Trusted signaling in long term evolution (LTE) 4G wireless communication

None.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Electronic communications may carry a wide variety of content, for example electronic mail, medical records, financial transactions, and other confidential information. The electronic communications may travel for some of the communication end-to-end path over unsecured communication links where the content may be subject to tampering or intrusion. A variety of security measures have been applied to provide increased security and to raise the level of difficulty for nefarious actors attempting to access the confidential information.

In an embodiment, a method of wireless communication enabled by hardware assisted trust is disclosed. The method comprises receiving a trust zone request by an enhanced node B from an electronic device attached to a long term evolution (LTE) wireless network and forwarding the trust zone request from the enhanced node B to a home subscription server (HSS), wherein the enhanced node B forwards the trust zone request while executing in a trust zone of the enhanced node B, wherein the trust zone provides hardware assisted trust. The method further comprises receiving a trust zone request acknowledgement by the enhanced node B from the home subscription server while executing in the trust zone of the enhanced node B, forwarding the trust zone request acknowledgement by the enhanced node B to the electronic device, wherein the enhanced node B forwards the trust zone acknowledgement while executing in the trust zone of the enhanced node B, and receiving a trusted service request by the enhanced node B from the electronic device. The method further comprises forwarding the trusted service request by the enhanced node B to a policy control rules function (PCRF) server, wherein the enhanced node B forwards the trusted service request while executing in the trust zone of the enhanced node B, receiving a trusted service request acknowledgement by the enhanced node B from the policy control rules function server while executing in the trust zone of the enhanced node B, and forwarding the trusted service request acknowledgement to the electronic device, whereby the electronic device is provided a trusted bearer communication link.

In another embodiment, a method of wireless communication enabled by hardware assisted trust is disclosed. The method comprises attaching a mobile communication device by an enhanced node B to a long term evolution (LTE) wireless network, performing signaling on behalf of the mobile communication device to establish a trusted bearer communication link between the mobile communication device and the long term evolution wireless network, and receiving a trusted service termination request by the enhanced node B from the mobile communication device while executing in a trust zone of the enhanced node B. The method further comprises forwarding the trusted service termination request by the enhanced node B while executing in the trust zone of the enhanced node B to at least one of a mobility management entity (MME), a home subscriber server (HSS), a packet gateway (P-GW), and a policy charging rules function (PCRF) server, receiving a trusted service termination acknowledgment by the enhanced node B while executing in the trust zone of the enhanced node B, and forwarding the trusted service termination acknowledgment by the enhanced node B while executing in the trust zone of the enhanced node B, whereby the trusted bearer communication link from the mobile communication device and the long term evolution wireless network is taken down.

In another embodiment, a method of wireless communication enabled by hardware assisted trust is disclosed. The method comprises attaching a mobile communication device by a first enhanced node B to a first long term evolution (LTE) wireless network, performing signaling on behalf of the mobile communication device to establish a trusted bearer communication link between the mobile communication device and the first long term evolution wireless network, and transmitting a redirect request by the first enhanced node B to a mobility management entity (MME). The method further comprises analyzing by the mobility management entity a signaling trust continuum in a second long term evolution wireless network, and performing signaling on behalf of the mobile communication device to establish a trusted bearer communication link between the mobile communication device and the second long term evolution wireless network.

These and other features will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and claims.

For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure, reference is now made to the following brief description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings and detailed description, wherein like reference numerals represent like parts.

FIG. 1 is an illustration of a communication system according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a further illustration of another aspect of the communication according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a message sequence diagram according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 4 is another message sequence diagram according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 5 is another message sequence diagram according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 6 is another message sequence diagram according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a method according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 8 is a flow chart of another method according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 9 is a flow chart of another method according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 10 is an illustration of a handset according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a hardware architecture of a handset according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 12A is block diagram of a software architecture of a handset according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 12B is a block diagram of another software architecture of a handset according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a computer system according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

It should be understood at the outset that although illustrative implementations of one or more embodiments are illustrated below, the disclosed systems and methods may be implemented using any number of techniques, whether currently known or not yet in existence. The disclosure should in no way be limited to the illustrative implementations, drawings, and techniques illustrated below, but may be modified within the scope of the appended claims along with their full scope of equivalents.

