Substituted piperidine compounds

The present disclosure provides substituted piperidines as SMYD protein inhibitors, such as SMYD3 and SMYD2 inhibitors, and therapeutic methods of treating conditions and diseases wherein inhibition of SMYD proteins such as SMYD3 and SMYD2 provides a benefit.

Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is an important biological determinant of protein production and cellular differentiation and plays a significant pathogenic role in a number of human diseases. Epigenetic regulation involves heritable modification of genetic material without changing its nucleotide sequence. Typically, epigenetic regulation is mediated by selective and reversible modification (e.g., methylation) of DNA and proteins (e.g., histones) that control the conformational transition between transcriptionally active and inactive states of chromatin. These covalent modifications can be controlled by enzymes such as methyltransferases (e.g., SMYD proteins such as SMYD3 and SMYD2), many of which are associated with genetic alterations that can cause human disease, such as proliferative disorders. Thus, there is a need for the development of small molecules that are capable of inhibiting the activity of SMYD proteins such as SMYD3 and SMYD2.

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides substituted piperidine compounds represented by any one of Formulae I-X below, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, collectively referred to herein as “Compounds of the Disclosure.”

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a Compound of the Disclosure and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of inhibiting SMYD proteins, such as SMYD3 or SMYD2, or both, in a mammal, comprising administering to the mammal an effective amount of at least one Compound of the Disclosure.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides methods for treating a disease, disorder, or condition, e.g., cancer, responsive to inhibition of SMYD proteins, such as SMYD3 or SMYD2, or both, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides the use of Compounds of the Disclosure as inhibitors of SMYD3.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides the use of Compounds of the Disclosure as inhibitors of SMYD2.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides the use of Compounds of the Disclosure as inhibitors of SMYD proteins.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition for treating a disease, disorder, or condition responsive to inhibition of SMYD proteins, such as SMYD3 or SMYD2, or both, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure in a mixture with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides Compounds of the Disclosure for use in treating cancer in a mammal, e.g., breast, cervical, colon, kidney, liver, head and neck, skin, pancreatic, ovary, esophageal, lung, and prostate cancer.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a Compound of the Disclosure for use in the manufacture of a medicament for treating cancer in a mammal.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides kit comprising a Compound of the Disclosure.

Additional embodiments and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth, in part, in the description that follows, and will flow from the description, or can be learned by practice of the disclosure. The embodiments and advantages of the disclosure will be realized and attained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing summary and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not restrictive of the invention as claimed.

One aspect of the present disclosure is based on the use of Compounds of the Disclosure as inhibitors of SMYD proteins. In view of this property, the Compounds of the Disclosure are useful for treating diseases, disorders, or conditions, e.g., cancer, responsive to inhibition of SMYD proteins.

One aspect of the present disclosure is based on the use of Compounds of the Disclosure as inhibitors of SMYD3. In view of this property, the Compounds of the Disclosure are useful for treating diseases, disorders, or conditions, e.g., cancer, responsive to inhibition of SMYD3.

One aspect of the present disclosure is based on the use of Compounds of the Disclosure as inhibitors of SMYD2. In view of this property, the Compounds of the Disclosure are useful for treating diseases, disorders, or conditions, e.g., cancer, responsive to inhibition of SMYD2.

In one embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof,

wherein:

B is:

X is selected from the group consisting of —S(═O) 2 —, —S(═O) 2 N(R 7 )—, —S(═O) 2 C(R 8 )(H)—, —C(═O)—, —C(═O)N(R 7 )—, —C(═O)O—, —C(═O)C(R 8 )(H)—, and —S(═O) 2 N(R 7 )C(═O)N(R 11 )—; or X is absent, (i.e., Z forms a bond with the nitrogen atom),

wherein the sulfur atom of —S(═O) 2 N(R 7 )—, —S(═O) 2 C(R 8 )(H)—, or —S(═O) 2 N(R 7 )C(═O)N(R 11 )— is attached to the nitrogen atom of B, the carbon atom of —C(═O)N(R 7 )— or —C(═O)O— is attached to the nitrogen atom of B, and the carbonyl carbon atom of —C(═O)C(R 8 )(H)— is attached the nitrogen atom of B;

Z is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl, fluoroalkyl, (amino)alkyl, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (cycloalkylamino)alkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, (amino)(hydroxy)alkyl, (amino)(aryl)alkyl, (hydroxy)(aryl)alkyl, (aralkylamino)alkyl, [(cycloalkyl)alkylamino]alkyl, [(heterocyclo)alkylamino]alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, optionally substituted C 6-14 aryl, optionally substituted 4- to 14-membered heterocyclo, optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C 3-12 cycloalkyl, aralkyl, and heteroaralkyl;

R 1 is selected from the group consisting of ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, and cyclopropyl;

R 2a , R 2b , R 3a , R 3b , R 4a , R 4b , R 5a , and R 5b are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, C 1-6 alkyl, C 3-12 cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted C 6-14 aryl, aralkyl, and alkoxycarbonyl; or

R 2a and R 2b taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached forma C 3-6 cycloalkyl; and R 3a , R 3b , R 4a , R 4b , R 5a , and R 5b are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, and C 1-4 alkyl; or

R 3a and R 3b taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached forma C 3-6 cycloalkyl; and R 3a , R 3b , R 4a , R 4b , R 5a , and R 5b are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, and C 1-4 alkyl; or

R 4a and R 4b taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached forma C 3-6 cycloalkyl; and R 2a , R 2b , R 4a , R 4b , R 5a , and R 5b are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, and C 1-4 alkyl; or

R 5a and R 5b taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached forma C 3-6 cycloalkyl; and R 2a , R 2b , R 3a , R 3b , R 4a , and R 4b are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, and C 1-4 alkyl; or

R 2a and R 5a taken together form a C 1-4 bridge; and R 2b , R 3a , R 3b , R 4a , R 4b , and R 5b are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, and C 1-4 alkyl; or

R 3a and R 4a taken together form a C 1-4 bridge; and R 2a , R 2b , R 3b , R 4a , R 5a , and R 5b are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, and C 1-4 alkyl; or

R 2a and R 4a taken together form a C 1-4 bridge; and R 2b , R 3a , R 3b , R 4b , R 5a , and R 5b are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, and C 1-4 alkyl; or

R 3a and R 5a taken form a C 1-4 bridge; and R 2a , R 2b , R 3b , R 4a , R 4b , and R 5b are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, and C 1-4 alkyl;

R 6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C 1-4 alkyl;

R 7 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C 1-4 alkyl;

R 8 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-4 alkyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, cycloalkylamino, (amino)alkyl, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, and —N(R 9 )C(═O)R 10 ;

R 9 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C 1-4 alkyl;

R 10 is selected from the group consisting of (amino)alkyl, (alkylamino)alkyl, and (dialkylamino)alkyl; and

R 11 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C 1-4 alkyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R 1 is selected from the group consisting of ethyl and cyclopropyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl, fluoroalkyl, (amino)alkyl, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (cycloalkylamino)alkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, (amino)(hydroxy)alkyl, (amino)(aryl)alkyl, (hydroxy)(aryl)alkyl, (aralkylamino)alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, optionally substituted C 6-14 aryl, optionally substituted 4- to 14-membered heterocyclo, optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C 3-12 cycloalkyl, aralkyl, and heteroaralkyl, when X is absent.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein B is:

R 6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C 1-4 alkyl; and R 1 , X, and Z are as defined above in connection with Formula I. In another embodiment, R 6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl. In another embodiment, R 6 is hydrogen.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein B is:

R 2a is selected from the group consisting of halo, C 1-6 alkyl, C 3-12 cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted C 6-14 aryl, aralkyl, and alkoxycarbonyl; and R 1 , X, and Z are as defined above in connection with Formula I. In another embodiment, B is selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, R 2a is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, phenyl, —CF 3 , —CO 2 Et, and —CH 2 OH. In another embodiment, R 2a is —CH 2 Ph.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein B is:

R 3a is selected from the group consisting of halo, C 1-6 alkyl, C 3-12 cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted C 6-14 aryl, aralkyl, and alkoxycarbonyl; and R 1 , X, and Z are as defined above in connection with Formula I. In another embodiment, B is selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, R 3a is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, phenyl, and —CH 2 Ph. In another embodiment, R 3a is —CH 2 Ph.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein B is:

R 2a and R 2b are each independently selected from the group consisting of halo and C 1-6 alkyl; or R 2a and R 2b taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C 3-6 cycloalkyl; and R 1 , X, and Z are as defined above in connection with Formula I. In another embodiment, B is selected from the group consisting of:

and R 2a and R 2b taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C 3-6 cycloalkyl. In another embodiment, B is selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, B is selected from the group consisting of:

and R 2a and R 2b are each independently selected from the group consisting of halo and C 1-4 alkyl. In another embodiment, R 2a and R 2b are selected from the group consisting of fluoro and methyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein B is:

R 3a and R 3b are each independently selected from the group consisting of halo and C 1-6 alkyl; or

R 3a and R 3b taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C 3-6 cycloalkyl; and R 1 , X, and Z are as defined above in connection with Formula I. In another embodiment, B is selected from the group consisting of:

and R 3a and R 3b taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C 3-6 cycloalkyl. In another embodiment, B is selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, B is selected from the group consisting of:

and R 3a and R 3b are each independently selected from the group consisting of halo and C 1-4 alkyl. In another embodiment, R 3a and R 3b are selected from the group consisting of fluoro and methyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein B is:

R 3a and R 5a are each independently C 1-6 alkyl; or R 3a and R 5a taken together form a C 1-4 bridge; and R 1 , X, and Z are as defined above in connection with Formula I. In another embodiment, B is selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, R 3a and R 5a are each independently C 1-4 alkyl. In another embodiment, R 3a and R 5a are each methyl or ethyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein B is:

and R 1 , X, and Z are as defined above in connection with Formula I. In another embodiment, B is selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein B is:

R 2a and R 3a are each independently C 1-6 alkyl; and R 1 , X, and Z are as defined above in connection with Formula I. In another embodiment, B is:

In another embodiment, R 2a and R 3a are each independently C 1-4 alkyl. In another embodiment, R 2a and R 3a are each methyl or ethyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein B is:

R 3a and R 4a are each independently C 1-6 alkyl; or R 3a and R 4a taken together form a C 1-4 bridge; and R 1 , X, and Z are as defined above in connection with Formula I. In another embodiment, B is:

In another embodiment, R 3a and R 4a are each independently C 1-4 alkyl. In another embodiment, R 3a and R 4a are each methyl or ethyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein B is selected from the group consisting of:

and R 1 , X, and Z are as defined above in connection with Formula I. In another embodiment, B is selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, B is selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein B is:

R 2a and R 5a are each independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl and alkoxycarbonyl; or R 2a and R 5a taken together form a C 1-4 bridge; and R 1 , X, and Z are as defined above in connection with Formula I. In another embodiment, B is:

In another embodiment, R 2a and R 5a are each independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkyl and alkoxycarbonyl. In another embodiment, R 2a and R 5a are each independently selected from the group consisting of methyl and —CO 2 Me.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein X is —S(═O) 2 — and R 1 , B, and Z are as defined above in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein X is —C(═O)— and R 1 , B, and Z are as defined above in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein X is absent and R 1 , B, and Z are as defined above in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein X is —S(═O) 2 N(H)— and R 1 , B, and Z are as defined above in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein X is —C(═O)N(H)— and R 1 , B, and Z are as defined above in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein X is —C(═O)O— and R 1 , B, and Z are as defined above in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein X is —S(═O) 2 CH 2 — and R 1 , B, and Z are as defined above in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein X is —C(═O)CH 2 — and R 1 , B, and Z are as defined above in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein X is selected from the group consisting of:

R 8 is selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, cycloalkylamino, (amino)alkyl, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, and —N(R 9 )C(═O)R 10 ; and R 1 , R 9 , R 10 , B, and Z are as defined above in connection with Formula I. In another embodiment, R 8 is selected from the group consisting of —NH 2 , —CH 2 NH 2 , and —N(H)C(═O)R 10 .

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein X is selected from the group consisting of:

R 8 is selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, cycloalkylamino, (amino)alkyl, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, and —N(R 9 )C(═O)R 10 ; and R 1 , R 9 , R 10 , B, and Z are as defined above in connection with Formula I. In another embodiment, R 8 is selected from the group consisting of —NH 2 , —CH 2 NH 2 , and —N(H)C(═O)R 10 .

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula I, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of (amino)alkyl, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, (aralkylamino)alkyl, optionally substituted C 6-14 aryl, optionally substituted 4- to 14-membered heterocyclo, optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, and optionally substituted C 3-12 cycloalkyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula II:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein

R 2a , R 2b , R 3a , R 3b , R 4a , R 4b , R 5a , and R 5b are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, C 1-6 alkyl, C 3-12 cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted C 6-14 aryl, aralkyl, and alkoxycarbonyl; or

R 2a and R 2b taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C 3-6 cycloalkyl; and R 2a , R 3b , R 4a , R 4b , R 5a , and R 5b are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, and C 1-4 alkyl; or

R 3a and R 3b taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C 3-6 cycloalkyl; and R 2a , R 2b , R 4a , R 4b , R 5a , and R 5b are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, and C 1-4 alkyl; or

R 4a and R 4b taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C 3-6 cycloalkyl; and R 2a , R 2b , R 3a , R 3b , R 5a , and R 5b are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, and C 1-4 alkyl; or

R 5a and R 5b taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C 3-6 cycloalkyl; and R 2a , R 2b , R 3a , R 3b , R 4a , and R 4b are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, and C 1-4 alkyl; or

R 2a and R 5a taken together form a C 1-4 bridge; and R 2b , R 3a , R 3b , R 4a , R 4b , and R 5b are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, and C 1-4 alkyl; or

R 3a and R 4a taken together form a C 1-4 bridge; and R 2a , R 2b , R 3b , R 4a , R 5a , and R 5b are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, and C 1-4 alkyl; or

R 2a and R 4a taken together form a C 1-4 bridge; and R 2b , R 3a , R 3b , R 4b , R 5a , and R 5b are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, and C 1-4 alkyl; or

R 3a and R 5a taken form a C 1-4 bridge; and R 2a , R 2b , R 3b , R 4a , R 4b , and R 5b are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, and C 1-4 alkyl;

R 6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C 1-4 alkyl;

with the proviso that a) one or more of R 2a , R 3a , R 4a , and R 5a is independently selected from the group consisting of halo, C 1-6 alkyl, C 3-12 cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted C 6-14 aryl, aralkyl, and alkoxycarbonyl; or b) R 6 is C 1-4 alkyl; and

R 1 , X, and Z are as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula II, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl, fluoroalkyl, (amino)alkyl, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (cycloalkylamino)alkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, (amino)(hydroxy)alkyl, (amino)(aryl)alkyl, (hydroxy)(aryl)alkyl, (aralkylamino)alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, optionally substituted C 6-14 aryl, optionally substituted 4- to 14-membered heterocyclo, optionally substituted 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted C 3-12 cycloalkyl, aralkyl, and heteroaralkyl, when X is absent.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula II, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein

R 2a , R 2b , R 3a , R 3b , R 4a , R 4b , R 5a , and R 5b are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, C 1-6 alkyl, C 3-12 cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, optionally substituted C 6-14 aryl, aralkyl, and alkoxycarbonyl; or

R 2a and R 2b taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C 3-6 cycloalkyl; and R 3a , R 3b , R 4a , R 4b , R 5a , and R 5b are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, and C 1-4 alkyl; or

R 3a and R 3b taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C 3-6 cycloalkyl; and R 2a , R 2b , R 4a , R 4b , R 5a , and R 5b are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, and C 1-4 alkyl; or

R 4a and R 4b taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C 3-6 cycloalkyl; and R 2a , R 2b , R 3a , R 3b , R 5a , and R 5b are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, and C 1-4 alkyl; or

R 5a and R 5b taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C 3-6 cycloalkyl; and R 2a , R 2b , R 3a , R 3b , R 4a , and R 4b are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, and C 1-4 alkyl; and

R 1 , R 6 , X, and Z are as defined in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula III:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein Z and R 1 are as defined above in connection with Formula I. In another embodiment, Z is selected from the group consisting of (amino)alkyl, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, optionally substituted C 6-14 aryl, and optionally substituted 4- to 14-membered heterocyclo.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula IV:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein Z and R 1 are as defined above in connection with Formula I. In another embodiment, Z is selected from the group consisting of (amino)alkyl, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, optionally substituted C 6-14 aryl, and optionally substituted 4- to 14-membered heterocyclo.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula V:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein Z and R 1 are as defined above in connection with Formula I. In another embodiment, Z is selected from the group consisting of (amino)alkyl, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, optionally substituted C 6-14 aryl, optionally substituted 4- to 14-membered heterocyclo, and optionally substituted C 3-12 cycloalkyl. It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that compounds having Formula V can be drawn in various ways, e.g.,

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula VI:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein Z and R 1 are as defined above in connection with Formula I. In another embodiment, Z is selected from the group consisting of (amino)alkyl, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, optionally substituted C 6-14 aryl, optionally substituted 4- to 14-membered heterocyclo, and optionally substituted C 3-12 cycloalkyl. It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that compounds having Formula VI can be drawn in various ways, e.g.,

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula VII:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein Z and R 1 are as defined above in connection with Formula I. In another embodiment, Z is selected from the group consisting of (amino)alkyl, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, optionally substituted C 6-14 aryl, optionally substituted 4- to 14-membered heterocyclo, and optionally substituted C 3-12 cycloalkyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula VIII:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein Z and R 1 are as defined above in connection with Formula I. In another embodiment, Z is selected from the group consisting of (amino)alkyl, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, optionally substituted C 6-14 aryl, optionally substituted 4- to 14-membered heterocyclo, and optionally substituted C 3-12 cycloalkyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula IX:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein Z and R 1 are as defined above in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having Formula X:

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein Z and R 1 are as defined above in connection with Formula I.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having any one of Formulae I-X, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R 1 is ethyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having any one of Formulae I-X, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R 1 is ethyl and Z is selected from the group consisting of (heterocyclo)alkyl, (amino)alkyl-substituted phenyl, amino-substituted piperidine, alkylamino-substituted piperidine, dialkylamino-substituted piperidine, and amino-substituted cyclohexyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having any one of Formulae I-X, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R 1 is n-propyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having any one of Formulae I-X, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R 1 is n-propyl and Z is selected from the group consisting of (heterocyclo)alkyl, (amino)alkyl-substituted phenyl, amino-substituted piperidine, alkylamino-substituted piperidine, dialkylamino-substituted piperidine, and amino-substituted cyclohexyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having any one of Formulae I-X, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R 1 is isopropyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having any one of Formulae I-X, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R 1 is isopropyl and Z is selected from the group consisting of (heterocyclo)alkyl, (amino)alkyl-substituted phenyl, amino-substituted piperidine, alkylamino-substituted piperidine, dialkylamino-substituted piperidine, and amino-substituted cyclohexyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having any one of Formulae I-X, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R 1 is isobutyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having any one of Formulae I-X, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R 1 is isobutyl and Z is selected from the group consisting of (heterocyclo)alkyl, (amino)alkyl-substituted phenyl, amino-substituted piperidine, alkylamino-substituted piperidine, dialkylamino-substituted piperidine, and amino-substituted cyclohexyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having any one of Formulae I-X, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R 1 is cyclopropyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having any one of Formulae I-X, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R 1 is cyclopropyl and Z is selected from the group consisting of (heterocyclo)alkyl, (amino)alkyl-substituted phenyl, amino-substituted piperidine, alkylamino-substituted piperidine, dialkylamino-substituted piperidine, and amino-substituted cyclohexyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having any one of Formulae I-X, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein Z is (heterocyclo)alkyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having any one of Formulae I-X, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein Z is a (heterocyclo)alkyl having the following structure:

wherein R 12 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluoroalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aralkyl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclo, alkoxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, hydroxyalkylamino, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (cyano)alkyl, (carboxamido)alkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, and (heteroaryl)alkyl. In another embodiment, R 12 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluoroalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aralkyl, alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, hydroxyalkylamino, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, and (heteroaryl)alkyl.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having any one of Formulae I-X, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds having any one of Formulae I-X, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, wherein R 1 is cyclopropyl and Z is selected from the group consisting of:

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds of Table 1, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, or a different pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The chemical names of the compounds of Table 1 are provided in Table 1A.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds of Table 2, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, or a different pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The chemical names of the compounds of Table 2 are provided in Table 2A.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds of Table 3, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, or a different pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The chemical names of the compounds of Table 3 are provided in Table 3A.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds of Tables 1 and 2, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, or a different pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds of Tables 1, 2, and 3, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, or a different pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are compounds of Tables 1, 1A, 2, 2A, 3, and 3A, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof, or a different pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are selected from the group consisting of:

N-((1R,3R,5S)-8-(((1r,4R)-4-aminocyclohexyl)sulfonyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide; N-((2S,4S)-1-((4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl)-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide; N-((2S,4S)-1-((4-(2-aminopropan-2-yl)phenyl)sulfonyl)-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide; N-((1R,3r,5S)-8-((4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide; 5-cyclopropyl-N-((1R,3r,5S)-8-(((1-(4,4,4-trifluorobutyl)piperidin-4-yl)methyl)sulfonyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide; and N-((1R,3r,5S)-8-((4-(2-aminopropan-2-yl)phenyl)sulfonyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide,

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof.

