34.5 bar) for 24 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through kieselguhr and washed with dichloromethane/methanol 9/1. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was stirred with ethyl acetate for 30 min, then filtered and concentrated. 36.8 g (89% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 7): R t =1.28 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=240 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ [ppm]=0.53 (s, 9H), 0.74-0.91 (m, 1H), 1.01-1.13 (m, 1H), 1.21-1.32 (m, 1H), 1.47-1.56 (m, 1H), 1.88-2.00 (m, 1H), 2.17-2.26 (dt, 1H), 4.29-4.34 (dd, 1H), 11.9 (br s, 1H).

Intermediate 25

tert-Butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Enantiomer 2)

tert-Butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) was separated by chiral preparative SFC [sample preparation: 6.00 g dissolved in 88 ml of methanol; injection volume: 4.5 ml; column: Daicel Chiralpak® IC 20 μm, 370×50 mm; eluent: CO 2 /i-propanol: 0.0 min 35% i-propanol, flow rate: 200 g/min; 14.0 min 35% isopropanol, flow rate: 200 g/min; 15.0 min 60% i-propanol, flow rate: 115 g/min; 37.0 min 60% i-propanol, flow rate: 115 g/min; 38.0 min 35% i-propanol, flow rate: 200 g/min; 42.0 min 35% i-propanol, flow rate: 200 g/min; temperature 38° C.; UV detection: 210 nm]. After the separation, 2.78 g of enantiomer 1, which eluted first, and 2.79 g of enantiomer 2, which eluted later, were isolated.

Enantiomer 2

Analytical chiral SFC: R t =4.20 min, d.e.=100% [column: Daicel Chiralpak® IC 50×4.6 mm; eluent: CO 2 /i-propanol 70:30; flow rate: 3 ml/min; UV detection: 210 nm].

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.60 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=239 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]=1.41 (s, 9H), 1.49 (dq, 1H), 1.72-1.84 (m, 1H), 1.95-2.10 (m, 2H), 2.46-2.56 (m, 1H), 2.59-2.68 (m, 1H), 4.35 (t, 1H), 11.36 (s, 1H).

The (5S) configuration was assigned on the basis of the crystal structure elucidation for Example 26, 108, 113, 157, 237, 358 and 454.

tert-Butyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

Intermediate 26

tert-Butyl (5RS)3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Enantiomer 1)

Enantiomer 1

Analytical chiral SFC: R t =1.67 min, d.e.=100% [column: Daicel Chiralpak® IC 50×4.6 mm; eluent: CO 2 /i-propanol 70:30; flow rate: 3 ml/min; UV detection: 210 nm].

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.60 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=239 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]=1.41 (s, 9H), 1.49 (dq, 1H), 1.81 (dt, 1H), 2.00-2.10 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.56 (m, 1H), 2.58-2.67 (m, 1H), 4.35 (t, 1H), 11.36 (s, 1H).

Intermediate 27

tert-Butyl 6-chloro-4-methylpyridine-2-carboxylate

6-Chloro-4-methylpyridine-2-carboxylic acid (2.50 g, 14.6 mmol) was dissolved in pyridine (10 ml) and tert-butanol (50 ml, 520 mmol), and 4-methylbenzenesulphonyl chloride (5.56 g, 29.1 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight and diluted with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution and cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 90/10. The organic phase was separated off and the aqueous phase was extracted with cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 90/10. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 2.89 g (87% purity, 75% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

›A. EXAMPLES · 8 of 57

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: 1.325 (0.86), 1.340 (0.86), 1.553 (16.00), 7.614 (0.68), 7.830 (0.80).

Intermediate 28

tert-Butyl 6-{1-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]hydrazino}-4-methylpyridine-2-carboxylate

Under argon, tert-butyl 6-chloro-4-methylpyridine-2-carboxylate (2.89 g, 12.7 mmol) and benzyl hydrazinecarboxylate (2.32 g, 14.0 mmol) were dissolved in toluene (32 ml), and 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (657 mg, 635 μmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium-chloroform complex (704 mg, 1.27 mmol) and caesium carbonate (4.96 g, 15.2 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 4 h and then water and ethyl acetate were added. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over magnesium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via column chromatography (silica gel; eluent: isocratic, methanol/dichloromethane 4/96). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 4.25 g (86% purity, 81% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.96 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=358 [M+H]

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: 1.317 (0.87), 1.329 (0.87), 1.549 (16.00), 2.387 (5.39), 5.192 (4.02), 5.277 (3.65), 7.314 (0.79), 7.331 (1.05), 7.344 (1.30), 7.360 (1.75), 7.380 (0.82), 7.421 (2.12), 7.440 (1.40), 7.618 (1.55), 7.649 (1.81).

Intermediate 29

tert-Butyl 7-methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

To an initial charge of palladium on charcoal (299 mg, 10%) under argon were added tert-butyl 6-{1-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]hydrazino}-4-methylpyridine-2-carboxylate (1.80 g, 5.04 mmol) in methanol (20 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred in a hydrogen atmosphere (1 bar) at room temperature overnight. The suspension was diluted with methanol, filtered through kieselguhr and washed through with methanol. The reaction mixture was concentrated and converted further directly.

The residue was dissolved in THF (40 ml), and di-1H-imidazol-1-ylmethanone (980 mg, 6.04 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 1.05 g (90% purity, 75% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =0.98 min; MS (ESIneg): m/z=248 [M−H] −

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: 1.536 (16.00), 1.553 (0.97), 2.218 (3.39), 3.318 (0.65), 6.597 (1.20), 7.051 (0.96), 12.345 (0.65).

Intermediate 30

tert-Butyl (5RS,7RS)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Diastereomer Mixture; 4 Isomers)

To an initial charge of palladium on charcoal (740 mg, 10%) under argon were added tert-butyl 7-methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (3.1 g, 12.44 mmol) in methanol (124 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred in a hydrogen atmosphere (1 bar) at room temperature overnight. The suspension was diluted with methanol and filtered through kieselguhr and washed through with methanol. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was taken up in methanol (124 ml) and admixed with palladium on charcoal (740 mg, 10%). The reaction mixture was stirred in a hydrogen atmosphere (2 bar) at room temperature for 48 h. The suspension was diluted with methanol and filtered through kieselguhr and washed through with methanol. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and 2.71 g (86% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.24 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=507 [2M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.015 (2.13), 1.032 (2.20), 1.400 (0.73), 1.405 (1.16), 1.416 (16.00), 1.432 (0.48), 2.181 (0.46), 2.209 (0.56), 4.184 (0.45), 4.195 (0.43), 11.342 (0.73).

Intermediate 31

Ethyl 6-{1-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]hydrazino}-3-methylpyridine-2-carboxylate

Under argon, ethyl 6-chloro-3-methylpyridine-2-carboxylate (970 mg, 4.86 mmol) and benzyl hydrazinecarboxylate (969 mg, 5.83 mmol) were dissolved in toluene (9.7 ml), and tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium-chloroform complex (251 mg, 243 μmol), 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (269 mg, 486 μmol) and caesium carbonate (1.90 g, 5.83 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 4 h and then water and ethyl acetate were added. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over magnesium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via column chromatography (SiO 2 ; eluent: isocratic, methanol/dichloromethane 8/92). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 1.89 g (47% purity, 55% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.89 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=330 [M+H]

Intermediate 32

Ethyl 6-hydrazino-3-methylpyridine-2-carboxylate Dihydrochloride

To an initial charge of palladium on charcoal (232 mg, 10%) under argon were added ethyl 6-{1-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]hydrazino}-3-methylpyridine-2-carboxylate (1.89 g, 5.74 mmol) in methanol (60 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred in a hydrogen atmosphere (1 bar) at room temperature overnight. The suspension was diluted with methanol and filtered through kieselguhr and washed through with methanol. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was taken up in dioxane and admixed with dioxane/hydrochloric acid (4M). The precipitated solids were filtered and washed with methyl tert-butyl ether and converted further directly.

Intermediate 33

Ethyl 6-methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

Ethyl 6-hydrazino-3-methylpyridine-2-carboxylate dihydrochloride (419 mg, 1.56 mmol) was taken up in THF (12 ml), and di-1H-imidazol-1-ylmethanone (261 mg, 1.61 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was admixed with water and dichloromethane, and basified with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over magnesium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 347 mg (89% purity, 104% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

›A. EXAMPLES · 9 of 57

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =0.77 min; MS (ESIneg): m/z=220 [M−H] −

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.282 (5.00), 1.299 (10.60), 1.317 (5.79), 1.335 (0.84), 1.356 (2.69), 2.078 (16.00), 2.118 (0.45), 2.280 (0.45), 2.395 (0.71), 2.428 (0.75), 4.331 (1.67), 4.349 (4.92), 4.367 (4.80), 4.385 (1.58), 7.060 (2.57), 7.084 (3.35), 7.239 (3.24), 7.263 (2.51), 7.632 (0.45), 12.533 (1.43).

Intermediate 34

Ethyl (5RS,6RS)-6-methyl-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Diastereomer Mixture; 4 Isomers)

To an initial charge of palladium on charcoal (63 mg, 10%) under argon were added ethyl 6-methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (297 mg, 1.34 mmol) in methanol (10 ml), and the reaction mixture was stirred in a hydrogen atmosphere (1 bar) at room temperature overnight. The suspension was diluted with methanol and filtered through kieselguhr and washed through with methanol. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure.

The residue was dissolved in methanol (5.0 ml) and, after addition of palladium on charcoal (25 mg, 10%), the reaction mixture was stirred in a hydrogen atmosphere (1 bar) at room temperature overnight. The suspension was diluted with methanol and filtered through kieselguhr and washed through with methanol. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and 117 mg (39% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =0.93 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=226 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.015 (11.82), 1.033 (12.24), 1.175 (7.82), 1.193 (16.00), 1.211 (8.16), 1.236 (0.40), 1.428 (0.40), 1.441 (0.50), 1.459 (1.16), 1.473 (1.29), 1.492 (1.47), 1.505 (1.43), 1.522 (0.71), 1.536 (0.62), 1.691 (1.35), 1.698 (1.45), 1.706 (1.50), 1.717 (0.89), 1.724 (1.18), 1.732 (1.11), 1.739 (1.07), 2.246 (0.67), 2.252 (0.78), 2.263 (1.08), 2.269 (1.18), 2.278 (1.20), 2.284 (1.18), 2.292 (1.12), 2.299 (1.03), 2.309 (0.72), 2.316 (0.63), 2.557 (1.30), 2.569 (1.98), 2.584 (1.68), 2.600 (1.66), 2.615 (1.39), 2.656 (1.71), 2.661 (2.10), 2.669 (2.15), 2.675 (1.92), 2.698 (0.96), 2.703 (1.08), 2.711 (1.03), 2.717 (0.80), 4.098 (0.91), 4.107 (1.22), 4.116 (1.20), 4.125 (4.30), 4.134 (1.05), 4.142 (6.35), 4.151 (1.07), 4.160 (4.32), 4.169 (1.26), 4.178 (1.27), 4.187 (0.95), 4.419 (4.25), 4.435 (4.22), 11.412 (1.99).

Intermediate 35

Ethyl 6-hydrazino-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxylate

Under argon, ethyl 6-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxylate (1000 mg, 3.94 mmol) and benzyl hydrazinecarboxylate (721 mg, 4.34 mmol) were dissolved in toluene (10 ml), and tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium-chloroform complex (204 mg, 197 μmol), 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (219 mg, 394 μmol) and caesium carbonate (1.54 g, 4.73 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 4 h and water and ethyl acetate were added. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over magnesium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via column chromatography (SiO 2 ; eluent: isocratic, methanol/dichloromethane 8/92). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue obtained was converted further directly. The residue was dissolved in methanol (50 ml) under argon, and palladium on charcoal (223 mg, 10%) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred in a hydrogen atmosphere (1 bar) at room temperature overnight. Further palladium on charcoal (223 mg, 10%) was added, and the mixture was stirred in a hydrogen atmosphere (1 bar) at room temperature overnight. The suspension was diluted with methanol, filtered through kieselguhr and washed through with methanol. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 385 mg (93% purity, 38% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =0.91 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=250 [M+H] +

Intermediate 36

Ethyl 3-oxo-7-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

Ethyl 6-hydrazino-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxylate (384 mg, 1.54 mmol) was initially charged in THF (19 ml), di-1H-imidazol-1-ylmethanone (300 mg, 1.85 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was admixed with water and dichloromethane. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with dichloromethane. The combined organic phases were washed with water and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over magnesium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 391 mg (94% purity, 87% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.71 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=276 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: 1.299 (7.46), 1.316 (16.00), 1.334 (7.58), 1.345 (0.42), 1.357 (1.20), 1.363 (0.66), 2.525 (0.47), 4.336 (2.37), 4.354 (7.32), 4.371 (7.27), 4.389 (2.27), 7.044 (4.79), 7.048 (4.79), 7.954 (2.71), 7.957 (3.98), 7.960 (2.90).

Intermediate 37

Ethyl (5RS,7RS)-3-oxo-7-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Diastereomer Mixture; 4 Isomers)

To an initial charge of palladium on charcoal (30 mg, 10%) under argon were added ethyl 3-oxo-7-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (100 mg, 363 μmol) in methanol (5.0 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred in a hydrogen atmosphere (1 bar) at room temperature for 40 h. The suspension was diluted with methanol and filtered through kieselguhr and washed through with methanol. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and 97.8 mg (87% purity, 84% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

›A. EXAMPLES · 10 of 57

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.64 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=280 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: 1.042 (1.06), 1.056 (2.04), 1.070 (1.10), 1.199 (8.42), 1.214 (16.00), 1.228 (8.00), 1.305 (0.45), 1.356 (1.36), 1.738 (1.02), 1.763 (2.47), 1.787 (2.58), 1.812 (1.20), 2.696 (1.56), 2.721 (2.08), 2.728 (2.47), 2.752 (2.57), 2.869 (2.23), 2.896 (1.50), 2.901 (1.51), 3.057 (1.19), 3.064 (1.13), 3.072 (1.13), 3.165 (1.54), 3.174 (1.56), 3.429 (0.48), 3.439 (0.55), 3.452 (0.48), 4.141 (0.78), 4.149 (1.47), 4.156 (2.22), 4.163 (4.00), 4.170 (4.33), 4.177 (4.39), 4.184 (3.95), 4.191 (2.27), 4.198 (1.47), 4.205 (0.83), 4.319 (0.42), 4.331 (0.60), 4.432 (2.24), 4.444 (2.52), 4.455 (2.47), 4.466 (2.20), 7.628 (0.41), 11.601 (3.48).

Intermediate 38

Methyl (2RS)-6-[(4-methoxybenzyl)(m ethoxycarbonyl)hydrazono]piperidine-2-carboxylate (Racemate)

To methyl (2RS)-6-oxopiperidine-2-carboxylate (racemate) (685 mg, 4.36 mmol) in dichloromethane (15 ml) under argon was added trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate (678 mg, 95% purity, 4.36 mmol), and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Then methyl 1-(4-methoxybenzyl)hydrazinecarboxylate (1.29 g, 71% purity, 4.36 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature with occasional checking of the conversion for several days. For workup, the volatile components were removed under reduced pressure. The remaining crude product (1.52 g, 100% of theory) was converted further without additional purification.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.51 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=350 [M+H] +

Intermediate 39

Methyl (5RS)-2-(4-methoxybenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

Methyl (2RS)-6-[(4-methoxybenzyl)(methoxycarbonyl)hydrazono]piperidine-2-carboxylate (racemate) (1.52 g, 4.35 mmol) in DMF (5 ml) was stirred at 150° C. overnight. For workup, the cooled mixture was added to about 50 ml of water, and the mixture was alkalized to about pH 9 with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and extracted three times with 50 ml of dichloromethane. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over magnesium sulphate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product thus obtained was purified by chromatography on silica gel (PuriFlash 50 g silica gel cartridge, dichloromethane 100%=>dichloromethane:MeOH 80:1). In this way, two fractions of the title compound were obtained: 327 mg in 60% purity (14% of theory) and 858 mg in 72% purity (45% of theory).

Analysis results for the second fraction:

LC-MS (Method 6): R t =1.33 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=318 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: 2.615 (0.90), 2.731 (9.35), 2.890 (12.58), 3.700 (13.65), 3.730 (16.00), 3.736 (6.83), 3.742 (2.33), 4.492 (1.54), 4.582 (0.85), 4.591 (0.94), 4.597 (1.08), 4.607 (0.82), 4.750 (5.88), 6.882 (3.29), 6.887 (2.11), 6.899 (1.66), 6.904 (4.11), 6.908 (1.73), 7.162 (3.09), 7.167 (1.04), 7.178 (1.35), 7.183 (3.40), 7.203 (1.01), 7.923 (0.79), 7.952 (1.25).

Intermediate 40

(5RS)-2-(4-Methoxybenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-2-(4-methoxybenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (320 mg, 60% purity, 605 μmol) was dissolved in water/THF (5 ml/5 ml), lithium hydroxide (72.4 mg, 3.03 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature over a weekend. For workup, water was added, the pH was adjusted to 3 with 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid, and the mixture was saturated with sodium chloride and extracted three times with 30 ml each time of ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried with magnesium sulphate, filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure and dried. 250 mg (71% purity, 97% of theory) of the title compound were obtained. The product thus obtained was used further without additional purification.

In a second batch conducted analogously, 850 mg of methyl (5RS)-2-(4-methoxybenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (72% purity, 1.93 mmol) were used to obtain 625 mg of the title compound (89% purity, 95% of theory).

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.00 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=304 [M+H] +

Intermediate 41

(5RS)-5-(Pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-3(2H)-one (Racemate)

Variant a)

(5RS)-2-(4-Methoxybenzyl)-5-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-3(2H)-one (racemate) (670 mg, 1.88 mmol) was dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid (15 ml) and stirred at 150° C. in a microwave apparatus for 1 h. For workup, the cooled mixture was concentrated and the residue was purified in 2 injections via preparative HPLC (column: Chromatorex C18, 250×40 mm 10 μm. Flow rate: 50 ml/min. Gradient (A=water+0.1% formic acid, B=acetonitrile): 0 min 10% B, 6 min 10% B, 27 min 95% B, 38 min 95% B, 40 min 10% B. Run time per separation 40 min. Detection: 210 nm). Product fractions were concentrated and lyophilized. In this way, 0.36 g (80% of theory) of the title compound was obtained.

Variant b)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (500 mg, 2.54 mmol) in a mixture with pyrrolidine (5.0 ml, 60 mmol) was stirred at 50° C. first for 2 h, then for a further 18 h, then at 60° C. for about a further 24 h (monitoring of conversion by HPLC/LC-MS). For workup, the mixture was admixed with water, diluted with ethyl acetate and extracted. The aqueous phase was extracted twice more with ethyl acetate. The organic phases were discarded after an LC-MS check. The product-containing aqueous phase was concentrated and dried under reduced pressure. By triturating the residue with ethyl acetate/methanol, concentrating the mother liquor and triturating again with the solvent mixture, two fractions of the title compound were obtained: 45.7 mg (8%) and 112 mg (19%).

Analysis data for the second fraction:

LC-MS (Method 6): R t =0.80 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=237 [M+H] +

›A. EXAMPLES · 11 of 57

1 H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: 1.147 (0.62), 1.662 (1.69), 1.673 (2.39), 1.682 (4.36), 1.690 (6.79), 1.700 (8.57), 1.710 (6.71), 1.720 (3.20), 1.757 (2.60), 1.771 (9.56), 1.784 (16.00), 1.798 (11.83), 1.812 (3.41), 1.894 (3.39), 1.907 (11.19), 1.921 (15.40), 1.935 (10.59), 1.948 (4.95), 1.956 (5.06), 1.965 (4.50), 1.972 (2.37), 1.978 (2.52), 1.990 (3.30), 1.999 (3.57), 2.007 (3.10), 2.019 (2.87), 2.036 (1.28), 2.049 (0.83), 2.472 (2.42), 2.518 (5.78), 2.524 (4.83), 2.571 (3.49), 2.580 (6.69), 2.590 (3.51), 2.604 (1.94), 2.613 (3.22), 2.623 (1.57), 2.636 (0.62), 3.013 (0.68), 3.027 (1.51), 3.041 (0.64), 3.225 (2.19), 3.238 (4.42), 3.248 (4.27), 3.262 (7.12), 3.276 (3.96), 3.288 (5.24), 3.324 (12.41), 3.333 (4.62), 3.338 (5.10), 3.347 (4.83), 3.362 (2.48), 3.375 (0.68), 3.437 (2.33), 3.451 (4.93), 3.457 (3.84), 3.465 (3.28), 3.471 (6.13), 3.485 (2.81), 3.579 (2.85), 3.593 (5.88), 3.599 (3.34), 3.606 (3.61), 3.612 (4.77), 3.626 (2.17), 4.637 (5.45), 4.644 (6.46), 4.650 (7.06), 4.657 (5.49), 11.270 (6.83).

Intermediate 42

Ethyl 2-isopropylidene-1-(4-methylbenzyl)hydrazinecarboxylate

To ethyl 2-isopropylidenehydrazinecarboxylate (CAS 6637-60-1; 3.23 g, 22.4 mmol) in 55 ml of toluene were added, under argon, potassium hydroxide powder (4.11 g, 29.7 mmol) and tetra-n-butylammonium hydrogensulphate (734 mg, 2.16 mmol). For better stirrability, 10 ml of toluene were added. After heating to 50° C., a solution of 1-(bromomethyl)-4-methylbenzene (5.00 g, 27.0 mmol) in 15 ml of toluene was added dropwise, and the mixture was heated to 80° C. and stirred for a further 2.5 h. For workup, the mixture was admixed with water and the organic phase was removed after extraction. The organic phase was extracted twice more with water, then the combined organic phases were reextracted once with toluene. The organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate, concentrated and dried under reduced pressure. The crude product obtained was purified by chromatography using silica gel (instrument: Isolera column: 340 g SNAP eluent: cyclohexane and EtOAc gradient: 0 min cyclohexane, 10 min cyclohexane, 35 min 30% EtOAc, 40 min 30% EtOAc). Product-containing fractions were combined, concentrated and dried. In this way, 3.76 g (56% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.96 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=249 [M+H] +

Intermediate 43

Ethyl 1-(4-methylbenzyl)hydrazinecarboxylate

Ethyl 2-isopropylidene-1-(4-methylbenzyl)hydrazinecarboxylate (3.77 g, 15.2 mmol, according to LC-MS already partly hydrolysed to the title compound) was dissolved in ethanol/water (100 ml/66 ml), heated to reflux and stirred for 3 h. For workup, the mixture was then very substantially concentrated, and the residue was taken up in dichloromethane/water and extracted. After separation of the phases, the aqueous phase was extracted twice more with dichloromethane, and the combined organic phases were washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate, concentrated and dried under reduced pressure. In this way, 3.25 g (87% purity, 89% of theory) of the title compound were obtained, which was converted further without further purification.

LC-MS (Method 6): R t =1.53 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=209 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.159 (0.80), 1.168 (1.91), 1.185 (3.86), 1.203 (1.95), 1.667 (1.33), 1.927 (1.25), 2.267 (1.24), 2.275 (9.41), 4.035 (1.18), 4.053 (3.64), 4.071 (3.59), 4.088 (1.13), 4.425 (5.48), 4.548 (3.26), 7.126 (16.00).

Intermediate 44

Methyl (2RS)-6-[(ethoxycarbonyl)(4-methylbenzyl)hydrazono]piperidine-2-carboxylate (Racemate)

To methyl (2RS)-6-oxopiperidine-2-carboxylate (racemate) (1.58 g, 10.1 mmol) in 20 ml of dichloromethane under argon was added trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate (1.57 g, 95% purity, 10.1 mmol), and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. Then ethyl 1-(4-methylbenzyl)hydrazinecarboxylate (2.41 g, 87% purity, 10.1 mmol), dissolved in 10 ml of dichloromethane, was added dropwise and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 26 h. For workup, the volatile components were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was separated using silica gel. (Instrument: Isolera; column: 100 g SNAP cartridge, eluent: cyclohexane and EtOAc/EtOAc and MeOH Gradient: 0 min 30% EtOAc, 3 min 30% EtOAc, 13 min 100% EtOAc, 18 min 100% EtOAc, 18.01 min 10% MeOH, 33 min 10% MeOH). Product-containing fractions were combined, concentrated and dried under reduced pressure. This gave 1.46 g (88% purity, 37% of theory) of the title compound, which was converted further as such.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =0.98 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=348 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: 1.055 (0.58), 1.149 (1.00), 1.157 (1.01), 1.167 (1.78), 1.175 (1.73), 1.184 (0.92), 1.192 (0.87), 1.644 (0.91), 1.908 (0.76), 1.988 (2.45), 2.128 (2.05), 2.141 (2.19), 2.144 (2.23), 2.148 (1.42), 2.156 (0.95), 2.164 (0.99), 2.274 (3.39), 2.279 (4.35), 3.162 (0.90), 3.175 (0.90), 3.538 (3.77), 3.578 (0.99), 3.585 (1.56), 3.638 (3.98), 3.667 (16.00), 3.675 (1.67), 3.684 (2.39), 3.701 (3.26), 4.021 (0.67), 4.038 (0.81), 4.049 (1.01), 4.056 (1.07), 4.063 (1.50), 4.069 (1.44), 4.775 (1.21), 7.127 (1.68), 7.134 (2.17), 7.174 (1.17).

Intermediate 45

Methyl (5RS)-2-(4-methylbenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

Methyl (2RS)-6-[(ethoxycarbonyl) (4-methylbenzyl) hydrazono]piperidine-2-carboxylate (racemate) (730 mg, 88% purity, 1.85 mmol) in DMF (15 ml) was stirred at 150° C. overnight. For workup, the mixture was added to water, alkalized with 3 N sodium hydroxide solution and extracted with dichloromethane. The aqueous phase was saturated with sodium chloride and extracted twice more with dichloromethane. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. This gave 288 mg (52% of theory) of the title compound.

›A. EXAMPLES · 12 of 57

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.42 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=302 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 2.274 (12.04), 2.580 (0.80), 2.616 (1.19), 2.731 (10.86), 2.890 (12.92), 3.285 (1.12), 3.700 (16.00), 4.588 (1.05), 4.598 (1.19), 4.604 (1.34), 4.614 (1.04), 4.775 (6.63), 7.105 (0.94), 7.119 (1.09), 7.127 (7.35), 7.134 (6.83), 7.155 (1.02), 7.952 (1.56).

Alternative Synthesis:

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (500 mg, 2.54 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (10 ml). Caesium carbonate (909 mg, 2.79 mmol) and 1-(bromomethyl)-4-methylbenzene (493 mg, 2.66 mmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 560 mg (73% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =1.05 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=302 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: −0.008 (0.61), 0.008 (0.56), 1.787 (0.45), 1.798 (0.49), 1.812 (0.42), 2.050 (0.42), 2.060 (0.71), 2.072 (0.83), 2.080 (0.64), 2.088 (0.52), 2.096 (0.44), 2.104 (0.52), 2.108 (0.45), 2.116 (0.53), 2.124 (0.51), 2.132 (0.48), 2.274 (11.08), 2.523 (0.63), 2.566 (0.81), 2.580 (0.64), 2.605 (0.58), 2.616 (1.09), 2.629 (0.60), 2.659 (0.49), 3.701 (16.00), 4.588 (0.99), 4.598 (1.12), 4.604 (1.28), 4.614 (0.97), 4.775 (6.33), 7.106 (0.87), 7.127 (6.84), 7.134 (6.17), 7.154 (0.82).

Intermediate 46

Methyl (5RS)-2-(4-methylbenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Enantiomer 1)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (enantiomer 2) (700 mg, 3.55 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (31 ml). Caesium carbonate (1.27 g, 3.90 mmol) and 1-(bromomethyl)-4-methylbenzene (690 mg, 3.73 mmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over magnesium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 1.05 g (91% purity, 89% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.46 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=302 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.497 (0.40), 1.519 (0.42), 1.524 (0.43), 1.532 (0.43), 1.788 (0.50), 1.797 (0.54), 1.811 (0.47), 1.821 (0.43), 1.988 (0.48), 2.049 (0.50), 2.060 (0.81), 2.073 (0.80), 2.080 (0.72), 2.087 (0.59), 2.095 (0.51), 2.104 (0.58), 2.115 (0.59), 2.124 (0.56), 2.131 (0.52), 2.273 (12.47), 2.292 (0.91), 2.523 (0.62), 2.566 (0.84), 2.580 (0.68), 2.604 (0.64), 2.616 (1.20), 2.628 (0.66), 2.658 (0.55), 3.310 (16.00), 3.683 (0.71), 4.588 (1.13), 4.598 (1.28), 4.604 (1.44), 4.614 (1.10), 4.674 (0.43), 4.775 (6.90), 7.106 (1.01), 7.127 (8.08), 7.133 (7.29), 7.154 (1.06).