In an embodiment, a system for trusted signaling in a long term evolution (LTE) wireless communication network is taught. Signaling among network nodes may be performed to establish a bearer channel between a wireless communication device, herein after referred to as a user equipment (UE), and other communication devices such as another user equipment or an application server. When a user equipment desires to execute a trusted network application over the communication network or to conduct other trusted communications over the communication network, a trusted bearer path may desirably be created to promote a continuity of trust between the user equipment and a communication end point, for example a trusted application server. As described in more detail below, trusted computation and/or trusted communication is based on hardware assisted security that reduces the ability of nefarious software or corrupt devices to write, read, or otherwise access trusted processing or trusted messages. For further details about creating a trusted bearer path, see U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/532,588, filed Jun. 25, 2012, entitled “End-to-end Trusted Communications Infrastructure,” by Leo Michael McRoberts, et al., which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

To provide trusted communications, however, the signaling that sets up the trusted bearer communication path may likewise desirably be conducted using a trusted signaling communication path. In an embodiment, a user equipment that is attached to the LTE network may execute a trusted application that executes some instructions in a trust security zone of the processor of the user equipment. In some contexts herein a trusted security zone may be referred to as a trust zone and/or as a trusted zone. While executing in the trust zone, the trusted application may send a trust zone request to a home subscriber server (HSS) to receive a trust acknowledgement and one or more user parameters associated with the subject trusted application. The trust zone request may be received by an enhanced node B (eNB) or cell tower. The enhanced node B may handle the trust zone request by executing in a trust zone of the enhanced node B processor to send the trust zone request on to a mobility management entity (MME) or other signaling node in the LTE network. The mobility management entity may handle the trust zone request by executing in a trust zone of the mobility management entity processor to send the trust zone request on to the home subscriber server. The home subscriber server may handle the trust zone request by executing in a trust zone of the home subscriber server and sending a trust zone acknowledgment and optional use parameters back to the user equipment.

In an embodiment, the home subscriber server confirms that the user equipment has rights to execute a trusted service request before generating and sending the trust zone acknowledgment. For example, the home subscriber server may determine if the user equipment is subscribed to at least one trusted network application. For example, the home subscriber server may determine if the subscriber associated with the user equipment is deemed a trust worthy subscriber, for example whether the subscriber has a pending unresolved security or trust violation event history.

The user parameters may be parameters related to the trusted network application or other trusted communication that the user equipment is requesting. The user parameters may be credentials or tokens used to invoke methods or functions of an application programming interface (API) provided by a trusted network application server. The user parameters may identify data that the user equipment should provide to receive access to the requested trusted service or trusted communication. The user parameters may define a level of access to one or more trusted network applications to which the user equipment is allowed. The user parameters may define a biometric signature, a format of a biometric signature, and/or an encoding method of a biometric signature.

After trust zone processing is established in the signaling path to which it is attached, the user equipment may send a trusted service request from its trust zone to a policy and charging rules function (PCRF) node. It is understood that the trusted service request may be transported by a plurality of nodes in the long term evolution network, each handling the trusted service request in a trust zone of their processor, for example the enhanced node B, the mobility management entity, the home subscriber service, and possibly other nodes. The policy and charging rules function node determines if the trusted service request meets the standards of a trusted communication and if the user equipment has rights to execute the requested trusted service. If the trusted service request is authorized, the policy and charging rules function node sends a trusted service acknowledge and optional use parameters over the signaling path to the user equipment. Said in other words, the policy and charging rules function confirms that a policy allows the user equipment to invoke the requested trusted service request before generating and sending the trusted service acknowledgment. Again, the trusted service acknowledgement and optional use parameters are transported by nodes executing in a trust zone of their processors. In an embodiment, the trusted service acknowledgement comprises trusted bearer communication link path information to support establishing and/or setting up the trusted bearer path. The trusted bearer path or trusted bearer channel is then activated, and the user equipment accesses the subject trusted services via the trusted bearer path.