In another embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are selected from the group consisting of:

N-((1R,3R,5S)-8-(((1r,4R)-4-aminocyclohexyl)sulfonyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide; N-((2S,4S)-1-((4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl)-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide; N-((2S,4S)-1-((4-(2-aminopropan-2-yl)phenyl)sulfonyl)-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide; N-((1R,3r,5S)-8-((4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide; and 5-cyclopropyl-N-((1R,3r,5S)-8-(((1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl)sulfonyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide,

and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, e.g., hydrates, thereof.

It should be appreciated that the Compounds of the Disclosure in certain embodiments are the free base, various salts, and hydrate forms, and are not limited to the particular salt listed in Table 1, Table 2, or Table 3.

In another embodiment, a Compound of the Disclosure is a compound having Formulae I-X, provided that the compound is not:

Structure

Name

5-cyclopropyl-N-(piperidin-4- yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide

N-(8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)-5- cyclopropylisoxazole-3- carboxamide

N-(1-(2-amino-2- oxoethyl)piperidin-4-yl)-5- cyclopropylisoxazole-3- carboxamide

5-cyclopropyl-N-(1- (methylsulfonyl)piperidin-4- yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide

N-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-5- cyclopropylisoxazole-3- carboxamide

5-cyclopropyl-N-(1- isobutyrylpiperidin-4-yl)isoxazole-3- carboxamide

N-(1-benzoylpiperidin-4-yl)-5- cyclopropylisoxazole-3- carboxamide

ethyl 4-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3- carboxamido)piperidine-1- carboxylate

5-cyclopropyl-N-(1-(furan-3- carbonyl)piperidin-4-yl)isoxazole-3- carboxamide

5-cyclopropyl-N-(1-((4- methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)piperidin- 4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide

5-cyclopropyl-N-(1-tosylpiperidin- 4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide

5-cyclopropyl-N-(1-(2,6- dimethylpyrimidin-4-yl)piperidin-4- yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide

N-(1-((4- acetamidophenyl)sulfonyl)piperidin- 4-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3- carboxamide

5-cyclopropyl-N-(1-(4-isopropyl-5- (pyridin-4-yl)pyrimidin-2- yl)piperidin-4-yl)isoxazole-3- carboxamide

N-(1-7,8-dihydro-5H-pyrano[4,3- d]pyrimidin-2-yl)piperidin-4-yl)-5- ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamide

5-ethyl-N-(1-(4-isopropyl-5- (pyridin-4-yl)pyrimidin-2- yl)piperidin-4-yl)isoxazole-3- carboxamide

In some embodiments, the disclosure relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more of the following compounds:

Structure Name 5-cyclopropyl-N-(piperidin-4- yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide N-(8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)-5- cyclopropylisoxazole-3- carboxamide N-(1-(2-amino-2- oxoethyl)piperidin-4-yl)-5- cyclopropylisoxazole-3- carboxamide 5-cyclopropyl-N-(1- (methylsulfonyl)piperidin-4- yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide N-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-5- cyclopropylisoxazole-3- carboxamide 5-cyclopropyl-N-(1- isobutyrylpiperidin-4-yl)isoxazole-3- carboxamide N-(1-benzoylpiperidin-4-yl)-5- cyclopropylisoxazole-3- carboxamide ethyl 4-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3- carboxamido)piperidine-1- carboxylate 5-cyclopropyl-N-(1-(furan-3- carbonyl)piperidin-4-yl)isoxazole-3- carboxamide 5-cyclopropyl-N-(1-((4- methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)piperidin- 4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide 5-cyclopropyl-N-(1-tosylpiperidin- 4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide 5-cyclopropyl-N-(1-(2,6- dimethylpyrimidin-4-yl)piperidin-4- yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide N-(1-((4- acetamidophenyl)sulfonyl)piperidin- 4-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3- carboxamide 5-cyclopropyl-N-(1-(4-isopropyl-5- (pyridin-4-yl)pyrimidin-2- yl)piperidin-4-yl)isoxazole-3- carboxamide N-(1-7,8-dihydro-5H-pyrano[4,3- d]pyrimidin-2-yl)piperidin-4-yl)-5- ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamide 5-ethyl-N-(1-(4-isopropyl-5- (pyridin-4-yl)pyrimidin-2- yl)piperidin-4-yl)isoxazole-3- carboxamide

and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

In some embodiments, the disclosure relates to a method of inhibiting SMYD proteins, such as SMYD3 or SMYD2, or both, in a subject, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of at least one of the following compounds:

Structure

Name

5-cyclopropyl-N-(piperidin-4- yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide

N-(8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)-5- cyclopropylisoxazole-3- carboxamide

N-(1-(2-amino-2- oxoethyl)piperidin-4-yl)-5- cyclopropylisoxazole-3- carboxamide

5-cyclopropyl-N-(1- (methylsulfonyl)piperidin-4- yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide

N-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-5- cyclopropylisoxazole-3- carboxamide

5-cyclopropyl-N-(1- isobutyrylpiperidin-4-yl)isoxazole-3- carboxamide

N-(1-benzoylpiperidin-4-yl)-5- cyclopropylisoxazole-3- carboxamide

ethyl 4-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3- carboxamido)piperidine-1- carboxylate

5-cyclopropyl-N-(1-(furan-3- carbonyl)piperidin-4-yl)isoxazole-3- carboxamide

5-cyclopropyl-N-(1-((4- methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)piperidin- 4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide

5-cyclopropyl-N-(1-tosylpiperidin- 4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide

5-cyclopropyl-N-(1-(2,6- dimethylpyrimidin-4-yl)piperidin-4- yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide

N-(1-((4- acetamidophenyl)sulfonyl)piperidin- 4-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3- carboxamide

5-cyclopropyl-N-(1-(4-isopropyl-5- (pyridin-4-yl)pyrimidin-2- yl)piperidin-4-yl)isoxazole-3- carboxamide

N-(1-7,8-dihydro-5H-pyrano[4,3- d]pyrimidin-2-yl)piperidin-4-yl)-5- ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamide

5-ethyl-N-(1-(4-isopropyl-5- (pyridin-4-yl)pyrimidin-2- yl)piperidin-4-yl)isoxazole-3- carboxamide

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a straight- or branched-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon containing one to twelve carbon atoms (i.e., C 1-12 alkyl) or the number of carbon atoms designated (i.e., a C 1 alkyl such as methyl, a C 2 alkyl such as ethyl, a C 3 alkyl such as propyl or isopropyl, etc.). In one embodiment, the alkyl group is chosen from a straight chain C 1-10 alkyl group. In another embodiment, the alkyl group is chosen from a branched chain C 3-10 alkyl group. In another embodiment, the alkyl group is chosen from a straight chain C 1-6 alkyl group. In another embodiment, the alkyl group is chosen from a branched chain C 3-6 alkyl group. In another embodiment, the alkyl group is chosen from a straight chain C 1-4 alkyl group. In another embodiment, the alkyl group is chosen from a branched chain C 3-4 alkyl group. In another embodiment, the alkyl group is chosen from a straight or branched chain C 3-4 alkyl group. In another embodiment, the alkyl group is partially or completely deuterated, i.e., one or more hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group are replaced with deuterium atoms. Non-limiting exemplary C 1-10 alkyl groups include methyl (including —CD 3 ), ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, iso-butyl, 3-pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, and decyl. Non-limiting exemplary C 1-4 alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, and iso-butyl. Non-limiting exemplary C 1-4 groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, and tert-butyl.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “optionally substituted alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group means that the alkyl as defined above is either unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, or three substituents independently chosen from nitro, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, ureido, guanidino, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, and carboxyalkyl. In one embodiment, the alkyl is a C 1-4 alkyl. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted alkyl is substituted with two substituents. In another embodiment, the optionally substituted alkyl is substituted with one substituent. Non-limiting exemplary optionally substituted alkyl groups include —CH 2 CH 2 NO 2 , —CH 2 CH 2 CO 2 H, —CH 2 CH 2 SO 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 COPh, and —CH 2 C 6 H 11 .

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “cycloalkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to saturated and partially unsaturated (containing one or two double bonds) cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons containing one to three rings having from three to twelve carbon atoms (i.e., C 3-12 cycloalkyl) or the number of carbons designated. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl group has two rings. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl group has one ring. In another embodiment, the cycloalkyl group is chosen from a C 3-8 cycloalkyl group. In another embodiment, the cycloalkyl group is chosen from a C 3-6 cycloalkyl group. Non-limiting exemplary cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, norbornyl, decalin, adamantyl, cyclohexenyl, and spiro[3.3]heptane.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “optionally substituted cycloalkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group means that the cycloalkyl as defined above is either unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, or three substituents independently chosen from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aralkylamino, heteroalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyl, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, ureido, guanidino, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocyclo, alkoxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, hydroxyalkylamino, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (heterocyclo)alkylamino, (cyano)alkyl, (carboxamido)alkyl, mercaptoalkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, or (heteroaryl)alkyl. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted cycloalkyl is substituted with one, two, or three substituents independently chosen from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyl, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, ureido, guanidino, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocyclo, alkoxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, hydroxyalkylamino, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (cyano)alkyl, (carboxamido)alkyl, mercaptoalkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, or (heteroaryl)alkyl. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted cycloalkyl is substituted with two substituents. In another embodiment, the optionally substituted cycloalkyl is substituted with one substituent. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted cycloalkyl is substituted with at least one amino, alkylamino, or dialkylamino group. The term “amino-substituted cycloalkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group means that the optionally substituted cycloalkyl as defined above is substituted with at least one amino group. In one embodiment, the amino-substituted cycloalkyl is an amino-substituted cyclohexyl group. Non-limiting exemplary optionally substituted cycloalkyl groups include:

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “cycloalkenyl” as used by itself or part of another group refers to a partially unsaturated cycloalkyl group as defined above. In one embodiment, the cycloalkenyl has one carbon-to-carbon double bond. In another embodiment, the cycloalkenyl group is chosen from a C 4-8 cycloalkenyl group. Exemplary cycloalkenyl groups include cyclopentenyl and cyclohexenyl.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “optionally substituted cycloalkenyl” as used by itself or as part of another group means that the cycloalkenyl as defined above is either unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, or three substituents independently chosen from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aralkylamino, heteroalkyl, haloalkyl, monohydroxyalkyl, dihydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, ureido, guanidino, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocyclo, alkoxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, hydroxyalkylamino, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (cyano)alkyl, (carboxamido)alkyl, mercaptoalkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, and (heteroaryl)alkyl. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted cycloalkenyl is substituted with one, two, or three substituents independently chosen from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkyl, monohydroxyalkyl, dihydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, ureido, guanidino, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocyclo, alkoxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, hydroxyalkylamino, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (cyano)alkyl, (carboxamido)alkyl, mercaptoalkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, and (heteroaryl)alkyl. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted cycloalkenyl is substituted with two substituents. In another embodiment, the optionally substituted cycloalkenyl is substituted with one substituent. In another embodiment, the cycloalkenyl is unsubstituted.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “alkenyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group as defined above containing one, two or three carbon-to-carbon double bonds. In one embodiment, the alkenyl group is chosen from a C 2-6 alkenyl group. In another embodiment, the alkenyl group is chosen from a C 2-4 alkenyl group. Non-limiting exemplary alkenyl groups include ethenyl, propenyl, isopropenyl, butenyl, sec-butenyl, pentenyl, and hexenyl.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “optionally substituted alkenyl” as used herein by itself or as part of another group means the alkenyl as defined above is either unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents independently chosen from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, ureido, guanidino, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, or optionally substituted heterocyclo.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “alkynyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group as defined above containing one to three carbon-to-carbon triple bonds. In one embodiment, the alkynyl has one carbon-to-carbon triple bond. In one embodiment, the alkynyl group is chosen from a C 2-6 alkynyl group. In another embodiment, the alkynyl group is chosen from a C 2-4 alkynyl group. Non-limiting exemplary alkynyl groups include ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, 2-butynyl, pentynyl, and hexynyl groups.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “optionally substituted alkynyl” as used herein by itself or as part of another group means the alkynyl as defined above is either unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three substituents independently chosen from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, ureido, guanidino, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclo.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “haloalkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted by one or more fluorine, chlorine, bromine and/or iodine atoms. In one embodiment, the alkyl group is substituted by one, two, or three fluorine and/or chlorine atoms. In another embodiment, the haloalkyl group is chosen from a C 1-4 haloalkyl group. Non-limiting exemplary haloalkyl groups include fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 1,1-difluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, 4,4,4-trifluorobutyl, and trichloromethyl groups.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “fluoroalkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted by one or more fluorine atoms. In one embodiment, the alkyl group is substituted by one, two, or three fluorine atoms. In another embodiment, the fluoroalkyl group is chosen from a C 1-4 fluoroalkyl group. Non-limiting exemplary fluoroalkyl groups include fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 1,1-difluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, and 4,4,4-trifluorobutyl.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “hydroxyalkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with one or more, e.g., one, two, or three, hydroxy groups. In one embodiment, the hydroxyalkyl group is a monohydroxyalkyl group, i.e., substituted with one hydroxy group. In another embodiment, the hydroxyalkyl group is a dihydroxyalkyl group, i.e., substituted with two hydroxy groups. In another embodiment, the hydroxyalkyl group is chosen from a C 1-4 hydroxyalkyl group. Non-limiting exemplary hydroxyalkyl groups include hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl and hydroxybutyl groups, such as 1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 1,2-dihydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxybutyl, 4-hydroxybutyl, 2-hydroxy-1-methylpropyl, and 1,3-dihydroxyprop-2-yl.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “alkoxy” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl or optionally substituted alkynyl attached to a terminal oxygen atom. In one embodiment, the alkoxy group is chosen from a C 1-4 alkoxy group. In another embodiment, the alkoxy group is chosen from a C 1-4 alkyl attached to a terminal oxygen atom, e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, and tert-butoxy.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “alkylthio” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a sulfur atom substituted by an optionally substituted alkyl group. In one embodiment, the alkylthio group is chosen from a C 1-4 alkylthio group. Non-limiting exemplary alkylthio groups include —SCH 3 , and —SCH 2 CH 3 .

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “alkoxyalkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with an alkoxy group. Non-limiting exemplary alkoxyalkyl groups include methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, methoxypropyl, methoxybutyl, ethoxymethyl, ethoxyethyl, ethoxypropyl, ethoxybutyl, propoxymethyl, iso-propoxymethyl, propoxyethyl, propoxypropyl, butoxymethyl, tert-butoxymethyl, isobutoxymethyl, sec-butoxymethyl, and pentyloxymethyl.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “haloalkoxy” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a haloalkyl attached to a terminal oxygen atom. Non-limiting exemplary haloalkoxy groups include fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, and 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “heteroalkyl” as used by itself or part of another group refers to a stable straight or branched chain hydrocarbon radical containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms and at least two heteroatoms, which can be the same or different, selected from O, N, or S, wherein: 1) the nitrogen atom(s) and sulfur atom(s) can optionally be oxidized; and/or 2) the nitrogen atom(s) can optionally be quaternized. The heteroatoms can be placed at any interior position of the heteroalkyl group or at a position at which the heteroalkyl group is attached to the remainder of the molecule.

In one embodiment, the heteroalkyl group contains two oxygen atoms. In one embodiment, the heteroalkyl contains one oxygen and one nitrogen atom. In one embodiment, the heteroalkyl contains two nitrogen atoms. Non-limiting exemplary heteroalkyl groups include —CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , —OCH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , —CH 2 NHCH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 , —OCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 , —NHCH 2 CH 2 N(H)CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 N(H)CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 , —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 N(H)CH 2 CH 2 N(H)CH 3 , —NHCH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , —N(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , and —OCH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 .

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “aryl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic ring system having from six to fourteen carbon atoms (i.e., C 6-14 aryl). Non-limiting exemplary aryl groups include phenyl (abbreviated as “Ph”), naphthyl, phenanthryl, anthracyl, indenyl, azulenyl, biphenyl, biphenylenyl, and fluorenyl groups. In one embodiment, the aryl group is chosen from phenyl or naphthyl. In one embodiment, the aryl group is phenyl.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “optionally substituted aryl” as used herein by itself or as part of another group means that the aryl as defined above is either unsubstituted or substituted with one to five substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aralkylamino, heteroalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, aralkyl, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, ureido, guanidino, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocyclo, alkoxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, hydroxyalkylamino, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (cyano)alkyl, (carboxamido)alkyl, mercaptoalkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, (cycloalkylamino)alkyl, (C 1-4 haloalkoxy)alkyl, (heteroaryl)alkyl, —N(R 43 )(R 44 ), and —N(H)C(═O)—R 45 , wherein R 43 is hydrogen or C 1-4 alkyl; R 44 is alkoxyalkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, (amino)alkyl, (alkylamino)alkyl, or (dialkylamino)alkyl; and R 45 is alkyl, optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted aryl is substituted with one to five substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, aralkyl, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, ureido, guanidino, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocyclo, alkoxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, hydroxyalkylamino, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (cyano)alkyl, (carboxamido)alkyl, mereaptoalkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, (cycloalkylamino)alkyl, (C 1-4 haloalkoxy)alkyl, (heteroaryl)alkyl, —N(R 43 )(R 44 ), and —N(H)C(═O)—R 45 . In one embodiment, the optionally substituted aryl is an optionally substituted phenyl. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted phenyl has four substituents. In another embodiment, the optionally substituted phenyl has three substituents. In another embodiment, the optionally substituted phenyl has two substituents. In another embodiment, the optionally substituted phenyl has one substituent. In another embodiment, the optionally substituted phenyl has at least one amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (amino)alkyl, (alkylamino)alkyl, or (dialkylamino)alkyl substituent. The term “(amino)alkyl-substituted phenyl” as used by itself or as part of another group means that the optionally substituted phenyl as defined above is substituted with at least one (amino)alkyl group. Non-limiting exemplary substituted aryl groups include 2-methylphenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 2-bromophenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 4-ethylphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 2,6-di-fluorophenyl, 2,6-di-chlorophenyl, 2-methyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 2-ethyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 3,4-di-methoxyphenyl, 3,5-di-fluorophenyl 3,5-di-methylphenyl, 3,5-dimethoxy, 4-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-3-chlorophenyl, 3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl, 2-phenylpropan-2-amine,

The term optionally substituted aryl is meant to include groups having fused optionally substituted cycloalkyl and fused optionally substituted heterocyclo rings. Examples include:

