Display device and method of manufacturing the same

This application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2014-0028447, filed on Mar. 11, 2014, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

1. Field

The present disclosure relates to a display device and a method of manufacturing the same. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a display device having a curved shape and a method of manufacturing the display device.

2. Description of the Related Art

A liquid crystal display includes two transparent substrates and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the two transparent substrates. The liquid crystal display drives liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer to control a light transmittance in each pixel, thereby displaying a desired image.

Among various operation modes of the liquid crystal display, in a vertical alignment mode liquid crystal display, the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer are vertically (e.g., normally) aligned with respect to the two substrates when an electric field is formed between the two substrates, and the vertically aligned liquid crystal molecules transmit the light, to thereby display the image. The vertical alignment mode liquid crystal display includes liquid crystal domains required to align the liquid crystal molecules in different directions to improve a viewing angle of the liquid crystal display.

In recent years, a curved liquid crystal display has been developed. The curved liquid crystal display provides a user with a curved display panel, and thus the curved liquid crystal display provides the image having improved three-dimensional effect, immersiveness, and presence to the user.

Aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are directed toward a display device capable of preventing a misalignment between upper and lower substrates in a curved shape to improve a display quality thereof.

Aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are directed toward a method of manufacturing the display device.

Embodiments of the inventive concept provide a display device including a display substrate with a pixel and being curved along a first direction, an opposite substrate facing the display substrate, being coupled to the display substrate, and curved with the display substrate, a column spacer disposed between the display substrate and the opposite substrate to maintain a gap between the display substrate and the opposite substrate and including first and second spacers respectively disposed at left and right sides of a center line passing through a center portion of the display substrate along a second direction substantially vertical to the first direction, a first misalignment preventing layer disposed at a left side of the first spacer with respect to the center line, and a second misalignment preventing layer disposed at a right side of the second spacer with respect to the center line.

Embodiments of the inventive concept provide a method of manufacturing a display device, including forming a display substrate with a pixel disposed thereon, forming an opposite substrate including a column spacer, coupling the display substrate to the opposite substrate such that the column spacer is disposed between the display substrate and the opposite substrate to complete a display panel, and bending the display panel in a first direction to complete a curved display device. The column spacer includes first and second spacers respectively disposed at left and right sides of a center line passing through a center portion of the display substrate along a second direction substantially vertical (e.g., normal or perpendicular) to the first direction.

In one embodiment, the forming of the display substrate includes forming a first misalignment preventing layer disposed at a left side of the first spacer with respect to the center line and a second misalignment preventing layer disposed at a right side of the second spacer with respect to the center line.

According to the above and embodiments of the present disclosure, the curved display device includes the misalignment preventing layer engaged with the column spacer to prevent the misalignment between the display substrate and the opposite substrate. Therefore, a stress applied to the curved display panel, which is caused by bending the display panel, may be blocked by an engaging force between the misalignment preventing layer and the column spacer. As a result, the misalignment between the display substrate and the opposite substrate, which is caused by the variation in position of the column spacer, may be prevented.

In addition and according to embodiments of the present disclosure, since the misalignment preventing layer is formed without performing additional processes, the number of the manufacturing processes of the curved display device may be prevented from being increased.

The above and other advantages of the present disclosure will become readily apparent by reference to the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a curved display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the curved display device shown in FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view showing an area A 1 shown in FIG. 2 ;

FIG. 3B is a plan view showing a first spacer and a first misalignment preventing layer shown in FIG. 3A ;

FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view showing an area A 2 shown in FIG. 2 ;

FIG. 4B is a plan view showing a second spacer and a second misalignment preventing layer shown in FIG. 4A ;

FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view showing a first area according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5B is a plan view showing a first spacer and first and third misalignment preventing layers;

FIG. 5C is a plan view showing a second spacer and second and fourth misalignment preventing layers;

FIG. 6A is a plan view showing a fifth misalignment preventing layer and a first spacer according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 6B is a plan view showing a sixth misalignment preventing layer and a second spacer according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional view showing a first area according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view showing a second area according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a first area according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9A is a cross-sectional view showing a first area according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9B is a cross-sectional view showing a second area according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a first area according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 11A to 11C are cross-sectional views showing a manufacturing method of a display substrate according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 12A to 12C are cross-sectional views showing a manufacturing method of a display substrate according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 13A to 13C are cross-sectional views showing a manufacturing method of a display substrate according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 14 is a plan view showing a pixel disposed on a display substrate according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure; and

FIG. 15 is a view showing domains defined in a pixel area and liquid crystal alignment directions.

It will be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as being “on”, “connected to” or “coupled to” another element or layer, it can be directly on, connected or coupled to the other element or layer or intervening elements or layers may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on,” “directly connected to” or “directly coupled to” another element or layer, there are no intervening elements or layers present. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the present invention.

Spatially relative terms, such as “beneath”, “below”, “lower”, “downward”, “above”, “upper” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term “below” can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms, “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “includes” and/or “including”, when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a curved display device 500 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 1 , the curved display device 500 includes a display area DA in which an image is displayed and has a curved shape. Accordingly, the curved display device 500 displays the image having improved three-dimensional effect, immersiveness, and presence with the display area DA having the curved shape.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the curved display device 500 includes a display substrate 100 , an opposite substrate 300 , and a liquid crystal layer. The opposite substrate 300 faces the display substrate 100 while being coupled to the display substrate 100 , and the liquid crystal layer is interposed between the display substrate 100 and the opposite substrate 300 .