The (5S) configuration was assigned on the basis of the crystal structure elucidation for Example 26, 108, 113, 157, 237, 358 and 454.

Methyl (5S)-2-(4-methylbenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

Intermediate 47

Methyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazole-5-carboxylate (Enantiomer)

Methyl 5-oxo-L-prolinate (24.0 g, 168 mmol, CAS 4931-66-2) was initially charged in dichloromethane (210 ml) at room temperature. Subsequently, trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate (24.8 g, 168 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was admixed with DMF (240 ml). Subsequently, methyl hydrazinecarboxylate (15.1 g, 168 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 170° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified via column chromatography (silica gel, eluent: dichloromethane/methanol gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 7.57 g (25% of theory) of the title compound were obtained. The latter was converted further directly.

GC-MS (WUP-GC/MS): R t =6.48 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=183 [M+H] +

Intermediate 48

Methyl (5S)-2-(4-methylbenzyl)-3-oxo-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazole-5-carboxylate (Enantiomer)

Methyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazole-5-carboxylate (enantiomer) (250 mg, 1.36 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (3.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (489 mg, 1.50 mmol) and 1-(bromomethyl)-4-methylbenzene (265 mg, 1.43 mmol, CAS 104-81-4) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with dichloromethane. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 412 mg (91% purity, 96% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.32 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=288 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: 2.072 (1.11), 2.275 (9.70), 2.303 (0.99), 2.458 (0.51), 2.465 (0.54), 2.720 (1.21), 2.743 (1.93), 2.758 (1.66), 2.837 (0.42), 2.857 (0.41), 2.869 (0.51), 2.892 (0.49), 3.708 (1.25), 3.722 (12.20), 4.758 (2.95), 4.763 (3.01), 4.776 (1.05), 4.791 (1.07), 4.799 (0.95), 4.937 (0.40), 5.753 (0.46), 7.141 (16.00).

Intermediate 49

Methyl (5S)-2-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazole-5-carboxylate (Enantiomer)

›A. EXAMPLES · 13 of 57

Methyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazole-5-carboxylate (enantiomer) (300 mg, 1.64 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (10 ml). After stirring for 5 min, caesium carbonate (587 mg, 1.80 mmol) and 5-(bromomethyl)-2-chloropyridine (355 mg, 1.72 mmol, CAS 182924-36-3) were added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 430 mg (85% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =0.80 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=309 [M+H] +

Intermediate 50

Methyl (5S)-3-oxo-2-{[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrlo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazole-5-carboxylate (Enantiomer)

Methyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazole-5-carboxylate (enantiomer) (300 mg, 1.64 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (10 ml). Caesium carbonate (587 mg, 1.80 mmol) and 5-(bromomethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (413 mg, 1.72 mmol, CAS 108274-33-5) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 441 mg (79% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =0.92 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=343 [M+H] +

Intermediate 51

Methyl (5S)-2-(3-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl)-3-oxo-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazole-5-carboxylate (Enantiomer)

Methyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazole-5-carboxylate (enantiomer) (300 mg, 1.64 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (530 μl). After stirring for 5 min, caesium carbonate (587 mg, 1.80 mmol) and 4-(bromomethyl)-2-chloro-1-fluorobenzene (384 mg, 1.72 mmol, CAS 192702-01-5) were added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 460 mg (86% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.42 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=326 [M+H] +

Intermediate 52

Methyl (5S)-3-oxo-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazole-5-carboxylate (Enantiomer)

Methyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazole-5-carboxylate (enantiomer) (150 mg, 819 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (8.0 ml). After stirring for 5 min, caesium carbonate (294 mg, 901 μmol) and 1-(bromomethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (206 mg, 860 μmol, CAS 402-23-3) were added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 150 mg (53% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =1.09 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=342 [M+H] +

Intermediate 53

Methyl (5S)-2-[(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazole-5-carboxylate (Enantiomer)

Methyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazole-5-carboxylate (enantiomer) (150 mg, 819 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (7.0 ml). After stirring for 5 min, caesium carbonate (294 mg, 901 μmol) and 4-(bromomethyl)-2-chloropyridine (178 mg, 860 μmol, CAS 83004-15-3) were added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 250 mg (99% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =0.78 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=309 [M+H] +

Intermediate 54

Methyl (5RS)-2-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

Methyl (2RS)-6-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)hydrazono]piperidine-2-carboxylate (racemate) (2.20 g, 7.21 mmol) in DMF (15 ml) was stirred at 150° C. overnight. The reaction mixture (theoretical yield: 1.42 g) was divided into aliquots and used further directly. To the solution of an aliquot of the crude product methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (calculated as 473 mg, 2.40 mmol) in 5 ml of DMF were added caesium carbonate (1.17 g, 3.60 mmol) and 1-(bromomethyl)-4-chlorobenzene (518 mg, 2.52 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Then more 1-(bromomethyl)-4-chlorobenzene was added (493 mg, 2.40 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 50° C. overnight. For workup, water was added, the mixture was extracted twice with 15 ml each time of ethyl acetate, and the combined organic phases were washed once with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried with magnesium sulphate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was separated in 2 portions via preparative HPLC (column: Chromatorex, 125×40 mm 10 μm. Flow rate: 50 ml/min. Gradient (A=water+0.1% formic acid, B=acetonitrile): 0 min 10% B, 5 min 10% B, 27 min 98% B, 35 min 98% B, 35.01 min 10% B, 38 min 10% B. Run time per separation 38 min. Detection: 210 nm). Concentration of the product fractions gave 80 mg (96% purity, 9.6% of theory) of the title compound.

›A. EXAMPLES · 14 of 57

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.78 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=388 [M+H] +

Intermediate 55

tert-Butyl (5RS)-2-(4-methylbenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Enantiomer 1)

tert-Butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (enantiomer 2) (1.77 g, 7.38 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (71 ml). Caesium carbonate (2.40 g, 7.38 mmol) and 1-(bromomethyl)-4-methylbenzene (1.37 g, 7.38 mmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over magnesium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 2.65 g (>100% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.97 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=343 [M+H] +

Intermediate 56

tert-Butyl (5RS)-2-[(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

tert-Butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (300 mg, 1.25 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (6.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (613 mg, 1.88 mmol) and 2-(bromomethyl)-5-chloropyridine (272 mg, 1.32 mmol, CAS 605681-01-4) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 306 mg (65% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.61 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=365 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.410 (16.00), 2.078 (0.62), 2.085 (0.56), 2.637 (0.42), 4.453 (0.46), 4.459 (0.48), 4.463 (0.58), 4.469 (0.43), 4.932 (1.44), 4.947 (1.43), 7.232 (0.89), 7.246 (0.91), 7.928 (0.56), 7.932 (0.56), 7.942 (0.53), 7.946 (0.52), 8.578 (0.90), 8.582 (0.88).

Intermediate 57

tert-Butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2-{[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

tert-Butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (300 mg, 1.25 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (6.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (613 mg, 1.88 mmol) and 5-(bromomethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (316 mg, 1.32 mmol, CAS 108274-33-5) were subsequently added. After stirring at room temperature for 48 h, the reaction mixture was admixed with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was suspended in diethyl ether and the solids were filtered off and dried under reduced pressure. 345 mg (66% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.92 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=399 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.383 (16.00), 1.404 (0.51), 2.069 (0.60), 2.081 (0.48), 4.457 (0.62), 5.036 (2.03), 7.923 (1.20), 7.933 (0.73), 7.937 (0.70), 8.665 (0.72).

Intermediate 58

tert-Butyl (5RS)-2-(3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

tert-Butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (300 mg, 1.25 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (6.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (613 mg, 1.88 mmol) and 1-(bromomethyl)-3,5-dichlorobenzene (316 mg, 1.32 mmol, CAS 7778-01-0) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 445 mg (82% purity, 89% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =2.12 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=342 [M+H] +

Intermediate 59

tert-Butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

tert-Butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (300 mg, 1.25 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (6.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (1.02 g, 3.13 mmol) and 3-(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide (333 mg, 1.32 mmol, CAS 4916-55-6) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 366 mg (88% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.58 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=331 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.390 (16.00), 1.405 (12.47), 2.037 (0.58), 2.050 (0.73), 2.060 (0.77), 2.070 (0.65), 2.523 (0.58), 2.617 (0.41), 2.627 (0.42), 4.348 (0.50), 4.444 (0.59), 4.526 (0.81), 4.896 (1.69), 7.359 (0.43), 7.371 (0.43), 7.378 (0.45), 7.391 (0.45), 7.642 (0.49), 7.661 (0.42), 8.483 (0.82), 8.500 (0.55), 8.504 (0.55), 8.513 (0.52).

Intermediate 60

Methyl (5RS)-2-[(5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

›A. EXAMPLES · 15 of 57

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (50.0 mg, 254 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (3.6 ml). Caesium carbonate (124 mg, 380 μmol) and 3-(bromomethyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole (46.9 mg, 266 μmol, CAS 130628-75-0) were subsequently added. After stirring at room temperature for 24 h, the reaction mixture was admixed with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 58.0 mg (93% purity, 73% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =0.78 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=293 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.008 (0.58), 0.008 (0.51), 1.527 (0.40), 1.532 (0.40), 1.540 (0.42), 1.798 (0.45), 1.806 (0.50), 1.820 (0.43), 2.055 (0.46), 2.072 (3.66), 2.084 (0.69), 2.092 (0.58), 2.100 (0.46), 2.108 (0.53), 2.113 (0.51), 2.120 (0.49), 2.129 (0.51), 2.136 (0.47), 2.206 (1.02), 2.376 (10.50), 2.518 (0.88), 2.560 (0.90), 2.575 (0.76), 2.587 (0.75), 2.601 (0.66), 2.624 (0.60), 2.636 (1.04), 2.648 (0.59), 2.678 (0.48), 3.687 (1.59), 3.703 (16.00), 4.591 (0.92), 4.600 (1.03), 4.607 (1.24), 4.616 (0.92), 4.854 (7.94), 4.981 (0.43), 6.065 (2.10).

Intermediate 61

tert-Butyl (5RS)-2-(3,4-difluorobenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

tert-Butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (300 mg, 1.25 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (10 ml). Caesium carbonate (429 mg, 1.32 mmol) and 4-(bromomethyl)-1,2-difluorobenzene (273 mg, 1.32 mmol, CAS 85118-01-0) were subsequently added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight and at 90° C. for one hour. Water and ethyl acetate were then added to the reaction mixture. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 455 mg (99% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: −0.008 (0.57), 0.008 (0.51), 1.393 (16.00), 1.404 (3.82), 1.908 (1.06), 1.988 (0.61), 2.064 (0.60), 2.074 (0.56), 2.523 (0.73), 4.433 (0.44), 4.443 (0.41), 4.448 (0.56), 4.699 (0.90), 4.847 (1.99), 7.400 (0.49), 7.428 (0.45).

Intermediate 62

tert-Butyl (5RS)-2-(3-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

tert-Butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (311 mg, 1.30 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (10 ml). Caesium carbonate (445 mg, 1.36 mmol) and 4-(bromomethyl)-2-chloro-1-fluorobenzene (305 mg, 1.36 mmol, CAS 192702-01-5) were subsequently added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight and at 90° C. for one hour. Water and ethyl acetate were then added to the reaction mixture. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 491 mg (90% purity, 89% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =1.32 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=326 [M−tBu+H] +

Intermediate 63

Methyl (5RS)-2-(3-chlorobenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (50.0 mg, 254 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (3.6 ml). Caesium carbonate (124 mg, 380 μmol) and 1-(bromomethyl)-3-chlorobenzene (54.7 mg, 266 μmol, CAS 766-80-3) were subsequently added. After stirring at room temperature for 24 h, the reaction mixture was admixed with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 66.0 mg (81% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.82 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=322 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.008 (1.42), 0.008 (1.25), 1.526 (0.41), 1.532 (0.41), 1.802 (0.49), 1.811 (0.51), 1.825 (0.45), 1.836 (0.42), 2.065 (0.46), 2.075 (0.77), 2.088 (0.74), 2.095 (0.70), 2.102 (0.56), 2.110 (0.46), 2.118 (0.54), 2.130 (0.51), 2.139 (0.53), 2.146 (0.50), 2.523 (1.49), 2.564 (1.03), 2.579 (0.83), 2.591 (0.83), 2.605 (0.68), 2.631 (0.63), 2.642 (1.16), 2.654 (0.67), 2.673 (0.53), 2.684 (0.51), 3.708 (16.00), 4.615 (1.04), 4.625 (1.16), 4.631 (1.33), 4.640 (1.01), 4.863 (5.05), 7.190 (1.12), 7.208 (1.43), 7.282 (1.86), 7.343 (0.46), 7.359 (1.33), 7.364 (2.10), 7.369 (2.85), 7.387 (1.85), 7.407 (0.62).

Intermediate 64

tert-Butyl (5RS)-2-[(2-methoxypyridin-4-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

tert-Butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (357 mg, 1.49 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (10 ml). Caesium carbonate (510 mg, 1.57 mmol) and 4-(bromomethyl)-2-methoxypyridine (381 mg, 83% purity, 1.57 mmol, CAS 120277-15-8) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 144 mg (27% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

›A. EXAMPLES · 16 of 57

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.52 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=361 [M+H] +

Intermediate 65

tert-Butyl (5RS)-2-(3-fluorobenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

tert-Butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (300 mg, 1.25 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (10 ml). Caesium carbonate (429 mg, 1.32 mmol) and 1-(bromomethyl)-3-fluorobenzene (249 mg, 1.32 mmol, CAS 456-41-7) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 297 mg (68% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =1.23 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=291 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.008 (1.11), 0.008 (0.97), 1.397 (16.00), 2.067 (0.49), 2.077 (0.52), 2.518 (1.08), 2.523 (0.83), 4.451 (0.57), 4.865 (1.75), 4.872 (1.37), 7.078 (0.48), 7.097 (0.65), 7.380 (0.40), 7.396 (0.42).

Intermediate 66

tert-Butyl (5RS)-2-(3-chloro-4-methoxybenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

tert-Butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (300 mg, 1.25 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (6.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (613 mg, 1.88 mmol) and 4-(bromomethyl)-2-chloro-1-methoxybenzene (314 mg, 99% purity, 1.32 mmol, CAS 320407-92-9) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 365 mg (74% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.96 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=393 [M]

Intermediate 67

tert-Butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

tert-Butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (300 mg, 1.25 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (6.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (613 mg, 1.88 mmol) and 1-(bromomethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (315 mg, 1.32 mmol, CAS 402-23-3) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was suspended in diethyl ether, and the solids were filtered off and dried under reduced pressure. 388 mg (75% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =1.35 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=342 [M+H] +

Intermediate 68

tert-Butyl (5RS)-2-(3-methoxybenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

tert-Butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (300 mg, 1.25 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (6.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (613 mg, 1.88 mmol) and 1-(bromomethyl)-3-methoxybenzene (265 mg, 1.32 mmol, CAS 874-98-6) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 340 mg (94% purity, 71% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.91 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=360 [M+H] +

Intermediate 69

tert-Butyl (5RS)-2-[(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

tert-Butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (145 mg, 606 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (6.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (207 mg, 636 μmol) and 3-(bromomethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole (106 mg, 606 μmol, CAS 102846-13-9) were subsequently added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight and then at 70° C. for 3 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and water and ethyl acetate were added. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 150 mg (74% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =0.97 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=278 [M−tBu+H] +

›A. EXAMPLES · 17 of 57

Intermediate 70

tert-Butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ylmethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

tert-Butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (400 mg, 1.67 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (10 ml). Caesium carbonate (572 mg, 1.76 mmol) and 6-(chloromethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (317 mg, 1.76 mmol, CAS 17450-63-4) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 280 mg (43% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =1.44 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=328 [M−tBu+H] +

Intermediate 71

tert-Butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2-(2,4,5-trifluorobenzyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

tert-Butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (400 mg, 1.67 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (10 ml). Caesium carbonate (572 mg, 1.76 mmol) and 1-(chloromethyl)-2,4,5-trifluorobenzene (317 mg, 1.76 mmol, CAS 243139-71-1) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 390 mg (61% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =1.29 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=328 [M−tBu+H]+

Intermediate 72

tert-Butyl (5RS)-2-[(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

tert-Butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (370 mg, 1.54 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (10 ml). Caesium carbonate (528 mg, 1.62 mmol) and 4-(bromomethyl)-2-chloropyridine (360 mg, 93% purity, 1.62 mmol, CAS 83004-15-3) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 490 mg (83% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.54 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=365 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: −0.008 (1.57), 0.008 (1.54), 1.405 (16.00), 2.084 (0.54), 2.094 (0.44), 2.523 (0.99), 2.568 (0.41), 2.669 (0.51), 4.476 (0.54), 4.944 (1.40), 4.949 (1.35), 7.240 (0.51), 7.250 (0.53), 7.328 (0.82), 8.377 (0.75), 8.389 (0.75).

Intermediate 73

tert-Butyl (5RS)-2-[(5-chloro-2-thienyl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

tert-Butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (300 mg, 1.25 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (10 ml). Caesium carbonate (429 mg, 1.32 mmol) and 2-chloro-5-(chloromethyl)thiophene (220 mg, 1.32 mmol, CAS 23784-96-5) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 414 mg (83% purity, 74% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.88 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=313 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: 1.175 (0.45), 1.335 (0.71), 1.384 (16.00), 1.397 (0.99), 1.988 (0.79), 2.045 (0.50), 2.057 (0.51), 4.420 (0.56), 4.950 (2.59), 4.986 (2.46), 6.922 (0.61), 6.931 (0.84), 6.976 (1.11), 6.986 (0.79), 7.011 (0.48), 7.020 (0.65), 7.079 (0.51).

Intermediate 74

Methyl (5RS)-2-[(4-methyl-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (300 mg, 1.52 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (10 ml). Caesium carbonate (545 mg, 1.67 mmol) and 3-(bromomethyl)-4-methyl-1,2,5-oxadiazole (283 mg, 1.60 mmol, CAS 90507-32-7) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 281 mg (63% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.06 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=294 [M+H] +

Intermediate 75

Methyl (5RS)-2-[(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

›A. EXAMPLES · 18 of 57

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (300 mg, 1.52 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (10 ml). Caesium carbonate (1.24 g, 3.80 mmol) and 5-(chloromethyl)-2-methylpyridine hydrochloride (298 mg, 1.67 mmol, CAS 106651-81-4) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 236 mg (51% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.26 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=303 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.008 (0.57), 0.008 (0.57), 1.511 (0.41), 1.517 (0.41), 1.525 (0.42), 1.787 (0.49), 1.798 (0.53), 1.812 (0.45), 1.822 (0.42), 2.051 (0.47), 2.061 (0.80), 2.073 (3.59), 2.086 (0.68), 2.095 (0.50), 2.103 (0.56), 2.107 (0.49), 2.115 (0.52), 2.123 (0.54), 2.131 (0.51), 2.439 (12.07), 2.523 (0.56), 2.557 (0.88), 2.569 (0.86), 2.583 (0.68), 2.609 (0.63), 2.621 (1.16), 2.633 (0.65), 2.663 (0.57), 3.700 (16.00), 4.594 (1.02), 4.603 (1.12), 4.610 (1.31), 4.619 (1.00), 4.835 (5.24), 7.216 (1.67), 7.236 (1.95), 7.506 (1.19), 7.512 (1.20), 7.526 (1.07), 7.532 (1.07), 8.337 (1.47), 8.342 (1.45).

Intermediate 76

Methyl (5RS)-2-[(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (300 mg, 1.52 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (10 ml). Caesium carbonate (1.24 g, 3.80 mmol) and 5-(chloromethyl)-2-methoxypyridine hydrochloride (325 mg, 1.67 mmol, CAS 120276-36-0) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 206 mg (42% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.61 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=319 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.008 (1.39), 0.008 (1.28), 1.795 (0.43), 2.073 (5.67), 2.091 (0.40), 2.099 (0.45), 2.111 (0.42), 2.120 (0.44), 2.127 (0.41), 2.523 (0.87), 2.568 (0.68), 2.582 (0.55), 2.608 (0.50), 2.620 (0.92), 2.631 (0.52), 2.662 (0.50), 3.698 (13.67), 3.828 (16.00), 3.851 (0.46), 4.585 (0.90), 4.594 (0.95), 4.600 (1.13), 4.610 (0.82), 4.794 (5.64), 6.793 (1.69), 6.815 (1.80), 7.560 (1.13), 7.566 (1.15), 7.582 (1.09), 7.588 (1.11), 8.066 (1.53), 8.071 (1.49).

Intermediate 77

Methyl (5RS)-2-[2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (300 mg, 1.52 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (10 ml). Caesium carbonate (1.24 g, 3.80 mmol) and 2-(bromomethyl)-1,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene (514 mg, 1.67 mmol, CAS 302911-98-4) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 649 mg (95% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =1.00 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=424 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: −0.008 (0.90), 0.008 (0.79), 1.157 (0.56), 1.175 (1.14), 1.193 (0.59), 1.539 (0.40), 1.815 (0.51), 1.825 (0.49), 1.839 (0.42), 1.850 (0.43), 1.988 (2.13), 2.073 (0.47), 2.091 (0.47), 2.103 (0.89), 2.111 (1.07), 2.134 (0.56), 2.147 (0.48), 2.155 (0.51), 2.163 (0.47), 2.576 (0.89), 2.591 (0.71), 2.603 (0.74), 2.617 (0.61), 2.649 (0.57), 2.660 (1.10), 2.671 (0.76), 2.702 (0.47), 3.702 (16.00), 4.021 (0.51), 4.038 (0.50), 4.660 (1.05), 4.669 (1.11), 4.675 (1.37), 4.684 (1.00), 5.056 (0.60), 5.097 (1.96), 5.130 (2.04), 5.171 (0.61), 7.632 (2.12), 7.934 (0.89), 7.953 (1.38), 8.025 (1.90), 8.045 (1.28).

Intermediate 78

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (300 mg, 1.52 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (10 ml). Caesium carbonate (1.24 g, 3.80 mmol) and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazole (439 mg, 1.67 mmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 642 mg (90% purity, 90% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.68 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=424 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: −0.008 (0.48), 0.008 (0.43), 1.158 (0.79), 1.175 (1.64), 1.193 (0.83), 1.530 (0.40), 1.563 (0.43), 1.802 (0.50), 1.814 (0.55), 1.828 (0.47), 1.989 (3.08), 2.067 (0.47), 2.077 (0.73), 2.090 (0.67), 2.105 (0.47), 2.113 (0.50), 2.121 (0.46), 2.129 (0.54), 2.141 (0.53), 2.149 (0.56), 2.157 (0.53), 2.577 (0.87), 2.592 (0.78), 2.603 (0.82), 2.617 (0.63), 2.640 (0.62), 2.652 (1.20), 2.665 (0.72), 2.695 (0.51), 3.311 (16.00), 3.701 (0.48), 4.021 (0.74), 4.039 (0.71), 4.632 (1.16), 4.641 (1.31), 4.647 (1.53), 4.657 (1.11), 5.001 (2.12), 5.074 (0.77), 5.115 (4.74), 5.128 (4.74), 5.168 (0.79), 7.878 (0.89), 7.897 (2.02), 7.917 (1.26), 8.101 (1.45), 8.120 (1.38), 8.334 (2.40), 8.391 (1.51), 8.410 (1.42).

›A. EXAMPLES · 19 of 57

Intermediate 79

Methyl (5RS)-2-(2-methylbenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (200 mg, 1.01 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (10 ml). Caesium carbonate (364 mg, 1.12 mmol) and 1-(bromomethyl)-2-methylbenzene (197 mg, 1.06 mmol, CAS 89-92-9) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 196 mg (93% purity, 60% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =1.04 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=302 [M+H] +

Intermediate 80

Methyl (5RS)-2-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (300 mg, 1.52 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (10 ml). Caesium carbonate (1.24 g, 3.80 mmol) and 4-(bromomethyl)-1-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (430 mg, 1.67 mmol, CAS 184970-26-1) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 569 mg (90% purity, 90% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.90 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=374 [M+H] +

Intermediate 81

Methyl (5RS)-2-[4-methoxy-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (200 mg, 1.01 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (10 ml). Caesium carbonate (347 mg, 1.06 mmol) and 4-(bromomethyl)-1-methoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (300 mg, 1.11 mmol, CAS 261951-89-7) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 316 mg (80% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.60 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=386 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: −0.008 (0.97), 0.008 (0.99), 1.492 (0.42), 1.513 (0.43), 1.519 (0.45), 1.526 (0.45), 1.789 (0.53), 1.798 (0.55), 1.813 (0.47), 1.823 (0.45), 2.052 (0.49), 2.062 (0.82), 2.073 (0.90), 2.096 (0.50), 2.104 (0.57), 2.116 (0.52), 2.125 (0.55), 2.132 (0.51), 2.560 (0.84), 2.572 (0.84), 2.587 (0.67), 2.613 (0.64), 2.625 (1.19), 2.637 (0.68), 2.668 (0.66), 3.696 (15.68), 3.873 (16.00), 4.600 (1.06), 4.609 (1.20), 4.615 (1.38), 4.625 (1.04), 4.844 (4.92), 7.239 (1.72), 7.260 (2.01), 7.489 (1.35), 7.510 (1.41), 7.520 (2.68).

Intermediate 82

Methyl (5RS)-2-[(1-methyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (200 mg, 1.01 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (10 ml). Caesium carbonate (347 mg, 1.06 mmol) and 5-(bromomethyl)-1-methyl-1H-indazole (251 mg, 1.11 mmol, CAS 1092961-01-7) were subsequently added. After stirring at room temperature for 72 h, the reaction mixture was admixed with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 87.0 mg (25% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.10 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=342 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.008 (1.77), 0.008 (1.59), 1.447 (0.66), 1.456 (0.44), 1.783 (0.44), 1.794 (0.48), 1.808 (0.41), 2.049 (0.42), 2.060 (0.69), 2.073 (0.71), 2.080 (0.63), 2.087 (0.51), 2.095 (0.41), 2.103 (0.49), 2.115 (0.45), 2.123 (0.48), 2.131 (0.44), 2.563 (0.85), 2.578 (0.63), 2.602 (0.59), 2.613 (1.08), 2.626 (0.61), 2.656 (0.49), 2.669 (0.50), 3.706 (14.99), 4.024 (16.00), 4.597 (0.97), 4.607 (1.09), 4.613 (1.27), 4.623 (0.94), 4.922 (6.84), 7.285 (1.33), 7.307 (1.37), 7.310 (1.55), 7.593 (1.89), 7.614 (3.97), 8.019 (3.08).

Intermediate 83

Methyl (5RS)-2-[(1-ethyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (200 mg, 1.01 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (6.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (364 mg, 1.12 mmol) and 2-(chloromethyl)-1-ethyl-1H-imidazole (154 mg, 1.06 mmol, CAS 780722-30-7) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 54.0 mg (17% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

›A. EXAMPLES · 20 of 57

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =0.29 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=306 [M+H] +

Intermediate 84

Methyl (5RS)-2-[(1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (200 mg, 1.01 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (6.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (364 mg, 1.12 mmol) and 2-(bromomethyl)-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazole (240 mg, 1.06 mmol, CAS 136099-52-0) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 137 mg (40% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =0.73 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=342 [M+H]

Intermediate 85

Methyl (5RS)-2-[3-chloro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (200 mg, 1.01 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (10 ml). Caesium carbonate (347 mg, 1.06 mmol) and 4-(bromomethyl)-2-chlorophenyl trifluoromethyl ether (323 mg, 1.11 mmol, CAS 261763-18-2) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 302 mg (73% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.81 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=406 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: −0.008 (0.94), 0.008 (0.87), 1.805 (0.43), 1.815 (0.45), 2.070 (0.41), 2.079 (0.69), 2.094 (0.77), 2.104 (0.63), 2.112 (0.43), 2.120 (0.49), 2.124 (0.42), 2.132 (0.44), 2.140 (0.47), 2.148 (0.44), 2.524 (0.61), 2.569 (0.83), 2.583 (0.70), 2.595 (0.73), 2.609 (0.58), 2.636 (0.54), 2.647 (1.01), 2.660 (0.61), 2.690 (0.45), 3.708 (16.00), 4.619 (0.97), 4.629 (1.06), 4.635 (1.29), 4.644 (0.95), 4.911 (5.85), 7.317 (1.07), 7.322 (1.12), 7.338 (1.27), 7.344 (1.31), 7.533 (2.04), 7.539 (1.93), 7.564 (1.23), 7.567 (1.21), 7.585 (1.04), 7.588 (1.02).