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “aryloxy” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an optionally substituted aryl attached to a terminal oxygen atom. A non-limiting exemplary aryloxy group is PhO—.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “heteroaryloxy” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an optionally substituted heteroaryl attached to a terminal oxygen atom.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “aralkyloxy” or “arylalkyloxy” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an aralkyl group attached to a terminal oxygen atom. A non-limiting exemplary aralkyloxy group is PhCH 2 O—.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “heteroaryl” or “heteroaromatic” refers to monocyclic and bicyclic aromatic ring systems having 5 to 14 ring atoms (i.e., a 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl) and 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms independently chosen from oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl has three heteroatoms. In another embodiment, the heteroaryl has two heteroatoms. In another embodiment, the heteroaryl has one heteroatom. In another embodiment, the heteroaryl is a 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl. In another embodiment, the heteroaryl has 5 ring atoms, e.g., thienyl, a 5-membered heteroaryl having four carbon atoms and one sulfur atom. In another embodiment, the heteroaryl has 6 ring atoms, e.g., pyridyl, a 6-membered heteroaryl having five carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom. Non-limiting exemplary heteroaryl groups include thienyl, benzo[b]thienyl, naphtho[2,3-b]thienyl, thianthrenyl, furyl, benzofuryl, pyranyl, isobenzofuranyl, benzooxazonyl, chromenyl, xanthenyl, 2H-pyrrolyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, isoindolyl, 3H-indolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, purinyl, isoquinolyl, quinolyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, cinnolinyl, quinazolinyl, pteridinyl, 4aH-carbazolyl, carbazolyl, β-carbolinyl, phenanthridinyl, acridinyl, pyrimidinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phenazinyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, phenothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, furazanyl, and phenoxazinyl. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl is chosen from thienyl (e.g., thien-2-yl and thien-3-yl), furyl (e.g., 2-furyl and 3-furyl), pyrrolyl (e.g., 1H-pyrrol-2-yl and 1H-pyrrol-3-yl), imidazolyl (e.g., 2H-imidazol-2-yl and 2H-imidazol-4-yl), pyrazolyl (e.g., 1H-pyrazol-3-yl, 1H-pyrazol-4-yl, and 1H-pyrazol-5-yl), pyridyl (e.g., pyridin-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl, and pyridin-4-yl), pyrimidinyl (e.g., pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl, and pyrimidin-5-yl), thiazolyl (e.g., thiazol-2-yl, thiazol-4-yl, and thiazol-5-yl), isothiazolyl (e.g., isothiazol-3-yl, isothiazol-4-yl, and isothiazol-5-yl), oxazolyl (e.g., oxazol-2-yl, oxazol-4-yl, and oxazol-5-yl) and isoxazolyl (e.g., isoxazol-3-yl, isoxazol-4-yl, and isoxazol-5-yl). The term “heteroaryl” is also meant to include possible N-oxides. Exemplary N-oxides include pyridyl N-oxide.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “optionally substituted heteroaryl” as used by itself or as part of another group means that the heteroaryl as defined above is either unsubstituted or substituted with one to four substituents, e.g., one or two substituents, independently chosen from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aralkylamino, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aralkyl, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, ureido, guanidino, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocyclo, alkoxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, hydroxyalkylamino, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (cyano)alkyl, (carboxamido)alkyl, mercaptoalkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, (heteroaryl)alkyl, —N(R 43 )(R 44 ), or —N(H)C(═O)—R 45 , wherein R 43 is hydrogen or C 1-4 alkyl; R 44 is alkoxyalkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, (amino)alkyl, (alkylamino)alkyl, or (dialkylamino)alkyl; and R 45 is alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl. In another embodiment, the optionally substituted heteroaryl is substituted with one to four substituents, e.g., one or two substituents, independently chosen from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aralkyl, aryloxy, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, ureido, guanidino, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocyclo, alkoxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, hydroxyalkylamino, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (cyano)alkyl, (carboxamido)alkyl, mercaptoalkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, (heteroaryl)alkyl, —N(R 43 )(R 44 ), or —N(H)C(═O)—R 45 . In one embodiment, the optionally substituted heteroaryl has one substituent. In one embodiment, the substituent is amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, (amino)alkyl, hydroxyalkylamino, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, —N(R 43 )(R 44 ), or —N(H)C(═O)—R 45 . In one embodiment, the optionally substituted is an optionally substituted pyridyl, i.e., 2-, 3-, or 4-pyridyl. Any available carbon or nitrogen atom can be substituted.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “heterocycle” or “heterocyclo” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to saturated and partially unsaturated (e.g., containing one or two double bonds) cyclic groups containing one, two, or three rings having from three to fourteen ring members (i.e., a 3- to 14-membered heterocyclo) and at least one heteroatom. Each heteroatom is independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, including sulfoxide and sulfone, and/or nitrogen atoms, which can be quaternized. The term “heterocyclo” is meant to include cyclic ureido groups such as imidazolidinyl-2-one, cyclic amide groups such as β-lactam, γ-lactam, δ-lactam and ε-lactam, and cyclic carbamate groups such as oxazolidinyl-2-one. The term “heterocyclo” is also meant to include groups having fused optionally substituted aryl groups, e.g., indolinyl, indolinyl-2-one, benzo[d]oxazolyl-2(3H)-one. In one embodiment, the heterocyclo group is chosen from a 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-membered cyclic group containing one ring and one or two oxygen and/or nitrogen atoms. In one embodiment, the heterocyclo group is chosen from a 5- or 6-membered cyclic group containing one ring and one or two nitrogen atoms. In one embodiment, the heterocyclo group is chosen from a 8-, 9-, 10-, 11-, or 12-membered cyclic group containing two rings and one or two nitrogen atoms. The heterocyclo can be optionally linked to the rest of the molecule through a carbon or nitrogen atom. Non-limiting exemplary heterocyclo groups include 2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl, 2-imidazolidinone, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (nortropane), 6-azaspiro[2.5]octane, 6-azaspiro[3.4]octane, indolinyl, indolinyl-2-one, 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-one.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “optionally substituted heterocyclo” as used herein by itself or part of another group means the heterocyclo as defined above is either unsubstituted or substituted with one to four substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aralkylamino, heteroalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyl, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, ureido, guanidino, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted heterocyclo, alkoxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, hydroxyalkylamino, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (heterocyclo)alkylamino, (cyano)alkyl, (carboxamido)alkyl, mercaptoalkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, and (heteroaryl)alkyl. Substitution may occur on any available carbon or nitrogen atom, and may form a spirocycle. In another embodiment, the optionally substituted heterocyclo is substituted with one to four substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aralkylamino, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkyl, aralkyloxy, alkylthio, carboxamido, sulfonamido, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, ureido, guanidino, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclo, alkoxyalkyl, (amino)alkyl, hydroxyalkylamino, (alkylamino)alkyl, (dialkylamino)alkyl, (cyano)alkyl, (carboxamido)alkyl, mercaptoalkyl, (heterocyclo)alkyl, and (heteroaryl)alkyl. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted heterocyclo is substituted with at least one amino, alkylamino, or dialkylamino group. The term “amino-substituted heterocyclo” as used by itself or as part of another group means that the optionally substituted heterocyclo as defined above is substituted with at least one amino group. Likewise, the term “alkylamino-substituted heterocyclo” as used by itself or as part of another group means that the optionally substituted heterocyclo as defined above is substituted with at least one alkylamino group. In one embodiment, the amino-substituted or alkylamino-substituted heterocyclo is an amino-substituted or alkylamino-substituted piperidine. Non-limiting exemplary optionally substituted heterocyclo groups include:

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “amino” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to —NH 2 .

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “alkylamino” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to —NHR 22 , wherein R 22 is C 1-6 alkyl. In one embodiment, R 22 is C 1-4 alkyl. Non-limiting exemplary alkylamino groups include —N(H)CH 3 and —N(H)CH 2 CH 3 .

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “dialkylamino” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to —NR 23a R 23b , wherein R 23a and R 23b are each independently C 1-6 alkyl. In one embodiment, R 23a and R 23b are each independently C 1-4 alkyl. Non-limiting exemplary dialkylamino groups include —N(CH 3 ) 2 and —N(CH 3 )CH 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 .

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “hydroxyalkylamino” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to —NHR 24 , wherein R 24 is hydroxyalkyl.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “cycloalkylamino” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to —NR 25a R 25b wherein R 25a is optionally substituted cycloalkyl and R 25b is hydrogen or C 1-4 alkyl.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “aralkylamino” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to —NR 26a R 26b , wherein R 26a is aralkyl and R 26b is hydrogen or C 1-4 alkyl. Non-limiting exemplary aralkylamino groups include —N(H)CH 2 Ph, —N(H)CHPh 2 , and —N(CH 3 )CH 2 Ph.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “(cycloalkyl)alkylamino” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to —NR 26c R 26d wherein R 26a is (cycloalkyl)alkyl and R 26d is hydrogen or C 1-4 alkyl. Non-limiting exemplary (cycloalkyl)alkylamino groups include:

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “(heterocyclo)alkylamino” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to —NR 26e R 26f , wherein R 26e is (heterocyclo)alkyl and R 26f is hydrogen or C 1-4 alkyl. Non-limiting exemplary (heterocyclo)alkylamino groups include:

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “(amino)alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with an amino group. In one embodiment, the alkyl is a C 1-4 alkyl. Non-limiting exemplary (amino)alkyl groups include —CH 2 NH 2 , —C(CH 3 )NH 2 , —C(NH 2 )(H)CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 , —CH 2 C(NH 2 )(H)CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 , —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 , and —CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 NH 2 .

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “(alkylamino)alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with an alkylamino group. In one embodiment, the alkyl is a C 1-4 alkyl. A non-limiting exemplary (alkylamino)alkyl group is —CH 2 CH 2 N(H)CH 3 .

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “(dialkylamino)alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted by a dialkylamino group. In one embodiment, the alkyl is a C 1-4 alkyl. Non-limiting exemplary (dialkylamino)alkyl groups are —CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 3 ) 2 .

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “(cycloalkylamino)alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted by a cycloalkylamino group. In one embodiment, the alkyl is a C 1-4 alkyl. Non-limiting exemplary (cycloalkylamino)alkyl groups include —CH 2 N(H)cyclopropyl, —CH 2 N(H)cyclobutyl, and —CH 2 N(H)cyclohexyl.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “[(cycloalkyl)alkylamino]alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted by a (cycloalkyl)alkylamino group. In one embodiment, the alkyl is a C 1-4 alkyl. Non-limiting exemplary ([(cycloalkyl)alkylamino]alkyl groups include:

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “[(heterocyclo)alkylamino]alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted by a (heterocyclo)alkylamino group. In one embodiment, the alkyl is a C 1-4 alkyl. Non-limiting exemplary ([(heterocyclo)alkylamino]alkyl groups include:

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “(aralkylamino)alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with an aralkylamino group. In one embodiment, the alkyl is a C 1-4 alkyl. Non-limiting exemplary (aralkylamino)alkyl groups include —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 N(H)CH 2 Ph and —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 N(H)CH 2 (4-CF 3 -Ph).

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “(cyano)alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with one or more cyano, e.g., —CN, groups. In one embodiment, the alkyl is a C 1-4 alkyl. Non-limiting exemplary (cyano)alkyl groups include —CH 2 CH 2 CN, —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CN, and —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CN.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “(amino)(hydroxy)alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with one amino, alkylamino, or dialkylamino group and one hydroxy group. In one embodiment, the alkyl is a C 1-6 alkyl. In another embodiment, the alkyl is a C 1-4 alkyl. Non-limiting exemplary (amino)(hydroxy)alkyl groups include:

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “(amino)(aryl)alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with one amino, alkylamino, or dialkylamino group and one optionally substituted aryl group. In one embodiment, the alkyl is a C 1-6 alkyl. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted aryl group is an optionally substituted phenyl. Non-limiting exemplary (amino)(aryl)alkyl groups include:

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “(cycloalkyl)alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with one optionally substituted cycloalkyl group. In one embodiment, the alkyl is a C 1-4 alkyl. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl is a C 3-6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted cycloalkyl group is substituted with an amino or (amino)alkyl group. Non-limiting exemplary (cycloalkyl)alkyl groups include:

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “(hydroxy)(aryl)alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with one hydroxy group and one optionally substituted aryl group. In one embodiment, the alkyl is a C 1-6 alkyl. In one embodiment, the optionally substituted aryl group is an optionally substituted phenyl. Non-limiting exemplary (hydroxy)(aryl)alkyl groups include:

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “carboxamido” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a radical of formula —C(═O)NR 26a R 26b , wherein R 26a and R 26b are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl, or R 26a and R 26b taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached from a 3- to 8-membered heterocyclo group. In one embodiment, R 26a and R 26b are each independently hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl. Non-limiting exemplary carboxamido groups include —CONH 2 , —CON(H)CH 3 , CON(CH 3 ) 2 , and —CON(H)Ph.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “(carboxamido)alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with a carboxamido group. Non-limiting exemplary (carboxamido)alkyl groups include —CH 2 CONH 2 , —C(H)CH 3 —CONH 2 , and —CH 2 CON(H)CH 3 .

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “sulfonamido” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a radical of the formula —SO 2 NR 27a R 27b , wherein R 27a and R 27b are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, or optionally substituted aryl, or R 27a and R 27b taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached from a 3- to 8-membered heterocyclo group. Non-limiting exemplary sulfonamido groups include —SO 2 NH 2 , —SO 2 N(H)CH 3 , and —SO 2 N(H)Ph.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “alkylcarbonyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a carbonyl group, i.e., —C(═O)—, substituted by an alkyl group. A non-limiting exemplary alkylcarbonyl group is —COCH 3 .

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “arylcarbonyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a carbonyl group, i.e., —C(═O)—, substituted by an optionally substituted aryl group. A non-limiting exemplary arylcarbonyl group is —COPh.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “alkylsulfonyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a sulfonyl group, i.e., —SO 2 —, substituted by any of the above-mentioned optionally substituted alkyl groups. A non-limiting exemplary alkylsulfonyl group is —SO 2 CH 3 .

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “arylsulfonyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a sulfonyl group, i.e., —SO 2 —, substituted by any of the above-mentioned optionally substituted aryl groups. A non-limiting exemplary arylsulfonyl group is —SO 2 Ph.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “mercaptoalkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to any of the above-mentioned alkyl groups substituted by a —SH group.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “carboxy” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a radical of the formula —COOH.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “carboxyalkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to any of the above-mentioned alkyl groups substituted with a —COOH. A non-limiting exemplary carboxyalkyl group is —CH 2 CO 2 H.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “alkoxycarbonyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a carbonyl group, i.e., —C(═O)—, substituted by an alkoxy group. In one embodiment, the alkoxy group is a C 1-4 alkoxy. Non-limiting exemplary alkoxycarbonyl groups are —CO 2 Me and —CO 2 Et.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “aralkyl” or “arylalkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three optionally substituted aryl groups. In one embodiment, the aralkyl group is a C 1-4 alkyl substituted with one optionally substituted aryl group. Non-limiting exemplary aralkyl groups include benzyl, phenethyl, —CHPh 2 , —CH 2 (4-OH-Ph), and —CH(4-F-Ph) 2 .

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “ureido” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a radical of the formula —NR 30a —C(═O)—NR 30b R 30c , wherein R 30a is hydrogen, alkyl, or optionally substituted aryl, and R 30b and R 30c are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, or optionally substituted aryl, or R 30b and R 30c taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a 4- to 8-membered heterocyclo group. Non-limiting exemplary ureido groups include —NH—C(C═O)—NH 2 and —NH—C(C═O)—NHCH 3 .

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “guanidino” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a radical of the formula —NR 28a —C(NR 29 )—NR 28b R 28c , wherein R 28a , R 28b , and R 28c are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, or optionally substituted aryl, and R 29 is hydrogen, alkyl, cyano, alkylsulfonyl, alkylcarbonyl, carboxamido, or sulfonamido. Non-limiting exemplary guanidino groups include —NH—C(C═NH)—NH 2 , —NH—C(C═NCN)—NH 2 , and —NH—C(C═NH)—NHCH 3 .

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “(heterocyclo)alkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three optionally substituted heterocyclo groups. In one embodiment, the (heterocyclo)alkyl is a C 1-4 alkyl substituted with one optionally substituted heterocyclo group. The heterocyclo can be linked to the alkyl group through a carbon or nitrogen atom. Non-limiting exemplary (heterocyclo)alkyl groups include:

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “(heteroaryl)alkyl” or “heteroaralkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three optionally substituted heteroaryl groups. In one embodiment, the (heteroaryl)alkyl group is a C 1-4 alkyl substituted with one optionally substituted heteroaryl group. Non-limiting exemplary (heteroaryl)alkyl groups include:

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “alkylcarbonylamino” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkylcarbonyl group attached to an amino. A non-limiting exemplary alkylcarbonylamino group is —NHCOCH 3 .

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the term “C 1-4 bridge” refers to a —CH 2 —, —(CH 2 ) 2 —, —(CH 2 ) 3 —, or —(CH 2 ) 4 — group that joins two carbon atoms of a piperidine to form an azabicyclo group. For example, in Formula I, R 3a and R 4a of B can be taken together to form a 6-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, 9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, or 10-azabicyclo[4.3.1]decane group. Each methylene unit of the C 1-4 bridge can be optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkyl and halo.

The present disclosure encompasses any of the Compounds of the Disclosure being isotopically-labelled (i.e., radiolabeled) by having one or more atoms replaced by an atom having a different atomic mass or mass number. Examples of isotopes that can be incorporated into the disclosed compounds include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, fluorine and chlorine, such as 2 H (or deuterium (D)), 3 H, 11 C, 13 C, 14 C, 15 N, 18 O, 17 O, 31 P, 32 P, 35 S, 18 F, and 36 Cl, respectively, e.g., 3 H, 11 C, and 14 C. In one embodiment, provided is a composition wherein substantially all of the atoms at a position within the Compound of the Disclosure are replaced by an atom having a different atomic mass or mass number. In another embodiment, provided is a composition wherein a portion of the atoms at a position within the Compound of the disclosure are replaced, i.e., the Compound of the Disclosure is enriched at a position with an atom having a different atomic mass or mass number.” Isotopically-labelled Compounds of the Disclosure can be prepared by methods known in the art.

Compounds of the Disclosure may contain one or more asymmetric centers and may thus give rise to enantiomers, diastereomers, and other stereoisomeric forms. The present disclosure is meant to encompass the use of all such possible forms, as well as their racemic and resolved forms and mixtures thereof. The individual enantiomers can be separated according to methods known in the art in view of the present disclosure. When the compounds described herein contain olefinic double bonds or other centers of geometric asymmetry, and unless specified otherwise, it is intended that they include both E and Z geometric isomers. All tautomers are intended to be encompassed by the present disclosure as well.

As used herein, the term “stereoisomers” is a general term for all isomers of individual molecules that differ only in the orientation of their atoms in space. It includes enantiomers and isomers of compounds with more than one chiral center that are not mirror images of one another (diastereomers).

The term “chiral center” or “asymmetric carbon atom” refers to a carbon atom to which four different groups are attached.

The terms “enantiomer” and “enantiomeric” refer to a molecule that cannot be superimposed on its mirror image and hence is optically active wherein the enantiomer rotates the plane of polarized light in one direction and its mirror image compound rotates the plane of polarized light in the opposite direction.

The term “racemic” refers to a mixture of equal parts of enantiomers and which mixture is optically inactive. In one embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are racemic.

The term “absolute configuration” refers to the spatial arrangement of the atoms of a chiral molecular entity (or group) and its stereochemical description, e.g., R or S.

The stereochemical terms and conventions used in the specification are meant to be consistent with those described in Pure & Appl. Chem 68:2193 (1996), unless otherwise indicated.

The term “enantiomeric excess” or “ee” refers to a measure for how much of one enantiomer is present compared to the other. For a mixture of R and S enantiomers, the percent enantiomeric excess is defined as |R−S|*100, where R and S are the respective mole or weight fractions of enantiomers in a mixture such that R+S=1. With knowledge of the optical rotation of a chiral substance, the percent enantiomeric excess is defined as ([α] obs /[α] max )*100, where [α] obs is the optical rotation of the mixture of enantiomers and [α] max is the optical rotation of the pure enantiomer. Determination of enantiomeric excess is possible using a variety of analytical techniques, including NMR spectroscopy, chiral column chromatography or optical polarimetry.

The terms “enantiomerically pure” or “enantiopure” refer to a sample of a chiral substance all of whose molecules (within the limits of detection) have the same chirality sense. In one embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are enantiomerically pure.

The terms “enantiomerically enriched” or “enantioenriched” refer to a sample of a chiral substance whose enantiomeric ratio is greater than 50:50. In one embodiment, Compounds of the Disclosure are enantiomerically enriched, e.g., the enantiomeric ratio is about 60:40 or greater, about 70:30 or greater, about 80:20 or greater, about 90:10 or greater, about 95:5 or greater, about 98:2 or greater, or about 99:1 or greater. Enantiomerically enriched compounds may be enantiomerically pure.

The terms “a” and “an” refer to one or more.

The term “about,” as used herein, includes the recited number ±10%. Thus, “about 10” means 9 to 11.

The present disclosure encompasses the preparation and use of salts of the Compounds of the Disclosure, including non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable addition salts include inorganic and organic acid addition salts and basic salts. The pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, metal salts such as sodium salt, potassium salt, cesium salt and the like; alkaline earth metals such as calcium salt, magnesium salt and the like; organic amine salts such as triethylamine salt, pyridine salt, picoline salt, ethanolamine salt, triethanolamine salt, dicyclohexylamine salt, N,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine salt and the like; inorganic acid salts such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, phosphate, sulphate and the like; organic acid salts such as citrate, lactate, tartrate, maleate, fumarate, mandelate, acetate, dichloroacetate, trifluoroacetate, oxalate, formate and the like; sulfonates such as methanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate and the like; and amino acid salts such as arginate, asparginate, glutamate and the like. The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” as used herein, refers to any salt, e.g., obtained by reaction with an acid or a base, of a Compound of the Disclosure that is physiologically tolerated in the target patient (e.g., a mammal, e.g., a human).

Acid addition salts can be formed by mixing a solution of the particular Compound of the Disclosure with a solution of a pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic acid such as hydrochloric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, carbonic acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid, dichloroacetic acid, or the like. Basic salts can be formed by mixing a solution of the compound of the present disclosure with a solution of a pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic base such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, choline hydroxide, sodium carbonate and the like.

The present disclosure encompasses the preparation and use of solvates of Compounds of the Disclosure. Solvates typically do not significantly alter the physiological activity or toxicity of the compounds, and as such may function as pharmacological equivalents. The term “solvate” as used herein is a combination, physical association and/or solvation of a compound of the present disclosure with a solvent molecule such as, e.g. a disolvate, monosolvate or hemisolvate, where the ratio of solvent molecule to compound of the present disclosure is about 2:1, about 1:1 or about 1:2, respectively. This physical association involves varying degrees of ionic and covalent bonding, including hydrogen bonding. In certain instances, the solvate can be isolated, such as when one or more solvent molecules are incorporated into the crystal lattice of a crystalline solid. Thus, “solvate” encompasses both solution-phase and isolatable solvates. Compounds of the Disclosure can be present as solvated forms with a pharmaceutically acceptable solvent, such as water, methanol, ethanol, and the like, and it is intended that the disclosure includes both solvated and unsolvated forms of Compounds of the Disclosure. One type of solvate is a hydrate. A “hydrate” relates to a particular subgroup of solvates where the solvent molecule is water. Solvates typically can function as pharmacological equivalents. Preparation of solvates is known in the art. See, for example, M. Caira et al, J. Pharmaceut. Sci., 93(3):601-611 (2004), which describes the preparation of solvates of fluconazole with ethyl acetate and with water. Similar preparation of solvates, hemisolvates, hydrates, and the like are described by E. C. van Tonder et al., AAPS Pharm. Sci. Tech., 5(1):Article 12 (2004), and A. L. Bingham et al., Chem. Commun. 603-604 (2001). A typical, non-limiting, process of preparing a solvate would involve dissolving a Compound of the Disclosure in a desired solvent (organic, water, or a mixture thereof) at temperatures above 20° C. to about 25° C., then cooling the solution at a rate sufficient to form crystals, and isolating the crystals by known methods, e.g., filtration. Analytical techniques such as infrared spectroscopy can be used to confirm the presence of the solvent in a crystal of the solvate.

Since Compounds of the Disclosure are inhibitors of SMYD proteins, such as SMYD3 and SMYD2, a number of diseases, conditions, or disorders mediated by SMYD proteins, such as SMYD3 and SMYD2, can be treated by employing these compounds. The present disclosure is thus directed generally to a method for treating a disease, condition, or disorder responsive to the inhibition of SMYD proteins, such as SMYD3 and SMYD2, in an animal suffering from, or at risk of suffering from, the disorder, the method comprising administering to the animal an effective amount of one or more Compounds of the Disclosure.

The present disclosure is further directed to a method of inhibiting SMYD proteins in an animal in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the animal a therapeutically effective amount of at least one Compound of the Disclosure.