The curved display device 500 may further include other components besides the display substrate 100 and the opposite substrate 300 . For instance, the curved display device 500 may further include a backlight assembly that provides light to the display substrate 100 and the opposite substrate 300 , but the structure of the curved display device 500 should not be limited to the above-mentioned structure including the backlight assembly.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the curved display device 500 is curved along a first direction D 1 in a plane surface. Accordingly, a portion or all of the display substrate 100 has the curved shape along the first direction D 1 , and the display area DA has the curved shape along the first direction D 1 . In addition, the opposite substrate 300 has the curved shape corresponding to that of the display substrate 100 .

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the curved display device shown in FIG. 1 .

Referring to FIG. 2 , the curved display device 500 includes first and second areas A 1 and A 2 , which are divided with respect to a center line CL passing through a center portion of the curved display device 500 along a second direction D 2 substantially vertical to the first direction D 1 . The first area A 1 is located at a left side of the center line CL, and the second area A 2 is located at a right side of the center line CL.

The curved display device 500 includes a column spacer 330 interposed between the display substrate 100 and the opposite substrate 300 to form a gap between the display substrate 100 and the opposite substrate 300 . The column spacer 330 has a circular shape when viewed in a plan view and is uniformly distributed in the display area DA.

For the convenience of explanation, the column spacer 330 includes a first spacer 331 disposed in the first area A 1 and a second spacer 332 disposed in the second area A 2 according to a position thereof. Accordingly, the first and second spacers 331 and 332 have the same shape and function.

The curved display device 500 includes a first misalignment preventing layer 141 disposed adjacent to a left side of the first spacer 331 and a second misalignment preventing layer 142 disposed adjacent to a right side of the second spacer 332 .

Each of the first and second misalignment preventing layers 141 and 142 has a bar shape extending in (along) the second direction D 2 . In the present exemplary embodiment, a density of the first misalignment preventing layer 141 increases as a distance from the center line CL increases and a distance to the left side of the display area DA decreases, and a density of the second misalignment preventing layer 142 increases as a distance from the center line CL increases and a distance to the right side of the display area DA decreases. The increase in density refers to (means) that the number of the first and second misalignment preventing layers 141 and 142 increases.

Although not shown in figures, as another embodiment, the first misalignment preventing layer 141 may be arranged in the first area A 1 in a uniform density and the second misalignment preventing layer 142 may be arranged in the second area A 2 in a uniform density.

FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view showing an area A 1 shown in FIG. 2 , and FIG. 3B is a plan view showing a first spacer and a first misalignment preventing layer shown in FIG. 3A .

Referring to FIG. 3A , the display substrate 100 includes a first base substrate 110 , a gate metal layer GML disposed on the first base substrate 110 , a gate insulating layer 120 covering the gate metal layer GML, a data metal layer DML disposed on the gate insulating layer GML, and a color filter layer 130 covering the data metal layer DML.

The first base substrate 110 may be an insulating substrate having light transmitting and flexible properties, e.g., a plastic substrate. As another example, the first base substrate 110 may be a glass substrate. The gate metal layer GML includes a gate line and a gate electrode of a thin film transistor. The gate line is electrically connected to the gate electrode of the thin film transistor to apply a gate signal to the thin film transistor.

The gate insulating layer 120 is disposed on the first base substrate 110 to cover the gate metal layer GML. The gate insulating layer 120 includes an inorganic insulating material, e.g., silicon nitride, silicon oxide, etc.

The data metal layer DML is disposed on the gate insulating layer 120 . The data metal layer DML includes a data line, a source electrode of the thin film transistor, and a drain electrode of the thin film transistor. The data line is insulated from the gate line while crossing the gate line, and the source electrode and the drain electrode are disposed above the gate electrode. Although not shown in figures, a semiconductor pattern may be further disposed between the gate electrode and the source and drain electrodes.

The color filter layer 130 includes a plurality of color filters RC, GC, and BC. As an example, the color filter layer 130 includes red, green, and blue color filters RC, GC, and BC.

The first misalignment preventing layer 141 is disposed in the first area A 1 of the display substrate 100 . The first misalignment preventing layer 141 is disposed on one of the red, green, and blue color filters RC, GC, and BC. In the present exemplary embodiment, the first misalignment preventing layer 141 is disposed on the red color filter RC and formed of the blue color filter BC.

According to another embodiment, the first and second misalignment preventing layers 141 and 142 may be formed on the color filters RC, GC, and BC using (utilizing) separate process and material rather than the color filters RC, GC, and BC.

The opposite substrate 300 includes a second base substrate 310 facing the first base substrate 110 , a black matrix 320 disposed on the second base substrate 310 , and the first spacer 331 disposed on the black matrix 320 .

The second base substrate 310 may be an insulating substrate having light transmitting and flexible properties, e.g., a plastic substrate. The black matrix 320 includes a light blocking material and is disposed to correspond to at least one of the gate metal layer GML and the data metal layer DML.

The first spacer 331 is disposed on the black matrix 320 in the first area A 1 of the opposite substrate 300 . When the opposite substrate is coupled to the display substrate 100 , the first spacer 331 makes contact with the display substrate 100 , and thus the opposite substrate 300 is spaced apart from the display substrate 100 by a set or predetermined distance.

The display panel is curved in (along) the first direction D 1 after the opposite substrate 300 is coupled to the display substrate 100 , so that the display panel curved in (along) the first direction D 1 is manufactured.

In this case, due to the gap between the display substrate 100 and the opposite substrate 300 , a difference in curvature between the display substrate 100 and the opposite substrate 300 occurs and a misalignment is caused between the display substrate 100 and the opposite substrate 300 .

One sidewall of the first misalignment preventing layer 141 makes contact with an end portion of the first spacer 331 . Here, a stress applied to the curved display panel, which is caused by bending the display panel, may be blocked by an engaging force between the first misalignment preventing layer 141 and the first spacer 331 . Accordingly, the misalignment between the display substrate 100 and the opposite substrate 300 , which is caused by the stress, may be prevented.