Intermediate 86

Methyl (5RS)-2-{[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (200 mg, 1.01 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (5.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (364 mg, 1.12 mmol) and 3-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (245 mg, 1.06 mmol, CAS 175277-52-8) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 293 mg (74% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =1.08 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=391 [M+H] +

Intermediate 87

Methyl (5RS)-2-[3-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (200 mg, 1.01 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (6.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (364 mg, 1.12 mmol) and 4-(bromomethyl)-2-fluorophenyl trifluoromethyl ether (291 mg, 1.06 mmol, CAS 886499-04-3) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 263 mg (66% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =1.22 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=390 [M+H] +

Intermediate 88

Methyl (5RS)-2-{[2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]methyl}-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (200 mg, 1.01 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (10 ml). Caesium carbonate (347 mg, 1.06 mmol) and 5-(bromomethyl)-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-thiazole (290 mg, 1.11 mmol, CAS 1000339-73-0) were subsequently added. After stirring at room temperature for 72 h, the reaction mixture was admixed with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 384 mg (99% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

›A. EXAMPLES · 21 of 57

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.33 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=377 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.008 (1.01), 0.008 (1.10), 1.157 (1.51), 1.175 (3.06), 1.193 (1.55), 1.793 (0.43), 1.804 (0.48), 1.818 (0.41), 1.988 (5.82), 2.051 (0.42), 2.062 (0.77), 2.073 (0.86), 2.086 (0.67), 2.094 (0.45), 2.102 (0.51), 2.114 (0.46), 2.122 (0.50), 2.130 (0.46), 2.524 (0.72), 2.568 (0.84), 2.583 (0.72), 2.594 (0.74), 2.608 (0.61), 2.639 (1.12), 2.651 (15.16), 2.668 (1.55), 2.679 (0.51), 2.687 (0.68), 3.697 (16.00), 4.003 (0.46), 4.021 (1.39), 4.038 (1.38), 4.056 (0.46), 4.594 (1.02), 4.603 (1.12), 4.609 (1.32), 4.619 (0.98), 5.171 (4.60).

Intermediate 89

Methyl (5RS)-2-[(3-methyl-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (200 mg, 1.01 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (10 ml). Caesium carbonate (347 mg, 1.06 mmol) and 5-(bromomethyl)-3-methyl-1,2-oxazole (196 mg, 1.11 mmol, CAS 36958-61-9) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 259 mg (86% purity, 75% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =0.94 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=293 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: −0.008 (0.44), 1.174 (0.64), 1.510 (0.40), 1.531 (0.43), 1.536 (0.43), 1.544 (0.42), 1.798 (0.49), 1.809 (0.54), 1.824 (0.47), 1.988 (1.18), 2.042 (0.41), 2.055 (0.52), 2.065 (0.75), 2.071 (0.80), 2.078 (0.73), 2.087 (0.86), 2.096 (0.58), 2.104 (0.53), 2.112 (0.61), 2.117 (0.52), 2.124 (0.64), 2.133 (0.58), 2.141 (0.55), 2.205 (15.12), 2.218 (2.90), 2.518 (0.41), 2.524 (0.52), 2.567 (0.86), 2.581 (0.78), 2.593 (0.80), 2.607 (0.67), 2.629 (0.63), 2.641 (1.15), 2.653 (0.66), 2.683 (0.47), 3.687 (1.47), 3.691 (0.75), 3.703 (16.00), 4.596 (1.03), 4.606 (1.14), 4.612 (1.28), 4.622 (0.98), 4.773 (1.74), 4.981 (6.40), 6.237 (3.04), 6.458 (0.50).

Intermediate 90

Methyl (5RS)-2-[(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (200 mg, 1.01 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (11 ml). Caesium carbonate (793 mg, 2.43 mmol) and 3-(chloromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole hydrochloride (187 mg, 1.11 mmol, CAS 135206-76-7) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 178 mg (74% purity, 44% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =0.61 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=293 [M+H] +

Intermediate 91

Methyl (5RS)-2-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (200 mg, 1.01 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (5.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (364 mg, 1.12 mmol) and 1-(bromomethyl)-2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (274 mg, 1.06 mmol, CAS 184970-25-0) were added after stirring for 5 min. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 184 mg (49% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =1.16 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=374 [M+H] +

Intermediate 92

Methyl (5RS)-2-[3-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (200 mg, 1.01 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (5.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (364 mg, 1.12 mmol) and 1-(bromomethyl)-3-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (274 mg, 1.06 mmol, CAS 239087-09-3) were added after stirring for 5 min. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 154 mg (41% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =1.19 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=374 [M+H] +

Intermediate 93

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2-{[2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Enantiomer 1)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (enantiomer 2) (200 mg, 1.01 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (5.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (364 mg, 1.12 mmol) and 4-(chloromethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride (247 mg, 1.06 mmol) were added after stirring for 5 min. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 279 mg (77% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

›A. EXAMPLES · 22 of 57

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.71 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=357 [M+H] +

The (5S) configuration was assigned on the basis of the crystal structure elucidation for Example 26, 108, 113, 157, 237, 358 and 454.

Methyl (5S)-3-oxo-2-{[2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

Intermediate 94

Methyl (5RS)-2-{[3-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]methyl}-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Enantiomer 1)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (enantiomer 2) (200 mg, 1.01 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (5.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (364 mg, 1.12 mmol) and 4-(chloromethyl)-3-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride (266 mg, 1.06 mmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed again with caesium carbonate (199 mg, 0.61 mmol) and stirred at 60° C. for 2 hours. Subsequently, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and water and ethyl acetate were added. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 181 mg (48% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.42 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=375 [M+H] +

The (5S) configuration was assigned on the basis of the crystal structure elucidation for Example 26, 108, 113, 157, 237, 358 and 454.

Methyl (5S)-2-{[3-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]methyl}-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

Intermediate 95

Methyl (5RS)-2-{[5-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Enantiomer 1)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (enantiomer 2) (164 mg, 829 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (4.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (594 mg, 1.82 mmol) and 5-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride (274 mg, 85% purity, 871 μmol) were subsequently added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, at 85° C. for 5 h, and again at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was admixed with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 269 mg (93% purity, 77% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.55 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=391 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: −0.008 (0.42), 0.008 (0.46), 1.157 (1.75), 1.175 (3.60), 1.193 (1.82), 1.352 (0.61), 1.534 (0.40), 1.540 (0.41), 1.807 (0.47), 1.816 (0.49), 1.830 (0.41), 1.989 (6.73), 2.074 (0.58), 2.086 (0.74), 2.098 (0.77), 2.119 (0.46), 2.126 (0.53), 2.131 (0.46), 2.139 (0.47), 2.148 (0.52), 2.155 (0.46), 2.520 (0.80), 2.563 (0.87), 2.578 (0.72), 2.590 (0.72), 2.604 (0.62), 2.630 (0.57), 2.642 (1.01), 2.654 (0.60), 2.671 (0.40), 2.684 (0.45), 3.688 (1.91), 3.704 (16.00), 3.936 (0.71), 4.003 (0.54), 4.021 (1.59), 4.039 (1.58), 4.057 (0.52), 4.628 (1.01), 4.637 (1.55), 4.643 (1.37), 4.652 (1.42), 5.074 (7.18), 7.727 (3.53), 7.832 (0.45), 8.858 (0.45), 8.910 (3.33).

The (5S) configuration was assigned on the basis of the crystal structure elucidation for Example 26, 108, 113, 157, 237, 358 and 454.

Methyl (5S)-2-{[5-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

Intermediate 96

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2-{[2-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Enantiomer 1)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (enantiomer 2) (166 mg, 839 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (4.1 ml). Caesium carbonate (301 mg, 923 μmol) and 4-(chloromethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline hydrochloride (336 mg, 74% purity, 881 μmol) were added after stirring for 5 min. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 111 mg (33% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =1.19 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=407 [M+H] +

The (5S) configuration was assigned on the basis of the crystal structure elucidation for Example 26, 108, 113, 157, 237, 358 and 454.

Methyl (5S)-3-oxo-2-{[2-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

Intermediate 97

Methyl (5RS)-2-{[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Enantiomer 1)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (enantiomer 2) (200 mg, 1.01 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (5.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (364 mg, 1.12 mmol) and 3-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (245 mg, 1.06 mmol, CAS 175277-52-8) were added after stirring for 5 min. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 216 mg (55% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

›A. EXAMPLES · 23 of 57

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.49 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=391 [M+H] +

The (5S) configuration was assigned on the basis of the crystal structure elucidation for Example 26, 108, 113, 157, 237, 358 and 454.

Methyl (5S)-2-{[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

Intermediate 98

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2-[(3,5,6-trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Enantiomer 1)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (enantiomer 2) (250 mg, 1.27 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (5.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (454 mg, 1.39 mmol) and 2-(bromomethyl)-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine (286 mg, 1.33 mmol, CAS 79074-45-6) were added after stirring for 5 min. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 261 mg (62% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.02 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=332 [M+H] +

Intermediate 99

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Enantiomer 1)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (enantiomer 2) (300 mg, 1.52 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (6.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (744 mg, 2.28 mmol) and 2-(chloromethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride (371 mg, 1.60 mmol, CAS 215867-87-1) were subsequently added. After stirring at room temperature for 4 hours, the reaction mixture was admixed with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 282 mg (52% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.35 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=357 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.008 (0.50), 1.811 (0.48), 1.821 (0.49), 1.835 (0.42), 2.073 (0.44), 2.079 (0.46), 2.090 (0.74), 2.103 (0.69), 2.110 (0.66), 2.118 (0.53), 2.126 (0.46), 2.133 (0.53), 2.138 (0.46), 2.146 (0.48), 2.154 (0.50), 2.162 (0.46), 2.519 (0.45), 2.570 (0.85), 2.585 (0.73), 2.597 (0.75), 2.611 (0.61), 2.636 (0.59), 2.647 (1.03), 2.660 (0.59), 2.690 (0.44), 3.706 (16.00), 4.636 (1.03), 4.646 (1.11), 4.652 (1.26), 4.661 (0.93), 5.075 (7.03), 7.551 (2.03), 7.713 (1.09), 7.724 (1.09), 8.822 (1.50), 8.834 (1.43).

The (5S) configuration was assigned on the basis of the crystal structure elucidation for Example 26, 108, 113, 157, 237, 358 and 454.

Methyl (5S)-3-oxo-2-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

Intermediate 100

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2-{[2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Enantiomer 1)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (enantiomer 2) (108 mg, 548 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (2.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (268 mg, 822 μmol) and 4-(chloromethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine hydrochloride (134 mg, 575 μmol) were subsequently added. After stirring at room temperature overnight and under reflux for a further 2 hours, the reaction mixture was admixed with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 49.3 mg (25% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.69 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=358 [M+H] +

The (5S) configuration was assigned on the basis of the crystal structure elucidation for Example 26, 108, 113, 157, 237, 358 and 454.

Methyl (5S)-3-oxo-2-{[2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

Intermediate 101

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2-(2,4,5-trimethylbenzyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Enantiomer 1)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (enantiomer 2) (200 mg, 1.01 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (5.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (364 mg, 1.12 mmol) and 1-(bromomethyl)-2,4,5-trimethylbenzene (227 mg, 1.06 mmol, CAS 35509-98-9) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 198 mg (59% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

›A. EXAMPLES · 24 of 57

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.91 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=330 [M+H] +

The (5S) configuration was assigned on the basis of the crystal structure elucidation for Example 26, 108, 113, 157, 237, 358 and 454.

Methyl (5S)-3-oxo-2-(2,4,5-trimethylbenzyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

Intermediate 102

Methyl (5RS)-2-[4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)benzyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

To methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (300 mg, 1.52 mmol) and caesium carbonate (744 mg, 2.28 mmol) in 15 ml of acetonitrile was added tert-butyl 4-(bromomethyl)benzoate (433 mg, 1.60 mmol), then the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. For workup, the precipitate present was filtered off, and the filtrate was admixed and extracted with ethyl acetate/water. The aqueous phase was extracted twice more with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried with sodium sulphate, filtered, and concentrated and dried under reduced pressure. 676 mg (88% purity, 101% of theory) of the title compound were obtained, which was converted further as such.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.78 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=388 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.008 (1.08), 0.008 (1.04), 1.175 (0.71), 1.537 (16.00), 1.988 (1.29), 3.286 (1.03), 3.709 (5.39), 4.915 (1.64), 7.323 (0.99), 7.344 (1.09), 7.857 (1.29), 7.878 (1.18).

Intermediate 103

tert-Butyl (5RS)-2-(4-methylbenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

To tert-butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (5.00 g, 20.9 mmol) and caesium carbonate (10.2 g, 31.3 mmol) in 180 ml of acetonitrile was added 1-(bromomethyl)-4-methylbenzene (4.06 g, 21.9 mmol), then the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. For workup, the precipitate present was filtered off, the filtrate was substantially concentrated on a rotary evaporator, and the residue was taken up and extracted with ethyl acetate/water. For better phase separation, saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution and a little methanol were added here. The aqueous phase was extracted twice more with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried with sodium sulphate, filtered, and concentrated and dried under reduced pressure. 7.14 g (94% purity, 94% of theory) of the title compound were obtained, which was used further as such.

LC-MS (Method 6): R t =1.80 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=344 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: 1.396 (16.00), 1.402 (2.28), 2.270 (4.79), 4.771 (2.95), 7.129 (7.75).

Intermediate 104

tert-Butyl (5RS)-2-[(1 RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Diastereomer Mixture; 4 Isomers)

To tert-butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (500 mg, 2.09 mmol) and caesium carbonate (1.02 g, 3.13 mmol) in 30 ml of acetonitrile was added 1-[(1 RS)-1-bromoethyl]-4-chlorobenzene (racemate) (550 mg, 2.51 mmol), then the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. For workup, the precipitate present was filtered off, the filtrate was substantially concentrated on a rotary evaporator, and the residue was taken up and extracted with ethyl acetate/water. For better phase separation, saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution and a little methanol were added here. The aqueous phase was extracted twice more with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried with sodium sulphate, filtered, and concentrated and dried under reduced pressure. 755 mg (87% purity, 83% of theory) of the title compound were obtained as a diastereomer mixture, which was converted further as such.

LC-MS (Method 8): R t =3.28 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=378 [M+H] + ; R t =3.33 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=378 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.008 (1.98), 0.008 (1.51), 1.157 (0.78), 1.175 (1.54), 1.192 (0.85), 1.329 (15.89), 1.342 (1.34), 1.405 (16.00), 1.416 (1.42), 1.438 (1.47), 1.597 (2.79), 1.603 (2.55), 1.614 (2.71), 1.620 (2.46), 1.988 (2.92), 2.063 (1.04), 2.661 (0.78), 3.287 (1.01), 4.020 (0.72), 4.038 (0.70), 4.403 (0.81), 4.418 (0.94), 7.323 (1.58), 7.344 (3.21), 7.378 (2.24), 7.385 (2.41), 7.399 (1.19), 7.406 (1.69).

Intermediate 105 tert-Butyl (5R,S)-3-oxo-2-(4-sulphamoylbenzyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

To tert-butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (500 mg, 2.09 mmol) in 10 ml of acetonitrile were added caesium carbonate (1.02 g, 3.13 mmol) and 4-(bromomethyl)benzenesulphonamide (627 mg, 2.51 mmol), then the reaction mixture was twice stirred at room temperature under argon overnight. For workup, the mixture was admixed with water and extracted twice with dichloromethane. The combined organic phases were dried with magnesium sulphate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The remaining residue was purified via preparative HPLC (column: RP, Chromatorex C18, 250×40 mm 10 μm. Flow rate: 50 ml/min. Gradient (A=water+0.1% formic acid, B=acetonitrile): 0 min 10% B, 5 min 10% B, 27 min 98% B, 35 min 98% B, 35.01 min 10% B, 38 min 10% B. Run time per separation 38 min. Detection: 210 nm). 755 mg (87% purity, 83% of theory) were obtained. By concentrating the product fractions, 37 mg (4.3% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 6): R t =1.35 min; MS (ESIneg): m/z=407 [M−H] −

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.404 (16.00), 2.072 (1.17), 4.451 (0.63), 4.920 (2.40), 7.331 (2.07), 7.401 (1.29), 7.422 (1.42), 7.772 (1.69), 7.793 (1.46).

Intermediate 106

tert-Butyl (5RS)-2-[4-(methylsulphanyl)benzyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

›A. EXAMPLES · 25 of 57

The aqueous phase was extracted twice more with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried with sodium sulphate, filtered, and concentrated and dried under reduced pressure. 776 mg (92% purity, 91% of theory) of the title compound were obtained, which was converted further as such.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.88 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=376 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: 1.395 (16.00), 1.403 (1.34), 1.988 (0.68), 2.452 (7.33), 4.783 (2.62), 7.181 (0.76), 7.198 (1.88), 7.221 (2.16), 7.238 (0.85).

Intermediate 107

tert-Butyl (5RS)-2-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

To tert-butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (1.00 g, 4.18 mmol) and caesium carbonate (2.04 g, 6.27 mmol) in 25 ml of acetonitrile was added 2-chloro-5-(chloromethyl)pyridine (711 g, 4.39 mmol), then the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. For workup, the mixture was added to water and extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried with magnesium sulphate, filtered, and concentrated and dried under reduced pressure. 1.48 g (89% purity, 87% of theory) of the title compound were obtained, which was used further as such.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.84 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=365 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: 1.369 (0.99), 1.387 (16.00), 1.405 (3.22), 1.988 (0.89), 2.060 (0.76), 2.496 (4.74), 2.501 (6.51), 2.505 (5.26), 4.443 (0.68), 4.910 (2.74), 7.510 (0.80), 7.530 (0.98), 8.313 (0.82), 8.319 (0.82).

Intermediate 108

tert-Butyl (5RS)-2-[(6-cyanopyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

To tert-butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (200 mg, 836 μmol) and caesium carbonate (409 mg, 1.25 mmol) in 8.0 ml of acetonitrile was added 5-(bromomethyl)pyridine-2-carbonitrile (173 mg, 878 μmol), then the reaction mixture was stirred first for 2 h, then at room temperature overnight. Then 5-(bromomethyl)pyridine-2-carbonitrile (32.9 mg, 167 μmol) was added once again (monitoring of conversion by HPLC). For workup, after stirring at room temperature for a further 2 h, the precipitate present was filtered off, and the filtrate was admixed and extracted with ethyl acetate/water. The aqueous phase was extracted twice more with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried with sodium sulphate, filtered, and concentrated and dried under reduced pressure. 303 mg (>100% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.79 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=356 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: −0.008 (1.79), 0.008 (1.80), 1.175 (0.81), 1.394 (16.00), 1.406 (1.87), 1.988 (1.44), 3.287 (1.33), 4.459 (0.60), 5.033 (2.16), 8.034 (0.73), 8.037 (0.79).

Intermediate 109

tert-Butyl (5RS)-2-[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

To tert-butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (200 mg, 836 μmol) and caesium carbonate (409 mg, 1.25 mmol) in 8.0 ml of acetonitrile was added 4-(bromomethyl)-1-chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (274 mg, 1.00 mmol), then the reaction mixture was stirred first for 4 h, then at room temperature overnight (monitoring of conversion by HPLC). For workup, the precipitate present was filtered off, and the filtrate was admixed and extracted with ethyl acetate/water. The aqueous phase was extracted twice more with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried with sodium sulphate, filtered, and concentrated and dried under reduced pressure. 323 mg (87% of theory) of the title compound were obtained, which was used further as such.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =2.12 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=376 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: 1.377 (16.00), 4.946 (1.13), 4.962 (1.09).

Intermediate 110

tert-Butyl (5RS)-2-(3-chlorobenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

To tert-butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (200 mg, 836 μmol) and caesium carbonate (409 mg, 1.25 mmol) in 8.0 ml of acetonitrile was added 1-(bromomethyl)-3-chlorobenzene (130 μl, 1.0 mmol), then the reaction mixture was stirred first for 4 h, then at room temperature overnight (monitoring of conversion by HPLC). For workup, the precipitate present was filtered off, and the filtrate was admixed and extracted with ethyl acetate/water. The aqueous phase was extracted twice more with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried with sodium sulphate, filtered, and concentrated and dried under reduced pressure. 284 mg (84% purity, 78% of theory) of the title compound were obtained, which was converted further as such.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.91 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=308 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: 1.395 (16.00), 1.406 (0.97), 1.988 (0.71), 4.856 (1.40), 4.862 (1.37), 7.360 (1.24), 7.379 (0.68).

Intermediate 111

tert-Butyl (5RS)-2-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

›A. EXAMPLES · 26 of 57

The aqueous phase was extracted twice more with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried with sodium sulphate, filtered, and concentrated and dried under reduced pressure. 330 mg (78% purity, 77% of theory) of the title compound were obtained, which was converted further as such.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =1.08 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=398 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.392 (16.00), 4.867 (1.86), 7.503 (0.82), 7.508 (0.81), 7.610 (1.04), 7.631 (0.95).

Intermediate 112

Methyl (5RS)-methyl-2-(4-methylbenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-methyl-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (40.0 mg, 189 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (2.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (67.9 mg, 208 μmol) and 1-(bromomethyl)-4-methylbenzene (36.8 mg, 199 μmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 32.0 mg (54% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.59 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=316 [M+H] +

Intermediate 113

tert-Butyl (5RS,7RS)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2-{[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Diastereomer Mixture; 4 Isomers)

tert-Butyl (5RS,7RS)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (diastereomer mixture, 4 isomers) (238 mg, 940 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (10 ml). Caesium carbonate (612 mg, 1.88 mmol) and 5-(bromomethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (237 mg, 987 μmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over magnesium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 383 mg (92% purity, 91% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =1.30 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=357 [M−tBu+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: −0.008 (1.52), 0.008 (1.72), 1.012 (2.06), 1.028 (2.14), 1.371 (0.43), 1.406 (16.00), 2.217 (0.48), 2.230 (0.62), 2.258 (0.49), 4.295 (0.45), 4.305 (0.44), 4.835 (0.45), 5.019 (2.25), 7.922 (1.31), 7.936 (0.83), 8.668 (0.83).

Intermediate 114

Ethyl (5RS,6RS)-6-methyl-2-(4-methylbenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Diastereomer Mixture; 4 Isomers)

Ethyl (5RS,6RS)-6-methyl-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (diastereomer mixture, 4 isomers) (80.0 mg, 355 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (3.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (174 mg, 533 μmol) and 1-(bromomethyl)-4-methylbenzene (69.0 mg, 373 μmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over magnesium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 108 mg (71% purity, 65% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.94 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=330 [M+H] +

Intermediate 115

Ethyl (5RS,7RS)-2-(4-methylbenzyl)-3-oxo-7-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Diastereomer Mixture; 4 Isomers)

Ethyl (5RS,7RS)-3-oxo-7-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (diastereomer mixture, 4 isomers) (80.0 mg, 287 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (3.5 ml). Caesium carbonate (140 mg, 430 μmol) and 1-(bromomethyl)-4-methylbenzene (55.7 mg, 301 μmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over magnesium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 102 mg (81% purity, 75% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =1.33 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=384 [M+H] +

Intermediate 116

Methyl ((5RS)-2-[2-(4-methylphenyl)ethyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (180 mg, 913 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (8.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (312 mg, 959 μmol) and 1-(2-bromoethyl)-4-methylbenzene (200 mg, 1.00 mmol, CAS 6529-51-7) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 88.0 mg (30% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

›A. EXAMPLES · 27 of 57

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.85 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=316 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: 1.356 (0.66), 2.257 (8.94), 2.567 (0.54), 2.579 (0.46), 2.588 (0.48), 2.649 (0.66), 2.870 (0.95), 2.885 (1.81), 2.900 (1.02), 3.680 (12.74), 3.783 (0.71), 3.788 (0.75), 3.798 (1.46), 3.804 (1.47), 3.813 (0.68), 3.819 (0.66), 4.525 (0.70), 4.533 (0.78), 4.538 (0.88), 4.546 (0.69), 7.085 (16.00).

Intermediate 117

tert-Butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexyl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Diastereomer Mixture; 4 Isomers)

To tert-butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (250 mg, 1.04 mmol) and caesium carbonate (511 mg, 1.57 mmol) in 15 ml of acetonitrile was added 1-(bromomethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexane (diastereomer mixture; 2 isomers) (307 mg, 1.25 mmol), then the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, then for a further 24 h. For further conversion, there were two more additions of 1-(bromomethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexane (128 mg, 522 μmol each time) and caesium carbonate (272 mg, 836 μmol each time) and stirring for a further 24 h each time (monitoring of conversion by HPLC). For workup, the mixture was concentrated, and the residue was taken up and extracted with ethyl acetate/water. The aqueous phase was extracted twice more with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried with sodium sulphate, filtered, and concentrated and dried under reduced pressure. 466 mg (81% purity, 90% of theory) of the title compound were obtained, which was converted further as such.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =1.08 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=404 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.008 (1.25), 1.395 (16.00), 1.406 (2.62), 1.420 (1.08), 1.499 (1.33), 1.508 (0.84), 1.522 (0.93), 1.546 (0.75), 1.595 (0.83), 1.606 (1.20), 1.625 (1.14), 1.643 (1.63), 3.287 (0.76), 3.563 (2.36), 3.581 (2.34).

Intermediate 118

tert-Butyl (5RS)-2-[(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Racemate)

To tert-butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (67.4 mg, 282 μmol) and caesium carbonate (138 mg, 422 μmol) in 4.0 ml of acetonitrile was added 4-(bromomethyl)-1,1-difluorocyclohexane (72.0 mg, 338 μmol), then the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature over a weekend. For workup, the precipitate present was filtered off, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was taken up and extracted with ethyl acetate/water. The aqueous phase was extracted twice more with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried with sodium sulphate, filtered, and concentrated and dried under reduced pressure. The residue was separated by preparative HPLC (column: Kromasil C18, 125×30 mm, 10 μm, eluent: acetonitrile (B)/water+0.1% TFA (A), gradient: 0 min 90% A, 6 min 90% A, 18 min 5% A, 20 min 5% A, 21 min 90% A, flow rate: 75 ml/min, detector: 210 nm). By combining the product-containing fractions, after removal of the solvents under reduced pressure, 41.0 mg (39% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 6): R t =1.76 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=372 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: 1.396 (16.00), 2.072 (2.01), 3.528 (1.35), 3.545 (1.33), 4.399 (0.62).

Intermediate 119

(5S)-2-[(6-Chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazole-5-carboxylic Acid (Enantiomer)

Methyl (5S)-2-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazole-5-carboxylate (enantiomer) (430 mg, 1.39 mmol) was initially charged in THF (10 ml), and lithium hydroxide (167 mg, 6.96 mmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring at room temperature overnight, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure at room temperature and then admixed with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 185 mg (45% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =0.71 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=295 [M+H] +

Intermediate 120

(5S)-3-Oxo-2-{[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazole-5-carboxylic Acid (Enantiomer)

Methyl (5S)-3-oxo-2-{[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazole-5-carboxylate (enantiomer) (441 mg, 1.29 mmol) was initially charged in THF (10 ml), and lithium hydroxide (154 mg, 6.44 mmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 376 mg (89% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =0.85 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=329 [M+H] +

Intermediate 121

(5S)-2-(4-Methylbenzyl)-3-oxo-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazole-5-carboxylic Acid (Enantiomer)

Methyl (5S)-2-(4-methylbenzyl)-3-oxo-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazole-5-carboxylate (enantiomer) (280 mg, 975 μmol) was initially charged in THF (4.0 ml), and lithium hydroxide (117 mg, 4.87 mmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring at room temperature overnight, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure at room temperature and then admixed with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 251 mg (94% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

›A. EXAMPLES · 28 of 57

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.59 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=274 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: 0.008 (0.73), 1.157 (0.99), 1.174 (2.01), 1.192 (1.01), 1.988 (3.62), 2.274 (10.45), 2.423 (0.43), 2.430 (0.52), 2.439 (0.46), 2.446 (0.46), 2.455 (0.52), 2.463 (0.55), 2.708 (1.26), 2.720 (0.84), 2.730 (2.22), 2.745 (1.81), 2.822 (0.50), 2.841 (0.44), 2.853 (0.62), 2.876 (0.50), 4.020 (0.87), 4.038 (0.87), 4.603 (1.09), 4.610 (1.19), 4.625 (1.25), 4.633 (1.04), 4.708 (0.51), 4.747 (2.97), 4.761 (2.99), 4.800 (0.51), 7.140 (16.00), 13.346 (0.50).

