Quick access to disc management information

The current invention relates to a method and a recording device for recording information on a record carrier, especially a disc shaped record carrier of the write-once type, said record carrier comprising at least one area for storing disc management information. The current invention further relates to a record carrier, especially a disc shaped record carrier of the write-once type, comprising at least one area for storing disc management information.

Optical recording systems, such as for example Blu-ray Disc, keep track of all sorts of disc management information during recording. Examples of such disc management information that needs to be tracked are the track and session structures of a disc, the location of defective area's on a disc, and the location of recorded and unrecorded areas on a disc. Generally, this disc management information needs to be updated many times during use of a disc. This is especially so in the case of random recording.

For the purpose of storing and updating this disc management information, a special area is generally available on the disc itself. Such a special area is generally located in the Lead-in and/or the Lead-out zone of a disc. This special area may comprise, for example, a Defect List for storing the location of defective areas on a disc (and their replacement area's), and a Space Bit Map for storing the location of recorded and unrecorded areas, such as for example clusters, on a disc. Furthermore, tracks and sessions boundaries may be registered in this special area. In this application such a special area will be referred to as a Temporary Disc Management Area (TDMA).

For a single layer disc (that is, a disc comprising a single information layer for storing the information to be recorded) this TDMA area is generally located in the Lead-in zone, and is referred to as TDMA 0 . For a dual layer disc (that is a disc comprising two information layers, referred to as layer L 0 and layer L 1 ) there is generally the same TDMA 0 area located in the Lead-in zone of layer L 0 , and additionally a second TDMA area, referred to as TDMA 1 , in the Lead-out zone of layer L 1 . In the Blu-ray Disc format specification both the TDMA 0 and the TDMA 1 are specified to have a fixed size of 2048 physical clusters.

Especially for write-once discs, additional TDMA's may be defined to facilitate more storage space for storing the disc management information. These additional areas may be useful when many updates are required, for example in the case of many ejects (possibly after short recordings), or when a more frequent update scheme is desired for more robustness, for example against power failures. In write-once discs the TDMA's cannot be overwritten (in contrast to rewritable discs), and therefore the additional storage space may be required. For example, a single layer write once disc may have, next to its TDMA 0 , at least one additional TDMA area (TDMA 1 in FIG. 1 ), while a dual layer write once disc may have, next to its TDMA 0 and TDMA 1 , at least one additional TDMA area on layer L 0 and at least one on layer L 1 . In FIG. 2 these additional TDMA areas are called TDMA 2 , TDMA 3 , and TDMA 4 .

Generally, the TDMA areas are allocated when a disc is initialised, at which time at least one TDMA area (TDMA 0 ) is allocated for a single layer disc, and at least two TDMA areas (TDMA 0 and TDMA 1 ) are allocated for a dual layer disc. Generally, the TDMA areas are used sequentially and in the following order:

single layer disc: TDMA 0 →TDMA 1 ; dual layer disc: TDMA 0 →TDMA 1 →TDMA 2 →TDMA 3 →TDMA 4 .

Each TDMA area is generally filled up contiguously.

In a Blu-ray Disc optical recording system the disc management information stored in a TDMA area on a disc is only updated for that parts that has changed. For example, when the Space Bit Map (SBM) of layer L 0 (SBM 0 ) has changed and the Space Bit Map of layer L 1 (SBM 1 ) has not changed, only the updated Space Bit Map of layer L 0 is written into the TDMA. A Temporary Disc Definition Sector (TDDS) contains pointers to the most recent version of the various structures in a TDMA (see FIG. 3 ). Now, a drive can find the most recent status by accessing the TDDS on a disc, reading the pointers, and subsequently accessing the relevant, and up-to-date, structures, like the SBM 0 and the SBM 1 shown in FIG. 3 . For this reason the last written cluster of a TDMA contains an up-to-date TDDS in a specific location (Data Frame 31 in cluster Z shown in FIG. 3 ) containing up-to-date pointers to the various structures.

When a disc is inserted into a drive, the drive needs to find the TDMA that is in use as fast as possible. However, this can take some time. For example when the first n TDMA areas on a disc are already filled up and TDMA(n+1) is the TDMA area in use, the drive has to scan all the previous n TDMA areas before arriving at TDMA(n+1). Moreover, this scanning of a sequence of TDMA areas may take a very long time when parts of the sequence of TDMA areas is damaged, and the drive performs several retries before continuing to the next cluster.

It is an object of the present invention to reduce this start-up time, especially when parts of the TDMA areas are damaged. This object is achieved by providing a method and a recording device as described below, and by providing a record carrier for use in the method and recording device according to the present invention.