As shown in FIG. 3B , the first misalignment preventing layer 141 is disposed adjacent to the one side of the first spacer 331 . The first misalignment preventing layer 141 is formed in the shape of a bar (has a bar shape) extending in (along) the second direction D 2 (refer to FIG. 2 ) to have a length L 1 larger than a diameter d 1 of the first spacer 331 , but the shape of the first misalignment preventing layer 141 should not be limited thereto or thereby.

The distance between the first misalignment preventing layer 141 and the first spacer 331 is about 5 micrometers before the display panel is bent. Then, when the curved display panel is manufactured, the first misalignment preventing layer 141 is engaged with the first spacer 331 and the alignment between the display substrate 100 and the opposite substrate 300 may be maintained at about 5 micrometers or less by the engaging force between the first misalignment preventing layer 141 and the first spacer 331 .

FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view showing an area A 2 shown in FIG. 2 , and FIG. 4B is a plan view showing a second spacer and a second misalignment preventing layer shown in FIG. 4A . In FIG. 4A , the same reference numerals denote the same elements in FIG. 3A , and thus detailed descriptions of the same elements will be omitted.

Referring to FIG. 4A , the color filter layer 130 includes a plurality of color filters RC, GC, and BC. As an example, the color filter layer 130 includes red, green, and blue color filters RC, GC, and BC.

The second misalignment preventing layer 142 is disposed in the second area A 2 of the display substrate 100 . The second misalignment preventing layer 142 is disposed on one of the red, green, and blue color filters RC, GC, and BC. In the present exemplary embodiment, the second misalignment preventing layer 142 is disposed on the red color filter RC and formed of the blue color filter BC.

The opposite substrate 300 includes the second spacer 332 disposed on the black matrix 320 in the second area A 2 . When the opposite substrate 300 is coupled to the display substrate 100 , the second spacer 332 makes contact with the display substrate 100 , and thus the opposite substrate 300 is spaced apart from the display substrate 100 by a set or predetermined distance.

The display panel is curved in the first direction D 1 after the opposite substrate 300 is coupled to the display substrate 100 , so that the display panel curved in the first direction D 1 is manufactured.

In this case, one sidewall of the second misalignment preventing layer 142 makes contact with an end portion of the second spacer 332 . Here, a stress applied to the curved display panel, which is caused by bending the display panel, may be blocked by an engaging force between the second misalignment preventing layer 142 and the second spacer 332 . Therefore, the misalignment between the display substrate 100 and the opposite substrate 300 , which is caused by the stress, may be prevented.

As shown in FIG. 4B , the second misalignment preventing layer 142 is disposed adjacent to the one side of the second spacer 332 . The second misalignment preventing layer 142 has the bar shape extending in (along) the second direction D 2 (refer to FIG. 2 ) to have a length L 2 larger than a diameter d 2 of the second spacer 332 , but the shape of the second misalignment preventing layer 142 should not be limited thereto or thereby.

The first and second spacers 331 and 332 may have the same diameter d 1 and d 2 , and in this case, the first and second misalignment preventing layers 141 and 142 may have the same length.

As shown in FIG. 2 , when the display panel is curved along the first direction D 1 , the stress is increased as a distance between the center line CL and the left side and a distance between the center line CL and the right side is decreased. Thus, the number of the first misalignment preventing layers 141 is increased as the first misalignment preventing layers 141 get closer to the left side of the first area A 1 from the center line CL and the number of the second misalignment preventing layers 142 is increased as the second misalignment preventing layers 142 get closer to the right side of the second area A 2 from the center line CL. When the number of the first and second misalignment preventing layers 141 and 142 is increased, the blocking capability of the first and second misalignment preventing layers 141 and 142 may be improved to block the movement of the first and second spacers 331 and 332 . Accordingly, the degree of the misalignment between the display substrate 100 and the opposite substrate 300 may be prevented from increasing in the left and right sides of the curved display panel.

The distance between the second misalignment preventing layer 142 and the second spacer 332 is about 5 micrometers before the display panel is bent. Then, when the curved display panel is manufactured, the second misalignment preventing layer 142 is engaged with the second spacer 332 and the alignment between the display substrate 100 and the opposite substrate 300 may be maintained at about 5 micrometers or less by the engaging force between the second misalignment preventing layer 142 and the second spacer 332 .

FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view showing a first area according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, FIG. 5B is a plan view showing a first spacer and first and third misalignment preventing layers, and FIG. 5C is a plan view showing a second spacer and second and fourth misalignment preventing layers. In FIG. 5A , the same reference numerals denote the same elements in FIG. 3A , and thus detailed descriptions of the same elements will be omitted.

Referring to FIG. 5A , the color filter layer 130 includes a plurality of color filters RC, GC, and BC. As an example, the color filter layer 130 includes red, green and blue color filters RC, GC, and BC.

The third misalignment preventing layer 143 may be further disposed in the first area A 1 of the display substrate 100 , which is substantially in parallel to the first misalignment preventing layer 141 . The end portion of the first spacer 331 is inserted into between the first and third misalignment preventing layers 141 and 143 .

The first and third misalignment preventing layers 141 and 143 are disposed on one of the red, green, and blue color filters RC, GC, and BC. As an example, the first and third misalignment preventing layers 141 and 143 are disposed on the red color filter RC and formed of the blue color filter BC.

When the opposite substrate is coupled to the display substrate 100 , the first spacer 331 disposed on the opposite substrate 300 makes contact with the display substrate 100 , and thus the opposite substrate 300 is spaced apart from the display substrate 100 by a set or predetermined distance.