Intermediate 122

(5S)-2-(3-Chloro-4-fluorobenzyl)-3-oxo-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazole-5-carboxylic Acid (Enantiomer)

Methyl (5S)-2-(3-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl)-3-oxo-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazole-5-carboxylate (enantiomer) (460 mg, 1.41 mmol) was initially charged in THF (10 ml), and lithium hydroxide (169 mg, 7.06 mmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 281 mg (64% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.12 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=312 [M+H] +

Intermediate 123

(5S)-2-[(2-Chloropyridin-4-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazole-5-carboxylic Acid (Enantiomer)

Methyl (5S)-2-[(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazole-5-carboxylate (enantiomer) (250 mg, 810 μmol) was initially charged in THF (7.5 ml), and lithium hydroxide (97.0 mg, 4.05 mmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 230 mg (96% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.43 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=295 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.149 (0.93), 0.145 (0.82), 2.371 (1.71), 2.715 (1.98), 2.758 (4.35), 2.781 (8.27), 2.795 (7.03), 2.838 (1.67), 2.861 (2.25), 2.891 (2.91), 2.915 (1.98), 4.532 (0.78), 4.662 (3.88), 4.670 (4.35), 4.685 (4.43), 4.692 (3.88), 4.887 (0.78), 4.931 (16.00), 7.253 (5.63), 7.266 (5.79), 7.340 (10.10), 8.377 (7.65), 8.389 (7.61), 11.255 (1.01).

Intermediate 124

(5S)-3-Oxo-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazole-5-carboxylic Acid (Enantiomer)

Methyl (5S)-3-oxo-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazole-5-carboxylate (enantiomer) (150 mg, 440 μmol) was initially charged in THF (4.5 ml), and lithium hydroxide (52.6 mg, 2.20 mmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 129 mg (90% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.70 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=328 [M+H] +

Intermediate 125

(5RS)-2-(4-Methylbenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Racemate)

Variant a)

Methyl (5RS)-2-(4-methylbenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (854 mg, 95% purity, 2.69 mmol) was initially charged in 20 ml of THF/water (3:1), lithium hydroxide (322 mg, 13.5 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. For workup, the mixture was diluted with water, acidified with 1 N hydrochloric acid, dichloromethane and a little saturated sodium chloride solution were added, and the mixture was extracted. The aqueous phase was extracted twice more with dichloromethane, and the combined organic phases were washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate, concentrated and dried under reduced pressure. This gave 436 mg (56% of theory) of the title compound.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.15 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=288 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 2.075 (0.98), 2.084 (0.97), 2.092 (0.92), 2.272 (9.23), 4.458 (1.29), 4.770 (4.43), 7.128 (16.00).

Variant b)

To a solution of tert-butyl (5RS)-2-(4-methylbenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (7.14 g, 20.8 mmol) in 100 ml of dichloromethane were added 10 ml (130 mmol) of trifluoroacetic acid, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. After addition of a further 5 ml (65 mmol) of trifluoroacetic acid and stirring at room temperature for a further day, the mixture was admixed with 14 ml of 3 N NaOH while cooling with an ice bath and stirring vigorously, diluted with dichloromethane/water and extracted. The aqueous phase was extracted twice more with dichloromethane, and the combined organic phases were washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate, concentrated and dried under reduced pressure.

The product thus obtained (6.63 g, >100% of theory) was used without further purification.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.18 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=288 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: −0.008 (1.24), 0.008 (1.06), 1.397 (0.62), 1.534 (0.77), 2.272 (8.87), 4.459 (1.36), 4.770 (4.02), 7.128 (16.00).

Intermediate 126

(5RS)-2-[4-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)benzyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-2-[4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)benzyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (676 mg, 87% purity, 1.52 mmol) was initially charged in 15 ml of THF/water, lithium hydroxide (182 mg, 7.59 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. For workup, the mixture was adjusted to pH 6 with 1 N hydrochloric acid, admixed with dichloromethane and extracted. The aqueous phase was extracted twice more with dichloromethane, and the combined organic phases were washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate, concentrated and dried under reduced pressure. This gave a product fraction of 99 mg (71% purity, 12% of theory).

›A. EXAMPLES · 29 of 57

The likewise product-containing aqueous phase was adjusted to pH 3 with 1 N hydrochloric acid, admixed with ethyl acetate and extracted a total of three times. The combined ethyl acetate phases were washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate, and concentrated and dried under reduced pressure. This gave 147 mg (26% of theory) of the title compound.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.53 min; MS (ESIneg): m/z=372 [M−H] −

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: 1.536 (16.00), 4.911 (2.17), 7.328 (1.14), 7.349 (1.23), 7.846 (1.40), 7.867 (1.28).

Intermediate 127

(5RS)-2-[(1 RS)-1-(4-Chlorophenyl)ethyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Diastereomer Mixture; 4 Isomers)

To a solution of tert-butyl (5RS)-2-[(1RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (diastereomer mixture; 4 isomers) (755 mg, 2.00 mmol) in 10 ml of dichloromethane were added 1.2 ml (16 mmol) of trifluoroacetic acid, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. After addition of a further 600 μl (7.8 mmol) of trifluoroacetic acid and stirring at room temperature for a further 5 h, the mixture was adjusted to pH 3 with 3 N NaOH while cooling with an ice bath and stirring vigorously, diluted with dichloromethane/water and extracted. The aqueous phase was extracted twice more with dichloromethane, and the combined organic phases were washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate, concentrated and dried under reduced pressure. In this way, 392 mg (79% purity, 48% of theory) of the title compound were obtained as a diastereomer mixture.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.33 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=322 [M+H] + ; R t =1.36 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=322 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.149 (1.83), −0.008 (16.00), 0.008 (13.62), 0.146 (1.78), 1.110 (3.38), 1.288 (4.30), 1.304 (4.30), 1.329 (5.07), 1.406 (11.38), 1.595 (12.57), 1.607 (12.53), 1.613 (13.39), 1.625 (11.70), 2.076 (5.07), 2.580 (3.20), 2.664 (3.47), 2.710 (2.42), 3.286 (7.04), 4.426 (3.15), 4.450 (3.43), 5.326 (3.06), 5.344 (3.29), 7.309 (5.62), 7.319 (4.94), 7.325 (4.75), 7.331 (10.88), 7.340 (10.10), 7.346 (4.25), 7.353 (4.30), 7.355 (14.45), 7.375 (11.93), 7.379 (15.41), 7.385 (4.75), 7.396 (6.86), 7.401 (7.54), 7.484 (4.66).

Intermediate 128

(5RS)-3-Oxo-2-(4-sulphamoylbenzyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Racemate)

To a solution of tert-butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2-(4-sulphamoylbenzyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (35.0 mg, 85.7 μmol) in 5.0 ml of dichloromethane were added 500 μl (6.5 mmol) of trifluoroacetic acid, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature over a weekend. For workup, the mixture was concentrated and dried under reduced pressure. In this way, 30 mg (99% of theory) of the title compound were obtained, which was used further without additional purification.

LC-MS (Method 6): R t =0.66 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=353 [M+H] +

Intermediate 129

(5RS)-2-[4-(Methylsulphanyl)benzyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Racemate)

To a solution of tert-butyl (5RS)-2-[4-(methylsulphanyl)benzyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (160 mg, 89% purity, 379 μmol) in 5.0 ml of dichloromethane were added 500 μl (6.5 mmol) of trifluoroacetic acid, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature over a weekend. For further conversion, another 100 μl (1.3 mmol) of trifluoroacetic acid were added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for a further day (monitoring of conversion by HPLC). For workup, the mixture was adjusted to pH 3 with 3 N NaOH while cooling with an ice bath and stirring vigorously, diluted with dichloromethane/water and extracted. The aqueous phase was extracted twice more with dichloromethane, and the combined organic phases were washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate, concentrated and dried under reduced pressure. 137 mg (109% of theory) of the title compound were obtained, which was converted further as such.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.20 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=320 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.008 (2.62), 0.008 (2.24), 1.396 (0.96), 2.452 (16.00), 4.461 (1.33), 4.782 (4.61), 5.754 (0.68), 7.174 (1.26), 7.196 (3.98), 7.215 (4.58), 7.221 (1.06), 7.237 (1.41).

Intermediate 130

(5RS)-2-[(6-Chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Racemate)

To a solution of tert-butyl (5RS)-2-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (1.84 g, 5.04 mmol) in 25 ml of dichloromethane were added 5.0 ml (65 mmol) of trifluoroacetic acid, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. For workup, the mixture was adjusted to pH 3 with 3 N NaOH while cooling with an ice bath and stirring vigorously, diluted with water and extracted twice with dichloromethane. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over magnesium sulphate, concentrated and dried under reduced pressure. 1.59 g (92% purity, 94% of theory) of the title compound were obtained, which was converted further as such.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =0.83 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=309 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: −0.008 (1.94), 0.008 (1.83), 1.157 (3.09), 1.175 (6.27), 1.193 (3.15), 1.387 (3.56), 1.406 (0.95), 1.506 (0.97), 1.519 (1.00), 1.534 (0.85), 1.795 (0.84), 1.809 (1.23), 1.820 (1.25), 1.830 (1.04), 1.841 (1.01), 1.909 (1.25), 1.988 (11.31), 2.069 (1.57), 2.078 (2.11), 2.084 (2.94), 2.090 (3.28), 2.101 (3.07), 2.113 (1.63), 2.568 (1.70), 2.582 (1.28), 2.614 (1.39), 2.627 (2.10), 2.636 (1.49), 2.656 (0.78), 2.666 (1.09), 4.003 (1.24), 4.021 (3.03), 4.038 (3.02), 4.056 (1.29), 4.218 (0.77), 4.462 (2.60), 4.474 (4.68), 4.487 (2.49), 4.828 (1.17), 4.910 (16.00), 5.093 (0.74), 7.500 (4.57), 7.521 (5.54), 7.703 (3.17), 7.709 (3.32), 7.724 (2.78), 7.730 (2.79), 8.310 (4.06), 8.316 (3.98).

›A. EXAMPLES · 30 of 57

Intermediate 131

(5RS)-2-[(5-Chloropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Racemate)

To a solution of tert-butyl (5RS)-2-[(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (268 mg, 82% purity, 602 μmol) in 3.0 ml of dichloromethane were added 600 μl (7.8 mmol) of trifluoroacetic acid, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. For workup, the mixture was concentrated and dried under reduced pressure. In this way, 220 mg (80% purity, 95% of theory) of the title compound were obtained, which was used further without additional purification.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =0.87 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=309 [M+H] +

Intermediate 132

(5RS)-2-[(6-Cyanopyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Racemate)

To a solution of tert-butyl (5RS)-2-[(6-cyanopyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (303 mg, 853 μmol) in 8.0 ml of dichloromethane were added 1.0 ml (13 mmol) of trifluoroacetic acid, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. For further conversion, another 200 μl (2.6 mmol) and 100 μl (1.3 mmol) of trifluoroacetic acid were added and the mixture was stirred for a further 3.5 h and 2.5 h respectively. (Monitoring of conversion by HPLC and LC-MS). For workup, the mixture was diluted with dichloromethane/water and extracted. The aqueous phase was extracted twice more with dichloromethane, and the combined organic phases were washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate, concentrated and dried under reduced pressure. 191 mg (67% purity, 50% of theory) of the title compound were obtained, which was converted further as such.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =0.72 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=300 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.149 (0.84), −0.008 (6.61), 0.008 (6.11), 0.146 (0.76), 1.394 (4.32), 1.400 (16.00), 2.094 (1.18), 2.366 (0.89), 2.665 (0.82), 2.710 (0.84), 4.489 (1.34), 4.985 (1.87), 5.034 (4.55), 5.754 (1.79), 7.851 (0.71), 7.857 (0.76), 7.871 (1.00), 7.876 (0.95), 7.978 (0.74), 8.000 (1.24), 8.023 (1.58), 8.043 (1.26), 8.633 (1.26), 8.638 (1.26).

Intermediate 133

(5RS)-2-[4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Racemate)

To a solution of tert-butyl (5RS)-2-[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (332 mg, 97% purity, 746 μmol) in 7.0 ml of dichloromethane were added 700 μl (9.1 mmol) of trifluoroacetic acid, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h. For further conversion, another 200 μl (2.6 mmol) of trifluoroacetic acid were added and the mixture was stirred further overnight. For workup, the mixture was diluted with dichloromethane/water and extracted. The aqueous phase was extracted twice more with dichloromethane, and the combined organic phases were washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate, concentrated and dried under reduced pressure. 273 mg (94% of theory) of the title compound were obtained, which was used further as such.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.50 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=376 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: −0.149 (0.97), −0.008 (8.63), 0.008 (7.66), 0.146 (0.97), 1.034 (1.14), 1.050 (1.12), 1.377 (3.67), 1.506 (1.07), 1.519 (1.07), 1.534 (0.97), 1.800 (0.90), 1.814 (1.34), 1.824 (1.34), 1.835 (1.09), 1.846 (1.14), 2.076 (1.56), 2.084 (2.31), 2.098 (3.87), 2.108 (3.57), 2.120 (1.92), 2.366 (0.73), 2.519 (2.21), 2.561 (2.04), 2.574 (2.04), 2.588 (1.53), 2.620 (1.53), 2.633 (2.36), 2.643 (1.68), 2.662 (0.97), 2.675 (1.34), 2.685 (0.71), 2.710 (0.75), 3.168 (1.00), 3.508 (2.38), 4.477 (2.63), 4.488 (4.98), 4.501 (2.58), 4.956 (16.00), 7.523 (2.31), 7.529 (2.38), 7.544 (2.99), 7.549 (3.06), 7.706 (5.16), 7.727 (4.21), 7.748 (5.47), 7.754 (5.23), 13.264 (0.73).

Intermediate 134

(5RS)-2-(3-Chlorobenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Racemate)

To a solution of tert-butyl (5RS)-2-(3-chlorobenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (284 mg, 84% purity, 656 μmol) in 6.0 ml of dichloromethane were added 600 μl (7.8 mmol) of trifluoroacetic acid, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h. For further conversion, another 200 μl (2.6 mmol) of trifluoroacetic acid were added and the mixture was stirred further overnight. For workup, the mixture was diluted with dichloromethane/water and extracted. The aqueous phase was extracted twice more with dichloromethane, and the combined organic phases were washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate, concentrated and dried under reduced pressure. 224 mg (83% purity, 92% of theory) of the title compound were obtained, which was converted further as such.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.20 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=308 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.149 (1.79), −0.008 (16.00), 0.008 (14.92), 0.146 (1.88), 1.147 (1.13), 1.396 (0.56), 2.091 (0.71), 2.323 (0.56), 2.327 (0.89), 2.332 (0.66), 2.366 (1.46), 2.665 (0.80), 2.669 (1.04), 2.674 (0.94), 2.709 (1.55), 3.168 (1.55), 4.486 (0.89), 4.859 (3.48), 7.197 (0.56), 7.214 (0.71), 7.288 (0.99), 7.351 (0.85), 7.356 (2.02), 7.374 (0.89).

Alternative Synthesis:

Methyl (5RS)-2-(3-chlorobenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (63.0 mg, 196 μmol) was initially charged in THF (2.5 ml), and lithium hydroxide (23.4 mg, 979 μmol) dissolved in water (2.5 ml) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 65 h, and then water and 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid were added. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted repeatedly with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 55.0 mg (91% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

›A. EXAMPLES · 31 of 57

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.68 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=308 [M+H] +

Intermediate 135

(5RS)-2-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Racemate)

To a solution of tert-butyl (5RS)-2-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (330 mg, 78% purity, 646 μmol) in 8.0 ml of dichloromethane were added 900 μl (12 mmol) of trifluoroacetic acid, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. For further conversion, another 100 μl (1.3 mmol) of trifluoroacetic acid were added and the mixture was stirred further for 5 h. For workup, the mixture was diluted with dichloromethane/water and extracted. The aqueous phase was extracted twice more with dichloromethane, and the combined organic phases were washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate, concentrated and dried under reduced pressure. 282 mg (80% purity, >100%) of the title compound were obtained, which was converted further as such.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.39 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=342 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.008 (0.99), 0.008 (0.93), 1.365 (0.65), 1.392 (6.32), 1.510 (0.93), 1.523 (0.96), 1.535 (1.07), 1.538 (0.85), 1.801 (0.81), 1.811 (1.13), 1.815 (1.18), 1.825 (1.21), 1.836 (1.01), 1.847 (1.01), 2.077 (1.57), 2.086 (2.08), 2.092 (2.91), 2.099 (3.24), 2.108 (3.04), 2.121 (1.63), 2.521 (1.06), 2.563 (1.64), 2.576 (1.70), 2.591 (1.29), 2.621 (1.34), 2.631 (1.97), 2.635 (2.09), 2.644 (1.52), 2.664 (0.79), 2.674 (1.03), 4.475 (2.28), 4.487 (4.46), 4.499 (2.26), 4.706 (0.69), 4.868 (16.00), 5.423 (1.28), 7.221 (2.81), 7.226 (2.94), 7.242 (3.18), 7.247 (3.31), 7.486 (4.76), 7.491 (4.55), 7.603 (7.05), 7.623 (6.45), 7.631 (0.66).

Intermediate 136

(5RS)-2-(3,5-Dichlorobenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid Hydrochloride (Racemate)

tert-Butyl (5RS)-2-(3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (445 mg, 1.12 mmol) was dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (2.0 ml), and hydrochloric acid dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (2.8 ml, 4.0 M, 11 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h and then hydrochloric acid dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (2.8 ml, 4.0 M, 11 mmol) was added again. After stirring at room temperature overnight, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and 493 mg (79% purity, 92% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.80 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=342 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: −0.008 (0.80), 0.008 (0.72), 1.175 (0.65), 1.192 (0.78), 1.235 (2.38), 1.395 (4.05), 1.406 (0.88), 1.477 (0.72), 1.496 (1.12), 1.512 (1.51), 1.525 (1.58), 1.540 (1.34), 1.553 (0.93), 1.572 (0.46), 1.808 (1.37), 1.820 (1.91), 1.831 (1.83), 1.842 (1.54), 1.853 (1.50), 1.909 (0.89), 1.988 (0.76), 2.086 (2.68), 2.100 (4.49), 2.107 (4.86), 2.116 (4.43), 2.128 (2.41), 2.560 (3.08), 2.574 (2.23), 2.587 (2.34), 2.602 (1.96), 2.635 (1.94), 2.646 (3.14), 2.656 (2.27), 2.676 (1.29), 2.686 (1.41), 2.698 (0.88), 3.365 (2.96), 3.451 (0.75), 3.463 (0.96), 3.475 (1.00), 3.492 (0.94), 3.504 (0.77), 3.515 (0.42), 3.656 (0.43), 3.667 (0.74), 3.679 (0.85), 3.690 (0.41), 3.699 (0.83), 3.713 (0.61), 4.377 (0.62), 4.490 (3.41), 4.503 (9.30), 4.514 (3.22), 4.768 (0.61), 4.845 (0.78), 4.886 (13.41), 4.931 (0.74), 7.279 (15.72), 7.284 (16.00), 7.299 (0.60), 7.303 (0.53), 7.347 (2.08), 7.352 (2.18), 7.414 (0.50), 7.419 (0.52), 7.451 (1.08), 7.533 (3.64), 7.538 (6.48), 7.543 (3.88), 11.356 (0.56), 13.281 (0.55).

Intermediate 137

(5RS)-3-Oxo-2-{[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid:Trifluoroacetic Acid (Racemate)

tert-Butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2-{[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (364 mg, 913 μmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (10 ml), and trifluoroacetic acid (1.1 ml, 14 mmol) was added at room temperature. After the reaction mixture had been stirred at room temperature overnight, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. 465 mg (>100%) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.58 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=343 [M+H] +

Intermediate 138

(5RS)-2-(3,4-Difluorobenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid Hydrochloride (Racemate)

tert-Butyl (5S,R)-2-(3,4-difluorobenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (451 mg, 1.23 mmol) was dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (10 ml, 120 mmol), and hydrochloric acid dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (3.1 ml, 4.0 M, 12 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 65 h and at 50° C. overnight. Hydrochloric acid dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (3.1 ml, 4.0 M, 12 mmol) was added again, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and 420 mg (98% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: −0.008 (3.02), 0.008 (2.73), 1.393 (1.69), 1.810 (0.44), 2.098 (1.23), 2.107 (1.13), 2.327 (0.53), 2.562 (0.67), 2.575 (0.60), 2.589 (0.48), 2.621 (0.48), 2.631 (0.77), 2.642 (0.55), 2.670 (0.77), 3.568 (16.00), 4.472 (0.85), 4.484 (1.55), 4.496 (0.75), 4.849 (4.79), 7.101 (0.55), 7.236 (0.48), 7.265 (0.57), 7.285 (0.50), 7.370 (0.55), 7.392 (1.04), 7.398 (0.62), 7.413 (0.59), 7.419 (1.09), 7.440 (0.52).

Intermediate 139

(5RS)-2-(3-Chloro-4-fluorobenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid Hydrochloride (Racemate)

tert-Butyl (5RS)-2-(3-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (391 mg, 1.02 mmol) was dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (10 ml, 120 mmol), and hydrochloric acid dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (2.6 ml, 4.0 M, 10 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 65 h and at 50° C. for 3 h. Hydrochloric acid dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (1.3 ml, 4.0 M, 5 mmol) was added again, and the mixture was stirred at 50° C. overnight. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and 350 mg (94% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

›A. EXAMPLES · 32 of 57

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.008 (1.11), 0.008 (1.07), 1.391 (4.37), 1.476 (0.51), 1.492 (0.77), 1.510 (1.08), 1.523 (1.11), 1.538 (0.96), 1.551 (0.66), 1.799 (0.95), 1.812 (1.39), 1.822 (1.40), 1.833 (1.20), 1.844 (1.17), 1.909 (1.18), 2.090 (3.55), 2.097 (3.78), 2.106 (3.58), 2.118 (1.94), 2.519 (1.90), 2.561 (1.92), 2.574 (1.91), 2.589 (1.51), 2.620 (1.53), 2.633 (2.43), 2.643 (1.77), 2.662 (0.94), 2.672 (1.24), 2.685 (0.72), 3.390 (0.80), 3.484 (0.41), 3.492 (0.65), 3.502 (0.60), 3.593 (0.97), 3.671 (0.58), 3.681 (0.64), 3.700 (0.63), 3.709 (0.46), 3.733 (0.41), 3.831 (0.41), 3.840 (0.70), 3.860 (0.72), 4.020 (0.56), 4.189 (0.69), 4.210 (0.69), 4.323 (0.51), 4.329 (0.91), 4.472 (2.61), 4.484 (4.91), 4.496 (2.54), 4.767 (0.52), 4.852 (16.00), 6.348 (0.77), 7.239 (1.31), 7.245 (1.45), 7.251 (1.51), 7.256 (1.74), 7.260 (2.09), 7.266 (2.12), 7.272 (1.95), 7.278 (1.93), 7.368 (3.87), 7.377 (0.46), 7.391 (4.96), 7.413 (2.96), 7.431 (2.61), 7.436 (2.49), 7.448 (2.69), 7.454 (2.57), 8.133 (0.53).

Intermediate 140

(5RS)-2-[(2-Methoxypyridin-4-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid Hydrochloride (Racemate)

tert-Butyl (5RS)-2-[(2-methoxypyridin-4-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (144 mg, 400 μmol) was dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (4.0 ml, 47 mmol), and hydrochloric acid dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (1000 μl, 4.0 M, 4.0 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 65 h and at 50° C. overnight. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and 165 mg (>100%) of the title compound were obtained.

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): d [ppm]=1.46-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.79-1.89 (m, 2H), 2.05-2.15 (m, 2H), 3.83 (s, 3H) 4.49 (d, 1H), 4.85 (d, 2H), 6.59 (s, 1H), 6.82 (d, 1H), 8.10 (d, 1H). 1.53 (s, 2H), 1.83 (s, 2H), 2.11 (br s, 5H), 2.63-2.71 (m, 5H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 4.49 (d, 2H), 4.68 (s, 1H), 4.66-4.70 (m, 1H), 4.85 (d, 2H), 6.04 (s, 1H), 6.59 (s, 1H), 6.82 (d, 1H), 7.32 (s, 1H), 8.10 (d, 1H).

Intermediate 141

(5RS)-2-(3-Chloro-4-methoxybenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid:Trifluoroacetic Acid (Racemate)

tert-Butyl (5RS)-2-(3-chloro-4-methoxybenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (365 mg, 925 μmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (20 ml), and trifluoroacetic acid (710 μl, 9.3 mmol) was added at room temperature. After the reaction mixture had been stirred at room temperature for 48 h, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. 454 mg (>100%) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.66 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=338 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: −0.008 (0.90), 0.008 (0.79), 1.111 (1.03), 1.157 (0.90), 1.175 (1.82), 1.193 (0.92), 1.228 (0.41), 1.391 (1.94), 1.474 (0.43), 1.488 (0.67), 1.508 (0.88), 1.522 (0.94), 1.535 (2.44), 1.550 (0.56), 1.790 (0.81), 1.802 (1.21), 1.813 (1.21), 1.824 (1.06), 1.835 (1.01), 1.848 (0.68), 1.988 (3.28), 2.067 (1.72), 2.080 (3.10), 2.087 (3.19), 2.096 (2.97), 2.108 (1.57), 2.520 (1.36), 2.563 (1.66), 2.577 (1.26), 2.609 (1.33), 2.620 (2.11), 2.631 (1.48), 2.650 (0.75), 2.661 (1.03), 2.673 (0.66), 2.690 (0.53), 2.731 (2.17), 2.890 (2.79), 4.021 (0.77), 4.039 (0.76), 4.458 (2.30), 4.470 (4.46), 4.482 (2.24), 4.771 (16.00), 5.753 (1.45), 7.094 (4.56), 7.115 (6.97), 7.185 (3.46), 7.190 (3.61), 7.206 (2.20), 7.211 (2.39), 7.298 (5.41), 7.303 (4.82).

Intermediate 142

(5RS)-2-(3-Fluorobenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid Hydrochloride (Racemate)

tert-Butyl (5RS)-2-(3-fluorobenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (150 mg, 432 μmol) was dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (4.3 ml, 51 mmol), and hydrochloric acid dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (1.1 ml, 4.0 M, 4.3 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 65 h. Hydrochloric acid dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (1.1 ml, 4.0 M, 4.3 mmol) was added again, and the mixture was stirred at 50° C. overnight. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and 165 mg (89% purity, >100%) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.59 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=292 [M+H] +

Intermediate 143

(5RS)-2-(3-Methoxybenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid:Trifluoroacetic Acid (Racemate)

tert-Butyl (5RS)-2-(3-methoxybenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (340 mg, 947 μmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (20 ml), and trifluoroacetic acid (730 μl, 9.5 mmol) was added at room temperature. After the reaction mixture had been stirred at room temperature overnight, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. 435 mg (>100%) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.04 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=304 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.008 (1.85), 0.008 (1.73), 1.111 (1.34), 1.399 (3.15), 1.482 (0.86), 1.515 (1.77), 1.534 (5.41), 1.544 (1.65), 1.557 (1.10), 1.576 (0.53), 1.797 (1.69), 1.810 (2.41), 1.820 (2.43), 1.831 (2.06), 1.843 (1.97), 1.855 (1.32), 1.988 (0.50), 2.047 (0.43), 2.075 (3.45), 2.088 (6.07), 2.095 (6.31), 2.105 (5.87), 2.117 (3.12), 2.328 (0.42), 2.524 (1.98), 2.569 (3.23), 2.583 (2.50), 2.613 (2.67), 2.626 (4.07), 2.636 (2.95), 2.655 (1.45), 2.666 (2.17), 2.678 (1.24), 3.696 (0.64), 3.705 (0.58), 3.750 (0.42), 3.765 (1.85), 4.466 (4.47), 4.477 (8.57), 4.490 (4.32), 4.759 (1.51), 4.799 (16.00), 4.805 (15.56), 4.845 (1.43), 5.398 (0.68), 5.753 (4.67), 6.789 (14.05), 6.809 (6.64), 6.824 (4.19), 6.830 (3.47), 6.845 (4.90), 6.851 (4.14), 7.220 (6.34), 7.240 (8.92), 7.259 (4.69).

Intermediate 144

(5RS)-3-Oxo-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid:Trifluoroacetic Acid (Racemate)

tert-Butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (388 mg, 975 μmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (20 ml), and trifluoroacetic acid (750 μl, 9.8 mmol) was added at room temperature. After the reaction mixture had been stirred at room temperature overnight, trifluoroacetic acid (750 μl, 9.8 mmol) was added again. After stirring at 40° C. for 2 h, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. 534 mg (>100%) of the title compound were obtained.