The present disclosure is further directed to a method of inhibiting SMYD3 in an animal in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the animal a therapeutically effective amount of at least one Compound of the Disclosure.

The present disclosure is further directed to a method of inhibiting SMYD2 in an animal in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the animal a therapeutically effective amount of at least one Compound of the Disclosure.

As used herein, the terms “treat,” “treating,” “treatment,” and the like refer to eliminating, reducing, or ameliorating a disease or condition, and/or symptoms associated therewith. Although not precluded, treating a disease or condition does not require that the disease, condition, or symptoms associated therewith be completely eliminated. As used herein, the terms “treat,” “treating,” “treatment,” and the like may include “prophylactic treatment,” which refers to reducing the probability of redeveloping a disease or condition, or of a recurrence of a previously-controlled disease or condition, in a subject who does not have, but is at risk of or is susceptible to, redeveloping a disease or condition or a recurrence of the disease or condition. The term “treat” and synonyms contemplate administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure to an individual in need of such treatment.

Within the meaning of the disclosure, “treatment” also includes relapse prophylaxis or phase prophylaxis, as well as the treatment of acute or chronic signs, symptoms and/or malfunctions. The treatment can be orientated symptomatically, for example, to suppress symptoms. It can be effected over a short period, be oriented over a medium term, or can be a long-term treatment, for example within the context of a maintenance therapy.

The term “therapeutically effective amount” or “effective dose” as used herein refers to an amount of the active ingredient(s) that is(are) sufficient, when administered by a method of the disclosure, to efficaciously deliver the active ingredient(s) for the treatment of condition or disease of interest to an individual in need thereof. In the case of a cancer or other proliferation disorder, the therapeutically effective amount of the agent may reduce (i.e., retard to some extent and preferably stop) unwanted cellular proliferation; reduce the number of cancer cells; reduce the tumor size; inhibit (i.e., retard to some extent and preferably stop) cancer cell infiltration into peripheral organs; inhibit (i.e., retard to some extent and preferably stop) tumor metastasis; inhibit, to some extent, tumor growth; modulate protein methylation in the target cells; and/or relieve, to some extent, one or more of the symptoms associated with the cancer. To the extent the administered compound or composition prevents growth and/or kills existing cancer cells, it may be cytostatic and/or cytotoxic.

The term “container” means any receptacle and closure therefore suitable for storing, shipping, dispensing, and/or handling a pharmaceutical product.

The term “insert” means information accompanying a pharmaceutical product that provides a description of how to administer the product, along with the safety and efficacy data required to allow the physician, pharmacist, and patient to make an informed decision regarding use of the product. The package insert generally is regarded as the “label” for a pharmaceutical product.

The term “disease” or “condition” or “disorder” denotes disturbances and/or anomalies that as a rule are regarded as being pathological conditions or functions, and that can manifest themselves in the form of particular signs, symptoms, and/or malfunctions. As demonstrated below, Compounds of the Disclosure inhibit SMYD proteins, such as SMYD3 and SMYD2 and can be used in treating diseases and conditions such as proliferative diseases, wherein inhibition of SMYD proteins, such as SMYD3 and SMYD2 provides a benefit.

In some embodiments, the Compounds of the Disclosure can be used to treat a “SMYD protein mediated disorder” (e.g., a SMYD3-mediated disorder or a SMYD2-mediated disorder). A SMYD protein mediated disorder is any pathological condition in which a SMYD protein is know to play a role. In some embodiments, a SMYD-mediated disorder is a proliferative disease.

In some embodiments inhibiting SMYD proteins, such as SMYD3 and SMYD2, is the inhibition of the activity of one or more activities of SMYD proteins such as SMYD3 and SMYD2. In some embodiments, the activity of the SMYD proteins such as SMYD3 and SMYD2 is the ability of the SMYD protein such as SMYD3 or SMYD2 to transfer a methyl group to a target protein (e.g., histone). It should be appreciated that the activity of the one or more SMYD proteins such as SMYD3 and SMYD2 may be inhibited in vitro or in vivo. Exemplary levels of inhibition of the activity one or more SMYD proteins such as SMYD3 and SMYD2 include at least 10% inhibition, at least 20% inhibition, at least 30% inhibition, at least 40% inhibition, at least 50% inhibition, at least 60% inhibition, at least 70% inhibition, at least 80% inhibition, at least 90% inhibition, and up to 100% inhibition.

The SMYD (SET and MYND domain) family of lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) plays pivotal roles in various cellular processes, including gene expression regulation and DNA damage response. The family of human SMYD proteins consists of SMYD1, SMYD2, SMYD3, SMYD4 and SMYD5. SMYD1, SMYD2, and SMYD3 share a high degree of sequence homology and, with the exception of SMYD5, human SMYD proteins harbor at least one C-terminal tetratrico peptide repeat (TPR) domain. (See e.g., Abu-Farha et al. J Mol Cell Biol (2011) 3 (5) 301-308). The SMYD proteins have been found to be linked to various cancers (See e.g., Hamamoto et al. Nat Cell. Biol. 2004, 6: 731-740), Hu et al. Canncer Research 2009, 4067-4072, and Komatsu et al. Carcinogenesis 2009, 301139-1146.)

SMYD3 is a protein methyltransferase found to be expressed at high levels in a number of different cancers (Hamamoto, R., et al., Nat. Cell Biol., 6(8):731-40 (2004)). SMYD3 likely plays a role in the regulation of gene transcription and signal transduction pathways critical for survival of breast, liver, prostate and lung cancer cell lines (Hamamoto, R., et al., Nat. Cell Biol., 6(8):731-40 (2004); Hamamoto, R., et al., Cancer Sci., 97(2):113-8 (2006); Van Aller, G. S., et al., Epigenetics, 7(4):340-3 (2012); Liu, C., et al., J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 105(22):1719-28 (2013); Mazur, P. K., et al., Nature, 510(7504):283-7 (2014)).

Genetic knockdown of SMYD3 leads to a decrease in proliferation of a variety of cancer cell lines (Hamamoto, R., et al., Nat. Cell Biol., 6(8):731-40 (2004); Hamamoto, R., et al., Cancer Sci., 97(2):113-8 (2006); Van Aller, G. S., et al., Epigenetics, 7(4):340-3 (2012); Liu, C., et al., J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 105(22):1719-28 (2013); Mazur, P. K., et al., Nature, 510(7504):283-7 (2014)). Several studies employing RNAi-based technologies have shown that ablation of SMYD3 in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines greatly reduces cell viability and that its pro-survival role is dependent on its catalytic activity (Hamamoto, R., et al., Nat. Cell Biol., 6(8):731-40 (2004); Van Aller, G. S., et al., Epigenetics, 7(4):340-3 (2012)). Moreover, SMYD3 has also been shown to be a critical mediator of transformation resulting from gain of function mutations in the oncogene, KRAS for both pancreatic and lung adenocarcinoma in mouse models. The dependence of KRAS on SMYD3 was also shown to be dependent on its catalytic activity (Mazur, P. K., et al., Nature, 510(7504):283-7 (2014)). SMYD3 function has also been implicated in colorectal cancers and RNAi mediated knockdown of SMYD3 has been shown to impair colorectal cell proliferation. (Peserico et al., Cell Physiol. 2015 Feb. 28. doi: 10.1002/jcp.24975. [Epub ahead of print]).

Furthermore, SMYD3 function has also been shown to play a role in immunology and development. For instance, de Almeida reported that SMYD3 plays a role in generation of inducible regulatory T cells (iTreg) cells. In a mouse model of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, a model in which iTreg cells have a critical role in regulating lung pathogenesis, SMYD3−/− mice demonstrated exacerbation of RSV-induced disease related to enhanced proinflammatory responses and worsened pathogenesis within the lung (de Almeida et al. Mucosal Immunol. 2015 Feb. 11. doi: 10.1038/mi.2015.4. [Epub ahead of print]). In addition, as to development, Proserpio et al. have shown the importance of SMYD3 in the regulation of skeletal muscle atrophy (Proserpio et al. Genes Dev. 2013 Jun. 1; 27(11):1299-312), while Fujii et al. have elucidated the role of SMYD3 in cardiac and skeletal muscle development (Fujii et al. PLoS One. 2011; 6(8): e23491).

SMYD2 (SET and MYND domain-containing protein 2) was first characterized as protein that is a member of a sub-family of SET domain containing proteins which catalyze the site-specific transfer of methyl groups onto substrate proteins. SMYD2 was initially shown to have methyltransferase activity towards lysine 36 on histone H3 (H3K36) but has subsequently been shown to have both histone and non-histone methyltrasferase activity.

SMYD2 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple cancers. It has been shown to be over-expressed, compared to matched normal samples, in tumors of the breast, cervix, colon, kidney, liver, head and neck, skin, pancreas, ovary, esophagus and prostate, as well as hematologic malignancies such as AML, B- and T-ALL, CLL and MCL, suggesting a role for SMYD2 in the biology of these cancers. More specifically, studies using genetic knock-down of SMYD2 have demonstrated anti-proliferative effects in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), bladder carcinoma and cervical carcinoma cell lines. (See e.g., Komatsu et al., Carcinogenesis 2009, 30, 1139, and Cho et al., Neoplasia. 2012 June; 14(6):476-86). Moreover, high expression of SMYD2 has been shown to be a poor prognostic factor in both ESCC and pediatric ALL. (See e.g., Komatsu et al. Br J Cancer. 2015 Jan. 20; 112(2):357-64, and Sakamoto et al., Leuk Res. 2014 April; 38(4):496-502). Recently, Nguyen et al., have shown that a small molecule inhibitor of SMYD2 (LLY-507) inhibited the proliferation of several esophageal, liver and breast cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. (Nguyen et al. J Biol Chem. 2015 Mar. 30. pii: jbc.M114.626861. [Epub ahead of print]).

SMYD2 has also been implicated in immunology. For instance, Xu et al. have shown that SMYD2 is a negative regulator of macrophage activation by suppressing Interleukin-6 and TNF-alpha production. (Xu et al., J Biol Chem. 2015 Feb. 27; 290(9):5414-23).

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of treating cancer in a patient comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure. While not being limited to a specific mechanism, in some embodiments, Compounds of the Disclosure can treat cancer by inhibiting SMYD proteins, such as SMYD3 and SMYD2. Examples of treatable cancers include, but are not limited to, adrenal cancer, acinic cell carcinoma, acoustic neuroma, acral lentigious melanoma, acrospiroma, acute eosinophilic leukemia, acute erythroid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, acute monocytic leukemia, acute promyelocytic leukemia, adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, adenoma, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, adenosquamous carcinoma, adipose tissue neoplasm, adrenocortical carcinoma, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, aggressive NK-cell leukemia, AIDS-related lymphoma, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, alveolar soft part sarcoma, ameloblastic fibroma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma, anaplastic thyroid cancer, angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, angiomyolipoma, angiosarcoma, astrocytoma, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor, B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, B-cell lymphoma, basal cell carcinoma, biliary tract cancer, bladder cancer, blastoma, bone cancer, Brenner tumor, Brown tumor, Burkitt's lymphoma, breast cancer, brain cancer, carcinoma, carcinoma in situ, carcinosarcoma, cartilage tumor, cementoma, myeloid sarcoma, chondroma, chordoma, choriocarcinoma, choroid plexus papilloma, clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney, craniopharyngioma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, Degos disease, desmoplastic small round cell tumor, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, dysgerminoma, embryonal carcinoma, endocrine gland neoplasm, endodermal sinus tumor, enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma, esophageal cancer, fetus in fetu, fibroma, fibrosarcoma, follicular lymphoma, follicular thyroid cancer, ganglioneuroma, gastrointestinal cancer, germ cell tumor, gestational choriocarcinoma, giant cell fibroblastoma, giant cell tumor of the bone, glial tumor, glioblastoma multiforme, glioma, gliomatosis cerebri, glucagonoma, gonadoblastoma, granulosa cell tumor, gynandroblastoma, gallbladder cancer, gastric cancer, hairy cell leukemia, hemangioblastoma, head and neck cancer, hemangiopericytoma, hematological malignancy, hepatoblastoma, hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, invasive lobular carcinoma, intestinal cancer, kidney cancer, laryngeal cancer, lentigo maligna, lethal midline carcinoma, leukemia, leydig cell tumor, liposarcoma, lung cancer, lymphangioma, lymphangiosarcoma, lymphoepithelioma, lymphoma, acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myelogeous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, liver cancer, small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, MALT lymphoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, malignant triton tumor, mantle cell lymphoma, marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, mast cell leukemia, mediastinal germ cell tumor, medullary carcinoma of the breast, medullary thyroid cancer, medulloblastoma, melanoma, meningioma, merkel cell cancer, mesothelioma, metastatic urothelial carcinoma, mixed Mullerian tumor, mucinous tumor, multiple myeloma, muscle tissue neoplasm, mycosis fungoides, myxoid liposarcoma, myxoma, myxosarcoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, neurinoma, neuroblastoma, neurofibroma, neuroma, nodular melanoma, ocular cancer, oligoastrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, oncocytoma, optic nerve sheath meningioma, optic nerve tumor, oral cancer, osteosarcoma, ovarian cancer, Pancoast tumor, papillary thyroid cancer, paraganglioma, pinealoblastoma, pineocytoma, pituicytoma, pituitary adenoma, pituitary tumor, plasmacytoma, polyembryoma, precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma, primary central nervous system lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma, preimary peritoneal cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, pharyngeal cancer, pseudomyxoma periotonei, renal cell carcinoma, renal medullary carcinoma, retinoblastoma, rhabdomyoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Richter's transformation, rectal cancer, sarcoma, Schwannomatosis, seminoma, Sertoli cell tumor, sex cord-gonadal stromal tumor, signet ring cell carcinoma, skin cancer, small blue round cell tumors, small cell carcinoma, soft tissue sarcoma, somatostatinoma, soot wart, spinal tumor, splenic marginal zone lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma, synovial sarcoma, Sezary's disease, small intestine cancer, squamous carcinoma, stomach cancer, T-cell lymphoma, testicular cancer, thecoma, thyroid cancer, transitional cell carcinoma, throat cancer, urachal cancer, urogenital cancer, urothelial carcinoma, uveal melanoma, uterine cancer, verrucous carcinoma, visual pathway glioma, vulvar cancer, vaginal cancer, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, Warthin's tumor, and Wilms' tumor.

In another embodiment, the cancer is breast, cervix, colon, kidney, liver, head and neck, skin, pancreas, ovary, esophagus, or prostate cancer.

In another embodiment, the cancer is a hematologic malignancy such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), B- and T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), or mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).

In another embodiment, the cancer is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), bladder carcinoma, or cervical carcinoma.

In another embodiment, the cancer is a leukemia, for example a leukemia selected from acute monocytic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and mixed lineage leukemia (MLL). In another embodiment the cancer is NUT-midline carcinoma. In another embodiment the cancer is multiple myeloma. In another embodiment the cancer is a lung cancer such as small cell lung cancer (SCLC). In another embodiment the cancer is a neuroblastoma. In another embodiment the cancer is Burkitt's lymphoma. In another embodiment the cancer is cervical cancer. In another embodiment the cancer is esophageal cancer. In another embodiment the cancer is ovarian cancer. In another embodiment the cancer is colorectal cancer. In another embodiment, the cancer is prostate cancer. In another embodiment, the cancer is breast cancer.

In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a therapeutic method of modulating protein methylation, gene expression, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and/or apoptosis in vivo in the cancers mentioned above by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a Compound of the Disclosure to a subject in need of such therapy.

Compounds of the Disclosure can be administered to a mammal in the form of a raw chemical without any other components present. Compounds of the Disclosure can also be administered to a mammal as part of a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound combined with a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Such a carrier can be selected from pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and auxiliaries. The term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” or “pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle” encompasses any of the standard pharmaceutical carriers, solvents, surfactants, or vehicles. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable vehicles include aqueous vehicles and nonaqueous vehicles. Standard pharmaceutical carriers and their formulations are described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa., 19th ed. 1995.

Pharmaceutical compositions within the scope of the present disclosure include all compositions where a Compound of the Disclosure is combined with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. In one embodiment, the Compound of the Disclosure is present in the composition in an amount that is effective to achieve its intended therapeutic purpose. While individual needs may vary, a determination of optimal ranges of effective amounts of each compound is within the skill of the art. Typically, a Compound of the Disclosure can be administered to a mammal, e.g., a human, orally at a dose of from about 0.0025 to about 1500 mg per kg body weight of the mammal, or an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, per day to treat the particular disorder. A useful oral dose of a Compound of the Disclosure administered to a mammal is from about 0.0025 to about 50 mg per kg body weight of the mammal, or an equivalent amount of the pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof. For intramuscular injection, the dose is typically about one-half of the oral dose.

A unit oral dose may comprise from about 0.01 mg to about 1 g of the Compound of the Disclosure, e.g., about 0.01 mg to about 500 mg, about 0.01 mg to about 250 mg, about 0.01 mg to about 100 mg, 0.01 mg to about 50 mg, e.g., about 0.1 mg to about 10 mg, of the compound. The unit dose can be administered one or more times daily, e.g., as one or more tablets or capsules, each containing from about 0.01 mg to about 1 g of the compound, or an equivalent amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

A pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure can be administered to any patient that may experience the beneficial effects of a Compound of the Disclosure. Foremost among such patients are mammals, e.g., humans and companion animals, although the disclosure is not intended to be so limited. In one embodiment, the patient is a human.

A pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure can be administered by any means that achieves its intended purpose. For example, administration can be by the oral, parenteral, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, transdermal, intranasal, transmucosal, rectal, intravaginal or buccal route, or by inhalation. The dosage administered and route of administration will vary, depending upon the circumstances of the particular subject, and taking into account such factors as age, gender, health, and weight of the recipient, condition or disorder to be treated, kind of concurrent treatment, if any, frequency of treatment, and the nature of the effect desired.

In one embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure can be administered orally. In another embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure can be administered orally and is formulated into tablets, dragees, capsules, or an oral liquid preparation. In one embodiment, the oral formulation comprises extruded multiparticulates comprising the Compound of the Disclosure.

Alternatively, a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure can be administered rectally, and is formulated in suppositories.

Alternatively, a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure can be administered by injection.

Alternatively, a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure can be administered transdermally.

Alternatively, a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure can be administered by inhalation or by intranasal or transmucosal administration.

Alternatively, a pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure can be administered by the intravaginal route.

A pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure can contain from about 0.01 to 99 percent by weight, e.g., from about 0.25 to 75 percent by weight, of a Compound of the Disclosure, e.g., about 1%, about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, or about 75% by weight of a Compound of the Disclosure.

A pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure is manufactured in a manner which itself will be known in view of the instant disclosure, for example, by means of conventional mixing, granulating, dragee-making, dissolving, extrusion, or lyophilizing processes. Thus, pharmaceutical compositions for oral use can be obtained by combining the active compound with solid excipients, optionally grinding the resulting mixture and processing the mixture of granules, after adding suitable auxiliaries, if desired or necessary, to obtain tablets or dragee cores.

Suitable excipients include fillers such as saccharides (for example, lactose, sucrose, mannitol or sorbitol), cellulose preparations, calcium phosphates (for example, tricalcium phosphate or calcium hydrogen phosphate), as well as binders such as starch paste (using, for example, maize starch, wheat starch, rice starch, or potato starch), gelatin, tragacanth, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and/or polyvinyl pyrrolidone. If desired, one or more disintegrating agents can be added, such as the above-mentioned starches and also carboxymethyl-starch, cross-linked polyvinyl pyrrolidone, agar, or alginic acid or a salt thereof, such as sodium alginate.

Auxiliaries are typically flow-regulating agents and lubricants such as, for example, silica, talc, stearic acid or salts thereof (e.g., magnesium stearate or calcium stearate), and polyethylene glycol. Dragee cores are provided with suitable coatings that are resistant to gastric juices. For this purpose, concentrated saccharide solutions can be used, which may optionally contain gum arabic, talc, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol and/or titanium dioxide, lacquer solutions and suitable organic solvents or solvent mixtures. In order to produce coatings resistant to gastric juices, solutions of suitable cellulose preparations such as acetylcellulose phthalate or hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose phthalate can be used. Dye stuffs or pigments can be added to the tablets or dragee coatings, for example, for identification or in order to characterize combinations of active compound doses.

Examples of other pharmaceutical preparations that can be used orally include push-fit capsules made of gelatin, or soft, sealed capsules made of gelatin and a plasticizer such as glycerol or sorbitol. The push-fit capsules can contain a compound in the form of granules, which can be mixed with fillers such as lactose, binders such as starches, and/or lubricants such as talc or magnesium stearate and, optionally, stabilizers, or in the form of extruded multiparticulates. In soft capsules, the active compounds are preferably dissolved or suspended in suitable liquids, such as fatty oils or liquid paraffin. In addition, stabilizers can be added.

Possible pharmaceutical preparations for rectal administration include, for example, suppositories, which consist of a combination of one or more active compounds with a suppository base. Suitable suppository bases include natural and synthetic triglycerides, and paraffin hydrocarbons, among others. It is also possible to use gelatin rectal capsules consisting of a combination of active compound with a base material such as, for example, a liquid triglyceride, polyethylene glycol, or paraffin hydrocarbon.

Suitable formulations for parenteral administration include aqueous solutions of the active compound in a water-soluble form such as, for example, a water-soluble salt, alkaline solution, or acidic solution. Alternatively, a suspension of the active compound can be prepared as an oily suspension. Suitable lipophilic solvents or vehicles for such as suspension may include fatty oils (for example, sesame oil), synthetic fatty acid esters (for example, ethyl oleate), triglycerides, or a polyethylene glycol such as polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-400). An aqueous suspension may contain one or more substances to increase the viscosity of the suspension, including, for example, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sorbitol, and/or dextran. The suspension may optionally contain stabilizers.