The display panel is bent in (along) the first direction D 1 after the opposite substrate 300 is coupled to the display substrate 100 , so that the display panel curved in (along) the first direction D 1 is manufactured.

In this case, one sidewall of the first misalignment preventing layer 141 and one sidewall of the third misalignment preventing layer 143 make contact with the end portion of the first spacer 331 . Therefore, the end portion of the first spacer 331 is fixed between the first and third misalignment preventing layers 141 and 143 , and thus the first spacer 331 moves within the predetermined range even though the stress is applied to the first spacer 331 . Thus, the misalignment between the display substrate 100 and the opposite substrate 300 , which is caused by the stress, may be prevented.

As shown in FIG. 5B , the first and third misalignment preventing layers 141 and 143 are disposed at both sides of the first spacer 331 and are symmetrical with each other with respect to an imaginary line passing through the center portion of the first spacer 331 and extending in (along) the second direction D 2 (refer to FIG. 2 ).

As shown in FIG. 5C , the fourth misalignment preventing layer 144 may be further disposed in the second area A 2 of the display substrate 100 , which is substantially in parallel to the second misalignment preventing layer 142 . The end portion of the second spacer 332 is inserted into between the second and fourth misalignment preventing layers 142 and 144 . That is, the second and fourth misalignment preventing layers 142 and 144 are disposed at both sides of the second spacer 332 and are symmetrical with each other with respect to an imaginary line passing through the center portion of the second spacer 332 and extending in (along) the second direction D 2 .

FIG. 6A is a plan view showing a fifth misalignment preventing layer and a first spacer according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, and FIG. 6B is a plan view showing a sixth misalignment preventing layer and a second spacer according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 6A , the fifth misalignment preventing layer 145 is disposed on at least one of the red, green, and blue color filters RC, GC, and BC and has a closed loop shape in which a first receiving recess 145 a is formed to accommodate the end portion of the first spacer 331 . When the fifth misalignment preventing layer 145 is disposed on the red color filter RC, the fifth misalignment preventing layer 145 is formed of one of the green and blue color filters GC and BC or formed by patterning a separate material.

The first receiving recess 145 a has a width w 1 greater than a diameter d 1 of the first spacer 331 .

Referring to FIG. 6B , the sixth misalignment preventing layer 146 is disposed on at least one of the red, green, and blue color filters RC, GC, and BC and has a closed loop shape in which a second receiving recess 146 a is formed to accommodate the end portion of the second spacer 332 . When the sixth misalignment preventing layer 146 is disposed on the red color filter RC, the sixth misalignment preventing layer 146 is formed of one of the green and blue color filters GC and BC or formed by patterning a separate material.

The second receiving recess 146 a has a width w 2 greater than a diameter d 2 of the second spacer 332 .

As described above, when the fifth and sixth misalignment preventing layers 145 and 146 have the closed loop shape to respectively surround the first and second spacers 331 and 332 , the first and second spacers 331 and 332 are stably held in the first and second areas regardless of the direction in which the curved display panel is curved. Accordingly, the end portions of the first and second spacers 331 and 332 are respectively fixed to the fifth and sixth misalignment preventing layers 145 and 146 and move in the predetermined range even though the stress caused by the bending of the curved display panel is applied thereto. Therefore, the misalignment between the display substrate 100 and the opposite substrate 300 , which is caused by the stress, may be prevented.

FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional view showing a first area according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, and FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view showing a second area according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. In FIGS. 7A and 7B , the same reference numerals denote the same elements in FIGS. 3A and 4A , and thus detailed descriptions of the same elements will be omitted.

Referring to FIG. 7A , the first misalignment preventing layer 141 is disposed in the first area A 1 of the display substrate 100 . The first misalignment preventing layer 141 is protruded from one of the red, green, and blue color filters RC, GC, and BC. As an example, the first misalignment preventing layer 141 is protruded from an upper surface of the red color filter RC and integrally formed with the red color filter RC.

Referring to FIG. 7B , the second misalignment preventing layer 142 is disposed in the second area A 2 of the display substrate 100 . The second misalignment preventing layer 142 is protruded from one of the red, green, and blue color filters RC, GC, and BC. As an example, the second misalignment preventing layer 142 is protruded from an upper surface of the red color filter RC and integrally formed with the red color filter RC.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a first area according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 8 , a seventh misalignment preventing layer 147 is disposed in the first area A 1 of the display substrate 100 . The seventh misalignment preventing layer 147 is formed by recessing a portion of one color filter of the red, green, and blue color filters RC, GC, and BC. As an example, the seventh misalignment preventing layer 147 is recessed downward (into the red color filter RC) from the upper surface of the red color filter RC by a set or predetermined depth and has a rectangular shape when viewed in a plan view. Here, it should be apparent that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, “downward” would then be “upward”.

As described above, the seventh misalignment preventing layer 147 is formed in the red color filter RC to have the recess shape, and thus the seventh misalignment preventing layer 147 accommodates the end portion of the first spacer 331 . Although not shown in FIG. 8 , an eighth misalignment preventing layer may be provided to the second area A 2 of the display substrate 100 to have the recess shape, so that the eighth misalignment preventing layer may accommodate the end portion of the second spacer 332 .

The end portions of the first and second spacers 331 and 332 , which are respectively accommodated in the seventh misalignment preventing layer 147 and the eighth misalignment preventing layer, are guided by the sidewall of the red color filter RC, which defines the recess, and thus the misalignment between the display substrate 100 and the opposite substrate 300 , which is caused by the stress, may be prevented.

