Anatomic plates for medial proximal tibia

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/281,372, filed on Jan. 21, 2016, the benefit of priority of which is claimed hereby, and which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

Subject matter of the present application relates to orthopedic systems and specifically to surgical devices for the internal fixation of fractured bones, such as bone plates.

Bone plates can be used to treat fractured bones. Typically, a bone plate is secured to a bone to stabilize parts of a fractured bone while the bone mends. Periarticular bone plates are used to treat bone fractures adjacent a joint and typically include an elongate shaft portion which is secured to the diaphysis of a bone, and a flared head portion which is attached to the metaphysis of the bone with, e.g., a plurality of screws.

Currently available bone plates for the proximal tibia have a head portion extending from a shaft portion and are specifically configured to mount to a lateral side of the tibia. In some designs, the head portion can be offset from the shaft portion in the frontal plane so as to accommodate the anatomy, such as the Gerdy's tubercle region of the proximal tibia.

Example lateral proximal tibial bone plates are discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 8,262,707 to Huebner et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 8,740,905 to Price et al.

Overview

Anatomic plates for a medial proximal tibia are described that can facilitate repairing of damaged medial condyle portions on the tibia. The plates can have head portions and shaft portions. The head portions can be positioned on the medial condyle in anterior-medial, posterior-medial and direct medial positions. The shaft portions can be configured to be straight, curved or twisted to reach different portions of the diaphysis of the tibia. Such combinations of head and shaft portions can allow for direct support and reduction of damaged portions of the medial proximal tibia that might not be adequately reached with lateral proximal tibia plates.

To further illustrate the components and methods disclosed herein, a non-limiting list of examples is provided here:

In Example 1, a bone plate comprises: a proximal head extending from a first head end to a second head end, and a distal shaft connected to the proximal head and extending from a first shaft end to a second shaft end, wherein the proximal head is shaped to conform to a proximal medial portion of a tibia.

Example 2 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Example 1, to optionally include a proximal head that is elongated along a first axis and a distal shaft that is elongated along a second axis approximately perpendicular to the first axis.

Example 3 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Examples 1 and 2, to optionally include a strut connecting the proximal head with the distal shaft to leave an open interior region.

Example 4 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Example 3, to optionally include a strut that comprises at least one hole portion flanked by at least one thinned region.

Example 5 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Examples 3 and 4, to optionally include a proximal head that includes at least three locking holes, the strut includes a single locking hole, and a distal shaft portion that includes a plurality of locking holes, a multi-directional hole, a compression slot and a wire hole.

Example 6 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Examples 1-4 to optionally include a proximal head that is shaped to conform to a medial condyle of the tibia.

Example 7 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Examples 1-6, to optionally include a proximal head that is shaped to conform to an anterior medial portion of the medial condyle.

Example 8 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Example 7, to optionally include a strut connecting the second end of the proximal head and a mid-section of the distal shaft, wherein the first head end is connected to the first shaft end, and the proximal head extends perpendicularly medially from the distal shaft.

Example 9 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Example 8, to optionally include a proximal head that includes three locking holes, a strut that includes a single locking hole, and a distal shaft portion that includes a plurality of locking holes, a multi-directional hole and a compression slot.

Example 10 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Examples 8 and 9, to optionally include a proximal head that is offset from the distal shaft portion in an anterior direction.

Example 11 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Examples 1-6, to optionally include a proximal head is shaped to conform to a posterior medial portion of the medial condyle.

Example 12 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Example 11, to optionally include a strut connecting a mid-section of the proximal head and a mid-section of the distal shaft, wherein the first head end is connected to the first shaft end, and the proximal head extends perpendicularly medially from the distal shaft.

Example 13 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Example 12, to optionally include a proximal head that includes four locking holes, a strut that includes a single locking hole, and a distal shaft that includes a plurality of locking holes, a multi-directional hole and a compression slot.

Example 14 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Examples 12 and 13, to optionally include a proximal head that is offset from the distal shaft in a posterior direction.

Example 15 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Examples 12-14, to optionally include a proximal-section of the distal shaft that is offset from a distal-section of the distal shaft in a posterior direction.

Example 16 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Examples 12-15, to optionally include a mid-section of the distal shaft that is curved such that the distal-section and the second shaft end of the distal shaft are positionable on an anterior medial side of a tibia.

Example 17 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Examples 1-6, to optionally include a proximal head that is shaped to conform to a direct medial portion of the medial condyle.

Example 18 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Example 17, to optionally include a first strut connecting a lateral mid-section of the proximal head portion to a mid-section of the distal shaft, and a second strut connecting a medial mid-section of the proximal head portion to the mid-section of the distal shaft, wherein a mid-point of the proximal head portion is connected to the first shaft end, and the proximal head extends perpendicularly medially and laterally from the distal shaft.

Example 19 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Example 18, to optionally include a proximal head that includes five locking holes, each strut includes a single locking hole, and a distal shaft that includes a plurality of locking holes, a multi-directional hole and a compression slot.

Example 20 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subject matter of Examples 18 and 19, to optionally include a proximal head that is offset from the distal shaft in a medial direction, and a mid-section of the distal shaft portion that is curved such that the second shaft end of the distal shaft is positionable on an anterior medial side of a tibia.

These and other examples and features of the present systems and methods will be set forth in part in the following Detailed Description. This Overview is intended to provide non-limiting examples of the present subject matter—it is not intended to provide an exclusive or exhaustive explanation. The Detailed Description below is included to provide further information about the present systems and methods.

In the drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, like numerals may describe similar components in different views. Like numerals having different letter suffixes may represent different instances of similar components. The drawings illustrate generally, by way of example, but not by way of limitation, various examples discussed in the present document.