When it has completed its access to the trusted service, the user equipment may send a trust termination request to the policy and charging rules function node, and the policy and charging rules function node may send a trust termination acknowledge back to the user equipment. The user equipment may then send an exit trust zone command to the enhanced node B while executing in the trust zone of the user equipment processor. After having sent the exit trust zone command, the user equipment may exit trusted zone processing. The enhanced node B may then forward the exit trust zone command to the mobility management entity while executing in the trust zone of the enhanced node B processor. After having forwarded the exit trust zone command, the enhanced node B may exit trust zone processing. The mobility management entity may then forward the exit trust zone command to the home subscriber service while executing in the trust zone of the mobility management entity processor. After having forwarded the exit trust zone command, the mobility management entity may exit trust zone processing. The home subscriber service may then forward the exit trust zone command to the policy and charging rules function node while executing in the trust zone of the home subscriber service processor. After having forwarded the exit trust zone command, the home subscriber service may exit trust zone processing. The policy and charging rules function node may forward the exit trust zone command to a packet gateway while executing in the trust zone of the policy and charging rules function node. After having forwarded the exit trust zone command, the policy and charging rules function node may exit trust zone processing.

When it receives the exit trust zone command, the packet gateway may first mediate the tearing down of the trusted bearer path and then exit trust zone processing. Alternatively, other nodes in the trusted signaling path may control or mediate the tearing down of the trusted bearer path, for example before they exit processing in their trust zone. At this point in time, the trusted bearer path has been taken down. After the trusted bearer path has been taken down and after signaling returns to normal signaling, a normal bearer channel may be activated or brought up.

In an embodiment, the user equipment may have a need during a trusted communication session using a trusted bearer path to enter or obtain communication services from a foreign network (here the term “foreign network” is used to indicate a wireless communication network other than the primary network to which the user equipment has subscribed service). The user equipment may send a redirect request from its trust zone to the mobility management entity. The mobility management entity may probe the signaling endpoint in the foreign network to determine if the foreign network can support a trusted signaling path and a trusted bearer path to provide the requested end-to-end trusted communication bearer path. If the foreign network can support these trust needs, the trusted bearer channel is bridged into the foreign network where an end-to-end trusted bearer path is likewise provided to the user equipment.

A trusted security zone provides chipsets with a hardware root of trust, a secure execution environment for applications, and secure access to peripherals. A hardware root of trust means the chipset should only execute programs intended by the device manufacturer or vendor and resists software and physical attacks, and therefore remains trusted to provide the intended level of security. The chipset architecture is designed to promote a programmable environment that allows the confidentiality and integrity of assets to be protected from specific attacks. Trusted security zone capabilities are becoming features in both wireless and fixed hardware architecture designs. Providing the trusted security zone in the main mobile device chipset and protecting the hardware root of trust removes the need for separate secure hardware to authenticate the device or user. To ensure the integrity of the applications requiring trusted data, such as a mobile financial services application, the trusted security zone also provides the secure execution environment where only trusted applications can operate, safe from attacks. Security is further promoted by restricting access of non-trusted applications to peripherals, such as data inputs and data outputs, while a trusted application is running in the secure execution environment. In an embodiment, the trusted security zone may be conceptualized as hardware assisted security.