FIG. 9A is a cross-sectional view showing a first area according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, and FIG. 9B is a cross-sectional view showing a second area according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 9A , a display substrate 100 includes a first base substrate 110 , a gate metal layer GML disposed on the first base substrate 110 , a gate insulating layer 120 covering the gate metal layer GML, a data metal layer DML disposed on the gate insulating layer GML, and an organic insulating layer 150 covering the data metal layer DML.

The organic insulating layer 150 includes a transparent organic insulating material, e.g., an acrylic-based resin.

A ninth misalignment preventing layer 161 is disposed in the first area A 1 of the display substrate 100 . The ninth misalignment preventing layer 161 is protruded from an upper surface of the organic insulating layer 150 toward the opposite substrate 300 . That is, the ninth misalignment preventing layer 161 is integrally formed with the organic insulating layer 150 .

The opposite substrate 300 includes a second base substrate 310 facing the first base substrate 110 , a black matrix 320 disposed on the second base substrate 310 , a color filter layer 340 disposed to overlap with the black matrix 320 , and a first spacer 331 disposed on the color filter layer 340 .

The color filter layer 340 includes red, green, and blue color filters RC, GC, and BC. The first spacer 331 is disposed on at least one of the red, green, and blue color filters RC, GC, and BC. As an example, the first spacer 331 is disposed on the red color filter RC.

One sidewall of the ninth misalignment preventing layer 161 makes contact with an end portion of the first spacer 331 . Here, a stress applied to the curved display panel, which is caused by the bending of the display panel, may be blocked by an engaging force between the ninth misalignment preventing layer 161 and the first spacer 331 . Accordingly, the misalignment between the display substrate 100 and the opposite substrate 300 , which is caused by the stress, may be prevented.

Referring to FIG. 9B , a tenth misalignment preventing layer 162 is disposed in the second area A 2 of the display substrate 100 . The tenth misalignment preventing layer 162 is protruded from the upper surface of the organic insulating layer 150 toward the opposite substrate 300 . That is, the tenth misalignment preventing layer 162 is integrally formed with the organic insulating layer 150 .

The opposite substrate 300 includes a second spacer 332 disposed on at least one of the red, green, and blue color filters RC, GC, and BC. As an example, the second spacer 332 is disposed on the red color filter RC.

One sidewall of the tenth misalignment preventing layer 162 makes contact with an end portion of the second spacer 332 . Here, a stress applied to the curved display panel, which is caused by the bending of the display panel, may be blocked by an engaging force between the tenth misalignment preventing layer 162 and the second spacer 332 . Therefore, the misalignment between the display substrate 100 and the opposite substrate 300 , which is caused by the stress, may be prevented.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a first area according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. In FIG. 10 , the same reference numerals denote the same elements in FIG. 9A , and thus detailed descriptions of the same elements will be omitted.

Referring to FIG. 10 , an eleventh misalignment preventing layer 163 is disposed in the first area A 1 of the display substrate 100 . The eleventh misalignment preventing layer 163 is recessed in the organic insulating layer 150 to have a concave pattern. As an example, the eleventh misalignment preventing layer 163 is recessed downward from the upper surface of the organic insulating layer 150 by a set or predetermined depth and has a rectangular shape when viewed in a plan view.

As described above, the eleventh misalignment preventing layer 163 is formed in the organic insulating layer 150 to have the recess shape, and thus the eleventh misalignment preventing layer 163 accommodates the end portion of the first spacer 331 . Although not shown in FIG. 10 , a twelfth misalignment preventing layer may be provided to the second area A 2 of the display substrate 100 to have the recess shape, so that the twelfth misalignment preventing layer may accommodate the end portion of the second spacer 332 .

The end portions of the first and second spacers 331 and 332 , which are respectively accommodated in the eleventh misalignment preventing layer 163 and the twelfth misalignment preventing layer, are guided by the sidewall of the organic insulating layer 150 , which defines the recess, and thus the misalignment between the display substrate 100 and the opposite substrate 300 , which is caused by the stress, may be prevented.

FIGS. 11A to 11C are cross-sectional views showing a manufacturing method of a display substrate according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 11A , the gate metal layer GML is disposed on the first base substrate 110 , the gate insulating layer 120 is formed on the first base substrate 110 to cover the gate metal layer GML, and the data metal layer DML is formed on the gate insulating layer GML. The data metal layer DML may have a double-layer structure.

One of the red, green, and blue color filters RC, GC, and BC, e.g., the red color filter RC, is formed on the data metal layer DML and the gate insulating layer 120 .

Referring to FIG. 11B , another one of the red, green, and blue color filters RC, GC, and BC, e.g., the green color filter GC, is formed on the data metal layer DML and the gate insulating layer 120 . The green color filter GC is partially overlapped with the red color filter RC in a boundary of the pixel area.

Referring to FIG. 11C , the other one of the red, green, and blue color filters RC, GC, and BC, e.g., the blue color filter BC, is formed on the data metal layer DML and the gate insulating layer 120 , and thus the color filter layer 130 is completed. The blue color filter BC is partially overlapped with the red and green color filters RC and GC in the boundary of the pixel area.

In addition, the blue color filter BC is formed on the red color filter RC to form the first misalignment preventing layer 141 .

In one embodiment, the second misalignment preventing layer 142 may be substantially and simultaneously formed with the first misalignment preventing layer 141 through the same process.

As described above, the first and second misalignment preventing layers 141 and 142 are formed together with the color filters RC, GC, and BC without performing additional processes, and thus the number of the manufacturing processes of the display substrate may be prevented from being increased.

FIGS. 12A to 12C are cross-sectional views showing a manufacturing method of a display substrate according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 12A , the gate metal layer GML is disposed on the first base substrate 110 , the gate insulating layer 120 is formed on the first base substrate 110 to cover the gate metal layer GML, and the data metal layer DML is formed on the gate insulating layer GML. The data metal layer DML may have a double-layer structure.