›A. EXAMPLES · 33 of 57

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.34 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=342 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.110 (0.81), 1.385 (1.82), 1.535 (3.66), 1.815 (1.57), 2.100 (4.20), 2.328 (0.90), 2.562 (2.17), 2.575 (2.21), 2.590 (1.50), 2.634 (2.53), 2.674 (1.98), 4.482 (2.72), 4.493 (5.55), 4.506 (2.60), 4.958 (16.00), 7.525 (2.56), 7.544 (4.75), 7.569 (2.81), 7.588 (5.17), 7.615 (6.53), 7.649 (4.29), 7.668 (2.58).

Intermediate 145

(5RS)-2-[(1-Methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid:Trifluoroacetic Acid (Racemate)

tert-Butyl (5RS)-2-[(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (150 mg, 450 μmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (3.0 ml), and trifluoroacetic acid (350 μl, 4.5 mmol) was added at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight and then trifluoroacetic acid (350 μl, 4.5 mmol) was added again. After the reaction mixture had been stirred at room temperature overnight, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. 170 mg (97% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.36 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=278 [M+H] +

Intermediate 146

(5RS)-3-Oxo-2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ylmethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid:Trifluoroacetic Acid (Racemate)

tert-Butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ylmethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (280 mg, 730 μmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (5.0 ml), and trifluoroacetic acid (2.0 ml, 26 mmol) was added at room temperature. After the reaction mixture had been stirred at room temperature overnight, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. 320 mg (94% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.81 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=328 [M+H] +

Intermediate 147

(5RS)-2-[(5-Methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-2-[(5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (412 mg, 1.41 mmol) was initially charged in THF (14 ml), and lithium hydroxide (169 mg, 7.05 mmol) dissolved in water (4.0 ml) was added. After stirring at room temperature overnight, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and then admixed with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 136 mg (83% purity, 29% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =0.67 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=279 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: 1.157 (1.10), 1.174 (2.26), 1.181 (0.48), 1.192 (1.13), 1.356 (2.56), 1.405 (0.76), 1.499 (0.43), 1.513 (0.60), 1.526 (0.61), 1.541 (0.53), 1.797 (0.52), 1.809 (0.79), 1.820 (0.78), 1.831 (0.66), 1.842 (0.64), 1.908 (2.86), 1.988 (4.00), 2.083 (1.98), 2.089 (2.11), 2.099 (2.04), 2.111 (1.09), 2.201 (1.26), 2.369 (16.00), 2.561 (1.03), 2.573 (1.03), 2.587 (0.81), 2.617 (0.84), 2.629 (1.39), 2.639 (0.93), 2.659 (0.50), 2.670 (0.78), 4.020 (0.97), 4.038 (0.95), 4.426 (0.98), 4.441 (1.01), 4.450 (1.39), 4.462 (2.65), 4.474 (1.38), 4.807 (0.40), 4.847 (6.28), 4.852 (6.39), 4.892 (0.41), 6.069 (3.43), 6.180 (0.58).

Intermediate 148

(5RS)-3-Oxo-2-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid:Trifluoroacetic Acid (Racemate)

tert-Butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (366 mg, 1.11 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (10 ml), and trifluoroacetic acid (1.7 ml, 22 mmol) was added at room temperature. After the reaction mixture had been stirred at room temperature overnight, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. 442 mg (83% purity, 29% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 9): R t =3.31 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=275 [M+H] +

Intermediate 149

(5RS)-3-Oxo-2-(2,4,5-trifluorobenzyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid:Trifluoroacetic Acid (Racemate)

tert-Butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2-(2,4,5-trifluorobenzyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (390 mg, 1.02 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (8 ml), and trifluoroacetic acid (3.3 ml, 43 mmol) was added at room temperature. After the reaction mixture had been stirred at room temperature overnight, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. 445 mg (95% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.17 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=328 [M+H] +

Intermediate 150

(5RS)-2-[(2-Chloropyridin-4-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid:Trifluoroacetic Acid (Racemate)

tert-Butyl (5RS)-2-[(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (490 mg, 1.34 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (12 ml, 190 mmol), and trifluoroacetic acid (1.9 ml, 25 mmol) was added at room temperature. After the reaction mixture had been stirred at room temperature overnight, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. 581 mg (94% purity, 96% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.50 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=309 [M+H]

Intermediate 151

(5RS)-2-[(5-Chloro-2-thienyl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid:Trifluoroacetic Acid (Racemate)

tert-Butyl (5RS)-2-[(5-chloro-2-thienyl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (414 mg, 1.12 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (10 ml, 160 mmol), and trifluoroacetic acid (1.7 ml, 22 mmol) was added at room temperature. After the reaction mixture had been stirred at room temperature for 5 hours, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. 516 mg (>100%) of the title compound were obtained.

›A. EXAMPLES · 34 of 57

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.16 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=314 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.110 (1.14), 1.384 (7.34), 1.535 (2.17), 1.568 (1.23), 1.802 (2.23), 1.814 (2.29), 1.824 (1.91), 2.058 (3.54), 2.071 (5.97), 2.081 (5.66), 2.328 (1.63), 2.366 (0.97), 2.565 (2.91), 2.578 (2.97), 2.592 (2.34), 2.623 (2.46), 2.635 (3.91), 2.646 (2.66), 2.675 (2.77), 2.710 (1.09), 4.438 (5.80), 4.451 (9.29), 4.463 (5.60), 4.555 (2.31), 4.906 (1.54), 4.945 (15.09), 4.951 (16.00), 4.986 (2.40), 5.560 (1.09), 6.916 (7.37), 6.926 (10.03), 6.973 (13.74), 6.983 (9.74), 7.020 (0.63), 7.079 (0.63).

Intermediate 152

(5RS)-2-[(4-Methyl-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-2-[(4-methyl-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (281 mg, 958 μmol) was initially charged in THF (5.0 ml), and lithium hydroxide (115 mg, 4.79 mmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring at room temperature overnight, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and then admixed with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 91.0 mg (88% purity, 30% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =0.61 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=280 [M+H] +

Intermediate 153

(5RS)-2-(2-Methylbenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-2-(2-methylbenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (196 mg, 650 μmol) was initially charged in THF (5.0 ml), and lithium hydroxide (77.9 mg, 3.25 mmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring at room temperature overnight, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and then admixed with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 150 mg (80% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =0.88 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=288 [M+H] +

Intermediate 154

(5RS)-2-[4-Fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-2-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (569 mg, 1.52 mmol) was initially charged in THF (8.0 ml), and lithium hydroxide (183 mg, 7.62 mmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring at room temperature overnight, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and then admixed with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 251 mg (94% purity, 43% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.77 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=360 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: −0.008 (2.89), 0.008 (2.76), 1.157 (2.61), 1.170 (1.52), 1.175 (5.50), 1.193 (2.73), 1.559 (1.10), 1.748 (1.40), 1.905 (1.45), 1.948 (1.17), 1.988 (10.96), 2.129 (1.67), 2.159 (1.21), 2.328 (0.45), 2.458 (0.96), 2.473 (1.31), 2.595 (2.13), 2.634 (1.08), 2.670 (0.46), 3.314 (0.58), 4.003 (0.74), 4.021 (2.44), 4.039 (2.45), 4.056 (0.80), 4.319 (2.46), 4.328 (2.44), 4.549 (0.88), 4.918 (16.00), 7.458 (2.32), 7.480 (3.39), 7.506 (3.05), 7.587 (1.95), 7.600 (2.29), 7.678 (3.14), 7.696 (3.13).

Intermediate 155

(5RS)-2-[2,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-2-[2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (634 mg, 1.50 mmol) was initially charged in THF (8.0 ml), and lithium hydroxide (179 mg, 7.48 mmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring at room temperature overnight, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and then admixed with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 242 mg (91% purity, 36% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.86 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=410 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: −0.149 (0.54), −0.008 (4.55), 0.008 (3.70), 0.146 (0.50), 1.170 (2.38), 1.234 (0.54), 1.573 (1.56), 1.755 (1.93), 1.949 (1.55), 1.988 (2.59), 2.153 (2.28), 2.188 (1.65), 2.328 (1.13), 2.367 (0.71), 2.611 (2.68), 2.666 (1.51), 2.710 (0.66), 3.313 (2.26), 3.405 (1.49), 4.038 (0.40), 4.324 (2.78), 4.746 (1.49), 4.911 (2.40), 5.082 (16.00), 7.649 (8.11), 7.912 (3.70), 7.932 (6.12), 8.013 (7.38), 8.033 (4.99), 8.065 (1.22), 8.098 (0.71).

Intermediate 156

(5RS)-2-[(6-Methylpyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-2-[(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (231 mg, 764 μmol) was initially charged in THF (5.0 ml), and lithium hydroxide (91.5 mg, 3.82 mmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring at room temperature overnight, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and then admixed with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The aqueous phase was concentrated and suspended with tetrahydrofuran/ethanol (1/1). The solids were removed and the filtrate was concentrated to give the product. 262 mg (>100%) of the title compound were obtained.

›A. EXAMPLES · 35 of 57

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.19 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=288 [M]+

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: −0.149 (0.62), −0.008 (5.32), 0.008 (4.64), 0.146 (0.68), 1.038 (7.69), 1.055 (16.00), 1.072 (8.00), 1.356 (2.60), 1.743 (0.97), 1.760 (2.83), 1.776 (0.99), 2.090 (0.88), 2.328 (0.88), 2.366 (0.48), 2.561 (2.65), 2.620 (0.56), 2.670 (0.90), 2.710 (0.48), 3.413 (3.17), 3.431 (8.60), 3.448 (8.67), 3.466 (3.40), 3.585 (1.73), 3.601 (3.05), 3.618 (1.62), 4.465 (0.59), 4.475 (1.11), 4.936 (1.69), 8.492 (0.70).

Intermediate 157

(5RS)-2-[(6-Methoxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-2-[(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (202 mg, 636 μmol) was initially charged in THF (5.0 ml), and lithium hydroxide (76.1 mg, 3.18 mmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring at room temperature overnight, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and then admixed with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 45 mg (23% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =0.78 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=305 [M] +

Intermediate 158

(5RS)-2-[4-Methoxy-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-2-[4-methoxy-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (305 mg, 791 μmol) was initially charged in THF (8.0 ml), and lithium hydroxide (94.8 mg, 3.96 mmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring at room temperature overnight, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and then admixed with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 151 mg (51% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.34 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=372 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.008 (1.34), 0.008 (1.63), 1.157 (2.20), 1.175 (4.44), 1.192 (2.26), 1.529 (0.44), 1.785 (0.53), 1.797 (0.50), 1.807 (0.43), 1.819 (0.43), 1.988 (8.02), 2.045 (0.43), 2.079 (1.23), 2.088 (1.19), 2.562 (0.66), 2.598 (0.58), 2.610 (0.95), 2.620 (0.64), 2.650 (0.43), 3.869 (16.00), 4.002 (0.65), 4.020 (1.93), 4.038 (1.92), 4.056 (0.63), 4.419 (0.71), 4.429 (0.98), 4.835 (7.06), 7.223 (1.56), 7.244 (1.81), 7.498 (1.32), 7.520 (4.16).

Intermediate 159

(5RS)-2-[(1-Methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic acid (racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-2-[(1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (137 mg, 401 μmol) was initially charged in THF (3.0 ml), and lithium hydroxide (48.1 mg, 2.01 mmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring at room temperature overnight, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and then admixed with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 120 mg (91% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =0.60 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=328 [M+H] +

Intermediate 160

(5RS)-2-[(1-Ethyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-2-[(1-ethyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (54.0 mg, 177 μmol) was initially charged in THF (2.0 ml), and lithium hydroxide (21.2 mg, 884 μmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring at room temperature overnight, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and then admixed with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 80.0 mg (60% purity, 93% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 9): R t =3.44 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=292 [M+H] +

Intermediate 161

(5RS)-2-[(1-Methyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-2-[(1-methyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (87.0 mg, 98% purity, 250 μmol) was initially charged in THF (2.5 ml), and lithium hydroxide (29.9 mg, 1.25 mmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring at room temperature overnight, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure at room temperature and then admixed with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 67.0 mg (80% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =0.87 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=328 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.008 (0.92), 0.008 (0.91), 1.157 (1.12), 1.175 (2.28), 1.192 (1.13), 1.796 (0.45), 1.807 (0.50), 1.908 (0.74), 1.988 (4.27), 2.082 (1.22), 2.327 (0.41), 2.523 (2.15), 2.565 (0.61), 2.596 (0.54), 2.608 (0.89), 2.619 (0.60), 2.648 (0.42), 2.669 (0.50), 4.002 (0.41), 4.021 (16.00), 4.038 (1.11), 4.457 (0.87), 4.468 (1.72), 4.481 (0.89), 4.916 (3.28), 4.921 (3.27), 7.294 (1.26), 7.298 (1.26), 7.316 (1.45), 7.320 (1.49), 7.580 (1.84), 7.608 (2.57), 8.004 (3.39), 13.222 (0.63).

›A. EXAMPLES · 36 of 57

Intermediate 162

(5RS)-3-Oxo-2-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2-({5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}methyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (640 mg, 1.51 mmol) was initially charged in THF (15 ml), and lithium hydroxide (181 mg, 7.56 mmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring at room temperature overnight, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure at room temperature and then admixed with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 588 mg (88% purity, 84% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.42 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=410 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.008 (1.41), 0.008 (1.36), 1.094 (1.28), 1.157 (4.33), 1.175 (8.82), 1.193 (4.46), 1.519 (0.93), 1.533 (1.05), 1.546 (1.17), 1.556 (1.03), 1.570 (0.87), 1.582 (0.66), 1.803 (0.93), 1.814 (1.46), 1.825 (1.48), 1.836 (1.29), 1.847 (1.23), 1.861 (0.85), 1.909 (2.18), 1.989 (16.00), 2.084 (2.29), 2.096 (4.23), 2.107 (4.15), 2.120 (2.23), 2.520 (2.12), 2.562 (2.37), 2.577 (1.87), 2.589 (1.95), 2.604 (1.50), 2.631 (1.58), 2.642 (2.66), 2.654 (1.73), 2.673 (1.07), 2.684 (1.24), 2.697 (0.66), 3.396 (0.92), 4.003 (1.25), 4.021 (3.77), 4.039 (3.73), 4.056 (1.23), 4.485 (2.76), 4.498 (5.49), 4.509 (2.71), 4.654 (0.81), 4.936 (1.26), 5.001 (1.44), 5.059 (3.19), 5.099 (10.70), 5.126 (10.72), 5.166 (3.27), 7.875 (2.15), 7.894 (4.91), 7.914 (3.01), 8.100 (3.54), 8.120 (3.11), 8.327 (5.27), 8.391 (3.58), 8.411 (3.46), 13.270 (1.29).

Intermediate 163

(5RS)-2-{[3-Chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-2-{[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (293 mg, 750 μmol) was initially charged in THF (6.0 ml), and lithium hydroxide (89.8 mg, 3.75 mmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring at room temperature overnight, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and then admixed with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 243 mg (86% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.16 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=377 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.175 (0.73), 1.988 (1.31), 2.079 (0.50), 2.091 (0.90), 2.101 (0.88), 2.107 (0.79), 2.558 (0.47), 2.610 (0.60), 2.621 (0.40), 4.466 (0.65), 4.479 (1.30), 4.491 (0.64), 5.151 (2.36), 5.155 (2.31), 5.753 (16.00), 8.487 (1.31), 8.491 (1.32), 8.903 (1.28), 8.905 (1.29).

Intermediate 164

(5RS)-2-[3-Fluoro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-2-[3-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (263 mg, 676 μmol) was initially charged in THF (5.0 ml), and lithium hydroxide (80.9 mg, 3.38 mmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring at room temperature for 72 hours, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure at room temperature and then admixed with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 180 mg (71% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.43 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=376 [M+H]

Intermediate 165

(5RS)-2-[3-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-2-[3-chloro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (293 mg, 99% purity, 715 μmol) was initially charged in THF (7.2 ml), and lithium hydroxide (85.6 mg, 3.57 mmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring at room temperature for 2 hours, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and then admixed with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 85.0 mg (29% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.55 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=391 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: −0.149 (0.78), −0.008 (7.90), 0.008 (6.70), 0.146 (0.88), 1.038 (0.50), 1.055 (1.00), 1.073 (0.50), 1.157 (1.52), 1.164 (0.90), 1.175 (3.06), 1.182 (1.88), 1.193 (1.64), 1.200 (0.90), 1.235 (0.48), 1.513 (0.96), 1.526 (0.98), 1.819 (1.28), 1.829 (1.24), 1.839 (1.04), 1.851 (1.04), 1.908 (12.72), 1.988 (5.68), 2.102 (3.40), 2.112 (3.14), 2.124 (1.72), 2.328 (0.90), 2.366 (0.68), 2.518 (3.92), 2.523 (3.12), 2.569 (1.76), 2.582 (1.78), 2.596 (1.36), 2.628 (1.36), 2.639 (2.16), 2.650 (1.68), 2.670 (1.68), 2.679 (1.30), 2.692 (0.64), 2.710 (0.66), 3.431 (3.30), 3.449 (3.50), 4.003 (0.46), 4.021 (1.34), 4.038 (1.36), 4.056 (0.50), 4.157 (0.42), 4.164 (0.42), 4.481 (2.44), 4.493 (4.72), 4.505 (2.42), 4.908 (16.00), 7.326 (3.02), 7.332 (2.84), 7.348 (3.62), 7.353 (3.38), 7.531 (5.82), 7.536 (5.94), 7.545 (3.42), 7.549 (3.28), 7.566 (2.76), 7.570 (2.58).

Intermediate 166

(5RS)-2-{[2-Methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]methyl}-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Racemate)

›A. EXAMPLES · 37 of 57

Methyl (5RS)-2-{[2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]methyl}-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (380 mg, 1.01 mmol) was initially charged in THF (10 ml), and lithium hydroxide (121 mg, 5.05 mmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring at room temperature for 3 hours, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and then admixed with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 156 mg (41% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.61 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=363 [M+H]

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.008 (1.08), 0.008 (0.89), 1.157 (2.79), 1.175 (5.61), 1.193 (2.81), 1.356 (0.90), 1.797 (0.50), 1.810 (0.50), 1.820 (0.40), 1.832 (0.41), 1.908 (0.41), 1.988 (10.16), 2.050 (0.44), 2.064 (0.79), 2.075 (1.54), 2.086 (1.45), 2.097 (0.74), 2.343 (0.59), 2.519 (1.18), 2.563 (0.72), 2.576 (0.73), 2.590 (0.59), 2.627 (0.71), 2.643 (16.00), 2.670 (0.82), 2.679 (0.57), 4.003 (0.80), 4.021 (2.41), 4.038 (2.39), 4.056 (0.77), 4.431 (0.85), 4.441 (1.46), 4.455 (0.85), 5.162 (3.10).

Intermediate 167

(5RS)-2-[(3-Methyl-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-2-[(3-methyl-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (259 mg, 86% purity, 762 μmol) was initially charged in THF (7.7 ml), and lithium hydroxide (91.2 mg, 3.81 mmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring at room temperature overnight, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and then admixed with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 101 mg (90% purity, 43% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =0.64 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=279 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.008 (1.37), 0.008 (1.35), 1.157 (0.64), 1.175 (1.32), 1.192 (0.66), 1.812 (0.53), 1.823 (0.54), 1.834 (0.46), 1.845 (0.44), 1.908 (0.48), 1.988 (2.37), 2.071 (0.84), 2.084 (1.48), 2.093 (1.42), 2.100 (1.31), 2.113 (0.67), 2.201 (16.00), 2.226 (0.83), 2.524 (0.85), 2.567 (0.76), 2.580 (0.76), 2.594 (0.61), 2.621 (0.61), 2.633 (0.96), 2.644 (0.67), 2.664 (0.43), 2.674 (0.56), 4.020 (0.57), 4.038 (0.55), 4.455 (1.00), 4.467 (1.96), 4.479 (1.00), 4.495 (0.61), 4.509 (0.60), 4.636 (0.43), 4.973 (4.04), 4.978 (4.07), 6.210 (0.49), 6.234 (3.48).

Intermediate 168

(5RS)-2-[2-Fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-2-[2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (184 mg, 493 μmol) was initially charged in THF (3.0 ml), and lithium hydroxide (59.0 mg, 2.46 mmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring at room temperature for 72 hours, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and then admixed with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 166 mg (94% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.35 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=360 [M+H] +

Intermediate 169

(5RS)-2-[3-Fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-2-[3-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (154 mg, 413 μmol) was initially charged in THF (3.0 ml), and lithium hydroxide (49.4 mg, 2.06 mmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring at room temperature overnight, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and then admixed with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 124 mg (84% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.39 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=360 [M+H]

Intermediate 170

(5RS)-3-Oxo-2-[(3,5,6-trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2-[(3,5,6-trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (179 mg, 540 μmol) was initially charged in THF (5.0 ml), and lithium hydroxide (64.7 mg, 2.70 mmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring at room temperature overnight, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and then admixed with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 80.0 mg (47% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =0.65 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=318 [M+H]

Intermediate 171

(5RS)-2-[(1-Methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-2-[(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (176 mg, 74% purity, 446 μmol) was initially charged in THF (4.5 ml), and lithium hydroxide (53.4 mg, 2.23 mmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring at room temperature overnight, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and then admixed with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The aqueous phase was concentrated and 268 mg (76% purity, >100%) of the title compound were thus obtained.

›A. EXAMPLES · 38 of 57

LC-MS (Method 9): R t =3.37 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=279 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.149 (0.54), −0.008 (3.90), 0.146 (0.46), 1.592 (0.57), 1.705 (0.76), 1.857 (0.54), 2.119 (0.81), 2.166 (3.04), 2.329 (0.89), 2.368 (0.50), 2.452 (1.14), 2.670 (0.80), 2.712 (0.42), 3.041 (1.56), 3.407 (1.18), 3.815 (16.00), 3.839 (0.43), 3.851 (0.70), 3.924 (2.27), 4.152 (0.95), 4.672 (1.53), 4.688 (0.46), 4.710 (2.53), 4.758 (1.03), 4.815 (2.91), 4.854 (1.76), 8.345 (0.57), 8.360 (3.83), 8.675 (0.64), 11.177 (0.50).

Intermediate 172

(5RS)-3-Oxo-2-{[2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Enantiomer 1)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2-{[2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (enantiomer 1) (279 mg, 783 μmol) was initially charged in THF (5.0 ml), and lithium hydroxide (93.8 mg, 3.92 mmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring at room temperature overnight, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and then admixed with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 180 mg (67% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =0.95 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=343 [M+H] +

The (5S) configuration was assigned on the basis of the crystal structure elucidation for Example 26, 108, 113, 157, 237, 358 and 454.

(5S)-3-Oxo-2-{[2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid

Intermediate 173

(5RS)-2-{[3-Fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]methyl}-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Enantiomer 1)

Methyl (5RS)-2-{[3-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]methyl}-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (enantiomer 1) (181 mg, 484 μmol) was initially charged in THF (3.0 ml), and lithium hydroxide (57.9 mg, 2.42 mmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring at room temperature for 72 hours, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and then admixed with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 150 mg (86% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =0.89 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=361 [M+H] +

The (5S) configuration was assigned on the basis of the crystal structure elucidation for Example 26, 108, 113, 157, 237, 358 and 454.

(5S)-2-{[3-Fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]methyl}-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid

Intermediate 174

(5RS)-3-Oxo-2-{[2-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Enantiomer 1)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2-{[2-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (enantiomer 1) (111 mg, 273 μmol) was initially charged in THF (3.0 ml), and lithium hydroxide (32.7 mg, 1.37 mmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring at room temperature for 72 hours, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and then admixed with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 94.0 mg (88% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.76 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=393 [M+H]

The (5S) configuration was assigned on the basis of the crystal structure elucidation for Example 26, 108, 113, 157, 237, 358 and 454.

(5S)-3-Oxo-2-{[2-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid

Intermediate 175

(5RS)-2-{[5-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Enantiomer 1)

Methyl (5RS)-2-{[5-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (enantiomer 1) (269 mg, 688 μmol) was initially charged in THF (3.0 ml), and lithium hydroxide (82.4 mg, 3.44 mmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring at room temperature for 72 hours, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and then admixed with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 100 mg (39% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.29 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=377 [M+H]

The (5S) configuration was assigned on the basis of the crystal structure elucidation for Example 26, 108, 113, 157, 237, 358 and 454.

(5S)-2-{[5-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid

Intermediate 176

(5RS)-3-Oxo-2-[(3,5,6-trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Enantiomer 1)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2-[(3,5,6-trimethylpyrazin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (enantiomer 1) (261 mg, 788 μmol) was initially charged in THF (5.0 ml), and lithium hydroxide (94.3 mg, 3.94 mmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring at room temperature for 72 hours, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and then admixed with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 124 mg (50% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

›A. EXAMPLES · 39 of 57

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =0.77 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=318 [M+H] +

Intermediate 177

(5RS)-2-{[3-Chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Enantiomer 1)

Methyl (5RS)-2-{[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (enantiomer 1) (216 mg, 553 μmol) was initially charged in THF (4.0 ml), and lithium hydroxide (66.2 mg, 2.76 mmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring at room temperature for 72 hours, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and then admixed with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 181 mg (87% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.21 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=377 [M+H] +

Intermediate 178

(5RS)-3-Oxo-2-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Enantiomer 1)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (enantiomer 1) (275 mg, 770 μmol) was initially charged in THF (10 ml), and lithium hydroxide (92.2 mg, 3.85 mmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring at room temperature for 5 hours, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and then admixed with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 247 mg (94% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.59 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=343 [M+H] +

The (5S) configuration was assigned on the basis of the crystal structure elucidation for Example 26, 108, 113, 157, 237, 358 and 454.

(5S)-3-Oxo-2-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid

Intermediate 179

(5RS)-3-Oxo-2-{[2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Enantiomer 1)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2-{[2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (enantiomer 1) (49.5 mg, 139 μmol) was initially charged in THF (2.0 ml), and lithium hydroxide (16.6 mg, 693 μmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring at room temperature for 5 hours, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and then admixed with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 45.0 mg (95% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.55 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=344 [M+H] +

The (5S) configuration was assigned on the basis of the crystal structure elucidation for Example 26, 108, 113, 157, 237, 358 and 454.

(5S)-3-Oxo-2-{[2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid

Intermediate 180

(5RS)-3-Oxo-2-(2,4,5-trimethylbenzyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Enantiomer 1)

Methyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2-(2,4,5-trimethylbenzyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (enantiomer 1) (198 mg, 601 μmol) was initially charged in THF (2.0 ml), and lithium hydroxide (72.0 mg, 3.01 mmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring at room temperature for 72 hours, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and then admixed with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 189 mg (99% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =1.05 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=316 [M+H] +

The (5S) configuration was assigned on the basis of the crystal structure elucidation for Example 26, 108, 113, 157, 237, 358 and 454.

(5S)-3-Oxo-2-(2,4,5-trimethylbenzyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid

Intermediate 181

(5RS)-2-(4-Methylbenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Enantiomer 1)

Methyl (5RS)-2-(4-methylbenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (enantiomer 1) (1.05 g, 3.48 mmol) was initially charged in THF (29 ml), and lithium hydroxide (417 mg, 17.4 mmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 733 mg (73% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

Alternative Synthesis:

tert-Butyl (5RS)-2-(4-methylbenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (enantiomer 1) (2.65 g, 7.72 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (45 ml), and trifluoroacetic acid (45 ml, 580 mmol) was added at room temperature. After the reaction mixture had been stirred at room temperature overnight, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was taken up in dichloromethane and admixed with water. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted twice with dichloromethane. The combined organic phases were dried over magnesium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 2.16 g (97% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

›A. EXAMPLES · 40 of 57

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =0.91 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=288 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.356 (0.56), 2.065 (0.43), 2.072 (0.54), 2.076 (0.79), 2.082 (0.79), 2.089 (0.76), 2.100 (0.41), 2.271 (8.20), 2.526 (0.56), 2.612 (0.50), 3.321 (0.68), 4.449 (0.65), 4.458 (1.21), 4.468 (0.62), 4.770 (2.95), 7.128 (16.00).

The (5S) configuration was assigned on the basis of the crystal structure elucidation for Example 26, 108, 113, 157, 237, 358 and 454.