A complete trusted execution environment (TEE) may be implemented through the use of the trusted security zone hardware and software architecture. The trusted execution environment is an execution environment that is parallel to the execution environment of the main mobile device operating system. The trusted execution environment and/or the trusted security zone may provide a base layer of functionality and/or utilities for use of applications that may execute in the trusted security zone. For example, in an embodiment, trust records, trust tokens, and/or trust symbols may be generated by the base layer of functionality and/or utilities of the trusted execution environment and/or trusted security zone for use in trusted end-to-end communication links to document a continuity of trust of the communications. Through standardization of application programming interfaces (APIs), the trusted execution environment becomes a place to which scalable deployment of secure services can be targeted. A device which has a chipset that has a trusted execution environment on it may exist in a trusted services environment, where devices in the trusted services environment are trusted and protected against attacks. The trusted execution environment can be implemented on mobile phones and tablets as well as extending to other trusted devices such as personal computers, servers, sensors, medical devices, point-of-sale terminals, industrial automation, handheld terminals, automotive, etc.

The trusted security zone is implemented by partitioning all of the hardware and software resources of the mobile device into two partitions: a secure partition and a normal partition. The secure partition may be implemented by a first physical processor, and the normal partition may be implemented by a second physical processor. Alternatively, the secure partition may be implemented by a first virtual processor, and the normal partition may be implemented by a second virtual processor. Placing sensitive resources in the secure partition can protect against possible attacks on those resources. For example, resources such as trusted software applications may run in the secure partition and have access to hardware peripherals such as a touchscreen or a secure location in memory. Less secure peripherals such as wireless radios may be disabled completely while the secure partition is being accessed, while other peripherals may only be accessed from the secure partition. While the secure partition is being accessed through the trusted execution environment, the main mobile operating system in the normal partition is suspended, and applications in the normal partition are prevented from accessing the secure peripherals and data. This prevents corrupted applications or malware applications from breaking the trust of the device.

The trusted security zone is implemented by partitioning the hardware and software resources to exist in a secure subsystem which is not accessible to components outside the secure subsystem. The trusted security zone is built into the processor architecture at the time of manufacture through hardware logic present in the trusted security zone which enables a perimeter boundary between the secure partition and the normal partition. The trusted security zone may only be manipulated by those with the proper credential and, in an embodiment, may not be added to the chip after it is manufactured. Software architecture to support the secure partition may be provided through a dedicated secure kernel running trusted applications. Trusted applications are independent secure applications which can be accessed by normal applications through an application programming interface in the trusted execution environment on a chipset that utilizes the trusted security zone.

In an embodiment, the normal partition applications run on a first virtual processor, and the secure partition applications run on a second virtual processor. Both virtual processors may run on a single physical processor, executing in a time-sliced fashion, removing the need for a dedicated physical security processor. Time-sliced execution comprises switching contexts between the two virtual processors to share processor resources based on tightly controlled mechanisms such as secure software instructions or hardware exceptions. The context of the currently running virtual processor is saved, the context of the virtual processor being switched to is restored, and processing is restarted in the restored virtual processor. Time-sliced execution protects the trusted security zone by stopping the execution of the normal partition while the secure partition is executing.

The two virtual processors context switch via a processor mode called monitor mode when changing the currently running virtual processor. The mechanisms by which the processor can enter monitor mode from the normal partition are tightly controlled. The entry to monitor mode can be triggered by software executing a dedicated instruction, the Secure Monitor Call (SMC) instruction, or by a subset of the hardware exception mechanisms such as hardware interrupts, which can be configured to cause the processor to switch into monitor mode. The software that executes within monitor mode then saves the context of the running virtual processor and switches to the secure virtual processor.

The trusted security zone runs a separate operating system that is not accessible to the device users. For security purposes, the trusted security zone is not open to users for installing applications, which means users do not have access to install applications in the trusted security zone. This prevents corrupted applications or malware applications from executing powerful instructions reserved to the trusted security zone and thus preserves the trust of the device. The security of the system is achieved at least in part by partitioning the hardware and software resources of the mobile phone so they exist in one of two partitions, the secure partition for the security subsystem and the normal partition for everything else. Placing the trusted security zone in the secure partition and restricting access from the normal partition protects against software and basic hardware attacks. Hardware logic ensures that no secure partition resources can be accessed by the normal partition components or applications. A dedicated secure partition operating system runs in a virtual processor separate from the normal partition operating system that likewise executes in its own virtual processor. Users may install applications on the mobile device which may execute in the normal partition operating system described above. The trusted security zone runs a separate operating system for the secure partition that is installed by the mobile device manufacturer or vendor, and users are not able to install new applications in or alter the contents of the trusted security zone.