A red insulating layer 135 is formed on the data metal layer DML and the gate insulating layer 120 . A first mask 137 is disposed on the red insulating layer 135 , and then an exposure process is performed. Although not shown in figures, a negative type (kind) photoresist layer is formed on the red insulating layer 135 and the photoresist layer is exposed using (utilizing) the first mask 137 . The first mask 137 includes a transmission area TA in which the photoresist layer is fully exposed, a half area HA in which the photoresist layer is half-exposed, and a blocking area BA in which the photoresist layer is not exposed.

Since the photoresist layer is the negative type, the non-exposed portion of the photoresist layer is completely removed and the half-exposed portion of the photoresist layer is partially removed after a development process is performed, thereby forming a photoresist pattern. The red insulating layer 135 is etched using (utilizing) the photoresist pattern as a mask. Due to the etching process, the red insulating layer 135 is completely removed in the blocking area BA, the red insulating layer 135 is partially removed in the half area HA, and the red insulating layer 135 remains in the transmission area TA without being removed. Accordingly, the red color filter RC and the first misalignment preventing layer 141 are formed as shown in FIG. 12B .

The first misalignment preventing layer 141 is formed to correspond to the transmission area TA and protruded from an upper surface of the red color filter RC.

Referring to FIG. 12C , the green and blue color filters GC and BC are sequentially formed on the data metal layer DML and the gate insulating layer 120 , and thus the color filter layer 130 is completed.

FIGS. 13A to 13C are cross-sectional views showing a manufacturing method of a display substrate according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 13A , a red insulating layer 135 is formed on the data metal layer DML and the gate insulating layer 120 . A second mask 138 is disposed on the red insulating layer 135 , and then an exposure process is performed. Although not shown in figures, a negative type (kind) photoresist layer is formed on the red insulating layer 135 and the photoresist layer is exposed using (utilizing) the second mask 138 . The second mask 138 includes a transmission area TA in which the photoresist layer is fully exposed, a half area HA in which the photoresist layer is half-exposed, and a blocking area BA in which the photoresist layer is not exposed.

Since the photoresist layer is the negative type, the non-exposed portion of the photoresist layer is completely removed and the half-exposed portion of the photoresist layer is partially removed after a development process is performed, thereby forming a photoresist pattern. The red insulating layer 135 is etched using (utilizing) the photoresist pattern as a mask. Due to the etching process, the red insulating layer 135 is completely removed in the blocking area BA, the red insulating layer 135 is partially removed in the half area HA, and the red insulating layer 135 remains in the transmission area TA without being removed. Therefore, the red color filter RC and the seventh misalignment preventing layer 147 are formed as shown in FIG. 13B .

The seventh misalignment preventing layer 147 is formed to correspond to the half area HA. In more detail, the seventh misalignment preventing layer 147 is formed of the red color filter RC and recessed downward from the upper surface of the red color filter RC to have the concave pattern.

Referring to FIG. 13C , the green and blue color filters GC and BC are sequentially formed on the data metal layer DML and the gate insulating layer 120 , and thus the color filter layer 130 is completed.

FIG. 14 is a plan view showing a pixel disposed on a display substrate according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, and FIG. 15 is a view showing domains defined in a pixel area and liquid crystal alignment directions.

The display device 500 includes the pixels, but only one pixel area in which one pixel is disposed among the pixels has been shown in FIG. 14 .

Referring to FIG. 14 , a pixel includes a gate line GL, a first data line DL 1 , a second data line DL 2 , a first thin film transistor TR 1 , a second thin film transistor TR 2 , and a pixel electrode PE.

The gate line GL is electrically connected to the first and second thin film transistors TR 1 and TR 2 and applies a gate signal to the first and second thin film transistors TR 1 and TR 2 .

When an area in which the pixel electrode PE is disposed is referred to as a pixel area PA, the pixel area PA includes a first sub-pixel area PA 1 and a second sub-pixel area PA 2 . In this case, the pixel electrode PE includes a first sub-pixel electrode PE 1 disposed in the first sub-pixel area PA 1 and a second sub-pixel electrode PE 2 disposed in the second sub-pixel area PA 2 .

The first data line DL 1 applies a first data signal to the first thin film transistor TR 1 , and the second data line DL 2 applies a second data signal to the second thin film transistor TR 2 . In the present exemplary embodiment, the first data line DL 1 extends along one side of the first and second sub-pixel electrodes PE 1 and PE 2 and the second data line DL 2 extends along the other side of the first and second sub-pixel electrodes PE 1 and PE 2 . Accordingly, the first and second sub-pixel electrodes PE 1 and PE 2 are disposed between the first and second data lines DL 1 and DL 2 .

The first thin film transistor TR 1 is electrically connected to the gate line GL, the first data line DL 1 , and the first sub-pixel electrode PE 1 . Therefore, when the first thin film transistor TR 1 is turned on in response to the gate signal, the first data signal is applied to the first sub-pixel electrode PE 1 .

The first thin film transistor TR 1 includes a first gate electrode GE 1 , a first active pattern AP 1 , a first source electrode SE 1 , and a first drain electrode DE 1 . The first gate electrode GE 1 is branched from the gate line GL. The first source electrode SE 1 is branched from the first data line DL 1 and makes contact with the first active pattern AP 1 , and the first drain electrode DE 1 is spaced apart from the first source electrode SE 1 and makes contact with the first active pattern AP 1 .

The first sub-pixel electrode PE 1 makes contact with the first drain electrode DE 1 through a first contact hole C 1 .