FIG. 1 is a schematic anterior view of a left knee joint showing a conventional lateral proximal tibia bone plate mounted to a lateral side of a tibia.

FIG. 2A is a front view of an anterior medial standard-sized bone plate, in accordance with at least one example of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2B is a side view of the anterior medial standard-sized bone plate of FIG. 2A , in accordance with at least one example of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 is an anterior view of a proximal end of a tibia to which the bone plate of FIGS. 2A and 2B is mounted, in accordance with at least one example of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4A is a front view of a posterior medial straight bone plate, in accordance with at least one example of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4B is a side view of the posterior medial straight bone plate of FIG. 4A , in accordance with at least one example of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4C is a top view of the posterior medial straight bone plate of FIGS. 4A and 4B , in accordance with at least one example of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5A is a posterior view of a proximal end of a tibia to which the posterior medial straight bone plate of FIGS. 4A-4C is mounted, in accordance with at least one example of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5B is a medial view of the tibia and bone plate of FIG. 5A , in accordance with at least one example of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6A is a front view of a posterior medial curved bone plate, in accordance with at least one example of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6B is a side view of the posterior medial curved bone plate of FIG. 6A , in accordance with at least one example of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6C is a top view of the posterior medial curved bone plate of FIGS. 6A and 6B , in accordance with at least one example of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7A is a posterior view of a proximal end of a tibia to which the posterior medial curved bone plate of FIGS. 6A-6C is mounted, in accordance with at least one example of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7B is a medial view of the tibia and bone plate of FIG. 7A , in accordance with at least one example of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8A is a front view of a direct medial bone plate, in accordance with at least one example of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8B is a top view of the direct medial bone plate of FIG. 8A , in accordance with at least one example of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9A is a medial view of a proximal end of a tibia to which the direct medial bone plate of FIGS. 8A and 8B is mounted, in accordance with at least one example of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9B is a anterior view of the tibia and bone plate of FIG. 9A , in accordance with at least one example of the present disclosure.

Example medial proximal tibia bone plates are described. Head portions of the bone plates are contoured to mate closely with a metaphysis of a tibia, particularly the medial condylar portion. Shaft portions of the bone plates extend from the head portions to support the head portion along a diaphysis of the tibia. The head portion can include thinned regions that allow the head portion to be shaped intraoperatively. The head portion can also include one or more fixation holes to receive drill guides, fasteners and the like. The shaft portion can also include one or more fixation holes, including round, oblong, multi-directional, and locking holes, compression slots and wire holes.

FIG. 1 is a schematic anterior view of left knee joint 10 showing conventional proximal tibia bone plate 12 mounted to a lateral side of tibia Ti. Knee joint 10 also includes femur Fe, patella Pa and fibula Fi. Proximal tibia bone plate 12 includes head portion 14 that connects to the metaphysis of tibia Ti, and shaft portion 16 that connects to the diaphysis of tibia Ti. Fasteners 18 are inserted through bores 20 within bone plate 12 to affix bone plate 12 to tibia Ti.

Tibia Ti includes fractures 22 A and 22 B such that bone fragments 24 A and 24 B of tibia Ti are produced, such as after tibia Ti has been subjected to a trauma. Conventional bone plates, as shown, require a surgeon to insert a plurality of fasteners 18 to reach all of the bone fragments. This sometimes requires the use of long fasteners to reach inaccessible fragments, such as fragment 24 A, which is not directly reachable by proximal lateral bone plate 12 . Furthermore, it is sometimes difficult to access various portions of tibia Ti due to the presence of muscle and operating room equipment. For example, the posterior side of tibia Ti is difficult to access due to the location of the calf muscle and the operating room table. Thus, it can be difficult to stabilize each of the portions of the proximal portion of tibia Ti, such as lateral condyle 26 L, medial condyle 26 M, Gurdy's Tubercle 28 G and tibial tubercle 28 T.

FIG. 2A is a front view of anterior medial standard-sized bone plate 30 , which can include proximal head 32 , distal shaft 34 and strut 36 . FIG. 2B is a side view of anterior medial standard-sized bone plate 30 of FIG. 2A . FIGS. 2A and 2B are discussed concurrently. FIGS. 2A and 2B show bone plate 30 as being a left-hand specific bone plate. However, bone plate 30 can be configured as a right-hand specific bone plate, such as by producing a bone plate that is a mirror image of bone plate 30 .

Proximal head 32 can be shaped to conform to a proximal medial portion of tibia Ti. In particular, proximal head 32 can be configured to conform to the anterior portion of medial condyle 26 M of tibia Ti. Proximal head 32 can extend from first head end 38 A to second head end 38 B. In one example, proximal head 32 can be 2 mm thick.

Distal shaft 34 can extend from first shaft end 40 A to second shaft end 40 B. Distal shaft 34 can be configured to mate with an anterior medial face of the diaphysis of tibia Ti. In one example, distal shaft 34 can be 3 mm thick.

Proximal head 32 can be elongated along first axis A 1 and distal shaft 34 can be elongated along second axis A 2 , which can be perpendicular, or near perpendicular, to first axis A 1 . In one example, proximal head 32 is approximately 30 mm long along first axis A 1 . In another example, a wide variant may be provided in which proximal head 32 is approximately 40 mm long along first axis A 1 . In such a wide variant, the lengths of thinned regions 44 A, 44 B, 44 C and 44 D may be increased to accommodate the wider size, thereby also increasing the footprint of interior region 42 . It has been found that those two head sizes can provide sufficient support to the vast majority of tibia sizes. In one example, distal shaft 34 has a length along second axis A 2 that is in the range of approximately 90 mm to approximately 360 mm in order to accommodate different sized tibias. It has been found that those shaft sizes can provide sufficient support to the vast majority of tibia sizes. In one example, distal shaft 34 is approximately 11.75 mm wide relative to second axis A 2 , and proximal head 32 is approximately 9 mm wide at hole portions 44 and approximately 2.5 mm wide at thinned regions 46 , relative to first axis A 1 . Strut 36 can connect proximal head 32 with distal shaft 34 to leave open interior region 42 .