(5S)-2-(4-Methylbenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid

Intermediate 182

(5RS)-5-Methyl-2-(4-methylbenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-5-methyl-2-(4-methylbenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (32.0 mg, 101 μmol) was initially charged in THF (1.0 ml), and lithium hydroxide (12.1 mg, 507 μmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring at room temperature for 72 hours, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure at room temperature and then admixed with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 30.0 mg (98% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =0.98 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=302 [M+H] +

Intermediate 183

(5RS,7RS)-7-Methyl-2-(4-methylbenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Diastereomer Mixture; 4 Isomers)

tert-Butyl (5RS,7RS)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (diastereomer mixture; 4 isomers) (150 mg, 592 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (6.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (289 mg, 888 μmol) and 1-(bromomethyl)-4-methylbenzene (115 mg, 622 μmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over magnesium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was dissolved in dichloromethane (5 ml), and trifluoroacetic acid (2.5 ml) was added at room temperature. After the reaction mixture had been stirred at room temperature overnight, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Method 10). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 120 mg (67% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.73 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=302 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.008 (0.53), 0.008 (0.47), 1.004 (3.87), 1.021 (4.00), 1.438 (0.57), 1.471 (0.61), 1.785 (0.92), 1.861 (0.40), 2.133 (0.60), 2.162 (0.50), 2.174 (0.69), 2.202 (0.57), 2.244 (0.44), 2.270 (10.91), 2.602 (0.51), 2.609 (0.51), 2.642 (0.45), 2.649 (0.43), 4.233 (0.46), 4.249 (0.53), 4.258 (0.53), 4.275 (0.45), 4.746 (5.02), 4.780 (0.47), 4.795 (0.45), 7.132 (16.00).

Intermediate 184

(5RS,7RS)-7-Methyl-3-oxo-2-{[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Diastereomer Mixture; 4 Isomers)

tert-Butyl (5S,7S)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2-{[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (diastereomer mixture; 4 isomers) (383 mg, 929 μmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (5.0 ml), and trifluoroacetic acid (5.0 ml, 65 mmol) was added at room temperature. After the reaction mixture had been stirred at room temperature for 2.5 h, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in dichloromethane and washed with water. The aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane, saturated with sodium chloride and extracted once more with dichloromethane. The combined organic phases were dried over magnesium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 325 mg (92% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.18 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=357 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.008 (4.92), 0.008 (2.52), 1.015 (15.45), 1.032 (15.37), 1.237 (0.63), 1.324 (0.45), 1.407 (3.53), 1.444 (1.27), 1.471 (2.46), 1.499 (1.90), 1.504 (2.44), 1.532 (1.40), 1.920 (1.12), 1.927 (1.22), 1.936 (1.30), 1.946 (1.16), 1.954 (1.10), 2.181 (2.72), 2.209 (2.30), 2.221 (3.18), 2.250 (3.93), 2.265 (1.63), 2.282 (1.40), 2.298 (1.26), 2.328 (0.46), 2.519 (2.23), 2.524 (2.06), 2.637 (2.03), 2.643 (2.06), 2.673 (1.93), 2.683 (1.64), 3.566 (1.59), 3.686 (0.42), 4.306 (2.98), 4.322 (3.48), 4.332 (3.20), 4.348 (2.66), 4.835 (1.62), 5.016 (16.00), 5.040 (0.46), 5.754 (1.60), 7.899 (2.66), 7.918 (9.08), 7.919 (8.98), 7.931 (5.18), 7.936 (4.87), 7.952 (1.45), 7.956 (1.45), 8.670 (5.04).

Intermediate 185

(5RS,6RS)-6-Methyl-2-(4-methylbenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Diastereomer Mixture; 4 Isomers)

Ethyl (5RS,6RS)-6-methyl-2-(4-methylbenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (diastereomer mixture; 4 isomers) (108 mg, 328 μmol) was initially charged in THF (1.5 ml), and lithium hydroxide (19.6 mg, 820 μmol) dissolved in water (750 μl) was added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution and 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with dichloromethane. The combined organic phases were dried over magnesium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 95.3 mg (67% purity, 65% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 8): R t =1.88 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=302 [M+H] +

Intermediate 186

(5RS,7RS)-2-(4-Methylbenzyl)-3-oxo-7-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Diastereomer Mixture; 4 Isomers)

›A. EXAMPLES · 41 of 57

Ethyl (5RS,7RS)2-(4-methylbenzyl)-3-oxo-7-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (diastereomer mixture; 4 isomers) (102 mg, 265 μmol) was initially charged in THF (1.0 ml), and lithium hydroxide (15.9 mg, 663 mol) dissolved in water (500 μl) was added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution and dichloromethane/i-propanol 1/5. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted twice with dichloromethane/i-propanol 1/5. The aqueous phase was admixed with 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and extracted three times with dichloromethane/i-propanol 1/5. The combined organic phases were dried over magnesium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 98 mg (82% purity, 83% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =1.06 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=356 [M+H] +

Intermediate 187

(5RS)-2-[2-(4-Methylphenyl)ethyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Racemate)

Methyl (5RS)-2-[2-(4-methylphenyl)ethyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (90.0 mg, 285 μmol) was initially charged in THF (3.0 ml), and lithium hydroxide (34.2 mg, 1.43 mmol) dissolved in water was added. After stirring at room temperature overnight, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure at room temperature and then admixed with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 82.0 mg (95% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.27 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=302 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.150 (0.41), −0.008 (3.22), 0.008 (2.98), 0.146 (0.44), 1.908 (1.11), 1.988 (0.63), 2.071 (0.92), 2.256 (9.10), 2.327 (0.53), 2.523 (1.85), 2.580 (0.53), 2.643 (0.69), 2.674 (0.63), 2.862 (1.04), 2.881 (2.28), 2.900 (1.16), 3.765 (0.63), 3.783 (1.52), 3.803 (1.33), 3.823 (0.53), 4.389 (0.63), 4.400 (1.22), 4.413 (0.61), 7.084 (16.00), 13.178 (0.58).

Intermediate 188

(5RS)-3-Oxo-2-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexyl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Diastereomer Mixture; 4 Isomers)

To a solution of tert-butyl (5RS)-3-oxo-2-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexyl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (diastereomer mixture; 4 isomers) (465 mg, 1.15 mmol) in 20 ml of dichloromethane were added 2.0 ml (26 mmol) of trifluoroacetic acid, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. For workup, the mixture was adjusted to pH 3 with 3 N sodium hydroxide solution while cooling with an ice bath and stirring vigorously, diluted with dichloromethane/water and extracted. The aqueous phase was extracted two more times with dichloromethane. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate, and concentrated and dried under reduced pressure. 327 mg (82% of theory) of the title compound (as a racemic cis/trans mixture) were obtained, which was converted further as such.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.78 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=348 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.149 (1.44), −0.008 (12.24), 0.008 (10.19), 0.146 (1.37), 1.007 (1.88), 1.038 (2.38), 1.061 (1.44), 1.149 (2.53), 1.189 (2.71), 1.220 (2.78), 1.253 (1.77), 1.284 (0.94), 1.395 (6.68), 1.405 (3.32), 1.412 (2.20), 1.479 (7.12), 1.498 (9.86), 1.508 (5.85), 1.521 (7.22), 1.531 (5.74), 1.546 (5.89), 1.561 (4.66), 1.571 (3.61), 1.586 (4.88), 1.595 (5.96), 1.605 (8.52), 1.617 (7.01), 1.624 (7.77), 1.643 (10.76), 1.676 (4.01), 1.804 (3.29), 1.816 (3.72), 1.828 (4.80), 1.859 (3.65), 1.900 (1.95), 2.079 (7.58), 2.088 (6.79), 2.100 (3.68), 2.332 (2.09), 2.366 (1.91), 2.569 (2.93), 2.583 (2.20), 2.619 (2.31), 2.630 (4.01), 2.642 (2.53), 2.670 (2.74), 2.710 (1.48), 3.289 (7.19), 3.427 (2.74), 3.443 (2.85), 3.457 (3.97), 3.462 (4.19), 3.474 (4.19), 3.501 (1.12), 3.519 (0.98), 3.563 (16.00), 3.581 (15.67), 3.609 (3.14), 3.622 (3.61), 3.628 (3.40), 3.642 (3.11), 3.678 (0.61), 4.412 (2.13), 4.424 (5.53), 4.435 (5.16), 4.447 (1.95), 13.170 (3.58).

Intermediate 189

(5RS)-2-[(4,4-Difluorocyclohexyl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic Acid (Racemate)

To a solution of tert-butyl (5S)-2-[(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (racemate) (41.2 mg, 111 μmol) in 2.0 ml of dichloromethane were added 90 μl (1.2 mmol) of trifluoroacetic acid, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 h. Subsequently, another 120 μl (1.6 mmol) of trifluoroacetic acid were added and the mixture was stirred further overnight (monitoring of conversion by HPLC). For workup, the mixture was adjusted to pH 3 with 3 N NaOH while cooling with an ice bath and stirring vigorously, diluted with dichloromethane/water and extracted. The aqueous phase was extracted two more times with dichloromethane. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate, and concentrated and dried under reduced pressure. In this way, 30.5 mg (87% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.08 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=316 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: −0.149 (1.97), −0.008 (16.00), 0.008 (14.35), 0.146 (1.78), 1.227 (3.20), 1.396 (2.42), 1.515 (1.65), 1.694 (4.48), 1.806 (4.07), 1.975 (2.74), 2.085 (5.12), 2.327 (1.51), 2.366 (1.46), 2.558 (3.84), 2.571 (3.06), 2.634 (3.25), 2.675 (2.51), 2.709 (1.46), 3.286 (9.65), 3.523 (12.53), 3.541 (12.48), 4.417 (3.20), 4.428 (6.13), 4.441 (3.25), 5.754 (1.60), 13.179 (2.88).

Intermediate 190

[2-(Trifluoromethyl)-1,8-naphthyridin-3-yl]methanol

Ethyl 2-(trifluoromethyl)-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylate (1.00 g, 3.70 mmol) was dissolved in THF (25 ml), and lithium aluminium hydride (1.9 ml, 2.4 M, 4.4 mmol) was added at −20° C. After stirring at −20° C. for 2 hours, the reaction mixture was admixed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution and the THF was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was admixed with ethyl acetate and water. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 230 mg (26% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

›A. EXAMPLES · 42 of 57

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =0.90 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=229 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.149 (0.86), −0.008 (7.77), 0.008 (6.74), 0.146 (0.86), 2.328 (1.09), 2.367 (0.80), 2.524 (3.56), 2.671 (1.18), 2.711 (0.95), 4.852 (0.43), 4.876 (15.05), 4.890 (15.34), 4.923 (0.52), 5.824 (7.51), 5.838 (15.34), 5.852 (7.14), 7.791 (8.06), 7.801 (8.32), 7.811 (8.49), 7.822 (8.66), 8.679 (8.49), 8.684 (8.66), 8.700 (8.63), 8.704 (8.17), 8.868 (16.00), 9.204 (7.51), 9.209 (7.68), 9.214 (7.80), 9.219 (7.23).

Intermediate 191

3-(Chloromethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1,8-naphthyridine

[2-(Trifluoromethyl)-1,8-naphthyridin-3-yl]methanol (46.0 mg, 202 μmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (910 μl), and thionyl dichloride (29 μl, 400 μmol) was added at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours and then the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. 46.0 mg (93% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.008 (1.81), 0.008 (1.26), 2.330 (0.40), 2.521 (1.58), 2.526 (1.33), 2.672 (0.57), 2.712 (0.43), 5.126 (16.00), 5.177 (0.78), 5.756 (1.49), 7.026 (0.49), 7.041 (0.66), 7.059 (0.57), 7.853 (3.44), 7.863 (3.55), 7.873 (3.64), 7.883 (3.67), 8.038 (0.42), 8.676 (3.22), 8.681 (3.30), 8.697 (3.06), 8.701 (3.04), 8.995 (9.01), 9.278 (3.59), 9.283 (3.64), 9.288 (3.68), 9.293 (3.40).

Intermediate 192

1-[1-(Bromomethyl)cyclopropyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene

{1-[4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]cyclopropyl}methanol (350 mg, 1.62 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (10 ml), and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (560 μl, 3.2 mmol) and dibromo(triphenyl)phosphorane (854 mg, 96% purity, 1.94 mmol) were added at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, and dibromo(triphenyl)phosphorane (854 mg, 96% purity, 1.94 mmol) was added again. After stirring at room temperature overnight, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified via column chromatography (silica gel, dichloromethane/ethyl acetate). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 110 mg (23% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.129 (1.56), 1.136 (1.65), 1.144 (4.59), 1.148 (5.92), 1.157 (3.27), 1.169 (1.19), 1.191 (1.17), 1.202 (3.09), 1.212 (5.74), 1.223 (1.45), 1.231 (1.56), 1.360 (1.16), 1.397 (5.40), 3.915 (16.00), 4.783 (0.41), 7.540 (4.22), 7.561 (5.81), 7.664 (5.75), 7.685 (4.22).

Intermediate 193

Methyl 1-(6-chloropyridin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate

1-(6-Chloropyridin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (1.00 g, 5.06 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (10 ml), and sulphuric acid (54 μl, 1.0 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 60° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with saturated sodium hydrogencarbonate solution. The organic phase was dried over sodium sulphate and filtered and the filtrate was concentrated. 947 mg (87% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.83 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=212 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.394 (4.13), 1.405 (10.89), 1.414 (14.44), 1.422 (6.17), 1.461 (0.81), 1.484 (0.89), 1.521 (6.34), 1.530 (14.64), 1.539 (10.67), 1.550 (4.00), 2.732 (1.03), 2.892 (1.17), 3.314 (16.00), 3.798 (0.65), 7.384 (6.75), 7.404 (7.47), 7.558 (7.35), 7.577 (8.61), 7.803 (5.32), 7.823 (9.19), 7.842 (4.27).

Intermediate 194

[1-(6-Chloropyridin-2-yl)cyclopropyl]methanol

Methyl 1-(6-chloropyridin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate (947 mg, 4.47 mmol) was dissolved in THF (15 ml), and lithium aluminium hydride (2.2 ml, 2.4 M, 5.4 mmol) was added at −78° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, and then saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution was added. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was admixed with ethyl acetate and water. The aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 603 mg (92% purity, 68% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.68 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=184 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.918 (3.81), 0.928 (11.67), 0.933 (14.82), 0.980 (0.54), 1.021 (0.57), 1.058 (5.57), 1.066 (13.62), 1.072 (13.58), 1.082 (4.20), 1.358 (0.67), 1.663 (3.18), 3.718 (15.53), 3.732 (16.00), 4.787 (4.36), 4.800 (8.73), 4.814 (4.16), 7.229 (5.90), 7.248 (6.45), 7.495 (6.83), 7.515 (8.03), 7.695 (0.49), 7.725 (3.88), 7.744 (6.81), 7.764 (3.12), 7.853 (0.40), 9.297 (0.99).

Intermediate 195

2-[1-(Bromomethyl)cyclopropyl]-6-chloropyridine

[1-(6-Chloropyridin-2-yl)cyclopropyl]methanol (300 mg, 1.63 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (10 ml), and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (570 μl, 3.3 mmol) and dibromo(triphenyl)phosphorane (862 mg, 96% purity, 1.96 mmol) were added at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified via column chromatography (silica gel, dichloromethane/ethyl acetate). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 141 mg (34% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

GC-MS (Method 2): R t =5.32 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=213 [M+H] +

Intermediate 196

Ethyl 6-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxylate

6-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (2.50 g, 11.1 mmol) was dissolved in ethanol (29 ml), sulphuric acid (710 μl, 13 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred under reflux overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with saturated sodium hydrogencarbonate solution. The organic phase was dried over sodium sulphate and filtered and the filtrate was concentrated. 2.24 g (88% of theory, 70% of theory) of the title compound were obtained and converted further directly.

›A. EXAMPLES · 43 of 57

Intermediate 197

3-Azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexane:trifluoroacetic Acid

tert-Butyl 2-azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexane-2-carboxylate (70.0 mg, 382 μmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (10 ml), and trifluoroacetic acid (590 μl, 7.6 mmol) was added at room temperature. After the reaction mixture had been stirred at room temperature overnight, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The title compound was obtained. The compound was converted further directly.

Intermediate 198

Ethyl 6-{1-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]hydrazino}-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxylate

Under argon, ethyl 6-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxylate (2.24 g, 88% purity, 7.77 mmol) and benzyl hydrazinecarboxylate (1.42 g, 8.55 mmol) were dissolved in toluene (20 ml), and tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium-chloroform complex (402 mg, 389 μmol), 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (441 mg, 777 μmol) and caesium carbonate (3.04 g, 9.33 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 3 h and then water and ethyl acetate were added. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via column chromatography (silica gel; eluent: isocratic, ethyl acetate/dichloromethane). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 1.80 g (60% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =1.05 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=384 [M+H] +

Intermediate 199

Ethyl 6-hydrazino-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxylate

Ethyl 6-{1-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]hydrazino}-3-(trifluoroethyl)pyridine2-carboxylate (1.80 g, 4.69 mmol) was dissolved in ethanol (10 ml) and converted using a hydrogenation apparatus (H-Cube®, Pd/C 10% palladium, 1 bar, 50° C., flow rate: 1 ml/min). 1.03 g (88% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =0.94 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=250 [M+H] +

Intermediate 200

Ethyl 3-oxo-6-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

Ethyl 6-hydrazino-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxylate (1.11 g, 4.45 mmol) was taken up in THF (15 ml), and di-1H-imidazol-1-ylmethanone (866 mg, 5.34 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was admixed with water and dichloromethane, and admixed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The organic phase was washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 1.22 g (100% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.74 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=276 [M+H]

Intermediate 201

Ethyl (5RS,6RS)-3-oxo-6-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Diastereomer Mixture; 4 Isomers)

Ethyl 3-oxo-6-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (1.22 g, 4.45 mmol) was dissolved in ethanol (10 ml) and converted using a hydrogenation apparatus (H-Cube®, Pd/C 10% palladium, 1 bar, 80° C., flow rate: 1 ml/min). 1.24 g (100% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =0.88 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=280 [M+H] +

Intermediate 202

Methyl 6-{1-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]hydrazino}-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxylate

Methyl 6-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxylate (3.00 g, 12.5 mmol), benzyl hydrazinecarboxylate (2.29 g, 13.8 mmol) and tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (573 mg, 626 μmol) were suspended in toluene (60 ml) under argon. 1,1′-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (694 mg, 1.25 mmol) and caesium carbonate (4.90 g, 15.0 mmol) were added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 3 h. The reaction mixture was admixed with water and ethyl acetate, and the organic phase was removed, washed with water and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified via column chromatography (silica gel; eluent: cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 9:1, 0:1). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 1.87 g (86% purity, 35% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =1.23 min; MS (ESIneg): m/z=368 [M−H] −

1 H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: −0.007 (1.19), 0.006 (0.87), 1.160 (2.79), 1.174 (5.66), 1.189 (2.80), 1.398 (1.98), 1.988 (10.25), 2.518 (0.42), 3.038 (0.55), 3.051 (0.56), 3.852 (16.00), 4.008 (0.77), 4.022 (2.29), 4.037 (2.24), 4.051 (0.73), 4.484 (1.47), 4.496 (1.51), 4.998 (0.87), 5.036 (1.06), 5.085 (0.93), 5.125 (7.85), 5.134 (1.18), 5.146 (1.34), 5.157 (0.63), 7.107 (0.52), 7.195 (0.84), 7.221 (0.64), 7.232 (0.48), 7.238 (0.48), 7.271 (0.56), 7.287 (0.79), 7.309 (5.08), 7.316 (2.18), 7.319 (2.37), 7.326 (1.95), 7.340 (1.80), 7.364 (2.08), 7.380 (3.95), 7.394 (6.93), 7.409 (1.97), 7.416 (1.42), 7.422 (1.02), 7.482 (1.90), 7.498 (2.13), 7.532 (0.42), 8.085 (2.06), 8.101 (1.89), 8.765 (2.66), 8.849 (0.45), 9.009 (0.47), 9.367 (2.77).

Intermediate 203

Methyl 6-hydrazino-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxylate

Methyl 6-{1-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]hydrazino}-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxylate (1.87 g, 86% purity, 4.35 mmol) and palladium on charcoal (100 mg, 10% palladium) were suspended in methanol (100 ml) under argon, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature in a hydrogen atmosphere (1 bar) overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered through Celite and washed through with methanol. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and 1.09 g (75% purity, 80% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =0.86 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=236 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 3.849 (0.45), 3.875 (16.00), 4.491 (0.97), 4.590 (0.43), 7.244 (0.61), 7.260 (0.47), 7.277 (0.47), 7.291 (1.32), 7.308 (3.01), 7.326 (2.14), 7.956 (2.10), 7.975 (2.01), 8.058 (1.29).

›A. EXAMPLES · 44 of 57

Intermediate 204

Methyl 3-oxo-8-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

Methyl 6-hydrazino-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxylate (1.09 g, 75% purity, 3.48 mmol) was dissolved in THF (30 ml), and 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole (1.01 g, 6.26 mmol) was added at room temperature while stirring. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was admixed with water and ethyl acetate, and the organic phase was removed, washed with water and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated. 1.38 g (>100% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.07 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=262 [M+H] +

Intermediate 205

tert-Butyl 6-chloro-5-methylpyridine-2-carboxylate

6-Chloro-5-methylpyridine-2-carboxylic acid (2.10 g, 12.2 mmol) was dissolved in pyridine (8.4 ml) and tert-butanol (42 ml, 440 mmol), and 4-methylbenzenesulphonyl chloride (4.67 g, 24.5 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h and diluted with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution and dichloromethane. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 2.50 g (>100%) of the title compound were obtained.

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: 1.552 (16.00), 7.901 (0.52), 7.920 (1.04), 7.959 (0.77), 7.978 (0.43).

Intermediate 206

tert-Butyl 6-{1-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]hydrazino}-5-methylpyridine-2-carboxylate

Under argon, tert-butyl 6-chloro-5-methylpyridine-2-carboxylate (2.50 g, 11.0 mmol) and benzyl hydrazinecarboxylate (3.28 g, 19.8 mmol) were dissolved in toluene (50 ml), and tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium-chloroform complex (568 mg, 549 μmol), caesium carbonate (4.29 g, 13.2 mmol) and 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (609 mg, 1.10 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 4 h and water and ethyl acetate were added. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over magnesium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via column chromatography (SiO 2 ; eluent: isocratic, ethyl acetate/cyclohexane 30/70). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 1.81 g (46% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.91 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=358 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.514 (16.00), 2.157 (1.85), 5.112 (1.13), 7.292 (0.85), 7.310 (1.16), 7.377 (0.57), 7.396 (0.48), 7.408 (0.70), 7.446 (0.50), 8.196 (0.45), 9.097 (0.44).

Intermediate 207

tert-Butyl 6-hydrazino-5-methylpyridine-2-carboxylate

To an initial charge of palladium on charcoal (195 mg, 10% palladium) under argon were added tert-butyl 6-{1-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]hydrazino}-5-methylpyridine-2-carboxylate (1.30 g, 3.64 mmol) in methanol (60 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred in a hydrogen atmosphere (1 bar) at room temperature for 5 h. The suspension was diluted with methanol and filtered through kieselguhr and washed through with methanol. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and 837 mg (99% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.50 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=224 [M+H]

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.527 (16.00), 1.548 (1.20), 2.080 (4.20), 4.258 (1.00), 7.174 (0.76), 7.193 (0.93), 7.343 (0.70), 7.361 (0.59), 7.420 (0.64).

Intermediate 208

tert-Butyl 8-methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

tert-Butyl 6-hydrazino-5-methylpyridine-2-carboxylate (1.18 g, 5.27 mmol) was dissolved in THF (100 ml), and 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole (1.03 g, 6.32 mmol) was added at room temperature while stirring. The reaction mixture was heated under reflux for 1.5 h. The reaction mixture was admixed with water and ethyl acetate, and basified with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over magnesium sulphate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was purified via column chromatography (SiO 2 ; eluent: cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 70:30 to 50:50). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 800 mg (61% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.71 min; MS (ESIneg): m/z=248 [M−H] −

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.529 (16.00), 2.245 (3.28), 6.683 (0.78), 6.700 (0.88), 6.940 (0.50), 6.943 (0.51), 6.957 (0.46), 6.960 (0.46), 12.505 (0.46).

Intermediate 209

tert-Butyl (5RS,8RS)-8-methyl-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Diastereomer Mixture; 4 Isomers)

tert-Butyl 8-methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (200 mg, 802 μmol) and palladium on charcoal (40 mg, 10% palladium) were suspended in methanol (12 ml), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature in a hydrogen atmosphere (3 bar) for 24 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through kieselguhr and washed with dichloromethane/methanol 9/1. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was stirred with ethyl acetate for 30 min, then filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 150 mg (74% of theory) of the title compound were obtained as a mixture of diastereomers.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.67 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=254 [M]

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: 1.184 (2.53), 1.201 (2.50), 1.396 (16.00), 1.409 (0.40), 2.096 (0.48), 2.103 (0.44), 2.108 (0.52), 4.363 (0.46), 11.396 (0.58).

›A. EXAMPLES · 45 of 57

Intermediate 210

Methyl (5S)-2-{[3-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]methyl}-3-oxo-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazole-5-carboxylate

Methyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazole-5-carboxylate (150 mg, 819 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (8.2 ml). Caesium carbonate (400 mg, 1.23 mmol) and 4-(chloromethyl)-3-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride (231 mg, 860 μmol) were subsequently added. After stirring at room temperature overnight, water and ethyl acetate were added to the reaction mixture. The organic phase was removed, washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 318 mg (75% purity, 81% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.39 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=361 [M+H] +

Intermediate 211

tert-Butyl (5S)-2-(cyclopropylmethyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

tert-Butyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (150 mg, 627 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (9.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (633 mg, 1.94 mmol) and (bromomethyl)cyclopropane (130 μl, 1.4 mmol) were subsequently added. After stirring at room temperature over the weekend, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. Water and ethyl acetate were added to the residue. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 175 mg (95% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.81 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=294 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.261 (0.23), 0.273 (0.89), 0.286 (0.95), 0.298 (0.30), 0.323 (0.07), 0.427 (0.26), 0.437 (0.75), 0.441 (0.75), 0.457 (0.80), 0.461 (0.73), 0.472 (0.20), 0.527 (0.08), 0.545 (0.08), 1.055 (0.19), 1.072 (0.29), 1.091 (0.18), 1.241 (0.08), 1.402 (16.00), 1.416 (1.49), 1.491 (0.17), 1.526 (0.18), 1.558 (0.11), 1.807 (0.21), 1.830 (0.18), 1.841 (0.19), 1.988 (0.08), 2.048 (0.56), 2.060 (0.53), 2.070 (0.37), 2.082 (0.20), 2.089 (0.20), 2.097 (0.19), 2.500 (5.48), 2.565 (0.30), 2.578 (0.30), 2.592 (0.24), 2.628 (0.24), 2.639 (0.41), 2.651 (0.25), 2.670 (0.16), 2.681 (0.19), 3.485 (1.60), 3.502 (1.57), 4.379 (0.39), 4.389 (0.43), 4.394 (0.55), 4.404 (0.39).

Intermediate 212

Ethyl (5RS,7RS)-2-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-7-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Diastereomer Mixture; 4 Isomers)

Ethyl (5RS,7RS)-3-oxo-7-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (diastereomer mixture, 4 isomers) (1.07 g, 3.83 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (40 ml). Caesium carbonate (1.87 g, 5.75 mmol) and 2-chloro-5-(chloromethyl)pyridine (652 mg, 4.02 mmol) were subsequently added. After stirring at room temperature overnight, the reaction mixture was filtered and ethyl acetate was added. The filtrate was washed with water and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via column chromatography (silica gel, eluent: cyclohexane/ethyl acetate gradient 7/1, 0/1). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 604 mg (89% purity, 34% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.67 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=405 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.008 (1.54), 0.008 (1.04), 1.164 (7.65), 1.182 (16.00), 1.194 (4.45), 1.199 (8.79), 1.212 (7.15), 1.229 (3.56), 1.305 (0.41), 1.398 (0.87), 1.797 (0.72), 1.828 (0.72), 1.988 (0.50), 2.256 (0.50), 2.275 (1.17), 2.291 (1.41), 2.304 (1.85), 2.318 (3.16), 2.346 (0.60), 2.523 (2.04), 2.678 (1.08), 2.708 (2.69), 2.743 (2.49), 2.760 (1.08), 2.768 (1.27), 2.778 (1.30), 2.808 (1.12), 2.881 (0.66), 2.887 (0.74), 2.921 (0.45), 2.927 (0.46), 2.952 (0.42), 2.978 (1.67), 3.008 (1.40), 3.059 (0.41), 4.114 (0.58), 4.132 (1.58), 4.141 (1.19), 4.150 (1.82), 4.159 (3.29), 4.168 (1.29), 4.177 (3.81), 4.191 (2.65), 4.196 (2.34), 4.208 (3.20), 4.215 (0.99), 4.226 (2.75), 4.235 (1.45), 4.243 (0.95), 4.252 (1.31), 4.270 (0.44), 4.509 (0.78), 4.524 (0.89), 4.537 (0.85), 4.551 (0.71), 4.816 (1.74), 4.822 (2.13), 4.829 (1.91), 4.836 (1.64), 4.910 (1.22), 4.922 (5.15), 4.950 (6.09), 4.959 (5.78), 4.999 (0.74), 5.754 (2.32), 7.521 (4.68), 7.541 (5.67), 7.713 (2.49), 7.719 (2.49), 7.734 (2.52), 7.740 (2.40), 7.751 (0.94), 7.758 (0.91), 8.315 (2.85), 8.321 (2.72), 8.333 (1.28), 8.339 (1.26).