The second thin film transistor TR 2 is electrically connected to the gate line GL, the second data line DL 2 , and the second sub-pixel electrode PE 2 . Thus, when the second thin film transistor TR 2 is turned on in response to the gate signal, the second data signal is applied to the second sub-pixel electrode PE 2 .

The second thin film transistor TR 2 includes a second gate electrode GE 2 , a second active pattern AP 2 , a second source electrode SE 2 , and a second drain electrode DE 2 . The second gate electrode GE 2 is branched from the gate line GL and the second active pattern AP 2 is disposed on the second gate electrode GE 2 such that the first insulating layer L 1 is disposed between the second gate electrode GE 2 and the second active pattern AP 2 . The second source electrode SE 2 is branched from the second data line DL 2 and makes contact with the second active pattern AP 2 , and the second drain electrode DE 2 is spaced apart from the second source electrode SE 2 and makes contact with the second active pattern AP 2 .

The second sub-pixel electrode PE 2 makes contact with the second drain electrode DE 2 through a second contact hole C 2 .

As described above, the first and second sub-pixel electrodes PE 1 and PE 2 are driven by different data signals, and thus different grayscales are displayed in the first and second sub-pixel areas PA 1 and PA 2 , respectively.

Referring to FIGS. 14 and 15 , the first sub-pixel electrode PE 1 includes a first horizontal trunk portion HS 1 , a second horizontal trunk portion HS 2 , a first vertical trunk portion VS 1 , a second vertical trunk portion VS 2 , and first, second, third, and fourth branch portions B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , and B 4 .

The first vertical trunk portion VS 1 is connected to the first horizontal trunk portion HS 1 , edges of the first branch portions B 1 , and edges of the second branch portions B 2 , and the second vertical trunk portion VS 2 is connected to the second horizontal trunk portion HS 2 , edges of the third branch portions B 3 , and edges of the fourth branch portions B 4 . In the present exemplary embodiment, each of the first and second vertical trunk portions VS 1 and VS 2 extends in a second direction D 2 crossing a first direction D 1 in which the liquid crystal display device 500 is curved. In more detail, the second direction D 2 is substantially perpendicular to the first direction D 1 when viewed in a plan view.

The first horizontal trunk portion HS 1 is connected to the first vertical trunk portion VS 1 , edges of the first branch portions B 1 , and edges of the second branch portions B 2 . In the present exemplary embodiment, the first horizontal trunk portion HS 1 extends in the first direction D 1 and is branched from a center portion of the first vertical trunk portion VS 1 . The first branch portions B 1 are symmetrical with the second branch portions B 2 with respect to the first horizontal trunk portion HS 1 , and the first horizontal trunk portion HS 1 is disposed between first and second domains DM 1 and DM 2 .

The second horizontal trunk portion HS 2 is connected to the second vertical trunk portion VS 2 , edges of the third branch portions B 3 , and edges of the fourth branch portions B 4 . In the present exemplary embodiment, the second horizontal trunk portion HS 2 extends in (along) the first direction D 1 and is branched from a center portion of the second vertical trunk portion VS 2 . The third branch portions B 3 are symmetrical with the fourth branch portions B 4 with respect to the second horizontal trunk portion HS 2 , and the second horizontal trunk portion HS 2 is disposed between third and fourth domains DM 3 and DM 4 .

Portions of the first branch portions B 1 are branched from the first horizontal trunk portion HS 1 , and the other portions of the first branch portions B 1 are branched from the first vertical trunk portion VS 1 . In addition, each of the first branch portions B 1 extends in (along) a third direction D 3 inclined with respect to the first direction D 1 and the second direction D 2 when viewed in a plan view, and the first branch portions B 1 are spaced apart from each other.

Portions of the second branch portions B 2 are branched from the first horizontal trunk portion HS 1 , and the other portions of the second branch portions B 2 are branched from the first vertical trunk portion VS 1 . In addition, each of the second branch portions B 2 extends in (along) a fourth direction D 4 inclined with respect to the first and second directions D 1 and D 2 when viewed in a plan view, and the second branch portions B 2 are spaced apart from each other.

When viewed in a plan view, the fourth direction D 4 may cross the third direction D 3 . For instance, the third direction D 3 may be substantially perpendicular to the fourth direction D 4 , and each of the third and fourth directions D 3 and D 4 may form an angle of about 45 degrees with respect to the first direction D 1 or the second direction D 2 .

Portions of the third branch portions B 3 are branched from the second horizontal trunk portion HS 2 , and the other portions of the third branch portions B 3 are branched from the second vertical trunk portion VS 2 . In addition, each of the third branch portions B 3 extends in (along) a fifth direction D 5 inclined with respect to the first direction D 1 and the second direction D 2 when viewed in a plan view, and the third branch portions B 3 are spaced apart from each other.

Portions of the fourth branch portions B 4 are branched from the second horizontal trunk portion HS 2 , and the other portions of the fourth branch portions B 4 are branched from the second vertical trunk portion VS 2 . In addition, each of the fourth branch portions B 4 extends in (along) a sixth direction D 6 inclined with respect to the first direction D 1 and the second direction D 2 when viewed in a plan view, and the fourth branch portions B 4 are spaced apart from each other.

When viewed in a plan view, the sixth direction D 6 may cross the fifth direction D 5 . For instance, the fifth direction D 5 may be substantially perpendicular to the sixth direction D 6 , and each of the fifth and sixth directions D 5 and D 6 may form an angle of about 45 degrees with respect to the first direction D 1 or the second direction D 2 .

The second sub-pixel electrode PE 2 may have a size different from that of the first sub-pixel electrode PE 1 , however, the second sub-pixel electrode PE 2 may instead have a shape similar to that of the first sub-pixel electrode PE 1 .