In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides kits which comprise a Compound of the Disclosure (or a composition comprising a Compound of the Disclosure) packaged in a manner that facilitates their use to practice methods of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, the kit includes a Compound of the Disclosure (or a composition comprising a Compound of the Disclosure) packaged in a container, such as a sealed bottle or vessel, with a label affixed to the container or included in the kit that describes use of the compound or composition to practice the method of the disclosure. In one embodiment, the compound or composition is packaged in a unit dosage form. The kit further can include a device suitable for administering the composition according to the intended route of administration.

General Synthesis of Compounds

Compounds of the Disclosure are prepared using methods known to those skilled in the art in view of this disclosure, or by the illustrative methods shown in the General Schemes below. In the General Schemes, R 1 , R 2a , R 2b , R 3b , R 3b , R 4a , R 5a , and Z of Formulae A-D are as defined in connection with Formula I, unless otherwise indicated. In any of the General Schemes, suitable protecting can be employed in the synthesis, for example, when Z is (amino)alkyl or any other group that may group that may require protection, or when R 8 is amino, (amino)alkyl, or any other group that may require protection. (See, Wuts, P. G. M.; Greene, T. W., “Greene's Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis”, 4th Ed., J. Wiley & Sons, N Y, 2007).

Compound A is converted to compound B (i.e, a compound having Formula I, wherein R 2b , R 3b , R 4b , R 5b , and R 6 are each hydrogen, and X is —S(═O) 2 —) by coupling with a suitable sulfonyl chloride (Z—SO 2 Cl) in the presence of a suitable base such as TEA or DIPEA in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane, acetonitrile, or DMF.

Compound A is converted to compound C (i.e, a compound having Formula I, wherein R 2b , R 3b , R 4b , R 5b , and R 6 are each hydrogen, and X is —C(═O)—) by coupling with a suitable acide chloride (Z—COCl) in the presence of a suitable base such as TEA or DIPEA in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane, acetonitrile, or DMF, or by coupling with a suitable carboxylic acid (Z—CO 2 H) in the presence of a suitable coupling reagent such as HATU and a suitable base such as TEA or DIPEA in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane, acetonitrile, or DMF.

Compound A is converted to compound D (i.e, a compound having Formula I, wherein R 2b , R 3b , R 4b , R 5b , and R 6 are each hydrogen, and X is —C(═O)C(R 8 )(H)—) by coupling with a suitable carboxylic acid (Z—C(H)R 8 —CO 2 H) in the presence of a suitable coupling reagent such as HATU and a suitable base such as TEA or DIPEA in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane, acetonitrile, or DMF.

General Synthetic Methods

General methods and experimental procedures for preparing and characterizing compounds of Tables 1-3 are set forth in the general schemes above and the examples below. Wherever needed, reactions were heated using conventional hotplate apparatus or heating mantle or microwave irradiation equipment. Reactions were conducted with or without stirring, under atmospheric or elevated pressure in either open or closed vessels. Reaction progress was monitored using conventional techniques such as TLC, HPLC, UPLC, or LCMS using instrumentation and methods described below. Reactions were quenched and crude compounds isolated using conventional methods as described in the specific examples provided. Solvent removal was carried out with or without heating, under atmospheric or reduced pressure, using either a rotary or centrifugal evaporator.

Compound purification was carried out as needed using a variety of traditional methods including, but not limited to, preparative chromatography under acidic, neutral, or basic conditions using either normal phase or reverse phase HPLC or flash columns or Prep-TLC plates. Compound purity and mass confirmations were conducted using standard HPLC and/or UPLC and/or MS spectrometers and/or LCMS and/or GC equipment (i.e., including, but not limited to the following instrumentation: Waters Alliance 2695 with 2996 PDA detector connected with ZQ detector and ESI source; Shimadzu LDMS-2020; Waters Acquity H Class with PDA detector connected with SQ detector and ESI source; Agilent 1100 Series with PDA detector; Waters Alliance 2695 with 2998 PDA detector; AB SCIEX API 2000 with ESI source; Agilent 7890 GC). Exemplified compounds were dissolved in either MeOH or MeCN to a concentration of approximately 1 mg/mL and analyzed by injection of 0.5-10 μL into an appropriate LCMS system using the methods provided in the following table. In each case the flow rate is 1 mL/min. LCMS data are presented in Tables 1A, 2A, and 3A.

Compound structure confirmations were carried out using standard 300 or 400 MHz NMR spectrometers with nOe's conducted whenever necessary.

The following abbreviations are used herein:

Synthesis of 5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxylic acid

Into a 10-L 3-necked round-bottom flask purged and maintained with an inert atmosphere of nitrogen Na (164 g, 1.20 equiv) was added in portions to ethanol (5 L). A solution of (CO 2 Et) 2 (869 g, 1.00 equiv) and 1-cyclopropylethan-1-one (500 g, 5.94 mol, 1.00 equiv) was added dropwise with stirring at 0-20° C. The resulting solution was stirred for 1 h at 20-30° C. and then for an additional 1 h at 80° C. The resulting solution was diluted with 15 L of H 2 O. The pH was adjusted to 2 with hydrochloric acid (12N). The resulting solution was extracted with ethyl acetate and the organic layers combined and washed with NaHCO 3 (sat. aq.). The extract was concentrated under vacuum yielding 820 g (crude) of ethyl 4-cyclopropyl-2,4-dioxobutanoate as yellow oil. TLC (ethyl acetate/petroleum ether=1/5): Rf=0.5.

Into a 10 L round-bottom flask, was placed a solution of ethyl 4-cyclopropyl-2,4-dioxobutanoate (177 g) in ethanol (1.1 L) and NH 2 OH—HCl (200 g). The resulting solution was stirred for 1 h at 20-30° C. The resulting solution was allowed to react, with stirring, for an additional 1 h at 80° C. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified on a silica gel column with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (1/10). This resulted in 143 g (the two step yield was 66.3%) of ethyl 5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxylate as a yellow oil. TLC (ethyl acetate/petroleum ether=1/5): Rf=0.2.

Into a 10-L round-bottom flask was placed ethyl 5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxylate (280 g, 1.55 mol, 1.00 equiv) and a solution of sodium hydroxide (74.3 g, 1.20 equiv) in water (4 L). The resulting solution was stirred for 1 h at room temperature. The resulting mixture was washed with ether. The pH value of the aqueous solution was adjusted to 2-3 with hydrochloric acid (12N). The resulting solution was extracted with ethyl acetate and the organic layers combined and concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 220 g (93%) of 5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxylic acid as an off-white solid. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.99 min, m/z=153.9 [M+H] + . 1 H-NMR (300 MHz CDCl 3 ): 8.42 (brs, 1H), 6.37 (s, 1H), 2.16-2.05 (m, 1H), 1.29-1.12 (m, 2H), 1.12-0.99 (m, 2H) ppm.

Synthesis of 5-cyclopropyl-N-((2S,4S)-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride and 5-cyclopropyl-N-((2S,4R)-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride

Into a 10-L round-bottom flask was placed methanol (5 L), HCOONH 4 (190 g, 3.01 mol, 37.80 equiv), acetic acid (5 g, 83.26 mmol, 1.04 equiv) and tert-butyl (2S)-2-methyl-4-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate (17 g, 79.71 mmol, 1.00 equiv). Then NaBH 3 CN (10 g, 159.13 mmol, 2.00 equiv) was added batchwise. The resulting solution was stirred at 25° C. overnight. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The resulting solution was diluted with 500 mL of ethyl acetate. The resulting solution was washed with 3×500 mL of brine (sat.). This resulted in 15.5 g (91%) of tert-butyl (2S)-4-amino-2-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate as off-white oil. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.21 min, m/z=215.1 [M+H] + .

Step 2: Synthesis of (2S)-tert-butyl 4-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)-2-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate

Into a 1 L round-bottom flask purged and maintained with an inert atmosphere of nitrogen was placed dichloromethane (500 mL), HOBT (15 g, 111.01 mmol, 1.53 equiv), EDCI (20 g, 104.33 mmol, 1.44 equiv), 5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylic acid (13.3 g, 86.85 mmol, 1.20 equiv) and tert-butyl (2S)-4-amino-2-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate (15.5 g, 72.33 mmol, 1.00 equiv). Then triethylamine (36 g, 355.77 mmol, 4.92 equiv) was added dropwise. The resulting solution was stirred for 2 hours at 25° C. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The resulting solution was diluted with 500 mL of ethyl acetate. The resulting mixture was washed with 3×500 mL of water. The residue was purified on a silica gel column with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (1:10). This resulted in 14 g (55%) of tert-butyl (2S)-4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)-2-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate as light yellow oil. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=2.05 min, m/z=350.2 [M+H] + .

Step 3: Synthesis of tert-butyl (2S,4S)-4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)-2-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate and tert-butyl (2S,4R)-4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)-2-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate

The crude product was purified by Chrial-HPLC with the following conditions: Column name: CHIRALPAK AD-H, 4.6*150 mm, 5 um, Co-Solvent: EtOH (0.1% DEA), % Co-Solvent: Hexane, 25.000, Detector: 220 nm. The resulting solution was concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 9.8 g (70%) of tert-butyl (2S,4S)-4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)-2-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate as white solid. 1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO): δ 8.54-8.52 (m, 1H), 6.47 (s, 1H), 3.94-3.87 (m, 2H), 3.57-3.53 (m, 1H), 3.32-3.26 (m, 1H), 2.20-2.16 (m, 1H), 1.80-1.63 (m, 4H), 1.39 (s, 9H), 1.16-1.15 (m, 3H), 1.10-1.06 (m, 2H), 0.93-0.89 (m, 2H) ppm. And 3.3 g (24%) of tert-butyl (2S,4R)-4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)-2-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate as a light yellow solid. 1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO): δ 8.54-8.52 (m, 1H), 6.46 (s, 1H), 4.54-4.30 (m, 1H), 4.28-4.04 (m, 1H), 4.00-3.68 (m, 1H), 3.10-2.70 (m, 1H), 2.19-2.15 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.73 (m, 1H), 1.63-1.59 (m, 2H), 1.39-1.35 (m, 10H), 1.13-1.08 (m, 5H), 1.00-0.82 (m, 2H) ppm.

Step 4: Synthesis of 5-cyclopropyl-N-((2S,4S)-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride and 5-cyclopropyl-N-((2S,4R)-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride

Into a 250-mL round-bottom flask was placed dichloromethane (100 mL), tert-butyl (2S,4S)-4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)-2-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate (9.8 g, 28.05 mmol, 1.00 equiv). To the above hydrogen chloride was introduced. The resulting solution was stirred for 2 hours at 25° C. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 8.6 g of 5-cyclopropyl-N-[(2S,4S)-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl]-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride as a white solid. 1 HNMR (400 MHz, MeOD): δ 6.40 (s, 1H), 4.24-4.10 (m, 1H), 3.55-3.45 (m, 1H), 3.40-3.35 (m, 1H), 3.19-3.15 (m, 1H), 2.24-2.15 (m, 3H), 1.82-1.77 (m, 1H), 1.63-1.60 (m, 1H), 1.93-1.37 (m, 3H), 1.21-1.13 (m, 2H), 1.00-0.96 (m, 2H) ppm. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.13 min, m/z=250.1 [M−HCl+H] + .

Into a 100-mL round-bottom flask was placed dichloromethane (50 mL), tert-butyl (2S,4R)-4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)-2-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate (3.3 g, 9.44 mmol, 1.00 equiv). To the above hydrogen chloride was introduced. The resulting solution was stirred for 2 h at room temperature. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 3 g (crude) of 5-cyclopropyl-N-[(2S,4R)-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl]-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride as a light yellow solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD): δ6.41 (s, 1H), 4.36-4.34 (m, 1H), 3.62-3.59 (m, 1H), 3.40-3.35 (m, 2H), 2.21-2.03 (m, 4H), 1.90-1.82 (m, 1H), 1.39-1.37 (m, 3H), 1.18-1.14 (m, 2H), 1.00-0.96 (m, 2H) ppm. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.03 min, m/z=250.1 [M−HCl+H] + .

Synthesis of 5-cyclopropyl-N-((2R,4R)-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride and 5-cyclopropyl-N-((2R,4S)-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride

Into a 5000-mL round-bottom flask was placed tert-butyl (2R)-2-methyl-4-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate (8.53 g, 40.00 mmol, 1.00 equiv), HCOONH 4 (100.8 g, 1.60 mol, 39.97 equiv), methanol (4 L) and acetic acid (2.4 g, 39.97 mmol, 1.00 equiv). Then NaBH 3 CN (5.04 g, 80.00 mmol, 2.00 equiv) was added batchwise. The resulting solution was stirred for 15 h at room temperature. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The resulting solution was diluted with 200 mL of brine (sat.). The resulting solution was extracted with 3×100 mL of ethyl acetate and the organic layers combined. The resulting mixture was washed with 3×100 mL of brine and concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 10.5 g (98%) of tert-butyl (2R)-4-amino-2-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate as a white solid. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.06 min, m/z=159.0 [M−56+H] + . \

Step 2: Synthesis of (2R,4R)-tert-butyl 4-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)-2-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate and (2R,4S)-tert-butyl 4-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)-2-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate

Into a 500-mL round-bottom flask was placed 5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylic acid (6.12 g, 39.96 mmol, 1.00 equiv), tert-butyl (2R)-4-amino-2-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate (8.57 g, 39.99 mmol, 1.00 equiv), dichloromethane (300 g), TEA (12.12 g, 120.00 mmol, 3.00 equiv) and HATU (22.8 g, 60.00 mmol, 1.50 equiv). The resulting solution was stirred for 15 h at room temperature. The resulting mixture was then washed with 2×100 mL of Na 2 CO 3 (1M, aq.). Then the organic phase was dried over Na 2 SO 4 and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography (C18 gel, CH 3 CN/H 2 O=1:1) to give 10.8 g diastereomeric tert-butyl 4-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)-2-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate. Then the purified product was separated by Prep-SFC with the following conditions (prep SFC 350): Column, CHIRALPAK AD-H SFC, 5×25 cm, 5 um; mobile phase, CO 2 (50%), methanol (50%); Detector, uv 220 nm. This was resulted in 7.48 g (54%) of tert-butyl (2R,4R)-4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)-2-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate as light yellow oil. 1 H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ): 6.86 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 6.33 (s, 1H), 4.30-4.15 (m, 2H), 3.93-3.80 (m, 1H), 3.22-3.07 (m, 1H), 2.20-1.90 (m, 3H), 1.79-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.46 (s, 9H), 1.26 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 3H), 1.17-1.06 (m, 2H), 1.06-0.94 (m, 2H) ppm. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.46 min, m/z=372.2 [M+H] + . And 2.52 g (18%) of tert-butyl (2R,4S)-4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)-2-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate as a light yellow solid. 1 H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 6.55 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.33 (s, 1H), 4.63-4.39 (m, 1H), 4.39-4.15 (m, 1H), 4.15-3.95 (m, 1H), 3.0-2.85 (m, 1H), 2.15-1.98 (m, 2H), 1.92-1.78 (m, 1H), 1.65-1.50 (m, 1H), 1.46 (s, 9H), 1.42-1.26 (m, 1H), 1.23 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 3H), 1.17-1.06 (m, 2H), 1.06-0.94 (m, 2H) ppm. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.46 min, m/z=372.2 [M+H] + .

Step 3: Synthesis of 5-cyclopropyl-N-((2R,4R)-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride

Into a 250-mL round-bottom flask was placed tert-butyl (2R,4R)-4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)-2-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate (7.48 g, 21.41 mmol, 1.00 equiv) and 1,4-dioxane (50 mL). Then hydrogen chloride was introduced into mixture. The resulting solution was stirred for 15 h at room temperature. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 6.03 g (99%) of 5-cyclopropyl-N-[(2R,4R)-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl]-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride as a white solid. LCMS (method D, ESI): RT=0.58 min, m/z=250.0 [M+H] + .

Step 4: Synthesis of 5-cyclopropyl-N-((2R,4S)-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride

Into a 100-mL round-bottom flask was placed tert-butyl (2R,4S)-4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)-2-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate (2.52 g, 7.21 mmol, 1.00 equiv) and 1,4-dioxane (15 mL). Then hydrogen chloride was introduced into mixture. The resulting solution was stirred for 15 h at room temperature. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 2.0 g (97%) of 5-cyclopropyl-N-[(2R,4S)-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl]-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride as a light yellow solid. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.12 min, m/z=250.0 [M+H] + .

Synthesis of N-((2S,4S)-2-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride salt

Into a 5-L round-bottom flask purged and maintained with an inert atmosphere of nitrogen was placed tert-butyl 2-benzyl-4-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate (5 g, 17.28 mmol, 1.00 equiv), methanol (4 L), acetic acid (2.076 g, 34.57 mmol, 2.00 equiv) and HCOONH 4 (43.599 g). The resulting solution was stirred for 0.5 h at room temperature. Then NaBH 3 CN (2.180 g, 34.69 mmol, 2.01 equiv) was added by batchwise. The resulting solution was stirred overnight at room temperature. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The resulting solution was diluted with 200 mL of EA. The resulting mixture was washed with 4×100 mL of brine (sat.). The organic phase was collected and concentrated under vacuum. The solid was dried in an oven under reduced pressure. This resulted in 5 g (100%) of tert-butyl 4-amino-2-benzylpiperidine-1-carboxylate as light yellow oil. LCMS (method C, ESI): RT=0.89 min, m/z=235.0 [M−56+H] + .

Step 2: Synthesis of (2R,4R)-tert-butyl 2-benzyl-4-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)piperidine-1-carboxylate

(2S,4S)-tert-butyl 2-benzyl-4-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)piperidine-1-carboxylate

(2S,4R)-tert-butyl 2-benzyl-4-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)piperidine-1-carboxylate

and

(2R,4S)-tert-butyl 2-benzyl-4-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)piperidine-1-carboxylate

Into a 250-mL round-bottom flask purged and maintained with an inert atmosphere of nitrogen was placed tert-butyl 4-amino-2-benzylpiperidine-1-carboxylate (5 g, 17.22 mmol, 1.00 equiv), dichloromethane (100 mL), TEA (8.707 g, 86.05 mmol, 5.00 equiv), 5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylic acid (3.957 g, 25.84 mmol, 1.50 equiv), HATU (19.655 g, 51.69 mmol, 3.00 equiv). The resulting solution was stirred overnight at room temperature. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The resulting solution was diluted with 200 mL of EA. The resulting mixture was washed with 3×200 mL of brine (sat.). The organic phase was collected and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was applied onto a silica gel column with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (1:10). The collected fractions were combined and concentrated under vacuum. The crude product 2.9 g was purified by Prep-SFC with the following conditions (prep SFC 350-2): Column, Chiralpak AD-H, 5×25 cm, Sum; mobile phase, CO 2 (70%), IPA (30%) and DCM/MeOH=1/3:100; Detector, uv 210 nm yielding two fractions: first peak—cis enantiomers 1.7 g, second peak trans enantiomers 0.6 g.

These products were further purified by SFC. The cis mixtures were purified by Prep-SFC with the following conditions (prep SFC 350-2): Column, Chiralpak AS-H, 5*25 cm, Sum; mobile phase, CO 2 (70%), IPA (30%) and MeOH (50%); Detector, uv 210 nm. This resulted in 820 mg of (2R,4R)-tert-butyl 2-benzyl-4-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)piperidine-1-carboxylate as yellow oil and 870 mg of (2S,4S)-tert-butyl 2-benzyl-4-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)piperidine-1-carboxylate as yellow oil. (2R,4R)-tert-butyl 2-benzyl-4-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)piperidine-1-carboxylate: 1 H-NMR (300 MHz, CD 3 Cl) δ: 7.26-7.17 (m, 5H), 6.88 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 6.32 (d, J=0.6 Hz, 1H), 4.38-4.28 (m, 1H), 4.27-4.16 (m, 1H), 4.09-3.98 (m, 1H), 3.18-2.99 (m, 2H), 2.82-2.75 (m, 1H), 2.12-1.98 (m, 2H), 1.91-1.66 (m, 3H), 1.37 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 9H), 1.18-1.09 (m, 2H), 1.02-0.92 (m, 2H) ppm. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.59 min, m/z=326.0 [M-Boc+H] + . (2S,4S)-tert-butyl 2-benzyl-4-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)piperidine-1-carboxylate: 1 H-NMR (300 MHz, CD 3 Cl) δ: 7.26-7.17 (m, 5H), 6.88 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 6.32 (d, J=0.6 Hz, 1H), 4.38-4.28 (m, 1H), 4.27-4.16 (m, 1H), 4.09-3.98 (m, 1H), 3.18-2.99 (m, 2H), 2.82-2.75 (m, 1H), 2.12-1.98 (m, 2H), 1.91-1.66 (m, 3H), 1.37 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 9H), 1.18-1.09 (m, 2H), 1.02-0.92 (m, 2H) ppm. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.59 min, m/z=326.0 [M-Boc+H] + .