Intermediate 213

Ethyl (5RS,7RS)-3-oxo-7-(trifluoromethyl)-2-{[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Diastereomer Mixture; 4 Isomers)

Ethyl (5RS,7RS)-3-oxo-7-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (diastereomer mixture, 4 isomers) (570 mg, 2.04 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (20 ml). Caesium carbonate (998 mg, 3.06 mmol) and 5-(chloromethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (419 mg, 2.14 mmol) were subsequently added. After stirring at room temperature overnight, ethyl acetate was added to the reaction mixture. The organic phase was washed with water and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via column chromatography (silica gel, eluent: cyclohexane/ethyl acetate gradient 4/5, 1/16). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 809 mg (86% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =1.25 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=439 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.008 (1.17), 0.008 (1.20), 1.159 (7.54), 1.177 (16.00), 1.192 (8.78), 1.194 (10.17), 1.210 (11.69), 1.228 (5.67), 1.398 (1.08), 1.776 (0.63), 1.806 (1.30), 1.838 (1.33), 1.867 (0.70), 1.908 (3.87), 1.988 (2.50), 2.282 (0.98), 2.298 (1.11), 2.311 (1.39), 2.325 (3.55), 2.366 (0.86), 2.670 (0.70), 2.687 (0.82), 2.717 (2.44), 2.746 (2.57), 2.777 (1.52), 2.787 (1.81), 2.817 (1.77), 2.890 (1.01), 2.896 (1.24), 2.930 (0.63), 2.936 (0.70), 2.986 (1.71), 3.017 (1.46), 4.021 (0.60), 4.038 (0.60), 4.117 (0.41), 4.135 (1.36), 4.144 (0.92), 4.152 (1.52), 4.161 (3.26), 4.176 (3.33), 4.181 (4.21), 4.194 (3.83), 4.199 (3.26), 4.211 (3.58), 4.217 (1.14), 4.229 (2.63), 4.238 (1.36), 4.247 (0.82), 4.256 (1.27), 4.274 (0.41), 4.521 (1.33), 4.536 (1.55), 4.549 (1.52), 4.563 (1.33), 4.831 (1.68), 4.838 (2.12), 4.853 (1.68), 4.931 (2.38), 5.036 (1.05), 5.048 (8.17), 5.077 (5.51), 5.087 (5.39), 5.127 (0.67), 7.913 (1.93), 7.933 (12.67), 7.950 (2.57), 7.954 (2.63), 7.974 (0.82), 8.661 (3.58), 8.679 (2.53).

›A. EXAMPLES · 46 of 57

Intermediate 214

Ethyl (5RS,7RS)-2-{[3-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]methyl}-3-oxo-7-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Diastereomer Mixture; 4 Isomers)

Ethyl (5RS,7RS)-3-oxo-7-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (diastereomer mixture, 4 isomers) (500 mg, 83% purity, 1.49 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (15 ml). Caesium carbonate (1.21 g, 3.72 mmol) and 4-(chloromethyl)-3-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride (420 mg, 1.56 mmol) were subsequently added. After stirring at room temperature overnight, ethyl acetate was added to the reaction mixture. The organic phase was washed with water and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via column chromatography (silica gel, eluent: cyclohexane/ethyl acetate gradient 7/1, 1/16). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 440 mg (65% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.92 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=457 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: 0.008 (2.05), 1.157 (4.28), 1.170 (8.73), 1.175 (8.65), 1.187 (16.00), 1.192 (6.64), 1.205 (7.99), 1.210 (4.00), 1.228 (1.75), 1.398 (2.75), 1.819 (0.47), 1.850 (0.50), 1.988 (13.53), 2.253 (0.43), 2.269 (0.50), 2.288 (1.23), 2.303 (1.42), 2.317 (1.87), 2.332 (3.90), 2.365 (0.95), 2.523 (2.37), 2.670 (0.46), 2.696 (0.97), 2.709 (0.48), 2.726 (2.59), 2.762 (2.99), 2.798 (1.01), 2.828 (0.73), 2.908 (0.46), 2.999 (2.03), 3.028 (1.70), 4.003 (1.18), 4.021 (3.36), 4.038 (3.28), 4.056 (1.09), 4.123 (0.48), 4.140 (1.43), 4.149 (1.10), 4.158 (1.74), 4.167 (2.84), 4.175 (1.44), 4.185 (2.86), 4.192 (1.17), 4.199 (1.96), 4.216 (2.83), 4.226 (0.79), 4.234 (2.59), 4.243 (1.39), 4.252 (0.88), 4.261 (1.25), 4.532 (0.48), 4.547 (0.51), 4.560 (0.50), 4.574 (0.43), 4.848 (2.48), 4.857 (2.20), 5.098 (2.28), 5.134 (12.28), 7.594 (1.95), 7.607 (3.49), 7.620 (1.88), 7.638 (0.47), 7.650 (0.81), 7.663 (0.44), 8.581 (4.60), 8.593 (4.39).

Intermediate 215

tert-Butyl (5S)-2-{[6-(difluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

tert-Butyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (239 mg, 999 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (10 ml). Subsequently, caesium carbonate (488 mg, 1.50 mmol) and 5-(chloromethyl)-2-(difluoromethyl)pyridine (186 mg, 1.05 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Caesium carbonate (326 mg, 999 μmol) was added again and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was admixed with water and ethyl acetate, and the organic phase was removed. The organic phase was washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 395 mg (83% purity, 86% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.58 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=381 [M+H] +

Intermediate 216

Ethyl (5RS,7RS)-2-[(5-chloro-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-7-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Diastereomer Mixture; 4 Isomers)

Ethyl (5RS,7RS)-3-oxo-7-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (diastereomer mixture, 4 isomers) (100 mg, 358 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (4.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (175 mg, 537 μmol) and 5-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-3-fluoropyridine (67.7 mg, 376 μmol) were subsequently added. After stirring at room temperature overnight, ethyl acetate was added to the reaction mixture. The organic phase was washed with water and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 135 mg (89% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.91 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=423 [M+H] +

Intermediate 217

Ethyl (5RS,7RS)-2-[(5-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-7-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Diastereomer Mixture; 4 Isomers)

Ethyl (5RS,7RS)-3-oxo-7-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (diastereomer mixture, 4 isomers) (100 mg, 358 mol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (4.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (175 mg, 537 μmol) and 3-chloro-5-(chloromethyl)pyridine (60.9 mg, 376 μmol) were subsequently added. After stirring at room temperature overnight, ethyl acetate was added to the reaction mixture. The organic phase was washed with water and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 128 mg (72% purity, 64% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.86 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=405 [M+H] +

Intermediate 218

tert-Butyl (5S)-2-(4-bromobenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.94 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=408 [M+H] +

Intermediate 219

tert-Butyl (5S)-2-(3-bromobenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

›A. EXAMPLES · 47 of 57

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.94 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=408 [M+H] +

Intermediate 220

tert-Butyl (5S)-2-(4-bromo-2-fluorobenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

tert-Butyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (150 mg, 627 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (8.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (306 mg, 940 μmol) and 4-bromo-1-(chloromethyl)-2-fluorobenzene (147 mg, 658 μmol) were subsequently added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. 4-Bromo-1-(chloromethyl)-2-fluorobenzene (30 mg, 132 μmol) and caesium carbonate (41 mg, 125 μmol) were again added and the mixture was stirred for a further 6 hours. Ethyl acetate was added to the reaction mixture, the organic phase was washed with water and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via column chromatography (silica gel, eluent: cyclohexane/ethyl acetate gradient 19/1, 0/1). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 135 mg (51% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =2.01 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=426 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.174 (0.09), −0.033 (0.69), −0.017 (0.63), 0.121 (0.08), 1.132 (0.07), 1.150 (0.14), 1.167 (0.07), 1.208 (0.08), 1.368 (16.00), 1.445 (0.17), 1.480 (0.18), 1.773 (0.20), 1.795 (0.17), 1.807 (0.17), 1.963 (0.26), 2.029 (0.55), 2.037 (0.48), 2.063 (0.18), 2.071 (0.16), 2.303 (0.07), 2.578 (0.22), 2.589 (0.38), 2.601 (0.24), 2.620 (0.13), 2.631 (0.19), 2.644 (0.16), 3.995 (0.06), 4.013 (0.06), 4.391 (0.38), 4.406 (0.58), 4.416 (0.37), 4.785 (0.08), 4.826 (1.67), 4.867 (0.08), 7.187 (0.37), 7.208 (0.80), 7.228 (0.46), 7.380 (0.50), 7.384 (0.51), 7.401 (0.41), 7.405 (0.42), 7.522 (0.46), 7.527 (0.43), 7.546 (0.47), 7.550 (0.44).

Intermediate 221

tert-Butyl (5S)-3-oxo-2-{(1 RS)-1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]ethyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Isomer 1)

tert-Butyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (201 mg, 840 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (10 ml). Caesium carbonate (410 mg, 1.26 mmol) and 5-[(1 RS)-1-bromoethyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (320 mg, 70% purity, 882 μmol) were subsequently added. After stirring at room temperature overnight, ethyl acetate was added to the reaction mixture. The organic phase was washed with water and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via column chromatography (silica gel, eluent: cyclohexane/ethyl acetate gradient 9/1, 0/1). After the separation, 86.9 mg (24% of theory) of isomer 1, which elutes first, and 97.7 mg (26% of theory) of isomer 2, which elutes later, were isolated.

Isomer 1:

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.84 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=413 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.149 (0.21), −0.024 (0.08), −0.008 (1.59), 0.008 (1.85), 0.146 (0.21), 1.301 (16.00), 1.382 (0.59), 1.398 (0.12), 1.405 (0.14), 1.457 (0.14), 1.467 (0.17), 1.479 (0.16), 1.489 (0.16), 1.501 (0.17), 1.514 (0.13), 1.527 (0.10), 1.686 (2.25), 1.703 (2.28), 1.820 (0.20), 1.831 (0.19), 1.842 (0.18), 1.852 (0.17), 1.864 (0.15), 1.988 (0.09), 2.057 (0.33), 2.067 (0.63), 2.080 (0.53), 2.099 (0.21), 2.107 (0.17), 2.322 (0.23), 2.327 (0.35), 2.332 (0.25), 2.366 (0.30), 2.522 (0.88), 2.557 (0.36), 2.562 (0.22), 2.572 (0.19), 2.587 (0.39), 2.602 (0.29), 2.614 (0.29), 2.627 (0.22), 2.665 (0.48), 2.669 (0.52), 2.674 (0.60), 2.687 (0.25), 2.710 (0.40), 2.718 (0.20), 2.731 (0.10), 4.432 (0.37), 4.446 (0.62), 4.456 (0.38), 5.520 (0.13), 5.536 (0.46), 5.554 (0.46), 5.572 (0.14), 7.906 (0.63), 7.927 (0.90), 8.015 (0.45), 8.019 (0.46), 8.040 (0.33), 8.699 (0.63), 8.703 (0.63).

Intermediate 222

tert-Butyl (5S)-3-oxo-2-{(1 RS)-1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]ethyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Isomer 2)

Isomer 2:

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.86 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=413 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.014 (0.28), 1.152 (0.06), 1.169 (0.13), 1.187 (0.06), 1.240 (0.07), 1.372 (0.22), 1.401 (16.00), 1.480 (0.16), 1.503 (0.17), 1.515 (0.18), 1.529 (0.13), 1.557 (0.09), 1.680 (2.33), 1.698 (2.34), 1.809 (0.19), 1.820 (0.18), 1.831 (0.17), 1.842 (0.17), 1.983 (0.16), 2.049 (0.56), 2.061 (0.46), 2.089 (0.16), 2.322 (0.06), 2.518 (0.24), 2.560 (0.34), 2.575 (0.24), 2.587 (0.25), 2.602 (0.20), 2.659 (0.23), 2.670 (0.39), 2.682 (0.22), 2.712 (0.19), 2.724 (0.10), 3.093 (0.08), 4.399 (0.37), 4.414 (0.62), 4.424 (0.36), 4.635 (0.06), 4.650 (0.07), 5.511 (0.14), 5.529 (0.53), 5.547 (0.48), 5.564 (0.14), 7.881 (0.67), 7.901 (0.90), 8.011 (0.48), 8.016 (0.48), 8.037 (0.36), 8.723 (0.69).

Intermediate 223

tert-Butyl (5S)-3-oxo-2-{[cis/trans-4-(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexyl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Diastereomer Mixture; 2 Isomers)

tert-Butyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (450 mg, 1.88 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (20 ml). Caesium carbonate (1.90 g, 5.83 mmol) and cis/trans-1-(bromomethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexane (660 μl, 4.1 mmol) were subsequently added and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. cis/trans-1-(Bromomethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)cyclohexane (660 μl, 4.1 mmol) and caesium carbonate (613 mg, 1.88 mmol) were again added and the mixture was stirred over the weekend. The reaction mixture was filtered and ethyl acetate was added. The organic phase was washed with water and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via column chromatography (silica gel; eluent: dichloromethane/methanol 99/1, 9/1). Purification was effected once more via column chromatography (silica gel; eluent: cyclohexane/ethyl acetate 11:1, 1:2). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 112 mg (14% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

›A. EXAMPLES · 48 of 57

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =2.08 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=404 [M+H] +

Intermediate 224

(5S)-5-{[(2S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]carbonyl}-2-(4-methylbenzyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-3(2H)-one

(5S)-2-(4-Methylbenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic acid (100 mg, 348 μmol) was initially charged in dichloromethane (2.0 ml) and DMF (4.0 ml) at room temperature. Subsequently, 1-[bis(dimethylamino)methylene]-1H-benzotriazol-1-ium 3-oxide hexafluorophosphate (172 mg, 452 μmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (85 μl, 490 μmol) were added. After stirring for 15 min, (2S)-pyrrolidin-2-ylmethanol (41 μl, 420 μmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 h. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 83.1 mg (64% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =0.93 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=371 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.149 (1.74), −0.008 (16.00), 0.008 (12.83), 0.146 (1.58), 2.271 (2.57), 2.327 (2.72), 2.366 (2.42), 2.523 (7.55), 2.669 (2.57), 2.709 (2.42), 4.741 (1.13), 5.753 (3.40), 7.122 (1.66).

Intermediate 225

2-[(2S)-1-{[(5S)-2-(4-Methylbenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-5-yl]carbonyl}pyrrolidin-2-yl]-2-oxoethyl Acetate

tert-Butyl (2S)-2-(acetoxyacetyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (189 mg, 696 μmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (1 ml), trifluoroacetic acid (1 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h, then the volatile organic compounds were removed under reduced pressure. The crude product of (2S)-2-(acetoxyacetyl)pyrrolidine was converted further directly in the next stage.

(5S)-2-(4-Methylbenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylic acid (100 mg, 348 μmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (2 ml) and cooled to 0° C. 1-Chloro-N,N,2-trimethylprop-1-en-1-amine (64 μl, 490 μmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for a further 20 min. (2S)-2-(Acetoxyacetyl)pyrrolidine (crude product) was dissolved in dichloromethane (1 ml) and slowly added dropwise to the reaction mixture at 0° C., followed by N,N-diisopropylethylamine (180 μl, 1.0 mmol). After 5 min, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 112 mg (73% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =1.05 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=441 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.008 (2.75), 0.008 (1.89), 1.580 (0.46), 1.594 (0.46), 1.726 (0.58), 1.759 (0.48), 1.799 (0.53), 1.814 (0.75), 1.832 (0.76), 1.847 (0.76), 1.862 (0.49), 1.912 (0.68), 1.928 (1.30), 1.947 (1.68), 1.960 (1.27), 2.040 (1.43), 2.080 (16.00), 2.096 (4.78), 2.100 (1.50), 2.162 (0.56), 2.183 (0.63), 2.193 (0.66), 2.214 (0.65), 2.269 (11.51), 2.323 (0.52), 2.327 (0.68), 2.366 (0.59), 2.518 (2.35), 2.523 (2.26), 2.567 (1.05), 2.580 (0.71), 2.669 (0.65), 2.710 (0.55), 3.575 (0.79), 3.582 (0.56), 3.599 (0.99), 3.617 (0.43), 3.690 (0.46), 3.750 (0.45), 3.766 (0.94), 3.783 (0.53), 3.791 (0.71), 4.545 (1.05), 4.559 (1.17), 4.566 (1.15), 4.581 (1.01), 4.733 (4.26), 4.766 (0.86), 4.774 (0.45), 4.809 (4.21), 4.822 (5.23), 4.830 (1.60), 4.840 (0.86), 4.865 (1.73), 4.951 (1.12), 4.995 (0.62), 7.093 (0.92), 7.114 (7.45), 7.120 (6.87), 7.141 (0.89).

Intermediate 226

Methyl 3-oxo-8-(trifluoromethyl)-2-{[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

Methyl 3-oxo-8-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (50.0 mg, 191 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (2.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (93.6 mg, 287 μmol) and 5-(chloromethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (39.3 mg, 201 μmol) were subsequently added. After stirring at room temperature overnight, ethyl acetate was added to the reaction mixture. The organic phase was washed with water and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 86.9 mg (77% purity, 83% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.80 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=421 [M+H] +

Intermediate 227

Methyl 2-[(5-chloro-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-8-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

Methyl 3-oxo-8-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (150 mg, 574 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (5.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (281 mg, 862 μmol) and 5-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-3-fluoropyridine (109 mg, 603 μmol) were subsequently added. After stirring at room temperature overnight, ethyl acetate was added to the reaction mixture. The organic phase was washed with water and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via column chromatography (silica gel, eluent: cyclohexane/ethyl acetate gradient 7/1, 0/1). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 87.5 mg (38% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.77 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=405 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: −0.150 (0.63), −0.008 (5.70), 0.008 (5.37), 0.146 (0.68), 1.157 (0.41), 1.175 (0.84), 1.398 (1.64), 1.988 (1.53), 2.327 (0.95), 2.670 (1.01), 3.847 (0.65), 3.901 (16.00), 5.334 (4.58), 5.338 (4.66), 6.984 (1.72), 7.001 (1.74), 7.780 (1.39), 7.798 (1.39), 8.146 (1.28), 8.151 (1.34), 8.170 (1.25), 8.175 (1.34), 8.481 (1.50), 8.484 (1.50).

Intermediate 228

tert-Butyl (5RS,8RS)-8-methyl-2-(4-methylbenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Diastereomer Mixture; 4 Isomers)

›A. EXAMPLES · 49 of 57

tert-Butyl (5RS,8RS)-8-methyl-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (diastereomer mixture, 4 isomers) (33.4 mg, 132 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (5 ml). Caesium carbonate (51.6 mg, 158 μmol) and 1-(bromomethyl)-4-methylbenzene (25.6 mg, 138 μmol) were subsequently added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, then 1-(bromomethyl)-4-methylbenzene (5 mg, 2.6 μmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 2 h. Water and ethyl acetate were added to the reaction mixture. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 39.5 mg (79% of theory) of the title compound were obtained as a mixture of diastereomers.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =2.02 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=358 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.008 (1.06), 0.008 (0.92), 1.153 (0.40), 1.164 (2.69), 1.181 (2.84), 1.194 (0.43), 1.201 (0.63), 1.236 (0.88), 1.259 (0.60), 1.298 (0.42), 1.344 (0.64), 1.350 (0.72), 1.355 (1.41), 1.386 (16.00), 1.396 (3.32), 1.417 (0.68), 1.424 (0.49), 1.428 (0.55), 1.510 (0.69), 1.548 (0.87), 1.562 (0.66), 2.120 (0.63), 2.130 (0.54), 2.272 (5.05), 2.294 (0.49), 2.523 (0.91), 4.447 (0.54), 4.790 (1.10), 4.820 (1.08), 7.129 (6.94).

Intermediate 229

tert-Butyl (5RS,8RS)-8-methyl-3-oxo-2-{[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Diastereomer Mixture, 4 Isomers)

tert-Butyl (5RS,8RS)-8-methyl-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (diastereomer mixture, 4 isomers) (503 mg, 1.98 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (20 ml). Caesium carbonate (970 mg, 2.98 mmol) and 5-(bromomethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (500 mg, 2.08 mmol) were subsequently added. After stirring at room temperature overnight, the reaction mixture was stirred under reflux for 1 h. Water and ethyl acetate were added to the reaction mixture. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over magnesium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 854 mg (90% purity, 94% of theory) of the title compound were obtained as a mixture of diastereomers.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =1.00 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=413 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: 1.157 (0.41), 1.177 (3.04), 1.194 (3.00), 1.367 (16.00), 1.548 (0.40), 1.988 (0.72), 2.135 (0.73), 2.145 (0.70), 2.154 (0.41), 4.466 (0.44), 4.475 (0.69), 4.487 (0.44), 5.067 (1.61), 5.074 (1.56), 7.926 (1.76), 8.659 (0.86).

Intermediate 230

tert-Butyl (5S)-2-[(E)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)vinyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Enantiomer 1)

Molecular sieve (4 Å, 20.0 mg) and [(E)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)vinyl]boric acid (139 mg, 836 μmol) were initially charged in dichloromethane (2.0 ml) at room temperature. Subsequently, triethylamine (120 μl, 840 μmol), copper(II) acetate (85.4 mg, 460 μmol), tert-butyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (100 mg, 418 μmol) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yloxyl (71.8 mg, 460 μmol) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. 2 N ammonia in methanol (50 al) were added to the reaction mixture, which was then concentrated. The residue was purified via column chromatography (silica gel, eluent: cyclohexane/ethyl acetate gradient 7/1, 0/1). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 53.1 mg (35% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =2.10 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=360 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.008 (1.24), 0.008 (1.17), 1.014 (0.21), 1.098 (0.22), 1.423 (16.00), 1.864 (0.17), 1.872 (0.18), 2.086 (0.17), 2.097 (0.45), 2.107 (0.44), 2.120 (0.25), 2.134 (0.16), 2.141 (0.17), 2.323 (0.20), 2.327 (0.28), 2.332 (0.21), 2.366 (0.25), 2.523 (1.07), 2.636 (0.18), 2.665 (0.54), 2.669 (0.42), 2.674 (0.32), 2.679 (0.38), 2.691 (0.28), 2.710 (0.37), 2.738 (0.21), 2.750 (0.37), 2.762 (0.24), 2.792 (0.17), 4.502 (0.37), 4.511 (0.40), 4.517 (0.53), 4.526 (0.35), 6.753 (0.74), 6.789 (0.85), 7.121 (0.68), 7.143 (1.38), 7.165 (0.75), 7.393 (0.98), 7.429 (0.90), 7.543 (0.70), 7.557 (0.77), 7.565 (0.75), 7.574 (0.30), 7.579 (0.67).

Intermediate 231

Ethyl (5RS,6RS)-2-{[3-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]methyl}-3-oxo-6-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Diastereomer Mixture; 4 Isomers)

Ethyl (5RS,6RS)-3-oxo-6-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (diastereomer mixture, 4 isomers) (400 mg, 62% purity, 888 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (6.2 ml). Caesium carbonate (579 mg, 1.78 mmol) and 4-(chloromethyl)-3-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (199 mg, 933 μmol) were subsequently added. After stirring at room temperature for 48 hours, the reaction mixture was admixed with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 231 mg (73% purity, 42% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.82 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=457 [M+H] + and R t =1.85 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=457 [M+H] +

Intermediate 232

Ethyl (5RS,6RS)-3-oxo-6-(trifluoromethyl)-2-{[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-Carboxylate (Diastereomer Mixture, 4 Isomers)

›A. EXAMPLES · 50 of 57

Ethyl (5RS,6RS)-3-oxo-6-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (diastereomer mixture, 4 isomers) (250 mg, 62% purity, 555 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (3.9 ml). Caesium carbonate (362 mg, 1.11 mmol) and 5-(chloromethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (114 mg, 583 μmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 131 mg (54% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =1.23 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=439 [M+H] + and R t =1.24 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=439 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.149 (1.37), −0.008 (13.25), 0.008 (11.69), 0.146 (1.37), 1.148 (3.00), 1.166 (6.37), 1.185 (9.50), 1.203 (16.00), 1.221 (7.63), 1.833 (0.50), 2.018 (2.69), 2.036 (2.06), 2.052 (0.94), 2.327 (2.19), 2.366 (2.31), 2.523 (6.81), 2.669 (2.50), 2.710 (3.06), 2.764 (1.19), 2.781 (1.88), 2.825 (0.94), 2.869 (0.63), 3.425 (1.00), 4.147 (1.44), 4.154 (1.56), 4.165 (1.62), 4.172 (1.62), 4.179 (2.50), 4.196 (7.44), 4.214 (7.37), 4.232 (2.31), 4.648 (4.00), 4.662 (3.87), 4.815 (1.50), 4.829 (1.62), 5.010 (0.63), 5.058 (9.50), 5.099 (0.69), 7.927 (14.25), 7.930 (11.12), 8.642 (1.69), 8.655 (3.81).

Intermediate 233

Ethyl (5RS,6RS)-2-[(3,5-dichloropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-6-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-Carboxylate (Diastereomer Mixture, 4 Isomers)

Ethyl (5RS,6RS)-3-oxo-6-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (diastereomer mixture, 4 isomers) (566 mg, 2.03 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (15 ml). Caesium carbonate (1.32 g, 4.05 mmol) and 3,5-dichloro-2-(chloromethyl)pyridine (418 mg, 2.13 mmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 235 mg (86% purity, 23% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 8): R t =2.82 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=439 [M+H] + and R t =2.87 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=439 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: −0.149 (1.83), −0.008 (16.00), 0.008 (12.50), 0.146 (1.68), 1.168 (2.67), 1.185 (5.56), 1.201 (8.91), 1.219 (15.85), 1.237 (7.62), 1.831 (0.46), 1.850 (0.46), 2.013 (2.74), 2.028 (2.51), 2.045 (1.22), 2.073 (1.22), 2.327 (1.98), 2.366 (2.44), 2.523 (5.94), 2.621 (0.84), 2.648 (1.07), 2.669 (3.28), 2.710 (2.44), 2.754 (1.98), 2.771 (1.07), 2.797 (0.99), 3.416 (1.07), 4.144 (1.30), 4.155 (1.30), 4.161 (1.37), 4.178 (2.74), 4.195 (7.62), 4.213 (7.47), 4.231 (2.36), 4.616 (4.11), 4.629 (4.04), 4.805 (1.52), 4.819 (1.45), 5.007 (1.22), 5.047 (7.70), 5.055 (6.78), 5.060 (8.15), 5.100 (1.22), 8.259 (3.28), 8.264 (4.11), 8.557 (4.27), 8.562 (4.11).

Intermediate 234

Ethyl (5RS,6RS)-2-[(5-chloro-3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-6-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-Carboxylate (Diastereomer Mixture, 4 Isomers)

Ethyl (5RS,6RS)-3-oxo-6-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (diastereomer mixture, 4 isomers) (432 mg, 1.55 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (10 ml). Caesium carbonate (1.01 g, 3.09 mmol) and 5-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-3-fluoropyridine (292 mg, 1.62 mmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 235 mg (36% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.90 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=423 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: −0.149 (1.95), −0.008 (16.00), 0.008 (15.09), 0.146 (1.90), 1.164 (2.12), 1.182 (4.63), 1.198 (4.02), 1.216 (5.88), 1.234 (2.85), 2.005 (0.91), 2.020 (0.82), 2.037 (0.48), 2.073 (1.08), 2.327 (0.95), 2.366 (1.08), 2.523 (3.11), 2.617 (0.43), 2.665 (1.08), 2.669 (1.17), 2.674 (1.08), 2.710 (1.21), 2.733 (0.56), 2.747 (0.82), 2.763 (0.61), 2.822 (0.43), 4.133 (0.48), 4.143 (1.08), 4.150 (1.17), 4.161 (1.17), 4.168 (1.08), 4.175 (1.04), 4.192 (2.81), 4.210 (2.72), 4.228 (0.86), 4.607 (1.43), 4.620 (1.43), 4.793 (1.08), 4.807 (1.08), 5.008 (2.68), 5.017 (2.64), 8.104 (1.30), 8.129 (1.38), 8.476 (1.86).