Turning now to FIG. 1 , a wireless communication system 100 is described. In an embodiment, the system 100 comprises a user equipment (UE) 102 , an enhanced node B (eNB) 104 , a network 106 , a mobility management entity (MME) 108 , a home subscriber service (HSS) 110 , a policy and charging rules function (PCRF) 112 , and a packet gateway (P-GW) 114 . In an embodiment, the system 100 may further comprise other signaling nodes, for example a signaling gateway (S-GW). In an embodiment, these devices may form a portion of a long term evolution (LTE) wireless network. In some contexts, the long term evolution wireless network may be referred to as a fourth generation or a 4G wireless network. It is understood that the system 100 may comprise any number of the devices 102 , 104 , 108 , 110 , 112 , and 114 . The network 106 comprises one or more public communication networks, one or more private communication networks, or a combination thereof.

While the mobility management entity 108 , the home subscriber service 110 , the policy and charging rules function 112 , and the packet gateway 114 may normally be considered to form a part of the network 106 , they are shown outside of the “cloud” representing the network 106 to promote ease of description of the teachings of the present disclosure. The enhanced node B 104 , the mobility management entity 108 , the home subscriber service 110 , the policy and charging rules function 112 , and the packet gateway 114 may be implemented on computers. Computers are described in more detail hereinafter. While shown as separate entities, two or more of the mobility management entity 108 , the home subscriber service 110 , the policy and charging rules function 112 , and the packet gateway 114 may be combined on one computer or one computer system.

The UE 102 may be a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a media player, or a wireless communication enabled computer, for example a long term evolution wireless communication enabled computer. The UE 102 may comprise a long term evolution radio transceiver 116 , a memory 117 , a trusted application 118 , and a processor 120 . The trusted application 118 may be stored in the memory 117 and executed by the processor 120 . The processor 120 comprises a normal portion 122 and a trust zone portion 124 . When the trusted application 118 is executed by the processor 120 , at least some of the instructions of the trusted application 118 are executed in the trust zone 124 of the processor 120 . Trusted zones and trusted execution environments are discussed in more detail above. The trust zone 124 provides hardware assisted security for processing that is deemed sensitive, for example processing that involves confidential personal and/or financial information.

The enhanced node B 104 comprises a processor 130 that comprises a normal portion 132 and a trust zone portion 134 . The mobility management entity 108 comprises a processor 140 that comprises a normal portion 142 and a trust zone portion 144 . The home subscriber service 110 comprises a processor 150 that comprises a normal portion 152 and a trust zone portion 154 . The policy and charging rules function 112 comprises a processor 160 that comprises a normal portion 162 and a trust zone portion 164 . The packet gateway 114 comprises a processor 170 that comprises a normal portion 172 and a trust zone portion 174 . A variety of different trusted signaling scenarios may be executed in the process of setting-up and tearing down the trusted bearer path. Some of these trusted signaling scenarios are discussed in detail below with reference to message sequence diagrams depicted in FIG. 3 , FIG. 4 , FIG. 5 , and FIG. 6 .

Turning now to FIG. 2 , a further portion of the wireless communication system 100 is illustrated. The UE 102 is illustrated as communicating with a server computer 178 via a trusted bearer 188 . The server 178 comprises a processor 180 that comprises a normal portion 182 and a trust zone portion 184 . Under this circumstance, the trust zone 124 of the UE 102 is communicating with the trust zone 184 of the server 178 via the network 106 via the bearer path 188 having continuity of trust.