As seen in FIG. 2B , proximal head 32 can be offset from distal shaft 34 via distance D 1 , as is represented by the offset between third axis A 3 of proximal head 32 and second axis A 2 of distal shaft 34 . In one example, distance D 1 can be approximately 10 mm. Such an offset has been found to be sufficient to wrap around the coronal curvature (i.e., curvature in a coronal plane) of the vast majority of medial condyles.

Proximal head 32 and strut 36 can each comprise at least one hole portion 44 flanked by at least one of thinned regions 46 . In the disclosed embodiment, proximal head 32 can have three hole portions 44 A, 44 B and 44 C, and strut 36 can have one hole portion 44 D. Thinned region 46 A can connect hole portion 44 A and hole portion 44 B. Thinned region 46 B can connect hole portion hole portion 44 B and hole portion 44 C. Thinned region 46 C can connect hole portion 44 C and hole portion 44 D. Thinned region 46 D can connect hole portion 44 D and distal shaft 34 . In particular, thinned region 46 D can connect to a mid-section of distal shaft 34 . Thinned region 46 E can connect hole portion 44 A and distal shaft 34 . In particular, thinned region 46 E can connect to first shaft end 40 A.

First head end 38 A can connect to first shaft end 40 A. First head end 38 A can extend generally perpendicularly from distal shaft 34 to the medial side of distal shaft 34 . Strut 36 can connect second head end 38 B and a mid-section of distal shaft 34 between first shaft end 40 A and second shaft end 40 B to form interior region 42 .

Bone plate 30 can include a plurality of holes to which various fasteners, pins and wires can be connected. Proximal head 32 can include three locking holes 48 A, 48 B and 48 C. Strut 36 can include locking hole 50 . Such a combination of locking holes has been found to be sufficient to reach the majority of the territory of medial condyle 26 M with fixation screws.

Distal shaft 34 can include locking holes 52 A, 52 B and 52 C, multi-directional hole 54 , compression slot 56 and wire holes 58 A and 58 B. Drill guides 60 A, 60 B, 60 C and 60 D are shown connected to locking holes 48 A, 48 B and 48 C, respectively. Drill guides 60 A- 60 D may comprise drill guides as described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,172,886 to Castaneda et al., which is hereby incorporated by this reference in its entirety for all purposes. In one example, each of locking holes 52 A- 52 C, multi-directional hole 54 and compression slot 56 can be spaced apart by 13 mm. It has been found that such combination of hole types and spacing allows bone plate 30 to be both easily mounted to tibia Ti and to provide sufficient support and reduction to proximal portions of tibia Ti anchored by distal shaft 34 .

Locking holes 48 A- 48 C, 50 and 52 A- 52 C can include a threaded bore that allows a threaded shaft of a fastener, such as fasteners 18 of FIG. 1 , to pass freely through. The threading of the bore is configured to engage mating threading on the head of the fastener in order to lock the fastener in place with a particular orientation relative to distal shaft 34 . In one example, locking holes 48 A- 48 C, 50 and 52 A- 52 C can be configured to receive fixed angle bone fasteners described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,317,842 to Graham et al., which is hereby incorporated by this reference in its entirety for all purposes. In one example, locking holes 48 A- 48 C, 50 and 52 A- 52 C can have a cone shaped and can be configured to accept A.L.P.S. 4.0/3.5 mm screws, which are commercially available from Biomet, Inc. The threading of the bore can also be configured to receive a threading on drill guides 60 A- 60 D.

Multi-directional hole 54 includes a countersink that allows the head of a fastener to recede into hole 54 while being angled relative to distal shaft 34 in a variety of orientations. Thus, multi-directional hole 54 does not lock a fastener into a particular orientation. As such, a surgeon can insert a fastener into hole 54 in a desired orientation to provide support to a specific region of a damaged tibia.

Compression slot 56 comprises an oblong bore, such as an oval or stretched circle, that is configured to receive a fastener and not lock the fastener into a particular orientation in addition to allowing the position of bone plate 30 to be adjusted while being held in place against tibia Ti. Compression slot 56 is also used to provide compression to aid in bone healing.

Wire holes 58 A and 58 B comprise through-bores that allow pins to be inserted into tibia Ti after the position of bone plate 30 is determined in order to allow other fasteners to be installed through locking holes 48 A- 48 C, 50 and 52 A- 52 C.

FIG. 3 is an anterior view of a proximal end of tibia T 1 to which bone plate 30 of FIGS. 2A and 2B is mounted. Proximal head 32 can extend across the anterior side of medial condyle 26 M of tibia Ti. Distal shaft 34 can extend across the anterior side of the diaphysis of tibia Ti. As discussed below, thinned regions 46 A- 46 E can be bent to conform to the various surfaces and contours of medial condyle 26 M.

In order to install bone plate 30 on a proximal portion of tibia Ti, a surgeon can first locate the general location on the anterior medial portion of tibia Ti to which bone plate 30 is to be fit. Once in a rough position, in one option, a hole can be drilled in the location of compression slot 56 . A fastener can be inserted through compression slot 56 and threaded into the drilled hole. In another option, wire holes 58 A and 58 B are first used to secure bone plate 30 to tibia Ti.