Intermediate 235

Ethyl (5RS,6RS)-2-[(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-6-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-Carboxylate (Diastereomer Mixture, 4 Isomers)

Ethyl (5RS,6RS)-3-oxo-6-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (diastereomer mixture, 4 isomers) (400 mg, 1.43 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (7.1 ml). Caesium carbonate (934 mg, 2.87 mmol) and 5-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)pyridine (244 mg, 1.50 mmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 135 mg (23% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

›A. EXAMPLES · 51 of 57

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.65 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=405 [M+H] + and R t =1.68 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=405 [M+H] +

Intermediate 236

tert-Butyl (5RS,7RS)-2-{[3-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]methyl}-7-methyl-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Diastereomer Mixture, 4 Isomers)

tert-Butyl (5RS,7RS)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (diastereomer mixture, 4 isomers) (300 mg, 1.18 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (6.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (965 mg, 2.96 mmol) and 4-(chloromethyl)-3-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (266 mg, 1.24 mmol) were subsequently added. After stirring at 60° C. overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 374 mg (73% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =1.02 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=431 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.018 (2.06), 1.035 (2.12), 1.354 (5.48), 1.393 (0.48), 1.410 (16.00), 1.911 (0.98), 2.228 (0.46), 2.241 (0.62), 2.269 (0.49), 2.650 (0.42), 4.303 (0.47), 4.313 (0.45), 5.067 (1.13), 5.079 (1.12), 5.133 (0.72), 7.619 (0.77), 7.632 (0.57), 8.569 (0.89), 8.581 (0.89).

Intermediate 237

tert-Butyl (5RS,7RS)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2-{[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-Carboxylate (Diastereomer Mixture, 4 Isomers)

tert-Butyl (5RS,7RS)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (diastereomer mixture, 4 isomers) (247 mg, 975 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (5.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (794 mg, 2.44 mmol) and 5-(chloromethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (200 mg, 1.02 mmol) were subsequently added. After stirring at 60° C. overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 274 mg (68% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.98 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=413 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: 1.011 (2.18), 1.028 (2.23), 1.337 (5.62), 1.385 (0.63), 1.406 (16.00), 1.905 (1.13), 2.217 (0.52), 2.230 (0.66), 2.258 (0.53), 2.641 (0.48), 4.279 (0.40), 4.295 (0.47), 4.305 (0.45), 5.019 (2.49), 5.077 (0.86), 7.921 (1.40), 7.931 (0.85), 7.936 (0.83), 8.667 (0.73).

Intermediate 238

tert-Butyl (5RS,7RS)-2-(3-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-Carboxylate (Diastereomer Mixture, 4 Isomers)

tert-Butyl (5RS,7RS)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (diastereomer mixture, 4 isomers) (300 mg, 1.18 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (6.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (965 mg, 2.96 mmol) and 4-(bromomethyl)-2-chloro-1-fluorobenzene (278 mg, 1.24 mmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 327 mg (70% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =2.09 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=396 [M+H]

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.008 (0.46), 1.011 (2.15), 1.027 (2.14), 1.348 (0.46), 1.381 (0.71), 1.411 (16.00), 2.186 (0.41), 2.214 (0.51), 2.227 (0.60), 2.255 (0.51), 4.275 (0.41), 4.291 (0.48), 4.302 (0.45), 4.834 (1.64), 7.376 (0.59), 7.399 (0.79), 7.421 (0.44), 7.448 (0.45), 7.453 (0.42), 7.466 (0.45).

Intermediate 239

Ethyl (5RS,7RS)-2-[(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-7-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-Carboxylate (Diastereomer Mixture, 4 Isomers)

Ethyl (5RS,7RS)-3-oxo-7-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (diastereomer mixture, 4 isomers) (500 mg, 1.70 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (20 ml). Caesium carbonate (1.39 g, 4.25 mmol) and 5-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride (355 mg, 1.79 mmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was concentrated by half and admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 248 mg (36% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.89 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=405 [M+H]

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.149 (0.41), 0.146 (0.41), 1.183 (4.99), 1.201 (15.06), 1.217 (16.00), 1.234 (6.56), 1.780 (0.75), 1.810 (1.63), 1.841 (1.78), 1.871 (0.84), 2.296 (0.77), 2.324 (2.75), 2.336 (2.13), 2.366 (0.42), 2.670 (0.49), 2.686 (0.67), 2.716 (1.72), 2.740 (1.79), 2.753 (1.97), 2.770 (1.78), 2.780 (2.11), 2.810 (2.19), 2.888 (1.32), 2.895 (1.52), 2.929 (0.83), 2.935 (0.84), 2.986 (1.41), 3.015 (1.12), 3.082 (0.72), 4.148 (0.92), 4.162 (2.00), 4.179 (5.57), 4.197 (5.43), 4.217 (2.69), 4.235 (1.82), 4.245 (0.93), 4.253 (0.62), 4.262 (0.85), 4.531 (1.67), 4.546 (1.90), 4.559 (1.81), 4.573 (1.61), 4.824 (1.22), 4.831 (1.64), 4.844 (1.28), 4.948 (11.83), 4.977 (9.93), 7.234 (2.72), 7.256 (2.91), 7.271 (3.45), 7.292 (3.70), 7.929 (3.74), 7.935 (3.92), 7.949 (3.59), 7.956 (3.73), 8.579 (4.25), 8.584 (4.25).

›A. EXAMPLES · 52 of 57

Intermediate 240

tert-Butyl (5RS,8RS)-2-{[3-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]methyl}-8-methyl-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Diastereomer Mixture, 4 Isomers)

tert-Butyl (5RS,8RS)-8-methyl-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (diastereomer mixture; 4 isomers) (300 mg, 1.18 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (10 ml). Caesium carbonate (424 mg, 1.30 mmol) and 4-(chloromethyl)-3-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (266 mg, 1.24 mmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 456 mg (89% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =2.09 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=429 [M−H] +

Intermediate 241

tert-Butyl (5RS,8RS)-2-(3-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl)-8-methyl-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-Carboxylate (Diastereomer Mixture, 4 Isomers)

tert-Butyl (5RS,8RS)-8-methyl-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (diastereomer mixture; 4 isomers) (300 mg, 1.18 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (10 ml). Caesium carbonate (772 mg, 2.37 mmol) and 2-chloro-4-(chloromethyl)-1-fluorobenzene (223 mg, 1.24 mmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 450 mg (87% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =0.08 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=340 [M−tBu+H]+

Intermediate 242

tert-Butyl (5RS,8RS)-2-(2,4-difluorobenzyl)-8-methyl-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-Carboxylate (Diastereomer Mixture, 4 Isomers)

tert-Butyl (5RS,8RS)-8-methyl-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (diastereomer mixture; 4 isomers) (300 mg, 1.18 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (10 ml). Caesium carbonate (772 mg, 2.37 mmol) and 1-(chloromethyl)-2,4-difluorobenzene (202 mg, 1.24 mmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 400 mg (84% purity, 75% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.44 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=380 [M+H] +

Intermediate 243

Methyl (5S)-2-(2-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

Methyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (110 mg, 559 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (2.0 ml, 38 mmol). Caesium carbonate (273 mg, 838 μmol) and 2-chloro-4-(chloromethyl)-1-fluorobenzene (105 mg, 587 μmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at reflux with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 58.5 mg (30% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =1.11 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=340 [M+H] +

Intermediate 244

Methyl (5S)-3-oxo-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

Methyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (300 mg, 1.52 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (6.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (744 mg, 2.28 mmol) and 1-(bromomethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (382 mg, 1.60 mmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed under reflux with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 345 mg (64% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =1.15 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=356 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: 1.196 (2.01), 1.212 (3.72), 1.226 (2.33), 1.502 (0.44), 1.530 (0.49), 1.802 (0.57), 1.826 (0.49), 1.835 (0.51), 2.078 (0.89), 2.093 (0.89), 2.120 (0.57), 2.131 (0.51), 2.139 (0.55), 2.147 (0.53), 2.328 (0.59), 2.562 (1.35), 2.577 (0.99), 2.589 (0.99), 2.603 (0.80), 2.629 (0.74), 2.641 (1.31), 2.653 (0.76), 2.671 (1.02), 2.711 (0.51), 2.891 (0.42), 3.702 (16.00), 4.622 (1.08), 4.631 (1.23), 4.637 (1.44), 4.647 (1.10), 4.960 (4.25), 4.965 (4.25), 7.101 (5.21), 7.519 (1.04), 7.538 (1.71), 7.584 (0.95), 7.603 (2.01), 7.615 (2.41), 7.658 (1.63), 7.676 (0.87).

Intermediate 245

Methyl (5S)-3-oxo-2-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

›A. EXAMPLES · 53 of 57

Methyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (187 mg, 947 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (4.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (463 mg, 1.42 mmol) and 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (250 mg, 1.04 mmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 185 mg (55% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.34 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=357 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.560 (0.40), 1.827 (0.50), 1.841 (0.44), 1.851 (0.42), 2.083 (0.45), 2.092 (0.76), 2.106 (0.76), 2.126 (0.45), 2.135 (0.53), 2.147 (0.47), 2.155 (0.52), 2.163 (0.48), 2.559 (0.44), 2.575 (0.90), 2.589 (0.77), 2.601 (0.78), 2.615 (0.64), 2.637 (0.60), 2.649 (1.13), 2.661 (0.72), 2.691 (0.47), 3.715 (16.00), 4.631 (1.05), 4.641 (1.16), 4.647 (1.36), 4.657 (1.01), 5.063 (5.88), 7.396 (1.64), 7.416 (1.71), 8.223 (1.06), 8.228 (1.09), 8.243 (1.02), 8.249 (1.04), 8.935 (1.74).

Intermediate 246

Methyl (5S)-2-[(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

Methyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (200 mg, 1.01 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (5.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (364 mg, 1.12 mmol) and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole hydrochloride (178 mg, 1.06 mmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 60.7 mg (21% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =0.85 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=292 [M+H] +

Intermediate 247

Methyl (5S)-2-{[3-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

Methyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (150 mg, 761 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (5.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (273 mg, 837 μmol) and 3-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride (532 mg, 40% purity, 799 μmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 137 mg (46% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =1.06 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=391 [M+H] +

Intermediate 248

Methyl (5S)-2-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

Methyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (200 mg, 1.01 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (5.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (826 mg, 2.54 mmol) and 4-(bromomethyl)-1-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (287 mg, 1.12 mmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 370 mg (98% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.88 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=374 [M+H] +

Intermediate 249

Methyl (5S)-3-oxo-2-{[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

Methyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (400 mg, 2.03 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (10 ml). Caesium carbonate (991 mg, 3.04 mmol) and 5-(bromomethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (511 mg, 2.13 mmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 622 mg (79% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 4): R t =0.73 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=357 [M+H] +

Intermediate 250

Methyl (5S)-2-{[6-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]methyl}-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

›A. EXAMPLES · 54 of 57

Methyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (200 mg, 1.01 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile. Caesium carbonate (826 mg, 2.54 mmol) and 4-(chloromethyl)-6-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline (453 mg, 62% purity, 1.06 mmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 59.0 mg (14% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =1.24 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=425 [M+H] +

Intermediate 251

Methyl (5S)-2-(6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[c]pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

Methyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (85.5 mg, 433 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (10 ml). Caesium carbonate (353 mg, 1.08 mmol) and 3-(chloromethyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine hydrochloride (115 mg, 563 μmol) were subsequently added. After stirring at room temperature overnight and under reflux for a further 3 hours, the reaction mixture was cooled and admixed with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 106 mg (90% purity, 67% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =0.75 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=329 [M+H] +

Intermediate 252

Methyl (5S)-3-oxo-2-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

Methyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (90.0 mg, 456 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (10 ml). Caesium carbonate (372 mg, 1.14 mmol) and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (116 mg, 593 μmol) were subsequently added. The reaction mixture was stirred under reflux for 3 hours, at room temperature overnight and then under reflux for another 4 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and water and ethyl acetate were added. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 40.9 mg (25% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.29 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=357 [M+H] +

Intermediate 253

Methyl (5S)-3-oxo-2-{[2-(trifluoromethyl)-1,8-naphthyridin-3-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

Methyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (28.3 mg, 143 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (3.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (187 mg, 574 μmol) and 3-(chloromethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1,8-naphthyridine (46.0 mg, 187 μmol) were subsequently added. After stirring under reflux for 3 hours, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and admixed with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 9.70 mg (17% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.23 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=408 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.008 (2.26), 0.008 (1.74), 1.572 (0.46), 1.832 (0.55), 1.843 (0.53), 1.857 (0.48), 1.867 (0.48), 2.111 (0.58), 2.135 (1.21), 2.144 (0.85), 2.152 (0.66), 2.164 (0.53), 2.172 (0.55), 2.179 (0.48), 2.327 (0.61), 2.366 (0.52), 2.523 (2.03), 2.561 (0.52), 2.589 (0.90), 2.604 (0.78), 2.616 (0.79), 2.630 (0.66), 2.656 (0.65), 2.667 (1.51), 2.679 (0.84), 2.709 (0.92), 3.732 (16.00), 4.672 (1.05), 4.682 (1.15), 4.688 (1.44), 4.697 (1.01), 5.239 (5.10), 7.818 (1.42), 7.828 (1.44), 7.838 (1.45), 7.849 (1.49), 8.434 (3.29), 8.583 (1.49), 8.588 (1.59), 8.604 (1.46), 8.609 (1.43), 9.248 (1.43), 9.253 (1.53), 9.258 (1.53), 9.263 (1.42).

Intermediate 254

tert-Butyl (5S)-2-[(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

tert-Butyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (1.33 g, 5.55 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (30 ml). Caesium carbonate (4.52 g, 13.9 mmol), 5-(chloromethyl)-2-methoxypyridine (963 mg, 6.11 mmol) and sodium iodide (5.00 mg, 0.03 mmol) were subsequently added. After stirring for 4 days, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via column chromatography (silica gel, eluent: cyclohexane/ethyl acetate gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 751 mg (37% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

›A. EXAMPLES · 55 of 57

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.56 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=361 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: 1.385 (16.00), 2.048 (0.54), 2.058 (0.48), 2.525 (0.41), 3.825 (6.81), 4.424 (0.60), 4.791 (2.68), 6.785 (0.78), 6.807 (0.84), 7.574 (0.51), 7.580 (0.52), 7.595 (0.49), 7.602 (0.50), 8.074 (0.67), 8.080 (0.65).

Intermediate 255

tert-Butyl (5S)-3-oxo-2-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

tert-Butyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (300 mg, 1.25 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (4.1 ml). Caesium carbonate (1.02 g, 3.13 mmol) and 2-(chloromethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazine (259 mg, 1.32 mmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 111 mg (22% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =0.83 min; MS (ESIneg): m/z=457 [M−tBu+H] +

Intermediate 256

tert-Butyl (5S)-2-{[3-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]methyl}-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

tert-Butyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (970 mg, 4.05 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (20 ml). Caesium carbonate (3.30 g, 10.1 mmol) and 4-(chloromethyl)-3-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (978 mg, 93% purity, 4.26 mmol) were subsequently added. After stirring under reflux for 2 hours and stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 1.37 g (80% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.92 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=417 [M+H] +

Intermediate 257

tert-Butyl (5S)-2-[(1 RS)-1-(4-methylphenyl)ethyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (Diastereomer Mixture, 2 Isomers)

tert-Butyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (200 mg, 836 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (5.5 ml). Caesium carbonate (681 mg, 2.09 mmol) and 1-[(1RS)-1-chloroethyl]-4-methylbenzene (142 mg, 919 μmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 69.8 mg (23% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =1.35 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=302 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: 1.322 (0.75), 1.341 (16.00), 1.587 (2.31), 1.605 (2.28), 2.048 (0.49), 2.059 (0.49), 2.266 (4.00), 2.518 (0.52), 4.407 (0.57), 5.271 (0.49), 5.288 (0.48), 7.111 (0.75), 7.131 (1.46), 7.173 (1.69), 7.193 (0.87).

Intermediate 258

tert-Butyl (5S)-2-[2-(4-methylphenyl)ethyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

tert-Butyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (250 mg, 1.04 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (8.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (851 mg, 2.61 mmol) and 1-(2-bromoethyl)-4-methylbenzene (180 μl, 1.1 mmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 238 mg (64% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =1.35 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=302 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: 1.394 (16.00), 2.041 (0.53), 2.051 (0.48), 2.255 (4.71), 2.864 (0.59), 2.883 (1.12), 2.902 (0.64), 3.778 (0.43), 3.783 (0.44), 3.796 (0.81), 3.803 (0.81), 4.373 (0.59), 7.089 (6.23).

Intermediate 259

tert-Butyl (5S)-2-{[3-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

tert-Butyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (991 mg, 4.14 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (19 ml). Caesium carbonate (1.48 g, 4.55 mmol) and 3-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (1.00 g, 4.35 mmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed under reflux with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 794 mg (42% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

›A. EXAMPLES · 56 of 57

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =1.28 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=377 [M−tBu+H]+

Intermediate 260

tert-Butyl (5S)-2-{[1-(4-methylphenyl)cyclopropyl]methyl}-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

tert-Butyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (120 mg, 500 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (3.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (408 mg, 1.25 mmol) and 1-[1-(bromomethyl)cyclopropyl]-4-methylbenzene (124 mg, 550 μmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 167 mg (90% purity, 78% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =2.13 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=384 [M+H]

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 0.752 (0.63), 0.772 (0.71), 0.977 (1.55), 1.157 (0.59), 1.175 (1.19), 1.192 (0.62), 1.344 (1.25), 1.378 (16.00), 1.405 (1.99), 1.417 (0.84), 1.988 (2.18), 2.016 (0.51), 2.027 (0.54), 2.037 (0.43), 2.232 (4.19), 2.249 (0.42), 2.519 (0.47), 3.755 (0.54), 3.792 (0.96), 3.866 (1.00), 3.902 (0.51), 4.020 (0.51), 4.038 (0.51), 4.322 (0.42), 4.333 (0.42), 4.337 (0.59), 4.347 (0.44), 7.025 (0.89), 7.045 (1.39), 7.119 (1.76), 7.139 (1.14).

Intermediate 261

tert-Butyl (5S)-3-oxo-2-{[2-(trifluoromethyl)-1,8-naphthyridin-3-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

tert-Butyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (208 mg, 868 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (20 ml). Caesium carbonate (1.13 g, 3.47 mmol) and 3-(chloromethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1,8-naphthyridine (278 mg, 1.13 mmol) were subsequently added. After stirring for 48 hours, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 146 mg (38% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.65 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=450 [M+H]

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: 1.421 (16.00), 2.113 (0.64), 2.125 (0.64), 2.665 (0.41), 4.520 (0.73), 5.235 (1.07), 7.820 (0.54), 7.830 (0.56), 7.840 (0.56), 7.851 (0.57), 8.449 (1.25), 8.564 (0.56), 8.569 (0.57), 8.585 (0.55), 8.589 (0.52), 9.245 (0.61), 9.250 (0.64), 9.256 (0.63), 9.261 (0.57).

Intermediate 262

tert-Butyl (5S)-2-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

tert-Butyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (552 mg, 2.31 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (11 ml). Caesium carbonate (1.13 g, 3.46 mmol) and 5-(bromomethyl)-2-chloropyridine (500 mg, 2.42 mmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 509 mg (93% purity, 56% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =1.13 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=365 [M+H] +

Intermediate 263

tert-Butyl (5S)-3-oxo-2-{[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

tert-Butyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (1.00 g, 4.18 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (21 ml). Caesium carbonate (2.04 g, 6.27 mmol) and 5-(chloromethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (858 mg, 4.39 mmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 1.71 g (100% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.73 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=399 [M+H] +

Intermediate 264

tert-Butyl (5S)-2-{[5-chloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

tert-Butyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (163 mg, 682 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (5.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (555 mg, 1.70 mmol) and 3-chloro-5-(chloromethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (549 mg, 30% purity, 716 μmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 156 mg (72% purity, 38% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

›A. EXAMPLES · 57 of 57

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =1.35 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=377 [M−tBu+H]+

Intermediate 265

tert-Butyl (5S)-2-{2-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]ethyl}-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

tert-Butyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (95.0 mg, 397 μmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (3.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (323 mg, 992 μmol) and 3-chloro-2-(2-chloroethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (113 mg, 94% purity, 437 μmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified via preparative HPLC (Chromatorex C18, 10 μm, 125 mm×30 mm; eluent: acetonitrile/water gradient). The product-containing fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure, and 74.5 mg (42% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 1): R t =1.36 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=391 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ[ppm]: −0.008 (2.40), 0.008 (1.82), 1.389 (16.00), 2.034 (0.55), 2.619 (0.43), 2.669 (0.51), 4.058 (0.75), 4.077 (1.16), 4.094 (0.66), 4.361 (0.59), 8.407 (0.85), 8.871 (0.84).

Intermediate 266

tert-Butyl (5S)-3-oxo-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

tert-Butyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (400 mg, 1.67 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (6.0 ml). Caesium carbonate (817 mg, 2.51 mmol) and 1-(bromomethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (420 mg, 1.76 mmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 581 mg (87% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.98 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=398 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: −0.008 (0.69), 0.008 (0.57), 1.384 (16.00), 1.400 (0.78), 2.068 (0.55), 2.077 (0.49), 2.523 (0.41), 4.460 (0.57), 4.949 (1.19), 4.965 (1.15), 7.558 (0.62), 7.575 (0.40), 7.594 (0.64), 7.629 (0.79), 7.652 (0.50).

Intermediate 267

tert-Butyl (5S)-3-oxo-2-(2,4,5-trifluorobenzyl)-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

tert-Butyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (400 mg, 1.67 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (10 ml). Caesium carbonate (572 mg, 1.76 mmol) and 1-(chloromethyl)-2,4,5-trifluorobenzene (317 mg, 1.76 mmol) were subsequently added. After stirring overnight, the reaction mixture was admixed at room temperature with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over sodium sulphate and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated. 523 mg (80% of theory) of the title compound were obtained.

LC-MS (Method 3): R t =1.87 min; MS (ESIpos): m/z=328 [M+H] +

1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ [ppm]: 1.175 (0.64), 1.394 (16.00), 1.988 (1.17), 2.060 (0.65), 2.069 (0.65), 2.072 (0.65), 2.627 (0.44), 4.428 (0.44), 4.442 (0.62), 4.864 (2.33).

Intermediate 268

tert-Butyl (5S) 2-(3,4-difluorobenzyl)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate

tert-Butyl (5S)-3-oxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-5-carboxylate (500 mg, 2.09 mmol) was initially charged in acetonitrile (10 ml). Caesium carbonate (1.70 g, 5.22 mmol) and 4-(bromomethyl)-1,2-difluorobenzene (45

›Tables in the description — 8

where R 13 , R 14A and R 14B are hydrogen when R 12 is not hydrogen,	where R 12 is hydrogen when one of the R 13 , R 14A and R 14B substituents is not hydrogen,	or	is a group of the formula
where	# 4 marks the bond to the carbonyl carbon atom,	Y is NR 15 , CR 16A R 16B , oxygen or sulphur,

where (C 1 -C 4 )-alkylene may be substituted by hydroxyl and methoxy and may be up to trisubstituted by fluorine,	or	is a group of the formula
in which	n is 1,	p is 0,	q is 1,	where	# 1 marks the bond to the nitrogen atom of the 5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl ring,	* marks the bond to R 1 ,

where R 13 , R 14A and R 14B are hydrogen when R 12 is not hydrogen,	where R 12 is hydrogen when one of the R 13 , R 14A and R 14B substituents is not hydrogen,	or	is a group of the formula
where	# 4 marks the bond to the carbonyl carbon atom,	Y is NR 15 , CR 16A R 16B , oxygen or sulphur,

in which A 1 , R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and X each have the definitions given above,	and	T 1 is (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl or benzyl,	is reacted in an inert solvent in the presence of a suitable base with a compound of the formula (III)
in which	A 1 is —CH 2 —, —CH(CH 3 )—, —CH 2 CH 2 —, # 5 —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )—*, # 5 —CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 —, # 5 —CH 2 CHF— or # 5 —CH 2 CF 2 —*

R 1 has the definitions given above,	and	X 1 is a suitable leaving group, especially chlorine, bromine, iodine, mesylate {(methylsulphonyl)oxy}, triflate {[(trifluoromethyl)sulphonyl]oxy}, nonaflate {[(nonafluorobutyl)sulphonyl]oxy}, nosylate {[(4-nitrophenyl)sulphonyl]oxy} or tosylate {[(4-methylphenyl)sulphonyl]oxy},	to give a compound of the formula (IV)
in which A 1 , R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , X and T 1 each have the definitions given above,	then the latter are converted by removing the “T 1 ” group in an inert solvent in the presence of a suitable base or acid to a compound of the formula (V)
in which A 1 , R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and X each have the definitions given above,	and then the latter is reacted in an inert solvent under amide coupling conditions with an amine of the formula (VI-A) or (VI-B)
in which Y, Z, R 12 and R 13 each have the definitions given above,	and then any protecting groups present are detached by methods known to those skilled in the art, and the resulting compounds of the formula (I) are optionally converted with the appropriate (i) solvents and/or (ii) acids or bases to the solvates, salts and/or solvates of the salts thereof,

in which A 1 , R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and X each have the definitions given above,	and	T 1 is (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl or benzyl,	is reacted in an inert solvent in the presence of a suitable base with	an amine of the formula (VI-A) or (VI-B)
in which Y, Z, R 12 and R 13 each have the definitions given above,	to give a compound of the formula (XXIII-A) or (XXIII-B)
in which R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 12 , R 13 , X, Y and Z each have the definitions given above,	the latter is reacted in an inert solvent in the presence of a suitable base with a compound of the formula (III)
in which	A 1 is —CH 2 —, —CH(CH 3 )—, —CH 2 CH 2 —, # 5 —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )—*, # 5 —CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 —, # 5 —CH 2 CHF— or # 5 —CH 2 CF 2 —*

in which R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and X each have the definitions given above and	T 1 is (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl or benzyl,	T 2 is 4-methoxybenzyl, benzyl, allyl, β-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl (SEM), methoxymethyl (MOM) or benzyloxymethyl,	is converted by hydrolysis of the ester group in an inert solvent in the presence of a suitable base or acid to a compound of the formula (VIII)
in which R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , T 2 and X each have the definitions given above,	then the latter is reacted in an inert solvent under amide coupling conditions with an amine of the formula (VI-A)
in which Z, R 12 and R 13 each have the definitions given above,	to give a compound of the formula (IX-A) or (IX-B)
in which R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 12 , R 13 , T 2 , X, Y and Z each have the definitions given above,	the protecting group “T 2 ” is removed in an inert solvent in the presence of a suitable base or acid or optionally in the presence of a suitable palladium catalyst and the resulting compound of the formula (X-A) or (X-B)
in which R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 12 , R 13 , X, Y and Z each have the definitions given above,	is reacted in an inert solvent in the presence of a suitable base with a compound of the formula (III)
in which	A 1 is —CH 2 —, —CH(CH 3 )—, —CH 2 CH 2 —, # 5 —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )—*, # 5 —CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 —, # 5 —CH 2 CHF— or # 5 —CH 2 CF 2 —*

TABLE 1 — IUPAC name/structure

Example	(Yield)	Analytical data
Example 159	(5RS)-2-(4-Methylbenzyl)-5-(morpholin-4- ylcarbonyl)-5,6,7,8- tetrahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-3(2H)- one (racemate)

description truncated at 500,000 characters

Stored text is truncated at the source; the tail of the description is not held.

Claims as granted

19 claims

Classifications

11 codes

IPC · International Patent Classification

Section A — Human necessities

A61K31/4375
A61K31/437
A61K45/06
A61P11/00
A61K31/4709
A61K31/444
A61P29/00
A61K31/497
A61K31/506

Section C — Chemistry; metallurgy

C07D471/04
C07D519/00

Claim changes

Soon

Coming soonHow the claims changed between publication and grant

See which claims were amended, added or cancelled during examination, with every added and removed word marked.

AmendedAddedCancelledUnchanged

The published claims of this application are not paired with the granted ones in what we hold.

File wrapper

⤢ drag to zoom

USPTOApplicanthover for detail · click to open

Pendency

3.2 y

1,177 days filing → grant

Office actions

non-final + final

Responses

no RCE

Examiner

Valerie Rodriguez-Garcia

art unit 1626 · TC 1600

Law firm

Law firm · Log in to unlock

Citations: 93 back · 2 forward

See the full prosecution history — every USPTO and applicant action on this file, in order.

Documents

Log in to open the documents of this file: the application as filed, every office action and response, the notice of allowance.

Chain of title

⤢ drag to zoom

Titlehover for detail · click to open

See the full assignment history — every owner this patent has passed through, with recordation dates and reel/frame numbers.