The trusted communication may involve transport over the trusted bearer 188 of sensitive confidential or financial information. For example, the UE 102 may be sending and/or receiving sensitive health records, medical reports, or biometric data over the trusted bearer 188 to the server 178 . In an embodiment, the server may be executing a trusted medical records application that stores the transmitted information in a data store and/or retrieves medical records information from a data store. The UE 102 may be embedded in a home medical apparatus such as a blood sugar level testing device used in a home by a diabetic patient under remote medical supervision. The UE 102 may transmit current blood sugar level readings linked to an identity of the diabetic patient over the trusted bearer 188 to the server 178 . In an embodiment, the home medical apparatus may prompt the user to provide a biometric signature that will be coupled to the sensor information to confirm the linkage of the sensed information with the user, for example to prevent fraud or to provide identification assurance. The biometric signature may be an encoded finger print provided by a fingerprint scanner coupled to the home medical apparatus. The biometric signature may be an encoded retina scan provided by a retina scanner coupled to the home medical apparatus. The biometric signature may be related to some other biological parameter or profile of the subject user. It is contemplated that the system 100 may be used to perform signaling to establish a trusted bearer path suitable for transporting or otherwise communicating a wide variety of sensitive information.

The UE 102 conducts some communications using a trusted communication bearer, for example a bearer path provided over a trusted end-to-end communication infrastructure. For more details on a trusted end-to-end communication infrastructure, see U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/532,588, filed Jun. 25, 2012, entitled “End-to-end Trusted Communications Infrastructure,” by Leo Michael McRoberts, et al., which was incorporated by reference above. As taught herein, trusted signaling may be employed to set-up or to initiate the trusted bearer path. The trusted signaling may involve the UE 102 , the enhanced node B 104 , the mobility management entity 108 , the home subscriber service 110 , the policy and charging rules function 112 , and/or the packet gateway 114 executing at least some instructions for signaling in their trust zones 124 , 134 , 144 , 154 , 164 , and/or 174 .

Turning now to FIG. 3 , a message sequence 200 is described. In an embodiment, the message sequence 200 may be performed when the UE 102 initially attaches to a long term evolution network, such as the network 106 illustrated in and described with reference to FIG. 1 . The UE 102 sends an attach request 202 to the mobility management entity 108 via the enhanced node B 104 . In response to receiving the attach request 202 , the mobility management entity 108 conducts an authentication procedure 204 with the home subscriber service 110 . It is understood that the authentication procedure 204 may entail one or more messages sent both to and from each of the mobility management entity 108 and the home subscriber service 110 . On completion of the authentication procedure 204 , the mobility management entity 108 conducts an authentication and key agreement procedure with the UE 102 via the enhanced node B 104 . It is understood that the authentication and key agreement procedure 206 may entail one or more messages sent both to and from each of the mobility management entity 108 and the UE 102 . At some later time, the UE 102 and the mobility management entity 108 may conduct security mode handshaking 208 that is not directly related to trusted signaling and may be pursuant to long term evolution wireless attachment procedures.

At some time, the UE 102 may wish to establish its potential for conducting trusted signaling and/or trusted bearer communications. Said in another way, at some indeterminate time but before initiating trusted signaling and/or trusted bearer communications, the UE 102 may wish to register with one or more nodes in the long term evolution wireless network as a UE capable of engaging in trusted communications. The UE 102 begins processing in its trust zone 124 at label 210 . The trust zone 124 of the UE 102 sends a trust zone request 212 to the enhanced node B 104 . The enhanced node B 104 , in response to receiving the trust zone request 212 , first begins processing in its trust zone 134 at label 214 , and then the trust zone 134 of the enhanced node B 104 sends a trust zone request 216 to the mobility management entity 108 . The mobility management entity 108 , in response to receiving the trust zone request 216 , first begins processing in its trust zone 144 at label 218 , and then the trust zone 144 of the mobility management entity 108 sends a trust zone request 220 to the home subscriber service 110 . The home subscriber service 110 , in response to receiving the trust zone request 220 , begins processing in its trust zone 154 at label 222 . The home subscriber service 110 optionally determines use parameters and then sends a trust acknowledge message 224 optionally containing the use parameters back to the trust zone 124 of the UE 102 via the trust zone 144 of the mobility management entity 108 and the trust zone 134 of the enhanced node B 104 .