The trans mixture was purified by Prep-SFC with the following conditions (prep SFC 350): Column, Phenomenex Lux 5u Cellulose-4250*50 mm00G-4491-V0-AX664184-1; mobile phase, CO 2 (50%) and MeOH (50%), Detector, uv 220 nm. This resulted in 250 mg of (2S,4R)-tert-butyl 2-benzyl-4-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)piperidine-1-carboxylate as yellow oil and 260 mg of (2R,4S)-tert-butyl 2-benzyl-4-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)piperidine-1-carboxylate as yellow oil. (2S,4R)-tert-butyl 2-benzyl-4-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)piperidine-1-carboxylate: 1 H-NMR (300 MHz, CD 3 Cl) δ: 7.26-7.17 (m, 5H), 6.88 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 6.32 (s, 1H), 4.81-3.91 (m, 3H), 3.08 (t, J=13.5 Hz, 1H), 2.96-2.81 (m, 2H), 2.11-2.02 (m, 2H), 1.95 (d, J=10.5 Hz, 1H), 1.52-1.22 (m, 11H), 1.15-1.05 (m, 2H), 1.02-0.92 (m, 2H) ppm. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.58 min, m/z=448.0 [M+Na] + . (2R,4S)-tert-butyl 2-benzyl-4-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)piperidine-1-carboxylate: 1 H-NMR (300 MHz, CD 3 Cl) δ: 7.26-7.17 (m, 5H), 6.88 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 6.32 (s, 1H), 4.81-3.91 (m, 3H), 3.08 (t, J=13.5 Hz, 1H), 2.96-2.81 (m, 2H), 2.11-2.02 (m, 2H), 1.95 (d, J=10.5 Hz, 1H), 1.52-1.22 (m, 11H), 1.15-1.05 (m, 2H), 1.02-0.92 (m, 2H) ppm. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.58 min, m/z=448.0 [M+Na] + .

Step 3: Synthesis of N-((2R,4R)-2-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride

N-((2S,4S)-2-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride

N-((2S,4R)-2-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride

and

N-((2R,4S)-2-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride

Into a 250-mL round-bottom flask purged and maintained with an inert atmosphere of nitrogen was placed tert-butyl (2R,4R)-2-benzyl-4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)piperidine-1-carboxylate (820 mg, 1.93 mmol, 1.00 equiv) and 1,4-dioxane (20 mL). Then hydrogen chloride was introduced into mixture. The resulting solution was stirred overnight at room temperature. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 670 mg (96%) of N-[(2R,4R)-2-benzylpiperidin-4-yl]-5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride as a white solid. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.11 min, m/z=326.0 [M+H] + .

Into a 250-mL round-bottom flask purged and maintained with an inert atmosphere of nitrogen was placed tert-butyl (2S,4S)-2-benzyl-4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)piperidine-1-carboxylate (870 mg, 2.05 mmol, 1.00 equiv) and 1,4-dioxane (20 mL). Then hydrogen chloride was introduced into mixture. The resulting solution was stirred overnight at room temperature. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 710 mg (96%) of N-[(2S,4S)-2-benzylpiperidin-4-yl]-5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride as a white solid. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.10 min, m/z=326.0 [M+H] + .

Into a 250-mL round-bottom flask purged and maintained with an inert atmosphere of nitrogen was placed tert-butyl (2S,4R)-2-benzyl-4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)piperidine-1-carboxylate (250 mg, 0.59 mmol, 1.00 equiv) and 1,4-dioxane (10 mL). Then hydrogen chloride was introduced into mixture. The resulting solution was stirred overnight at room temperature. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 190 mg (91%) of N-[(2S,4R)-2-benzylpiperidin-4-yl]-5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride as a white solid. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.11 min, m/z=326.0 [M+H] + .

Into a 250-mL round-bottom flask purged and maintained with an inert atmosphere of nitrogen was placed tert-butyl (2R,4S)-2-benzyl-4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)piperidine-1-carboxylate (260 mg, 0.61 mmol, 1.00 equiv) and 1,4-dioxane (10 mL). Then hydrogen chloride was introduced into mixture. The resulting solution was stirred overnight at room temperature. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 200 mg (91%) of N-[(2R,4S)-2-benzylpiperidin-4-yl]-5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride as a white solid. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.11 min, m/z=326.0 [M+H] + .

Synthesis of N-((1R,3s,5S)-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide

and

N-((1R,3r,5S)-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide

Into a 2000-mL round-bottom flask purged and maintained with an inert atmosphere of nitrogen was placed a solution of (1R,5S)-tert-butyl 3-oxo-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-9-carboxylate (25 g, 104.03 mmol, 1.00 equiv) in ethanol (500 mL) at room temperature. This was followed by the addition of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (14.5 g, 208.66 mmol, 2.01 equiv) at room temperature. To this was added a solution of sodium hydroxide (8.4 g, 210.00 mmol, 2.02 equiv) in water (250 mL) by dropwise with stirring at room temperature. The resulting solution was stirred for 8 h at 95° C. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The resulting solution was diluted with 250 mL of H 2 O. The resulting solution was extracted with 3×250 mL of dichloromethane and the organic layers combined. The resulting solution was concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 26 g (98%) of (1R,5S,E)-tert-butyl 3-(hydroxyimino)-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-9-carboxylate as a white solid. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ: 10.40 (s, 1H), 4.29 (s, 2H), 3.04 (d, 1H), 2.44-2.27 (m, 2H), 1.99 (d, 1H), 1.79-1.58 (m, 5H), 1.49-1.45 (m, 1H), 1.41 (s, 9H) ppm. LCMS (Method D, ESI): RT=1.76 min, m/z=240.0 [M−15+H] + .

Step 2: Synthesis of (1R,3s,5S)-tert-butyl 3-amino-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-9-carboxylate and (1R,3r,5S)-tert-butyl 3-amino-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-9-carboxylate

Into a 5000-mL round-bottom flask was placed a solution of (1R,5S,E)-tert-butyl 3-(hydroxyimino)-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-9-carboxylate (26 g, 101.83 mmol, 1.00 equiv) in methanol (4500 mL) at room temperature. This was followed by the addition of Raney-Ni (13 g) at room temperature. The flask was evacuated and flushed three times with nitrogen, then followed by flushing with hydrogen. The mixture was stirred 7 h at room temperature under an atmosphere of hydrogen (maintained with 2 atm pressure). The solids were filtered out. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 21.2 g (86%) of (1R,3s,5S)-tert-butyl 3-amino-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-9-carboxylate and (1R,3r,5S)-tert-butyl 3-amino-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-9-carboxylate as a white solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ: 4.55-4.21 (m, 2H), 3.66-3.58 (m, 0.27H), 2.73-2.62 (m, 0.73H), 2.31-2.18 (m, 1H), 2.01-1.89 (m, 1H), 1.89-1.75 (m, 3H), 1.70-1.52 (m, 3H), 1.52-1.49 (m, 1H), 1.46 (s, 9H), 1.45-1.35 (m, 1.5H), 1.21-1.09 (m, 1.5H) ppm. LCMS (Method D, ESI): RT=1.28 min, m/z=282.0 [M+H+CH 3 CN] + .

Step 3: Synthesis of (1R,3s,5S)-tert-butyl 3-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-9-carboxylate and (1R,3r,5S)-tert-butyl 3-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-9-carboxylate

Into a 1000-mL round-bottom flask was placed (1R,3s,5S)-tert-butyl 3-amino-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-9-carboxylate and (1R,3r,5S)-tert-butyl 3-amino-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-9-carboxylate (20.5 g, 84.94 mmol, 1.00 equiv), dichloromethane (410 mL), 5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylic acid (19.6 g, 127.99 mmol, 1.51 equiv), EDCI (32.6 g, 170.06 mmol, 2.00 equiv), HOBT (17.3 g, 128.03 mmol, 1.51 equiv), TEA (43.1 g, 425.93 mmol, 5.01 equiv). The resulting solution was stirred for 3 h at room temperature. The resulting solution was diluted with 400 mL of DCM. The resulting mixture was washed with 2×400 mL of H 2 O. The residue was purified on a silica gel column with dichloromethane/methanol (20:1). This resulted in 30.3 g (95%) of (1R,3s,5S)-tert-butyl 3-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-9-carboxylate and (1R,3r,5S)-tert-butyl 3-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-9-carboxylate as a white solid. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CD 3 OD) δ: 6.40 (d, 1H), 5.01-4.90 (m, 0.33H), 4.55-4.29 (m, 2H), 3.92-3.78 (m, 0.67H), 2.37-2.21 (m, 1.4H), 2.21-1.99 (m, 2.6H), 1.95-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.68-1.54 (m, 5H), 1.50 (s, 9H), 1.20-1.10 (m, 2H), 1.01-0.91 (m, 2H) ppm. LCMS (Method D, ESI): RT=2.22 min, m/z=361.0 [M−15+H] + .

Step 4: Synthesis of (1R,3s,5S)-tert-butyl 3-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-9-carboxylate and (1R,3r,5S)-tert-butyl 3-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-9-carboxylate

The mixture of diastereomers (30 g) was purified by prep-SFC with the following conditions: Column: Phenomenex Lux 5u Cellulose-35*25 cm, 5 um Chiral-P(Lux-3)001608862-1; Detector: UV 220 nm; Mobile Phase: CO 2 (70%), MeOH (30%). The resulting solution was concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 20.6 g (95%) of (1R,3r,5S)-tert-butyl 3-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-9-carboxylate as a white solid. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CD 3 OD) δ: 6.35 (s, 1H), 4.47 (d, 2H), 3.90-3.75 (m, 1H), 2.35-2.23 (m, 2H), 2.21-2.02 (m, 2H), 1.69-1.52 (m, 7H), 1.50 (s, 9H), 1.18-1.10 (m, 2H), 0.98-0.90 (m, 2H) ppm. LCMS (Method D, ESI): RT=2.20 min, m/z=320.0 [M−56+H] + . And 8.0 g (86%) of (1R,3s,5S)-tert-butyl 3-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-9-carboxylate as a white solid. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CD 3 OD) δ: 6.36 (s, 1H), 5.02-4.91 (m, 1H), 4.34 (s, 2H), 2.22-2.10 (m, 1H), 2.09-1.97 (m, 3H), 1.93-1.64 (m, 7H), 1.48 (s, 9H), 1.18-1.10 (m, 2H), 0.98-0.90 (m, 2H) ppm. LCMS (Method D, ESI): RT=2.19 min, m/z=320.0 [M−56+H] + .

Step 5: Synthesis of N-((1R,3r,5S)-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide

Into a 250-mL round-bottom flask was placed (1R,3r,5S)-tert-butyl 3-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-9-carboxylate (20.6 g, 54.72 mmol, 1.00 equiv) and dichloromethane (150 mL). To the above hydrogen chloride was introduced. The resulting solution was stirred for 2 h at room temperature. The resulting solution was diluted with 400 mL of H 2 O. The pH value of the solution was adjusted to 9 with potassium carbonate. The resulting solution was extracted with 3×250 mL of dichloromethane and the organic layers combined and concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 14.2 g (94%) of N-((1R,3r,5S)-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide as a white solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CD 3 OD) δ: 6.38 (s, 1H), 4.29-4.20 (m, 1H), 3.36 (d, 2H), 2.28-2.11 (m, 3H), 2.10-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.79-1.69 (m, 2H), 1.58-1.37 (m, 5H), 1.19-1.11 (m, 2H), 0.98-0.92 (m, 2H) ppm. LCMS (Method D, ESI): RT=1.23 min, m/z=317.0 [M+H+CH 3 CN] + .

Step 6: Synthesis of N-((1R,3s,5S)-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide

Into a 250-mL round-bottom flask was placed (1R,3s,5S)-tert-butyl 3-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-9-carboxylate (8.0 g, 21.25 mmol, 1.00 equiv), dichloromethane (100 mL). To the above hydrogen chloride was introduced. The resulting solution was stirred for 2 h at room temperature. The resulting solution was diluted with 300 mL of H 2 O. The pH value of the solution was adjusted to 9 with potassium carbonate. The resulting solution was extracted with 3×100 mL of dichloromethane and the organic layers combined and concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 5.5 g (94%) of N-((1R,3s,5S)-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide as a white solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CD 3 OD) δ: 6.38 (s, 1H), 4.89-4.80 (m, 1H), 3.22 (s, 2H), 2.21-2.13 (m, 1H), 2.09-1.88 (m, 5H), 1.85-1.70 (m, 5H), 1.19-1.11 (m, 2H), 0.98-0.92 (m, 2H) ppm. LCMS (Method D, ESI): RT=1.20 min, m/z=276.0 [M+H] + .

Synthesis of N-((1R,3r,5S)-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride

and

N-((1R,3s,5S)-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride

Into a 2000-mL 3-necked round-bottom flask was placed HCOONH 4 (42 g, 666.03 mmol, 30.00 equiv), acetic acid (1.3 g, 21.65 mmol, 1.00 equiv) and methanol (1.5 L). Then NaBH 3 CN (2.8 g, 44.56 mmol, 2.00 equiv) was added into batch wise. This was followed by the addition of a solution of tert-butyl 3-oxo-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate (5 g, 22.19 mmol, 1.00 equiv) in methanol (100 mL) dropwise with stirring at 25° C. The resulting solution was stirred for 12 h at 25° C. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The resulting solution was diluted with 200 mL of H 2 O. The resulting solution was extracted with 3×200 mL of ethyl acetate and the organic layers combined. The resulting mixture was washed with 1×200 mL of brine (sat.). The mixture was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The residue was applied onto a silica gel column with dichloromethane/methanol (9:1). This resulted in 4.8 g (90%) of tert-butyl 3-amino-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate as colorless oil. LCMS (method D, ESI): RT=0.97 min, m/z=227.0 [M+H] + .

Step 2: Synthesis of tert-butyl (1R,3r,5S)-3-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate and tert-butyl (1R,3s,5S)-3-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate

Into a 250-mL round-bottom flask was placed tert-butyl 3-amino-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate (4 g, 17.67 mmol, 1.00 equiv), 5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylic acid (2.7 g, 17.63 mmol, 1.00 equiv), HATU (10 g, 26.30 mmol, 1.50 equiv), DIEA (5.7 g, 44.10 mmol, 2.50 equiv), DMF (100 mL). The resulting solution was stirred for 12 h at 25° C. The reaction was then quenched by the addition of 100 mL of water. The resulting solution was extracted with 3×100 mL of ethyl acetate and the organic layers combined. The resulting mixture was washed with 1×100 mL of brine. The mixture was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified on a silica gel column with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (1:4). The product (4.0 g) was further purified by Prep-SFC with the following conditions (prep SFC 350): Column, Phenomenex Lux 5u Cellulose-3, 5*25 cm, Sum; mobile phase, CO 2 (80%), methanol (20%); Detector, UV220 nm. This resulted in 800 mg (13%) of tert-butyl (1R,3s,5S)-3-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate as a yellow solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ: 6.53 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.33 (s, 1H), 4.41-4.58 (m, 1H), 4.24-4.32 (m, 2H), 1.95-2.11 (m, 5H), 1.80-1.84 (m, 2H), 1.57-1.63 (m, 2H), 1.50 (s, 9H), 1.16-1.28 (m, 2H), 0.95-1.06 (m, 2H) ppm. LCMS (method D, ESI): RT=2.33 min, m/z=362.0 [M+H] + and 1.4 g (22%) of tert-butyl (1R,3r,5S)-3-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate as a yellow solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ: 7.21-7.23 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.34 (s, 1H), 4.27-4.33 (m, 3H), 2.25-2.31 (m, 2H), 2.07-2.14 (m, 3H), 1.91-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.76-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.49 (s, 9H), 1.16-1.28 (m, 2H), 0.95-1.06 (m, 2H) ppm. LCMS (method D, ESI): RT=2.43 min, m/z=362.0 [M+H] + .

Step 3: Synthesis of N-((1R,3r,5S)-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride and N-((1R,3s,5S)-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride

Into two 50-mL round-bottom flasks was separately placed tert-butyl (1R,3r,5S)-3-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate (600 mg, 1.66 mmol, 1.00 equiv) and tert-butyl (1R,3s,5S)-3-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate (600 mg, 1.66 mmol, 1.00 equiv). This was followed by the addition of 10 mL of 1,4-dioxane into each flask. Then hydrogen chloride was introduced into the two mixtures. The resulting solutions were stirred for 2 h at 25° C. The resulting mixtures were concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 480 mg (97%) of N-((1R,3r,5S)-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride LCMS (method D, ESI): RT=0.97 min, m/z=262.0 [M+H] + and 480 mg (97%) of N-((1R,3s,5S)-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride as a light yellow solid. LCMS (method D, ESI): RT=0.95 min, m/z=262.0 [M+H] + .

Synthesis of N-[1-[(2S)-3-amino-2-[[4-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]methyl] propanoyl]piperidin-4-yl]-5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride salt (Cpd. No. 121)

Into a 500-mL round-bottom flask purged and maintained with an inert atmosphere of nitrogen was placed 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (6 g, 49.13 mmol, 1.00 equiv) and ethanol (200 mL). Then ethyl 2-cyanoacetate (6.7 g, 59.23 mmol, 1.21 equiv) and piperidine (2 mL) was added. The resulting solution was stirred overnight at 90° C. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified on a silica gel column with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (1:2). This resulted in 8.5 g (80%) of ethyl (2E)-2-cyano-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate as a yellow solid. 1 H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 8.19 (s, 1H), 7.97 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 6.99 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 6.11 (brs, 1H), 4.41-4.31 (m, 2H), 1.40 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H) ppm. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.34 min, m/z=217.9 [M+H] + .

Into a 500-mL round-bottom flask was placed ethyl (2E)-2-cyano-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (8.5 g, 39.13 mmol, 1.00 equiv), methanol (200 mL) and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (9.4 g, 43.07 mmol, 1.10 equiv). Then Raney-Ni (3 g) was added batchwise. Then H 2 was introduced into mixture and maintained at 2 atm pressure. The resulting solution was stirred overnight at room temperature. The solids were filtered out. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified on a silica gel column with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (1:3). This resulted in 12 g (95%) of ethyl 3-[[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino]-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]propanoate as a light yellow solid. LCMS (method C, ESI): RT=0.95 min, m/z=324.2 [M+H] + .

Step 3: Synthesis of ethyl 3-[[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino]-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-iodophenyl)methyl]propanoate

Into a 250-mL round-bottom flask was placed ethyl 3-[[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino]-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]propanoate (5 g, 15.46 mmol, 1.00 equiv), TsOH (266 mg, 1.54 mmol, 0.10 equiv) and dichloromethane (80 mL). Then NIS (3.48 g, 15.47 mmol, 1.00 equiv) was added into at room temperature. The resulting solution was stirred overnight at room temperature. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified on a silica gel column with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (1:3). This resulted in 4.2 g (60%) of ethyl 3-[[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino]-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-iodophenyl)methyl]propanoate as a light yellow solid. 1 H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 7.46 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.06-7.02 (m, 1H), 6.89 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 4.15-4.07 (m, 2H), 3.32-3.24 (m, 2H), 2.84-2.72 (m, 3H), 1.43 (s, 9H), 1.19 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 3H) ppm. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.70 min, m/z=349.9 [M-Boc+H] + .

Step 4: Synthesis of ethyl 3-[[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino]-2-[[4-hydroxy-3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)phenyl]methyl]propanoate

Into a 250-mL round-bottom flask purged and maintained with an inert atmosphere of nitrogen was placed ethyl 3-[[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino]-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-iodophenyl)methyl]propanoate (4 g, 8.90 mmol, 1.00 equiv), 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (1.8 g, 10.71 mmol, 1.20 equiv), Pd(dppf)Cl 2 (650 mg), Cs 2 CO 3 (8.7 g, 26.62 mmol, 2.99 equiv), and N,N-dimethylformamide (50 mL). The resulting solution was stirred overnight at 100° C. The resulting solution was diluted with 40 mL of NH 4 Cl (sat. aq.). The resulting solution was extracted with 4×40 mL of ethyl acetate and the organic layers combined. The resulting mixture was washed with 4×50 mL of NH 4 Cl (sat. aq.). The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified on a silica gel column with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (1:5). This resulted in 1 g (31%) of ethyl 3-[[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino]-2-[[4-hydroxy-3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)phenyl]methyl]propanoate as light brown oil. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.74 min, m/z=264.0 [M-Boc+H] + .

Step 5: Synthesis of ethyl 3-[[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino]-2-[[4-hydroxy-3-(propan-yl)phenyl]methyl]propanoate

Into a 250-mL round-bottom flask, was placed ethyl 3-[[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino]-2-[[4-hydroxy-3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)phenyl]methyl]propanoate (1.3 g, 3.58 mmol, 1.00 equiv), ethyl acetate (40 mL) and 10% Palladium carbon (0.7 g). Then H 2 was introduced into mixture and maintained at 2 atm pressure. The resulting solution was stirred overnight at room temperature. The solids were filtered out. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 1.0 g (76%) of ethyl 3-[[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino]-2-[[4-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]methyl]propanoate as light yellow oil. LCMS (method D, ESI): RT=1.57 min, m/z=366.0 [M+H] + .

Step 6: Synthesis of 3-[[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino]-2-[[4-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]methyl]propanoic acid

Into a 250-mL round-bottom flask was placed ethyl 3-[[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino]-2-[[4-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]methyl]propanoate (1 g, 2.74 mmol, 1.00 equiv), ethanol (40 mL), water (0.5 mL), sodium hydroxide (0.45 g). The resulting solution was stirred for 6 h at room temperature. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The pH value of the solution was adjusted to 4 with hydrochloric acid (12N). The resulting solution was extracted with 5×30 mL of ethyl acetate and the organic layers combined and concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 0.6 g (65%) of 3-[[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino]-2-[[4-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]methyl]propanoic acid as colorless oil. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.56 min, m/z=360.1 [M+Na] + .