Both, a single layer disc and a dual layer disc comprise at least one TDMA area, that is the first TDMA area TDMA 0 . According to a first aspect of the present invention this first TDMA area, TDMA 0 , comprises signals indicating whether or not the first TDMA area itself and subsequent TDMA areas (in a sequence of TDMA areas) are in use. According to a second aspect of the present invention this first TDMA area, TDMA 0 , is followed by an area (referred to as Detection Area) which comprises signals indicating whether or not the first TDMA area and subsequent TDMA areas (in a sequence of TDMA areas) are in use. By retrieving information from these signals, a drive can jump directly to the last used TDMA area holding the most up-to-date disc management information. Now only information from the first TDMA area (that is, TDMA 0 ) or the Detection Area needs to be retrieved, while all TDMA areas between this first TDMA area and the TDMA area holding the most up-to-date disc management information can be skipped.

In a preferred embodiment the signals are in the form of the presence or absence of a high frequency (HF) mark. The indication used is the presence of a high frequency (HF) for a corresponding TDMA area in use on the disc. Now, the data content of the first TDMA area itself is not relevant for the detection.

The features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following more particular description of embodiments of the invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, where

FIG. 1 shows an example of the locations of TDMA areas on a single layer disc,

FIG. 2 shows an example of the locations of TDMA areas on a dual layer disc,

FIG. 3 shows an example of information clusters written in the TDMA showing a TDDS in the last cluster, and

FIG. 4 shows an example of a detection area with up to TDMA 2 in use.

FIG. 1 shows by way of example a single layer write once disc. This disc has, next to its TDMA 0 , an additional TDMA 1 area located at the outer side of the Outer Spare Area 0 (OSA 0 ). FIG. 2 shows by way of example a dual layer write once disc having, next to its TDMA 0 and TDMA 1 , one additional TDMA area on layer L 0 and two additional TDMA areas on layer L 1 . These additional TDMA areas are called TDMA 2 , TDMA 3 , and TDMA 4 , and are located in the Outer Spare Areas OSA 0 and OSA 1 and in the Inner Spare Area ISA 1 , respectively.

In these single layer and dual layer discs at least one TDMA area is available, that is TDMA 0 . In an embodiment of the invention a predefined number of clusters of the at least one TDMA area (TDMA 0 ) is reserved to indicate a filled TDMA. This predefined number corresponds to the number of TDMA areas. In an alternative embodiment the at least one TDMA area (TDMA 0 ) is followed by a Detection Area consisting of a predefined number of clusters reserved to indicate a filled TDMA (see FIG. 4 ).

FIG. 4 shows part of an information layer L 0 of a dual layer disc (as is shown in FIG. 2 ) where a TDM 0 consisting of 1048 clusters is followed by a Detection Area consisting of 4 clusters. The indication used is the presence of a high frequency (HF) indicator for each cluster representing on of the four subsequent TDMA areas (TMDA 1 to TDMA 4 in FIG. 2 ). The presence of a high frequency (HF) in a cluster in the Detection area indicates that the corresponding TDMA area (1,2,3 or 4) on the disc is in use. The data content of the clusters in the Detection Area itself is not relevant for the detection. In the example shown in FIG. 4 , TDMA 2 is the TDMA area currently being used by the drive for TDMA updates, while TDMA 0 and TDMA 1 are full or cannot be used anymore for some other reason.

The presence of a high frequency (HF) in a cluster may be obtained by writing a pattern of marks in that cluster. The pattern of marks may, for example, represent random information since the information content of a cluster is not relevant for the detection. Now cluster having marks written in it have a high frequency (HF) signal present, while clusters having no marks written in it have no high frequency (HF) signal present

When none of the four clusters in the Detection Area are written, that is none of them have a high frequency (HF) indicator, then the TDMA 0 is being used. In an alternative embodiment, an additional cluster is added for indicating whether or not the TDMA 0 area is being used. In the example above related to the dual layer disc shown in FIG. 2 , the Detection Area would consist of five clusters, related to the TDMA areas (0,1,2,3 or 4).

A drive according to the invention can quickly detect the TDMA area in use by jumping to the Detection Area, checking the presence or absence of the high frequency (HF) indicators, and subsequently scanning only the indicated TDMA. In an embodiment only the last written cluster in that TDMA area has to be read to be able to access all disc management information, because this last written cluster contains the Temporary Disc Definition Sector (TDDS).

In a further embodiment the drive can jump directly to the Detection Area because this Detection Area has a fixed address on the disc.

It is noted that the embodiment in which a high frequency (HF) indication is used results in a very robust detection mechanism. This because there is no need to read the correct data content; only the absence of presence of a high frequency (HF) is relevant. This embodiment easily survives scratches, dirt, and other damages to the media. This is especially so when a cluster requires about half a revolution (on the inner diameter) of the disc, which is rarely damaged completely.

It is further noted that the invention is not limited to single layer and dual layer discs only, but that it likewise can be used advantageously in disc comparing any number of information layers for storing the information to be recorded.