Next, hole portions 44 A- 44 D can be adjusted by bending thinned regions 46 A- 46 E. For example, thinned regions 46 A- 46 E can be bent to conform bone plate 30 to the contours of the anterior medial portion of tibia Ti. Drill guides 60 A- 60 C can be used to facilitate bending of bone plate 30 , as is described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,771,433 to Orbay, which is hereby incorporated by this reference in its entirety for all purposes.

Once bone plate 30 has been properly shaped, pins can be inserted into wire holes 58 A and 58 B to hold pone plate 30 in position while tibia Ti is prepared to receive fasteners through locking holes 48 A- 48 C, 50 and 52 A- 52 C, as well as through any non-locking compression and multi-directional holes. Kirschner wires (also known as “K-wires”) or pins can be used with wire holes 58 A and 58 B.

Drill guides can be coupled to locking holes 48 A- 48 C, 50 and 52 A- 52 C and holes can be drilled into tibia Ti in order to allow fasteners, such as fasteners 18 of FIG. 1 , to be screwed into the drilled bores and threaded into locking bores 48 A- 48 C, 50 and 52 A- 52 C after the drill guides are removed. A fastener need not be coupled to each of locking holes 48 A- 48 C, 50 and 52 A- 52 C. A fastener can be inserted into tibia Ti through compression slot 56 in an orientation desired by the surgeon to best secure bone plate 30 to tibia Ti.

Proximal head 32 , in conjunction with strut 36 , can provide direct support and reduction to medial condyle 26 M to reach bone fragments not directly reachable by bone plates secured to lateral condyle 26 L. The pre-shaping of proximal head 32 and distal shaft 34 allows bone plate 30 to cup medial condyle 26 M. For example, the offset produced by distance D 1 allows proximal head 32 to follow the contour of the anterior portion of medial condyle 26 M in order to permit distal shaft 34 to lie against the anterior portion of the diaphysis of tibia Ti. Furthermore, the contouring of proximal head 32 can be customized, such as intraoperatively, by bending of thinned regions 46 A- 46 E. Distal shaft 34 can extend straight down the shaft of tibia Ti to provide anchoring of bone plate 30 to an un-fractured or undamaged portion of tibia Ti.

FIG. 4A is a front view of posterior medial straight bone plate 130 , which can include proximal head 132 , distal shaft 134 and strut 136 . FIG. 4B is a side view of posterior medial straight bone plate 130 of FIG. 4A . FIG. 4C is a top view of posterior medial straight bone plate 130 of FIGS. 4A and 4B .

FIGS. 4A-4C are discussed concurrently. FIGS. 4A-4C show bone plate 130 as being a left-hand specific bone plate. However, bone plate 130 can be configured as a right-hand specific bone plate, such as by producing a bone plate that is a mirror image of bone plate 130 .

Proximal head 132 can be shaped to conform to a proximal posterior medial portion of tibia Ti. In particular, proximal head 132 can be configured to conform to the posterior portion of medial condyle 26 M of tibia Ti. Proximal head 132 can extend from first head end 138 A to second head end 138 B. In one example, proximal head 132 can be 2 mm thick.

Distal shaft 134 can extend from first shaft end 140 A to second shaft end 140 B. Distal shaft 134 can be configured to mate with a posterior medial face of the diaphysis of tibia Ti. In one example, distal shaft 134 can be 3 mm thick.

Proximal head 132 can be elongated along fourth axis A 4 and distal shaft 134 can be elongated along fifth axis A 5 , which can be perpendicular, or near perpendicular, to fourth axis A 4 . In other examples, proximal head 132 can be disposed at an angle relative to distal shaft 134 . In one example, proximal head 132 is approximately 38 mm long along fourth axis A 4 . It has been found that such a head size can provide sufficient support to the vast majority of tibia sizes. In one example, distal shaft 134 has a length along fifth axis A 5 that is in the range of approximately 90 mm to approximately 360 mm in order to accommodate different sized tibias. It has been found that such a shaft size can provide sufficient support to the vast majority of tibia sizes. In one example, distal shaft 134 is 10.75 mm wide relative to fifth axis A 5 , and proximal head 132 is approximately 9 mm wide at hole portions 144 and approximately 2.5 mm wide at thinned regions 146 , relative to fourth axis A 4 . Strut 136 can connect proximal head 132 with distal shaft 134 to leave open interior region 142 .

As seen in FIGS. 4B and 4C , proximal head 132 can be offset from distal shaft 134 via distance D 2 , as is represented by the offset between sixth axis A 6 of proximal head 132 and fifth axis A 5 of distal shaft 134 . In one example, distance D 2 is in the range of approximately 25 mm to approximately 35 mm. Such an offset has been found to be sufficient to wrap around the coronal curvature (i.e., curvature in a coronal plane) of the vast majority of medial condyles.

As seen in FIG. 4C , proximal head 132 also includes an arcuate shape that allows proximal head 132 to wrap around the transverse curvature (i.e., curvature in a transverse plane) of the vast majority of medial condyles. In one example, proximal head 132 sweeps about an arc having a radius that changes relative to fifth axis A 5 . In one example, the arc can have a radius that is in the range of radius R 1 A to radius R 1 B relative to fifth axis A 5 , wherein R 1 A to R 1 B can range from approximately 25 mm to approximately 35 mm along that arc.

Proximal head 132 and strut 136 can each comprise at least one hole portion 144 flanked by at least one of thinned regions 146 . In the disclosed embodiment, proximal head 132 can have four hole portions 144 A, 144 B, 144 C and 144 D, and strut 136 can have one hole portion 144 E. Thinned region 146 A can connect hole portion 144 A and hole portion 144 B. Thinned region 146 B can connect hole portion hole portion 144 B and hole portion 144 C. Thinned region 146 C can connect hole portion 144 C and hole portion 144 D. Thinned region 146 C can include scoring 162 , which allows hole portion 144 D to be more readily removed from hole portion 144 C, such as by weakening and subsequent snapping-off of hole portion 144 D by a surgeon or another person. Hole portion 144 D may alternatively be sawed off or cut off by a surgeon or another person. Thinned region 146 D can connect hole portion 144 C and hole portion 144 E. Thinned region 146 E can connect hole portion 144 E and distal shaft 134 . In particular, thinned region 146 E can connect to a mid-section of distal shaft 134 . Thinned region 146 F can connect hole portion 144 A and distal shaft 134 . In particular, thinned region 146 F can connect to first shaft end 140 A.