Turning now to FIG. 4 , a message sequence 238 is described. In an embodiment, the message sequence 238 may be performed when the UE 102 desires to engage in trusted communication over a trusted bearer path. The message sequence 238 represents exemplary signaling that the UE 102 may engage in to request the long term evolution wireless network to provide a trusted bearer path. At label 240 , the UE 102 attaches to the long term evolution wireless network by messaging with the policy and charging rules function 112 via the enhanced node B 104 , the mobility management entity 108 , and the home subscriber service 110 (AuC function). At label 242 the UE 102 completes a packet service bearer activation procedure by messaging with the packet gateway 114 via the enhanced node B 104 , the mobility management entity 108 , the home subscriber service 110 (AuC function), and the policy and charging rules function 112 . The processing associated with labels 240 and 242 may be conventional and promote conventional untrusted bearer communication via the long term evolution wireless network on the part of the UE 102 .

At some time, the UE 102 may wish to communicate using a trusted bearer path. For example, the UE 102 may be embedded in a home medical apparatus and may desire to invoke a trusted network application executing on the server 178 to transmit and/or store medical sensor information in a data store coupled to the server 178 . At label 244 , the UE 102 begins processing in its trust zone 124 at label 244 . In a message sequence similar to that described above with respect to FIG. 3 , the UE 102 requests the enhanced node B 104 to execute in its trust zone 134 , the mobility management entity 108 to execute in its trust zone 144 , the home subscriber service 110 to execute in its trust zone 154 , the policy and charging rules function 112 to execute in its trust zone 164 , and the packet gateway 114 to execute in its trust zone 174 . The condition where these several nodes are executing in their trust zones is indicated by the box containing the text “processing in trust zone.” It is understood that the messages and/or procedures illustrated below this box containing the text “processing in trust zone” are conducted in the several trust zones of the subject network nodes and the UE 102 . The UE 102 sends a trusted service request 246 to the policy and charging rules function 112 via the enhanced node B 104 , the mobility management entity 108 , and the home subscriber service 110 . The policy and charging rules function 112 processes the trusted service request 246 at label 248 , optionally determining use parameters. The policy and charging rules function 112 then sends a trusted service acknowledgement message 250 that optionally contains use parameters back to the UE 102 via the home subscriber service 110 , the mobility management entity 108 , and the enhanced node B 104 .

At label 252 , a trusted bearer channel is activated between the UE 102 and the packet gateway 114 . It is understood that the radio link between the UE 102 and the enhanced node B 104 may be the first segment of the trusted bearer path. The packet gateway 114 may execute in its trust zone 174 to connect the UE 102 to a trusted end-to-end communication infrastructure. Said in another way, the packet gateway 114 may execute in its trust zone 174 to connect the UE 102 to a trusted bearer path and/or to provide a bearer path providing a continuity of trust, for example to connect the UE 102 to the server 178 via the trusted bearer path 188 .

Turning now to FIG. 5 , a message sequence 258 is described. In an embodiment, the message sequence 258 may be performed when the UE 102 desires to discontinue trusted communication over the trusted bearer path and resume communication over a normal bearer path or over an untrusted bearer path. The UE 102 may prefer to conduct normal communications over a normal bearer path or over an untrusted bearer path because the normal bearer path may provide higher throughput rates or because communicating over the normal bearer path may be associated with a more economical rating and/or billing schedule.

The label 260 represents a trusted bearer channel and/or trusted bearer path is provided to the UE 102 . The UE 102 sends a trust termination request 262 to the policy and charging rules function 112 via the enhanced node B 104 , the mobility management entity 108 , and the home subscriber service 110 . The policy and charging rules function 112 sends a trust termination acknowledgement 264 to the UE 102 via the home subscriber service 110 , the mobility management entity 108 , and the enhanced node B 104 .