Step 7: Synthesis of tert-butyl N-[3-[4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)piperidin-1-yl]-2-[[4-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]methyl]-3-oxopropyl]carbamate

Into a 250-mL round-bottom flask was placed 3-[[(tert-butoxy)carbonyl]amino]-2-[[4-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]methyl]propanoic acid (600 mg, 1.78 mmol, 1.00 equiv), 5-cyclopropyl-N-(piperidin-4-yl)-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride (750 mg, 2.76 mmol, 1.55 equiv), EDCI (0.85 g), HOBT (0.6 g) and dichloromethane (60 mL). Then TEA (0.9 g) was added into dropwise at 0° C. The resulting solution was stirred overnight at room temperature. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified on a silica gel column with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (1:10). The product was further purified by Prep-HPLC with the following conditions (2#-Waters 2767-2(HPLC-08)): Column, Xbridge Prep Phenyl, 5 um, 19×150 mm; mobile phase, Water with 50 mmol ammonium bicarbonate and acetonitrile (10.0% acetonitrile up to 33.0% in 2 min, up to 53.0% in 8 min, up to 100.0% in 1 min, down to 10.0% in 1 min); Detector, UV 254 nm. This resulted in 650 mg (66%) of tert-butyl N-[3-[4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)piperidin-1-yl]-2-[[4-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]methyl]-3-oxopropyl]carbamate as a white solid. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.69 min, m/z=455.2 [M-Boc+H] + .

Step 8: Synthesis of tert-butyl N-[(2S)-3-[4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)piperidin-1-yl]-2-[[4-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]methyl]-3-oxopropyl]carbamate

The tert-butyl N-[3-[4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)piperidin-1-yl]-2-[[4-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]methyl]-3-oxopropyl]carbamate (600 mg, 1.08 mmol, 1.00 equiv) was separated by Chiral-HPLC with following conditions: (Chiral-p(Lux-4)003667995-2): Column, Phenomenex Lux 5u Cellulose-4, AXIA Packed 250*21.2 mm, 5 um, mobile phase, Phase A: Hex-HPLC and Phase B: EtOH-HPLC Gradient; Detector, uv 254/220 nm. This resulted in 256 mg (43%) of tert-butyl N-[(2S)-3-[4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)piperidin-1-yl]-2-[[4-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]methyl]-3-oxopropyl]carbamate as a white solid. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.68 min, m/z=455.3 [M-Boc+H] + .

Step 9: Synthesis of N-[1-[(2S)-3-Amino-2-[[4-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]methyl] propanoyl]piperidin-4-yl]-5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride salt

Into a 100-mL round-bottom flask was placed tert-butyl N-[(2S)-3-[4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)piperidin-1-yl]-2-[[4-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]methyl]-3-oxopropyl]carbamate (256 mg, 0.46 mmol, 1.00 equiv) and dichloromethane (20 mL). Then hydrogen chloride was introduced into mixture. The resulting solution was stirred for 4 h at room temperature. The solids were collected by filtration. The resulting filtrate was concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 152.2 mg (67%) of N-[1-[(2S)-3-amino-2-[[4-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-yl)phenyl]methyl]propanoyl]piperidin-4-yl]-5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride as a white solid. 1 H-NMR (300 MHz, CD 3 OD): δ 6.99 (dd, J=20.4 and 2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.86-6.81 (m, 1H), 6.73-6.69 (m, 1H), 6.36 (d, J=0.6 Hz, 1H), 4.60-4.37 (m, 1H), 4.05-3.88 (m, 1H), 3.87-3.63 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.36 (m, 1H), 3.30-2.98 (m, 3.5H), 2.88-2.72 (m, 3H), 2.62-2.45 (m, 0.5H), 2.21-2.11 (m, 1H), 1.96-1.62 (m, 2H), 1.62-1.42 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.24 (m, 0.5H), 1.23-1.18 (m, 6H), 1.18-1.09 (m, 2H), 1.02-0.90 (m, 2H), 0.78-0.60 (m, 0.5H) ppm. LCMS (method D, ESI): RT=1.96 min, m/z=455.1 [M+H] + . ee=100%.

Synthesis of N-((2R,4S,5R)-1-((1r,4R)-4-aminocyclohexanecarbonyl)-2,5-dimethylpiperidin-4-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide (Cpd. No. 420)

Into a 100-mL 3-necked round-bottom flask purged and maintained with an inert atmosphere of nitrogen was placed a solution of 2,5-dimethylpyridin-4-amine (488 mg, 3.99 mmol, 1.00 equiv) in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL), di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (959.2 mg, 4.40 mmol, 1.10 equiv). This was followed by the addition of LiHMDS ((7.98 mL, 7.98 mmol, 2.00 equiv, 1M in THF solution) dropwise with stirring at 0° C. The resulting solution was stirred at 25° C. overnight. The reaction was then quenched by the addition of 50 mL of NH 4 Cl (sat. aq.). The resulting solution was extracted with 3×20 mL of dichloromethane and the organic layers combined and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified on a silica gel column with dichloromethane/methanol (100:1). This resulted in 740 mg (83%) of tert-butyl 2,5-dimethylpyridin-4-ylcarbamate as yellow oil. LCMS (method C, ESI): RT=0.83 min, m/z=223.0 [M+H] + .

Into a 30-mL high pressure tank reactor (70 atm), was placed a solution of tert-butyl N-(2,5-dimethylpyridin-4-yl)carbamate (1.11 g, 4.99 mmol, 1.00 equiv) in ethanol (25 mL), and 5% Rh/Al 2 O 3 . Then hydrogen was introduced into mixture and maintained at 70 atm. The resulting solution was stirred for 2 days at 70° C. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25° C. The solids were filtered out. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 440 mg of tert-butyl 2,5-dimethylpiperidin-4-ylcarbamate as black oil. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.12 min, m/z=229.0 [M+H] + .

Step 3: Synthesis of tert-butyl 1-((1R,4R)-4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)cyclohexanecarbonyl)-2,5-dimethylpiperidin-4-ylcarbamate

Into a 25-mL round-bottom flask was placed tert-butyl N-(2,5-dimethylpiperidin-4-yl)carbamate (183.7 mg, 0.80 mmol, 1.10 equiv), (1R,4R)-4-(1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-2-yl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid (200 mg, 0.73 mmol, 1.00 equiv), HATU (334 mg, 0.88 mmol, 1.20 equiv). This was followed by the addition of TEA (370 mg, 3.66 mmol, 5.00 equiv) by dropwise with stirring. The resulting solution was stirred for 16 hours at 25° C. The resulting solution was diluted with 100 mL of dichloromethane. The resulting mixture was washed with 3×30 mL of brine (sat. aq.). The mixture was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified on a silica gel column with dichloromethane/methanol (100:1). This resulted in 700 mg of tert-butyl 1-((1R,4R)-4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)cyclohexanecarbonyl)-2,5-dimethylpiperidin-4-ylcarbamate as yellow oil. LCMS (method D, ESI): RT=0.91 min, m/z=484.0 [M+H] + .

Step 4: Synthesis of 2-((1R,4R)-4-(4-Amino-2,5-dimethylpiperidine-1-carbonyl)cyclohexyl) isoindoline-1,3-dione hydrochloride

Into a 100-mL round-bottom flask was placed a solution of tert-butyl N-(2,5-dimethyl-1-[ [(1R,4R)-4-(1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-2-yl)cyclohexyl]carbonyl]piperidin-4-yl)carbamate (700 mg, 1.45 mmol, 1.00 equiv) in dichloromethane (30 mL). To the above hydrogen chloride was introduced. The resulting solution was stirred for 30 min at 25° C. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 490 mg of 2-((1R,4R)-4-(4-amino-2,5-dimethylpiperidine-1-carbonyl)cyclohexyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione hydrochloride as yellow oil. LCMS (method C, ESI): RT=1.11 min, m/z=384.0[M+H] + .

Step 5: Synthesis of 5-Cyclopropyl-N-(1-((1R,4R)-4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)cyclohexanecarbonyl)-2,5-dimethylpiperidin-4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide

Into a 100-mL round-bottom flask was placed 2-[(1R,4R)-4-[(4-amino-2,5-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)carbonyl]cyclohexyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-1,3-dione (838 mg, 2.19 mmol, 1.10 equiv), 5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylic acid (306 mg, 2.00 mmol, 1.00 equiv), HATU (912 mg, 2.40 mmol, 1.20 equiv). This was followed by the addition of triethylamine (1 g, 9.88 mmol, 5.00 equiv) dropwise with stirring. The resulting solution was stirred at 25° C. overnight. The resulting solution was diluted with 100 mL of dichloromethane. The resulting mixture was washed with 3×30 mL of brine (sat.). The mixture was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified on a silica gel column with dichloromethane/methanol (100:1). This resulted in 500 mg of 5-cyclopropyl-N-(2,5-dimethyl-1-[ [(1R,4R)-4-(1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-2-yl)cyclohexyl]carbonyl]piperidin-4-yl)-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide as yellow oil. LCMS (method C, ESI): RT=0.99 min, m/z=519.0[M+H] +

Step 6: Synthesis of N-(1-((1R,4R)-4-Aminocyclohexanecarbonyl)-2,5-dimethylpiperidin-4-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide

Into a 100-mL round-bottom flask was placed 5-cyclopropyl-N-(2,5-dimethyl-1-[[(1R,4R)-4-(1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-2-yl)cyclohexyl]carbonyl]piperidin-4-yl)-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide (518 mg, 1.00 mmol, 1.00 equiv), water (1 mL) and propan-2-ol (6 mL). Then NaBH 4 (380 mg, 10.05 mmol, 10.00 equiv) was added batchwise. The resulting solution was stirred for 16 hours at 25° C. This was followed by the addition of acetic acid (0.2 mL, 0.10 equiv) dropwise with stirring. The resulting solution was allowed to react with stirring for 2 hour while the temperature was maintained at 80° C. in an oil bath. Then the reaction system was cooled. The pH value of the solution was adjusted to 8 with sodium carbonate (50%, aq.). The resulting solution was extracted with 3×15 mL of dichloromethane and the organic layers combined and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified on a silica gel column with dichloromethane/methanol (100:1). This resulted in 72.9 mg (19%) of 5-cyclopropyl-N-(2,5-dimethyl-1-[[(1R,4R)-4-aminocyclohexyl]carbonyl]piperidin-4-yl)-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide as a white solid. 1 H-NMR (400 MHz, CD 3 OD): δ 6.40 (s, 1H), 4.89-3.70 (m, 3H), 3.32-2.68 (m, 3H), 2.27-2.09 (m, 4H), 1.95-1.90 (m, 4H), 1.68-1.47 (m, 4H), 1.34-1.11 (m, 5H), 0.92-1.01 (m, 5H) ppm. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.32 min, m/z=389.0[M+H] + .

Step 7: Synthesis of N-((2R,4S,5R)-1-((1r,4R)-4-Aminocyclohexanecarbonyl)-2,5-dimethylpiperidin-4-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide

The crude product was purified by Chrial-HPLC with the following conditions: Column, SHIMADZU-PDA(LC-08); mobile phase, Hex (0.2% IPA):EtOH=70:30; Detector, UV 254/220 nm. This resulted in 9.6 mg (24%) of (2S,4R,5S)-benzyl 4-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)-2,5-dimethylpiperidine-1-carboxylate as a white solid and 9.3 mg (23%) of (2R,4S,5R)-benzyl 4-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)-2,5-dimethylpiperidine-1-carboxylate was obtained as a white solid. 1 H-NMR (400 MHz, CD 3 OD): δ 6.30 (s, 1H), 4.76-3.60 (m, 3H), 3.10-2.90 (m, 1H), 2.85-2.75 (m, 1H), 2.61-2.45 (m, 1H), 2.10-2.03 (m, 2H), 1.93-1.73 (m, 6H), 1.57-1.31 (m, 2H), 1.31-1.02 (m, 7H), 0.89-0.84 (m, 5H) ppm. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.31 min, m/z=389.0[M+H] + .

Synthesis of N-((3S,4R)-1-(3-aminopropylsulfonyl)-3-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide (Cpd. No. 386)

Into a 4-L round-bottom flask was placed methanol (3 L), formic acid (0.5 mL), HCOONH 4 (84 g, 1.33 mol, 40.00 equiv) and tert-butyl 3-methyl-4-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate (7 g, 32.82 mmol, 1.00 equiv). Then NaBH 3 CN (4.1 g, 2.00 equiv) was added into batchwise. The resulting solution was stirred for 2 hours at room temperature. The pH value of the solution was adjusted to 9 with sodium carbonate (5M in water). The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The resulting solution was diluted with 50 mL of H 2 O. The resulting solution was extracted with 3×50 mL of ethyl acetate and the organic layers combined. This resulted in 7.0 g (99% crude) of tert-butyl 4-amino-3-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate as a white solid. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO): 6.39 (brs, 2H), 3.95-3.75 (m, 1.5H), 3.70-3.60 (m, 0.5H), 3.35-3.25 (brs, 0.5H), 3.05-2.95 (m, 0.5H), 2.90-2.63 (m, 1.5H), 2.45-2.25 (brs, 0.5H), 2.10-2.00 (brs, 0.5H), 1.95-1.85 (m, 0.5H), 1.65-1.45 (m, 1.5H), 1.35-1.25 (m, 0.5H), 1.38 (s, 9H), 1.20-1.10 (m, 3H) ppm. LCMS (Method A, ESI): RT=1.02 min, m/z=215.0 [M+H] + .

Step 2: Synthesis of tert-butyl 4-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)-3-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate

Into a 250-mL round-bottom flask was placed tert-butyl 4-amino-3-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate (7 g, 32.66 mmol, 1.00 equiv), dichloromethane (100 mL), 5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylic acid (6.5 g, 42.45 mmol, 1.30 equiv), HATU (25.1 g, 104.13 mmol, 2.00 equiv). Then TEA (16.7 g, 165.04 mmol, 5.00 equiv) was added into mixture dropwise. The resulting solution was stirred for 2 h at room temperature. The resulting solution was concentrated under vacuum. The resulting solution was diluted with 50 mL of H 2 O. The resulting solution was extracted with 3×50 mL of ethyl acetate and the organic layers combined. The resulting mixture was washed with 3×150 mL of brine (sat.). The mixture was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The residue was purified on a silica gel column with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (1/5). This resulted in 6 g (52%) of tert-butyl 4-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)-3-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylateas yellow solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CD 3 OD): 6.38 (s, 1H), 4.30-4.20 (m, 1H), 4.20-4.05 (m, 1H), 3.80-3.76 (m, 1H), 3.56-3.45 (m, 1H), 3.29-3.20 (m, 1H), 2.15-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.90-1.80 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.60 (m, 1H), 1.52 (s, 9H), 1.20-1.16 (m, 2H), 1.05-0.85 (m, 5H) ppm. LCMS (Method A, ESI): RT=1.47 min, m/z=294.0 [M+H−56] + .

Step 3: Synthesis of (3S,4R)-tert-butyl 4-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)-3-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate

1.5 g of tert-butyl 4-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)-3-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate was purified by Chrial-Prep-SFC with the following conditions: Column: CHIRALCEL OJ-3 (0.46*15 cm, 3 um); mobile phase, Hex:EtOH=90:10; Detector, 254 nm. This resulted in 240 mg (16%) of (3S,4R)-tert-butyl 4-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)-3-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylateas a white solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CD 3 OD): 6.40 (s, 1H), 4.25-4.22 (m, 1H), 4.00-3.88 (brs, 1H), 3.77-3.55 (brs, 1H), 3.24-3.23 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.15 (m, 2H), 1.85-1.81 (m, 1H), 1.67-1.64 (m, 1H), 1.48 (s, 9H) 1.17-1.16 (m, 2H), 1.05-0.98 (m, 5H) ppm.

Into a 100-mL round-bottom flask was placed (3S,4R)-tert-butyl 4-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)-3-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate (240 mg, 0.688 mmol, 1.00 equiv), dichloromethane (30 mL). To the above hydrogen chloride was introduced. The resulting solution was stirred for 1 h at room temperature. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The resulting solution was diluted with 10 mL of water. The pH value of the solution was adjusted to 9 with sodium carbonate (5M in water). The resulting solution was extracted with 3×10 mL of ethyl acetate and the organic layers combined. This resulted in 150 mg (71%) of 5-cyclopropyl-N-[(3S,4R)-3-methylpiperidin-4-yl]-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide as a white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD 3 OD): 6.40 (s, 1H), 4.28-4.26 (m, 1H), 3.05-2.90 (brs, 1H), 2.90-2.70 (m, 3H), 2.20-2.05 (m, 2H), 1.90-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.20-1.10 (m, 2H), 1.05-0.95 (m, 5H) ppm. LCMS (Method A, ESI): RT=0.97 min, m/z=250.0 [M+H].

Step 5: Synthesis of 5-cyclopropyl-N-((3S,4R)-1-(3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propylsulfonyl)-3-methylpiperidin-4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide

Into a 25-mL round-bottom flask was placed 5-cyclopropyl-N-((3S,4R)-3-methylpiperidin-4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide (150 mg, 0.60 mmol, 1.00 equiv), dichloromethane (20 mL) and TEA (180 mg, 3.00 equiv). Then 3-(1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)propane-1-sulfonyl chloride (207 mg, 0.72 mmol, 1.30 equiv) was added into the mixture dropwise at −20° C. The resulting solution was stirred for additional 24 hours at −20° C. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The resulting mixture was triturated with 3×10 mL of EA. The solids were collected by filtration. This resulted in 300 mg (100%) of 5-cyclopropyl-N-[(3S,4R)-1-[[3-(1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-2-yl)propane]sulfonyl]-3-methylpiperidin-4-yl]-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide as a white solid. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.40 min, m/z=501.0 [M+H].

Step 6: Synthesis of N-((3S,4R)-1-(3-aminopropylsulfonyl)-3-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide

Into a 25-mL round-bottom flask was placed 5-cyclopropyl-N-[(3S,4R)-1-[[3-(1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-2-yl)propane]sulfonyl]-3-methylpiperidin-4-yl]-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide (300 mg, 0.60 mmol, 1.00 equiv), methanol (10 mL) and hydrazine hydrate (1 mL, 80% in water). The resulting solution was stirred for 1 h at room temperature. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The crude product (100 mg) was purified by Prep-HPLC with the following conditions: Column: X Bridge C18, 19*150 mm, 5 um; Mobile Phase A: Water/NH 4 HCO 3 10 mmol, Mobile Phase B: ACN; Flow rate: 30 mL/min; Gradient: 30% B to 85% B in 10 min; Detector, 254 nm This resulted in 66.4 mg (30%) of N-[(3R,4S)-1-[(3-aminopropane)sulfonyl]-3-methylpiperidin-4-yl]-5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide as a white solid. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CD 3 OD) δ: 6.40 (s, 1H), 4.24-4.20 (m, 1H), 3.61-3.57 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.32 (m, 1H), 3.25-3.08 (m, 4H), 2.85-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.30-2.14 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.89 (m, 3H), 1.80-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.15 (m, 2H), 1.10-0.95 (m, 5H) ppm. LCMS (Method D, ESI): RT=2.11 min, m/z=371.0 [M+H] + .

Into a 10-L round-bottom flask was placed methanol (5 L), HCOONH 4 (190 g, 3.01 mol, 37.80 equiv), acetic acid (5 g, 83.26 mmol, 1.04 equiv) and tert-butyl (2S)-2-methyl-4-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate (17 g, 79.71 mmol, 1.00 equiv). Then NaBH 3 CN (10 g, 159.13 mmol, 2.00 equiv) was added into the mixture slowly. The resulting solution was stirred overnight at 25° C. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The resulting solution was diluted with 500 mL of ethyl acetate. The resulting mixture was washed with 3×500 mL of brine (sat.). The resulting organic phase was concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 15.5 g (91%) of tert-butyl (2S)-4-amino-2-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate as off-white oil. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.21 min, m/z=215.1 [M+H] + .

Step 2: Synthesis of (2S)-tert-butyl 4-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)-2-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate

Into a 1 L round-bottom flask purged and maintained with an inert atmosphere of nitrogen was placed dichloromethane (500 mL), HOBT (15 g, 111.01 mmol, 1.53 equiv), EDCI (20 g, 104.33 mmol, 1.44 equiv), 5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylic acid (13.3 g, 86.85 mmol, 1.20 equiv) and tert-butyl (2S)-4-amino-2-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate (15.5 g, 72.33 mmol, 1.00 equiv). Then triethylamine (36 g, 355.77 mmol, 4.92 equiv) was added dropwise. The resulting solution was stirred for 2 hours at 25° C. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The resulting solution was diluted with 500 mL of ethyl acetate. The resulting mixture was washed with 3×500 mL of water. The resulting organic phase was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified on a silica gel column with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (1:10). This resulted in 14 g (55%) of tert-butyl (2 S)-4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)-2-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate as light yellow oil. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=2.05 min, m/z=350.2 [M+H] + .

Step 3: Synthesis of (2S,4S)-tert-butyl 4-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)-2-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate

The diastereomeric product was further purified by Chiral-HPLC with the following conditions: Column name: CHIRALPAK AD-H, 4.6*150 mm, 5 um, Co-Solvent: EtOH (0.1% DEA), % Co-Solvent: Hexane, 25.000, Detector: 220 nm. The resulting solution was concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 9.8 g (70%) of tert-butyl (2S,4S)-4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)-2-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate as colorless oil. 1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO): δ 8.54-8.52 (m, 1H), 6.47 (s, 1H), 3.94-3.87 (m, 2H), 3.57-3.53 (m, 1H), 3.32-3.26 (m, 1H), 2.20-2.16 (m, 1H), 1.80-1.63 (m, 4H), 1.39 (s, 9H), 1.16-1.15 (m, 3H), 1.10-1.06 (m, 2H), 0.93-0.89 (m, 2H) ppm and 3.3 g (24%) of tert-butyl (2S,4R)-4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)-2-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate as a light yellow solid. 1 H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO): δ 8.54-8.52 (m, 1H), 6.46 (s, 1H), 4.54-4.30 (m, 1H), 4.28-4.04 (m, 1H), 4.00-3.68 (m, 1H), 3.10-2.70 (m, 1H), 2.19-2.15 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.73 (m, 1H), 1.63-1.59 (m, 2H), 1.39-1.35 (m, 10H), 1.13-1.08 (m, 5H), 1.00-0.82 (m, 2H) ppm.