First head end 138 A can connect to first shaft end 140 A. First head end 138 A can extend generally perpendicularly from distal shaft 134 to the medial side of distal shaft 134 . Strut 136 can connect a mid-section of proximal head 132 between first head end 138 A and second head end 138 B and a mid-section of distal shaft 134 between first shaft end 140 A and second shaft end 140 B to form interior region 142 .

Bone plate 130 can include a plurality of holes to which various fasteners, pins and wires can be connected. Proximal head 132 can include four locking holes 148 A, 148 B, 148 C and 48 D. Strut 136 can include locking hole 150 . Such a combination of locking holes has been found to be sufficient to reach the majority of the territory of medial condyle 26 M with a fixation screw.

Distal shaft 134 can include locking holes 152 A, 152 B and 152 C, multi-directional hole 154 , compression slot 156 and wire holes 158 A and 158 B. Drill guides 160 A, 160 B, 160 C, 160 D and 160 E are shown connected to locking holes 148 A, 148 B, 148 C and 148 D, respectively. Drill guides 160 A- 160 D may comprise drill guides as described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,172,886 to Castaneda et al., which is hereby incorporated by this reference in its entirety for all purposes. In one example, each of locking holes 152 A- 152 C, multi-directional hole 154 and compression slot 156 can be spaced apart by 13 mm. It has been found that such combination of hole types and spacing allows bone plate 130 to be both easily mounted to tibia Ti and to provide sufficient support and reduction to proximal portions of tibia Ti anchored by distal shaft 134 .

Locking holes 148 A- 148 D, 150 and 152 A- 152 C can include a threaded bore that allows a threaded shaft of a fastener, such as fasteners 18 of FIG. 1 , to pass freely through. The threading of the bore is configured to engage mating threading on the head of the fastener in order to lock the fastener in place with a particular orientation relative to distal shaft 134 . In one example, locking holes 148 A- 148 D, 150 and 152 A- 152 C can be configured to receive fixed angle bone fasteners described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,317,842 to Graham et al., which is hereby incorporated by this reference in its entirety for all purposes. In one example, locking holes 148 A- 148 D, 150 and 152 A- 152 C can have a cone shaped and can be configured to accept A.L.P.S. 4.0/3.5 mm screws, which are commercially available from Biomet, Inc. The threading of the bore can also be configured to receive a threading on drill guides 160 A- 160 E.

Multi-directional hole 154 includes a countersink that allows the head of a fastener to recede into hole 154 while being angled relative to distal shaft 134 in a variety of orientations. Thus, multi-directional hole 154 does not lock a fastener into a particular orientation. As such, a surgeon can insert a fastener into hole 154 in a desired orientation to provide support to a specific region of a damaged tibia.

Compression slot 156 comprises an oblong bore, such as an oval or stretched circle, that is configured to receive a fastener and not lock the fastener into a particular orientation in addition to allowing the position of bone plate 130 to be adjusted while being held in place against tibia Ti. Compression slot 156 is also used to provide compression to aid in bone healing.

Wire holes 158 A and 158 B comprise through-bores that allow pins to be inserted into tibia Ti after the position of bone plate 130 is determined in order to allow other fasteners to be installed through locking holes 148 A- 148 D, 150 and 152 A- 152 C.

FIG. 5A is a posterior view of a proximal end of tibia Ti to which posterior medial straight bone plate 130 of FIGS. 4A-4C is mounted. FIG. 5B is a medial view of tibia Ti and bone plate 130 of FIG. 5A . Proximal head 132 can extend across the posterior side of medial 26 M condyle of tibia Ti. Distal shaft 134 can extend across the posterior side of the diaphysis of tibia Ti. As discussed below, thinned regions 146 A- 146 F can be bent to conform to the various surfaces and contours of the medial condyle 26 M.

In order to install bone plate 130 on a proximal portion of tibia Ti, a surgeon can first locate the general location on the posterior medial portion of tibia Ti to which bone plate 130 is to be fit. Once in a rough position, in one option, a hole can be drilled in the location of compression slot 156 . A fastener can be inserted through compression slot 156 and threaded into the drilled hole. In another option, In another option, wire holes 158 A and 158 B are first used to secure bone plate 130 to tibia Ti.

Next, hole portions 144 A- 144 E can be adjusted by bending thinned regions 46 A- 46 F. For example, thinned regions 146 A- 146 F can be bent to conform bone plate 130 to the contours of the posterior medial portion of tibia Ti. Drill guides 160 A- 160 D can be used to facilitate bending of bone plate 130 , as is described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,771,433 to Orbay, which is hereby incorporated by this reference in its entirety for all purposes.

Once bone plate 130 has been properly shaped, pins can be inserted into wire holes 158 A and 158 B to hold bone plate 130 in position while tibia Ti is prepared to receive fasteners through locking holes 148 A- 48 D, 150 and 152 A- 152 C, as well as through any multi-directional and non-locking compression holes. Kirschner wires (also known as “K-wires”) or pins can be used with wire holes 158 A and 158 B.