The second sub-pixel electrode PE 2 includes a third horizontal trunk portion HS 3 , a fourth horizontal trunk portion HS 4 , a third vertical trunk portion VS 3 , a fourth vertical trunk portion VS 4 , and fifth to eighth branch portions B 5 , B 6 , B 7 , and B 8 .

The third vertical trunk portion VS 3 extends in (along) the second direction D 2 and is connected to the third horizontal trunk portion HS 3 , edges of the fifth branch portions B 5 , and edges of the sixth branch portions B 6 . The fourth vertical trunk portion VS 4 extends in (along) the second direction D 2 and is connected to the fourth vertical trunk portion HS 4 , edges of the seventh branch portions B 7 , and edges of the eighth branch portions B 8 .

The third horizontal trunk portion HS 3 is branched from the third vertical trunk portion VS 3 and extends in (along) the first direction D 1 , and the fourth horizontal trunk portion HS 4 is branched from the fourth vertical trunk portion VS 4 and extends in (along) the first direction D 1 . In the present exemplary embodiment, the third horizontal trunk portion HS 3 is branched from a center portion of the third vertical trunk portion VS 3 and the fourth horizontal trunk portion HS 4 is branched from a center portion of the fourth vertical trunk portion VS 4 .

Portions of the fifth branch portions B 5 are branched from the third horizontal trunk portion HS 3 , and the other portions of the fifth branch portions B 5 are branched from the third vertical trunk portion VS 3 . In addition, each of the fifth branch portions B 5 extends in (along) the third direction D 3 when viewed in a plan view, and the fifth branch portions B 5 are spaced apart from each other.

Portions of the sixth branch portions B 6 are branched from the third horizontal trunk portion HS 3 , and the other portions of the sixth branch portions B 6 are branched from the third vertical trunk portion VS 3 . In addition, each of the sixth branch portions B 6 extends in (along) the fourth direction D 4 when viewed in a plan view, and the sixth branch portions B 6 are spaced apart from each other.

Portions of the seventh branch portions B 7 are branched from the fourth horizontal trunk portion HS 4 , and the other portions of the seventh branch portions B 7 are branched from the fourth vertical trunk portion VS 4 . In addition, each of the seventh branch portions B 7 extends in (along) the fifth direction D 5 when viewed in a plan view, and the seventh branch portions B 7 are spaced apart from each other.

Portions of the eighth branch portions B 8 are branched from the fourth horizontal trunk portion HS 4 , and the other portions of the eighth branch portions B 8 are branched from the fourth vertical trunk portion VS 4 . In addition, each of the eighth branch portions B 8 extends in (along) the sixth direction D 6 when viewed in a plan view, and the eighth branch portions B 8 are spaced apart from each other.

As shown in FIG. 15 , the first to fourth domains DM 1 to DM 4 are defined in the first sub-pixel area PA 1 , and fifth to eighth domains DM 5 to DM 8 are defined in the second sub-pixel area PA 2 .

Also, in the case that the first to eighth domains DM 1 to DM 8 are defined in the first and second sub-pixel areas PA 1 and PA 2 , the first sub-pixel electrode PE 1 further includes a first domain connection part LP 1 and the second sub-pixel electrode PE 2 further includes a second domain connection part LP 2 .

The first domain connection part LP 1 is disposed between the second domain DM 2 and the third domain DM 3 to connect the second branch portions B 2 and the third branch portions B 3 , and the second domain connection part LP 2 is disposed between the sixth domain DM 6 and the seventh domain DM 7 to connect the sixth branch portions B 6 and the seventh branch portions B 7 . The first domain connection part LP 1 may be disposed at a center of a border area between the second domain DM 2 and the third domain DM 3 , and the second domain connection part LP 2 may be disposed at a center of a border area between the sixth domain DM 6 and the seventh domain DM 7 .

When an area in which the liquid crystal molecules are aligned by the first branch portions B 1 is referred to as the first domain DM 1 , a first liquid crystal alignment direction DR 1 in the first domain DM 1 corresponds to the third direction D 3 . When an area in which the liquid crystal molecules are aligned by the second branch portions B 2 is referred to as the second domain DM 2 , a second liquid crystal alignment direction DR 2 in the second domain DM 2 corresponds to the fourth direction D 4 .

A third liquid crystal alignment direction DR 3 in the third domain DM 3 corresponds to the fifth direction D 5 , and a fourth liquid crystal alignment direction DR 4 in the fourth domain DM 4 corresponds to the sixth direction D 6 .

According to the above, the first to fourth domains DM 1 to DM 4 , which are sequentially arranged in the second direction D 2 , are formed in the first sub-pixel area PA 1 , and the liquid crystal alignment directions in the first to fourth domains DM 1 to DM 4 are different from each other. Thus, a viewing angle of the first sub-pixel area PA 1 may be widened.

In addition, the fifth to eighth domains DM 5 to DM 8 , which are sequentially arranged in the second direction D 2 , are formed in the second sub-pixel area PA 2 , and the liquid crystal alignment directions in the fifth to eighth domains DM 5 to DM 8 are different from each other. Thus, a viewing angle of the second sub-pixel area PA 2 may be widened.

The first to eighth domains DM 1 to DM 8 are arranged in the second direction D 2 in one pixel. Therefore, the domains having different liquid crystal alignment directions are prevented from being overlapped with each other due to a misalignment occurring in the curved display device 500 curved in the first direction D 1 , thereby preventing a texture defect caused by the misalignment of the liquid crystal molecules.

Although the exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described, it is understood that the present invention should not be limited to these exemplary embodiments but various changes and modifications can be made by a person having ordinary skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the present invention as hereinafter claimed and equivalents thereof.