Step 4: Synthesis of 5-cyclopropyl-N-((2S,4S)-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride

Into a 250-mL round-bottom flask was placed dichloromethane (100 mL) and tert-butyl (2S,4S)-4-(5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)-2-methylpiperidine-1-carboxylate (9.8 g, 28.05 mmol, 1.00 equiv). To the above hydrogen chloride (gas) was introduced into mixture. The resulting solution was stirred for 2 hours at 25° C. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 8.6 g of 5-cyclopropyl-N-[(2S,4S)-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl]-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride as a white solid. 1 HNMR (400 MHz, MeOD): δ 6.40 (s, 1H), 4.24-4.10 (m, 1H), 3.55-3.45 (m, 1H), 3.40-3.35 (m, 1H), 3.19-3.15 (m, 1H), 2.24-2.15 (m, 3H), 1.82-1.77 (m, 1H), 1.63-1.60 (m, 1H), 1.93-1.37 (m, 3H), 1.21-1.13 (m, 2H), 1.00-0.96 (m, 2H) ppm. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.13 min, m/z=250.1 [M−HCl+H] + .

Step 5: Synthesis of N-((2S,4S)-1-(3-chloropropylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide

Into a 25-mL round-bottom flask was placed dichloromethane (5 mL), triethylamine (121 mg, 1.20 mmol, 2.98 equiv) and 5-cyclopropyl-N-[(2S,4S)-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl]-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide (100 mg, 0.40 mmol, 1.00 equiv). Then 3-chloropropane-1-sulfonyl chloride (106 mg, 0.60 mmol, 1.49 equiv) was added dropwise at 0° C. The resulting solution was stirred for 16 hours at 25° C. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified on a silica gel column with ethyl acetate/hexane (1:1). This resulted in 85 mg (54%) of N-[(2S,4S)-1-[(3-chloropropane)sulfonyl]-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl]-5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide as a white solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CD 3 OD): δ 6.38 (s, 1H), 4.13-4.01 (m, 1H), 3.80-3.72 (m, 3H), 3.66-3.65 (m, 1H), 3.26-3.19 (m, 3H), 2.19-2.00 (m, 3H), 2.04-1.98 (m, 2H), 1.77-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.43 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.00-0.97 (m, 2H), 1.16-1.12 (m, 2H) ppm. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.37 min, m/z=390.0 [M+H] + .

Step 6: Synthesis of N-((2S,4S)-1-(3-(benzylamino)propylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide

Into a 10 mL round-bottom flask was placed 1,4-dioxane (3 mL), N-[(2S,4S)-1-[(3-chloropropane)sulfonyl]-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl]-5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide (84 mg, 0.22 mmol, 1.00 equiv), and phenylmethanamine (274 mg, 2.56 mmol, 11.87 equiv). The resulting solution was stirred for 16 hours at 100° C. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified on a silica gel column with ethyl acetate/hexane (1:1). This resulted in 30.1 mg (30%) of N-[(2S,4S)-1-[[3-(benzylamino)propane]sulfonyl]-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl]-5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide as a white solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CD 3 OD): δ 7.37-7.29 (m, 5H), 6.38 (s, 1H), 4.13-4.01 (m, 1H), 3.82 (s, 2H), 3.80-3.78 (m, 1H), 3.62 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 3.18-3.11 (m, 3H), 2.78 (t, J=3.2 Hz, 2H), 2.18-2.16 (m, 1H), 2.04-1.97 (m, 4H), 1.77-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.43 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.00-0.97 (m, 2H), 1.16-1.12 (m, 2H) ppm. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.48 min, m/z=461.3 [M+H] + .

Into a 100-mL round-bottom flask purged and maintained with an inert atmosphere of nitrogen was placed dichloromethane (30 mL) and sulfuryl chloride (5.1 g, 37.79 mmol, 1.08 equiv). This was followed by the addition of a solution of 1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane (5 g, 34.92 mmol, 1.00 equiv) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (4.27 g, 34.95 mmol, 1.00 equiv) in dichloromethane (10 mL) dropwise with stirring at −78° C. The resulting solution was stirred for 4 hours at 25° C. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was chromatographed on a silica gel column with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (1:10). This resulted in 4.2 g (50%) of 1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-8-sulfonyl chloride as a white solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ: 4.02 (s, 4H), 3.51 (s, 4H), 1.94-1.91 (m, 4H) ppm.

Step 2: Synthesis of 5-cyclopropyl-N-[(2S,4S)-1-[1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-8-sulfonyl]-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl]-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide

Into a 50-mL round-bottom flask was placed dichloromethane (15 mL), triethylamine (500 mg, 4.94 mmol, 4.71 equiv), and 5-cyclopropyl-N-[(2S,4S)-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl]-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride (300 mg, 1.05 mmol, 1.00 equiv). This was followed by the addition of a solution of 1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-8-sulfonyl chloride (700 mg, 2.90 mmol, 2.76 equiv) in dichloromethane (5 mL) dropwise with stirring at −78° C. The resulting solution was stirred for 16 hours at 25° C. The reaction mixture was washed with brine (sat. aq., 3×10 mL) and the organic layer concentrated under vacuum. The residue was chromatographed on a silica gel column with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (3:7). This resulted in 300 mg (63%) of 5-cyclopropyl-N-[(2S,4S)-1-[1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-8-sulfonyl]-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl]-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide as a white solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ: 6.82 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.34 (s, 1H), 4.24-4.22 (m, 1H), 3.98 (s, 4H), 3.73-3.70 (m, 1H), 3.63-3.60 (m, 1H), 3.35-3.27 (m, 5H), 2.11-2.00 (m, 3H), 1.80-1.73 (m, 6H), 1.45 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.16-1.12 (m, 2H), 1.02-0.98 (m, 2H) ppm. LCMS (method D, ESI): RT=1.91 min, m/z=455.5 [M+H] + .

Step 3: Synthesis of 5-cyclopropyl-N-((2S,4S)-2-methyl-1-(4-oxopiperidin-1-ylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide

Into a 25-mL round-bottom flask was placed THF (10 mL), 5-cyclopropyl-N-[(2S,4S)-1-[1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-8-sulfonyl]-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl]-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide (300 mg, 0.66 mmol, 1.00 equiv) and hydrochloric acid (2N, 5 mL). The resulting solution was stirred for 16 hour at 25° C. The pH value of the solution was adjusted to 8 with Na 2 CO 3 (sat. aq.). The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The resulting mixture was diluted with 10 mL of DCM. The solids were filtered off yielding 250 mg (92%) of 5-cyclopropyl-N-[(2S,4S)-2-methyl-1-(4-oxopiperidine-1-sulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide as a white solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ: 6.83 (d, J=6.38 Hz, 1H), 6.34 (s, 1H), 4.26-4.24 (m, 1H), 3.72-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.59-3.56 (m, 4H), 3.34-3.32 (m, 1H), 2.60-2.56 (m, 4H), 2.11-2.04 (m, 3H), 1.82-1.76 (m, 2H), 1.48 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.15-1.12 (m, 2H), 1.02-1.00 (m, 2H) ppm. LCMS (method D, ESI): RT=1.32 min, m/z=411.2 [M+H] + .

Step 4: Synthesis of N-((2S,4S)-1-(4-aminopiperidin-1-ylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide trifluoroacetic acid

Into a 250-mL round-bottom flask was placed methanol (100 mL), 5-cyclopropyl-N-[(2S,4S)-2-methyl-1-(4-oxopiperidine-1-sulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide (60 mg, 0.15 mmol, 1.00 equiv), and ammonium formate (500 mg, 7.93 mmol, 54.25 equiv). Then NaBH 3 CN (30 mg, 0.48 mmol, 3.27 equiv) was added at 0° C. The resulting solution was stirred for 16 hours at 25° C. The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum and the residue diluted with 20 mL of dichloromethane. The resulting mixture was washed with brine (sat. aq., 2×10 mL). The organic layer was concentrated under vacuum and the crude product purified by Prep-HPLC with the following conditions (1#-Pre-HPLC-005(Waters)): Column, Atlantis Prep OBD T3 Column, 19*150 mm, 5 um, mobile phase, water with 0.05% TFA and CH 3 CN (up to 3.0% in 10 min, up to 100.0% in 1 min, hold 100.0% in 1 min); Detector, UV 254 nm. This resulted in 26.4 mg (34%) of N-[(2S,4S)-1-(4-aminopiperidine-1-sulfonyl)-2-methylpiperidin-4-yl]-5-cyclopropyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide trifluoroacetate as a white solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CD 3 OD) δ: 6.38 (s, 1H), 4.13-4.05 (m, 1H), 3.80-3.77 (m, 3H), 3.76-3.74 (m, 1H), 3.33-3.23 (m, 2H), 2.93 (t, J=12.4 Hz, 2H), 2.19-2.15 (m, 1H), 2.07-1.95 (m, 4H), 1.82-1.67 (m, 4H), 1.42 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.18-1.13 (m, 2H), 1.00-0.97 (m, 2H) ppm. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.71 min, m/z=412.5 [M-TFA+H] + .

Into a 250-mL round-bottom flask was placed ethyl 2,4-dioxohexanoate (10 g, 69.36 mmol, 1.00 equiv), ethanol (100 mL), and NH 2 OH—HCl (4.95 g, 70.23 mmol, 1.2 equiv). The resulting solution was stirred for 16 hours at 80° C. in an oil bath. The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum and the residue dissolved in 50 mL of ethyl acetate. The resulting mixture was washed with 2×20 mL of water. The organic phase was dried and concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 10 g (46%) of ethyl 5-ethyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylate as a yellow solid. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.37 min, m/z=170.0 [M+H] + .

Into a 250-mL round-bottom flask was placed ethyl 5-ethyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylate (5 g, 29.55 mmol, 1.00 equiv), ethanol (50 mL), and sodium hydroxide (2.4 g, 60.00 mmol, 2.03 equiv). This was followed by the addition of water (8 mL) dropwise with stirring over 10 mins. The resulting solution was stirred for 16 hours at 25° C. The pH value of the solution was adjusted to 4 with hydrochloric acid (6N). The resulting solution was extracted with 50 mL of dichloromethane. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 3 g (72%) of 5-ethyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylic acid as a yellow solid. 1 H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO): δ13.8 (s, 1H), 6.58 (s, 1H), 2.85 (q, J 1 =7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.32 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H) ppm. LCMS (method C, ESI): RT=2.60 min, m/z=142.0411.0 [M+H] + .

Step 3: Synthesis of (1R,3r,5S)-tert-butyl 3-(5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate

Into a 50-mL round-bottom flask was placed (1R,3r,5S)-tert-butyl 3-amino-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate (300 mg, 1.33 mmol, 1.00 equiv), dichloromethane (13 mL), 5-ethyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylic acid (480 mg, 3.40 mmol, 1.10 equiv), 1-hydroxybenzotrizole (431 mg, 3.19 mmol, 1.50 equiv), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (1.2 g, 6.26 mmol, 3.00 equiv) and triethylamine (860 mg, 8.50 mmol, 4.00 equiv). The resulting solution was stirred for 16 h at 25° C. The reaction mixture was washed with 2×30 mL of H 2 O. The water layers were back extracted with 2×30 mL of dichloromethane and the organic layers combined and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was chromatographed on a silica gel column with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (6:1). This resulted in 350 mg (76%) of (1R,3r,5S)-tert-butyl 3-(5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylateas a yellow solid. LCMS (method C, ESI): RT=0.93 min, m/z=350.0 [M+H] + .

Into a 50-mL round-bottom flask was placed (1R,3r,5S)-tert-butyl 3-(5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate (350 mg, 1.00 mmol, 1.00 equiv) and dichloromethane (30 mL). To the above hydrogen chloride (gas) was introduced. The resulting solution was stirred for 2 h at 25° C. The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 300 mg (HCl salt) of N-[(1R,3r,5S)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl]-5-ethyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide as a white solid. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=0.97 min, m/z=250.0 [M+H] + .

Step 5: Synthesis of benzyl 4-(((1R,3r,5S)-3-(5-ethylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-ylsulfonyl)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate

Into a 25-mL round-bottom flask purged and maintained with an inert atmosphere of nitrogen was placed N-[(1R,3r,5S)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl]-5-ethyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide (100 mg, 0.40 mmol, 1.00 equiv), and tetrahydrofuran (5 mL). This was followed by the addition of lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (1N in THF, 1.5 mL) dropwise with stirring at −70° C. To this was added benzyl 4-[(chlorosulfonyl)methyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate (200 mg, 0.60 mmol, 1.50 equiv) in several portions at −70° C. The resulting solution was stirred for 30 min at −70° C. in a dry ice bath. The reaction mixture was stirred for an additional 16 h at 25° C. The resulting solution was diluted with 30 mL of ethyl acetate and washed with 2×15 mL of H 2 O. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was chromatographed on a silica gel column with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (2:3). This resulted in 140 mg (64%) of benzyl 4-[[(1R,3r,5S)-3-(5-ethyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-sulfonyl]methyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate as white solid. LCMS (method C, ESI): RT=1.53 min, m/z=545.0 [M+H] + .

Step 6: Synthesis of 5-ethyl-N-((1R,3r,5S)-8-(piperidin-4-ylmethylsulfonyl)-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide

Into a 50-mL round-bottom flask was placed benzyl 4-[[(1R,3r,5S)-3-(5-ethyl-1,2-oxazole-3-amido)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-sulfonyl]methyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate (120 mg, 0.22 mmol, 1.00 equiv) and hydrochloric acid (12N, 20 mL). The resulting solution was stirred for 2 h at 25° C. The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The crude product (120 mg) was purified by Prep-HPLC with the following conditions (Prep-HPLC-025): Column, XBridge Prep Phenyl OBD Column, 5 um, 19*150 mm; mobile phase, Water with 10 mmol NH 4 HCO 3 and MeCN (20.0% MeCN up to 75.0% in 10 min, up to 95.0% in 1 min, hold 95.0% in 1 min, down to 20.0% in 2 min); Detector, UV 254/220 nm. This resulted in 34.8 mg (38%) of 5-ethyl-N-[(1R,3r,5S)-8-[(piperidin-4-ylmethane)sulfonyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl]-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide as a white solid. 1 H-NMR (400 MHz, CD 3 OD): δ 6.47 (s, 1H), 4.26 (d, J=23.0 Hz, 2H), 4.16 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 3.14-3.06 (m, 4H), 2.89 (q, J 1 =7.6 Hz, J 2 = 15.2 Hz, 2H), 2.76 (q, J 1 =10.8 Hz, J 2 =12.8 Hz, 2H), 2.32-2.26 (m, 2H), 2.10-1.91 (m, 9H), 1.44-1.38 (m, 5H) ppm. LCMS (method C, ESI): RT=2.60 min, m/z=411.0 [M+H] + .

Into a 1000-mL round-bottom flask, was placed benzyl 4-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (100 g, 401.11 mmol, 1.00 equiv), dichloromethane (300 mL), triethylamine (121 g, 1.20 mol, 3.00 equiv). This was followed by the addition of methanesulfonyl chloride (91.6 g, 799.64 mmol, 2.00 equiv) dropwise with stirring at 0° C. The resulting solution was stirred for 16 h at 25° C. The resulting mixture was washed with 2×500 mL of H 2 O. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was applied onto a silica gel column with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (1:2). This resulted in 116 g (88%) of benzyl 4-((methylsulfonyloxy)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate as a yellow solid. 1 H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 7.40-7.29 (m, 5H), 5.07 (s, 2H), 4.08-4.01 (m, 4H), 3.17 (s, 3H), 2.90-2.70 (m, 2H), 1.99-1.86 (m, 1H), 1.69-1.66 (m, 2H), 1.20-1.15 (m, 2H) ppm. LCMS (method D, ESI): RT=1.46 min, m/z=328.0 [M+H] + .

Into a 2000-mL round-bottom flask, was placed benzyl 4-[(methanesulfonyloxy)methyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate (116 g, 354.31 mmol, 1.00 equiv), acetonitrile (1000 mL), 1-(potassiosulfanyl)ethan-1-one (190 g, 1.66 mol, 5.00 equiv). The resulting solution was stirred for 2 h at 80° C. in an oil bath. The resulting solution was extracted with 2×500 mL of ethyl acetate and the organic layers combined and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 105 g (96%) of benzyl 4-(acetylthiomethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate as red oil. 1 H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 7.40-7.29 (m, 5H), 5.12 (s, 2H), 4.20-4.13 (m, 2H), 2.83-2.70 (m, 4H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 1.78-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.68-1.57 (m, 1H), 1.28-1.22 (m, 2H) ppm. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.53 min, m/z=308.0 [M+H] +

Into a 1000-mL round-bottom flask, was placed benzyl 4-[(acetylsulfanyl)methyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate (105 g, 341.57 mmol, 1.00 equiv), acetic acid (500 mL), water (250 mL). This was followed by the addition of N-chlorosuccinimide (160 g, 1.20 mol, 3.50 equiv) in several batches at 0° C. The resulting solution was stirred for 2 h at 25° C. The resulting solution was extracted with 2×500 mL of dichloromethane and the organic layers combined and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was applied onto a silica gel column with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (1:4). This resulted in 95 g (84%) of benzyl 4-(chlorosulfonylmethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate as a light yellow solid. 1 H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 7.41-7.28 (m, 5H), 5.12 (s, 2H), 4.24-4.08 (m, 2H), 3.65 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.89-2.73 (m, 3H), 2.43-2.31 (m, 1H), 2.07-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.43-1.21 (m, 2H) ppm. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=1.48 min, m/z=332.0 [M+H] + .

Step 4: Synthesis of benzyl 4-(((1S,3r,5R)-3-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-ylsulfonyl)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate

Into a 1000-mL round-bottom flask, was placed N-((1S,3r,5R)-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)-5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride (28.4 g, 95.37 mmol, 1.00 equiv), dichloromethane (500 mL), triethylamine (100 g, 988.24 mmol, 10.00 equiv). This was followed by the addition of benzyl 4-[(chlorosulfonyl)methyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate (35 g, 105.48 mmol, 1.10 equiv) in several batches at −70° C. The resulting solution was stirred for 16 h at 25° C. The resulting mixture was washed with 2×300 mL of H 2 O. The organic phase was collected. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was applied onto a silica gel column with ethyl acetate/petroleum ether (1:1). This resulted in 34 g (64%) of benzyl 4-(((1S,3r,5R)-3-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-ylsulfonyl)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate as a white solid. 1 H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 7.36-7.26 (m, 5H), 7.10 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.32 (s, 1H), 5.12 (s, 2H), 4.31-4.16 (m, 5H), 2.92-2.84 (m, 4H), 2.31-1.92 (m, 12H), 1.31-1.24 (m, 2H), 1.14-1.09 (m, 2H), 1.01-0.97 (m, 2H) ppm. LCMS (method B, ESI): RT=1.59 min, m/z=557.0[M+H] + .

Step 5: Synthesis of 5-cyclopropyl-N-((1S,3r,5R)-8-(piperidin-4-ylmethylsulfonyl)-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride

Into a 1000-mL round-bottom flask, was placed benzyl 4-(((1S,3r,5R)-3-(5-cyclopropylisoxazole-3-carboxamido)-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-ylsulfonyl)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (48 g, 86.23 mmol, 1.00 equiv), hydrochloric acid (12 N, 500 mL). The resulting solution was stirred for 8 h at 25° C. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 39 g (99%) of 5-cyclopropyl-N-((1S,3r,5R)-8-(piperidin-4-ylmethylsulfonyl)-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride as an off-white solid. LCMS (method A, ESI): RT=0.99 min, m/z=423.0[M+H] +

Step 6: Synthesis of 5-cyclopropyl-N-((1S,3r,5R)-8-((l-methylpiperidin-4-yl)methylsulfonyl)-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide

In Into a 2000-mL round-bottom flask, was placed 5-cyclopropyl-N-((1S,3r,5R)-8-(piperidin-4-ylmethylsulfonyl)-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride (42 g, 91.50 mmol, 1.00 equiv), methanol (800 mL), formaldehyde (40 mL), acetic acid (8 mL). The resulting solution was stirred for 0.5 h at 25° C. This was followed by the addition of sodium cyanoborohydride (11 g, 175.05 mmol, 2.00 equiv) in several batches at 0° C. The resulting solution was stirred for 2 h at 25° C. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The pH value of the solution was adjusted to 10 with sodium hydroxide (1 N). The resulting solution was extracted with 2×500 mL of dichloromethane and the organic layers combined and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. This resulted in 38.9 g (98%) of 5-cyclopropyl-N-((1S,3r,5R)-8-((1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)methylsulfonyl)-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide as an off-white solid. 1 H-NMR (300 MHz, CD 3 OD): δ 6.41 (s, 1H), 4.28-4.18 (m, 3H), 3.10 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.94 (d, J=12.0 Hz, 2H), 2.34-1.95 (m, 17H), 1.60-1.40 (m, 2H), 1.21-1.15 (m, 2H), 1.05-0.98 (m, 2H) ppm. LCMS (method B, ESI): RT=1.64 min, m/z=437.1 [M+H] + .