Drill guides can be coupled to locking holes 148 A- 148 D, 150 and 152 A- 152 C and holes are drilled into tibia Ti in order to allow fasteners, such as fasteners 18 of FIG. 1 , to be screwed into the drilled bores and threaded into locking bores 148 A- 148 D, 150 and 152 A- 152 C after the drill guides are removed. A fastener need not be coupled to each of locking holes 148 A- 148 DC, 150 and 152 A- 152 C. A fastener can be inserted into tibia Ti through compression slot 156 in an orientation desired by the surgeon to best secure bone plate 130 to tibia Ti.

Proximal head 132 , in conjunction with strut 136 , can provide direct support and reduction to medial condyle 26 M to reach bone fragments not directly reachable by bone plates secured to lateral condyle 26 L. The pre-shaping of proximal head 132 and distal shaft 134 allows bone plate 130 to cup medial condyle 26 M. For example, the offset produced by distance D 2 and the curvature produced by radii R 1 A and R 1 B allow proximal head 132 to follow the contour of the posterior portion of medial condyle 26 M in order to permit distal shaft 134 to lie against the posterior portion of the diaphysis of tibia Ti. Furthermore, the contouring of proximal head 132 can be customized, such as intraoperatively, by bending of thinned regions 146 A- 146 F. Distal shaft 134 can extend straight down the posterior medial face of the shaft of tibia Ti to provide anchoring of bone plate 130 to an un-fractured or undamaged portion of tibia Ti.

FIG. 6A is a front view of posterior medial curved bone plate 230 , which can include proximal head 232 , distal shaft 234 and strut 236 . FIG. 6B is a side view of posterior medial curved plate 230 of FIG. 6A . FIG. 6C is a top view of posterior medial curved plate 230 of FIGS. 6A and 6B . FIGS. 6A-6C are discussed concurrently. FIGS. 6A-6C show bone plate 230 as being a left-hand specific bone plate. However, bone plate 230 can be configured as a right-hand specific bone plate, such as by producing a bone plate that is a mirror image of bone plate 230 .

Proximal head 232 can be shaped to conform to a proximal posterior medial portion of tibia Ti. In particular, proximal head 232 can be configured to conform to the posterior portion of medial condyle 26 M of tibia Ti. Proximal head 232 can extend from first head end 238 A to second head end 238 B. In one example, proximal head 232 can be 2 mm thick.

Distal shaft 234 can extend from first shaft end 240 A to second shaft end 240 B. In one example, distal shaft 234 can be 3 mm thick. Bone plate 230 is similar to bone plate 130 of FIGS. 4A-5B in features except for the shaping of distal shaft 234 . Distal shaft 234 is curved so that it can mate with an anterior medial face of the diaphysis of tibia Ti, rather than a posterior medial face of tibia Ti as is distal shaft 134 of FIG. 5A and 5B . Additionally, the spacing of holes 254 , 256 and 252 A- 252 C along distal shaft 234 differs from that of distal shaft 134 .

Distal shaft 234 includes distal straight portion 264 , curved portion 266 , middle straight portion 268 , twisted portion 270 and proximal straight portion 272 .

Proximal head 232 can extend along seventh axis A 7 . Distal straight portion 264 of distal shaft 234 can extend along eighth axis A 8 and middle straight portion 268 can extend along ninth axis A 9 . Curved portion 266 can extend from distal straight portion 264 and can have a radius of curvature R 2 . In one example, radius R 2 is in the range of approximately 10 mm to approximately 15 mm. Curved portion 266 can position middle straight portion 268 along ninth axis A 9 such that middle straight portion 268 and distal straight portion 264 , i.e., ninth axis A 9 and seventh axis A 7 , are disposed at angle σ1 to each other that can be approximately 50 degrees. In one example, distal straight portion 264 , curved portion 266 and middle straight portion 268 are all not in the same plane.

Twisted portion 270 can extend from middle straight portion 268 to rotate proximal straight portion 272 about ninth axis A 9 . In one example, twisted portion 270 can be configured to rotate proximal straight portion 272 relative to the plane in which distal straight portion 264 is disposed.

As seen in FIGS. 6B and 6C , proximal head 232 can be offset from distal shaft 234 via distance D 3 , as is represented by the offset between tenth axis A 10 of proximal head 232 and eighth axis A 8 of distal shaft 234 . In one example, distance D 3 is in the range of approximately 45 mm to approximately 50 mm. Such an offset has been found to be sufficient to wrap around the coronal curvature (i.e., curvature in a coronal plane) of the vast majority of medial condyles.

Proximal straight portion 272 can be positioned to connect with proximal head 232 and strut 236 such that proximal head 232 can be disposed horizontally across medial condyle 26 M ( FIG. 1 ).

Proximal head 232 can have a curvature similar to that of proximal head 132 in FIG. 4C . As seen in FIG. 6C , proximal head 232 also includes an arcuate shape that allows proximal head 232 to wrap around the transverse curvature (i.e., curvature in a transverse plane) of the vast majority of medial condyles. In one example, proximal head 232 sweeps about an arc having a radius that changes relative to axis ASB. In one example, the arc can have a radius that is in the range of radius R 3 A to radius R 3 B relative to axis A 5 B, wherein R 3 A to R 3 B can range from approximately 25 mm to approximately 35 mm along that arc.

FIG. 7A is a posterior view of a proximal end of tibia Ti to which posterior medial curved plate 230 of FIGS. 6A-6C is mounted. FIG. 7B is a medial view of tibia Ti and bone plate 230 of FIG. 7A .

Proximal head 232 can extend across the posterior side of medial condyle 26 M of tibia Ti. Distal shaft 234 can extend across the posterior side of the diaphysis of tibia Ti. As discussed below, thinned regions 246 A- 246 F can be bent to conform to the various surfaces and contours of the medial condyle 26 M. Proximal head 232 , in conjunction with strut 236 , can provide direct support and reduction to medial condyle 26 M to reach bone fragments not directly reachable by bone plates secured to lateral condyle 26 L. The pre-shaping of proximal head 232 and distal shaft 234 allows bone plate 230 to cup medial condyle 26 M. For example, the offset produced by distance D 3 and the curvatures produced by radii R 2 , R 3 A and R 3 B allow proximal head 232 to follow the contour of the posterior portion of medial condyle 26 M in order to permit proximal straight portion 272 of distal shaft 234 to lie against the anterior portion of the diaphysis of tibia Ti. Furthermore, the contouring of proximal head 232 can be customized, such as intraoperatively, by bending of thinned regions 246 A- 246 F. Curved portion 266 and twisted portion 270 allow distal straight portion 264 of distal shaft 234 to extend straight down the anterior medial face of the shaft of tibia Ti to provide anchoring of bone plate 230 to an un-fractured or undamaged portion of tibia Ti.

FIG. 8A is a front view of direct medial bone plate 330 . FIG. 8B is a top view of direct medial bone plate 330 of FIG. 8A , which can include proximal head 332 , distal shaft 334 and struts 336 A and 336 B. FIGS. 8A and 8B are discussed concurrently. FIGS. 8A and 8B show bone plate 330 as being a left-hand specific bone plate. However, bone plate 330 can be configured as a right-hand specific bone plate, such as by producing a bone plate that is a mirror image of bone plate 330 .

Proximal head 332 can include posterior and anterior wings 374 A and 374 B and can be shaped to conform to a proximal medial portion of tibia Ti. In particular, proximal head 332 can be configured to conform to the direct medial portion of medial condyle 26 M of tibia Ti. Proximal head 332 can extend from first head end 338 A to second head end 338 B. In one example, proximal head 332 can be 2 mm thick.

Distal shaft 334 can extend from first shaft end 340 A to second shaft end 340 B. Distal shaft 334 can be configured to mate with a medial face of the diaphysis of tibia Ti. Distal shaft 334 can include distal straight portion 376 , curved portion 378 and proximal straight portion 380 . Distal straight portion 376 can be configured to be placed on an anterior medial face of tibia Ti, while curved portion can be configured to wrap around tibia Ti so that proximal straight portion 380 can be configured to be placed directly on the medial portion of medial condyle 26 M.

Curved portion 378 extends from distal straight portion 376 and has a radius of curvature R 5 . In one example, radius R 5 is in the range of approximately 25 mm to approximately 30 mm. Curved portion 378 position and distal straight portion 376 can be disposed at an angle σ2 to each other that can be approximately 140 degrees. In one example, distal straight portion 376 , curved portion 378 and proximal straight portion 380 can be in the same plane. In one example, distal shaft 334 can be 3 mm thick.

Proximal head 332 can be elongated along eleventh axis A 11 and distal shaft 334 can be elongated along twelfth axis A 12 which can be perpendicular to eleventh axis A 11 . In other examples, proximal head 332 can be disposed at an angle relative to distal shaft 334 . In one example, proximal head 332 is approximately 51 mm long along eleventh axis A 11 . It has been found that such a head size can provide sufficient support to the vast majority of tibia sizes. In one example, distal shaft 334 has a length along twelfth axis A 12 that is in the range of approximately 83 mm to approximately 320 mm in order to accommodate different sized tibias. It has been found that such shaft sizes can provide sufficient support to the vast majority of tibia sizes. In one example, distal shaft 334 is 10.75 mm wide relative to twelfth axis A 12 , and proximal head 332 is approximately 9 mm wide at hole portions 344 and approximately 2.5 mm wide at thinned regions 346 , relative to eleventh axis A 11 . Strut 336 can connect proximal head 332 with distal shaft 334 to leave open interior region 342 .

As seen in FIG. 8A , proximal head 332 can be offset from distal shaft 334 via distance D 4 , as is represented by the offset between thirteenth axis A 13 of proximal head 332 and twelfth axis A 12 of distal shaft 334 . In one example, distance D 4 is approximately 28 mm. Such an offset has been found to be sufficient to wrap around the transverse curvature (i.e., curvature in a transverse plane) of the vast majority of medial condyles.

As seen in FIG. 8B , proximal head 332 can be offset from distal shaft 334 via distance D 5 , as is represented by the offset between eleventh axis A 11 of proximal head 332 and twelfth axis A 12 of distal shaft 334 . In one example, distance D 5 is approximately 28 mm. Such an offset has been found to be sufficient to wrap around the coronal curvature (i.e., curvature in a coronal plane) of the vast majority of medial condyles.

As seen in FIG. 8B , proximal head 332 also includes an arcuate shape that allows proximal head 332 to wrap around the transverse curvature (i.e., curvature in a transverse plane) of the vast majority of medial condyles. In one example, proximal head 332 sweeps about an arc having a radius that changes relative to axis A 14 . In one example, the arc can have a radius that is in the range of radius R 4 A to radius R 4 B relative to axis A 14 , wherein R 4 A to R 4 B can range from approximately 25 mm to approximately 45 mm.

Proximal head 332 and strut 336 can each comprise at least one hole portion 344 flanked by at least one of thinned regions 346 . In the disclosed embodiment, proximal head 332 can have five hole portions 344 A- 344 E, and struts 336 A and 336 B can have one hole portion 344 F and 344 G, respectively.

Thinned region 346 A can connect hole portion 344 A and hole portion 344 B. Thinned region 346 B can connect hole portion hole portion 344 B and hole portion 344 C. Thinned region 346 C can connect hole portion 344 C and hole portion 344 D. Thinned region 346 D can connect hole portion 344 D and hole portion 344 E.

Thinned region 346 E can connect hole portion 344 B and hole portion 344 G. Thinned region 346 F can connect hole portion 344 G and distal shaft 334 . In particular, thinned region 346 F can connect to a mid-section of distal shaft 334 .

Thinned region 346 G can connect hole portion 344 D and hole portion 344 H. Thinned region 346 H can connect hole portion 344 H and distal shaft 334 . In particular, thinned region 346 H can connect to a mid-section of distal shaft 334 opposite thinned region 346 G.

Thinned region 346 I can connect hole portion 344 C with first shaft end 340 A of distal shaft 334 . Proximal head 332 can extend generally perpendicularly from distal shaft 334 to the medial and lateral sides of distal shaft 334 . Struts 336 A and 336 B can connect mid-sections of wings 374 A and 374 B to mid-sections of distal shaft 334 between first shaft end 340 A and second shaft end 340 B to form interior regions 342 A and 342 B.

Bone plate 330 can include a plurality of holes to which various fasteners, pins and wires can be connected. Proximal head 332 can include five locking holes 348 A- 348 E. Struts 336 A and 336 B can include locking holes 350 A and 350 B. Such a combination of locking holes has been found to be sufficient to reach the majority of all of the territory of medial condyle 26 M with a fixation screw.

Distal shaft 334 can include locking holes 352 A, 352 B and 352 C, multi-directional hole 354 , compression slot 356 and wire holes 358 A and 358 B. Drill guides 360 A- 360 G are shown connected to locking holes 348 A- 348 E, 350 A and 350 B, respectively. Drill guides 360 A- 360 G may comprise drill guides as described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,172,886 to Castaneda et al., which is hereby incorporated by this reference in its entirety for all purposes. It has been found that such combination of hole types allows bone plate 330 to be both easily mounted to tibia Ti and to provide sufficient support and reduction to proximal portions of tibia Ti anchored by distal shaft 334 .

Locking holes 348 A- 48 E, 350 A, 350 B and 352 A- 352 C function similarly to locking holes previously discussed herein and separate discussion is omitted for brevity.

Likewise, multi-directional hole 354 , compression slot 536 and wire holes 358 A and 358 B function similarly to the holes and slots previously discussed herein and separate discussion is omitted for brevity.

FIG. 9A is a medial view of a proximal end of tibia Ti to which direct medial bone plate 330 of FIGS. 8A and 8B is mounted. FIG. 9B is an anterior view of tibia Ti and bone plate 330 of FIG. 9A .

Proximal head 332 can extend across the direct medial side of medial 26 M condyle of tibia Ti. Distal shaft 334 can extend across the anterior medial side of the diaphysis of tibia Ti. As discussed below, thinned regions 346 A- 346 I can be bent to conform to the various surfaces and contours of the medial condyle 26 M. Proximal head 332 , in conjunction with struts 336 A 336 B, can provide direct support and reduction to medial condyle 26 M to reach bone fragments not directly reachable by bone plates secured to lateral condyle 26 L. The pre-shaping of proximal head 332 and distal shaft 334 allows bone plate 330 to cup medial condyle 26 M. For example, the offset produced by distances D 4 and D 5 and the curvature produced by radii R 5 , R 4 A and R 4 B allow proximal head 332 to follow the contour of the medial portion of medial condyle 26 M in order to permit proximal straight portion 380 of distal shaft 334 to lie against the direct medial portion of the metaphysis of tibia Ti. Furthermore, the contouring of proximal head 332 can be customized, such as intraoperatively, by bending of thinned regions 346 A- 346 I. Curved portion 378 allow distal straight portion 376 of distal shaft 334 to extend straight down the anterior medial face of the shaft of tibia Ti to provide anchoring of bone plate 330 to an un-fractured or undamaged portion of tibia Ti.

Additional Notes

The above detailed description includes references to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of the detailed description. The drawings show, by way of illustration, specific embodiments in which the invention can be practiced. These embodiments are also referred to herein as “examples.” Such examples can include elements in addition to those shown or described. However, the present inventors also contemplate examples in which only those elements shown or described are provided. Moreover, the present inventors also contemplate examples using any combination or permutation of those elements shown or described (or one or more aspects thereof), either with respect to a particular example (or one or more aspects thereof), or with respect to other examples (or one or more aspects thereof) shown or described herein.

In this document, the terms “a” or “an” are used, as is common in patent documents, to include one or more than one, independent of any other instances or usages of “at least one” or “one or more.” In this document, the term “or” is used to refer to a nonexclusive or, such that “A or B” includes “A but not B,” “B but not A,” and “A and B,” unless otherwise indicated. In this document, the terms “including” and “in which” are used as the plain-English equivalents of the respective terms “comprising” and “wherein.” Also, in the following claims, the terms “including” and “comprising” are open-ended, that is, a system, device, article, composition, formulation, or process that includes elements in addition to those listed after such a term in a claim are still deemed to fall within the scope of that claim. Moreover, in the following claims, the terms “first,” “second,” and “third,” etc. are used merely as labels, and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on their objects.

The above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. For example, the above-described examples (or one or more aspects thereof) may be used in combination with each other. Other examples can be used, such as by one of ordinary skill in the art upon reviewing the above description. The Abstract is provided to comply with 37 C.F.R. § 1.72(b), to allow the reader to quickly ascertain the nature of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. Also, in the above detailed description, various features may be grouped together to streamline the disclosure. This should not be interpreted as intending that an unclaimed disclosed feature is essential to any claim. Rather, inventive subject matter may lie in less than all features of a particular disclosed example. Thus, the following claims are hereby incorporated into the detailed description as examples or embodiments, with each claim standing on its own as a separate example, and it is contemplated that such examples can be combined with each other in various combinations or permutations. The scope of the invention should be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.