In response to receiving the trust termination acknowledgement 264 , the UE 102 first sends an exit trust zone request 266 to the enhanced node B 104 and then at label 276 exits processing in its trust zone 124 and begins processing in its normal portion 122 . In response to receiving the exit trust zone request 266 , the enhanced node B 104 first sends an exit trust zone request 268 to the mobility management entity 108 and then at label 278 exits processing in its trust zone 134 and begins processing in its normal portion 134 . In response to receiving the exit trust zone request 268 , the mobility management entity 108 first sends an exit trust zone request 270 to the home subscriber service 110 and then at label 280 exits processing in its trust zone 144 and begins processing in its normal portion 142 . In response to receiving the exit trust zone request 270 , the home subscriber service 110 first sends an exit trust zone request 272 to the policy and charging rules function 112 and then at label 282 exits processing in its trust zone 154 and begins processing in its normal portion 152 . In response to receiving the exit trust zone request 272 , the policy and charging rules function 112 first sends an exit trust zone request 274 to the packet gateway 114 and then at label 284 exits processing in its trust zone 164 and begins processing in its normal portion 162 . In response to receiving the exit trust zone request 274 , the packet gateway 114 first mediates tearing down the trusted bearer path and then at label 286 exits processing in its trust zone 174 and begins processing in its normal portion 172 . Alternatively, other nodes in the trusted signaling path may mediate and/or control the tearing down of the trusted bearer path. The box containing the text “processing in normal CPU” represents all of the nodes and the UE 102 processing in their normal portions.

At label 288 , the UE 102 may send a normal connection request to the mobility management entity 108 via the enhanced node B 104 . At label 290 , the UE 102 may send an untrusted service request to the policy and charging rules function 112 via the enhanced node B 104 , the mobility management entity 108 , and the home subscriber service 110 . At label 292 , the UE 102 may communicate via a normal bearer channel via the enhanced node B 104 and the packet gateway 114 .

Turning now to FIG. 6 , a message sequence 298 is described. In an embodiment, the message sequence 298 may be performed when the UE 102 roams from a first service provider network into a second service provider network while the UE 102 is engaged in trusted communication using a trusted bearer path provided by the first service provider network. The box containing the text “processing in trust zone” represents that the several nodes and the UE 102 are processing in their respective trust zones. The label 300 shows the UE 102 engaged in communication over a trusted bearer channel via the enhanced node B 102 and the packet gateway 114 . At label 302 , in response to determining that the UE 102 is to roam into a second service provider network, either the UE 102 or the enhanced node B 104 sends a redirect request 302 to the mobility management entity 108 . The mobility management entity 108 performs a probe or investigation of the trust zone processing capability of the second service provider network. The second service provider network sends a trust zone to trust zone interface trusted connection approval 306 to the UE 102 via the mobility management entity 108 and the enhanced node B 104 . At label 308 , the UE 102 is illustrated communicating via a trusted bearer channel provided by the second service provider network.

While not illustrated in FIG. 6 , when the UE 102 is communicating via a trusted bearer channel provided by the second service provider network, the UE 102 may be provided a radio communication link by an enhanced node B operated by the second service provider network that is different from the enhanced node B 104 of the first service provider network. Likewise, the UE 102 may be coupled to the trusted bearer channel by a packet gateway operated by the second service provider network that is different from the packet gateway 114 of the first service provider network. In some cases, the packet gateway 114 of the first service provider network may continue to be a part of the trusted bearer channel or trusted bearer path, for example to connect to the server 178 which may continue to connected to the trusted bearer path even while the UE 102 has roamed into a foreign network or into the second service provider network.

It will be appreciated by one skilled in the art that the present disclosure contemplates a variety of alternative message sequences and flows based on the specific message sequences described above with reference to FIG. 3 , FIG. 4 , FIG. 5 , and FIG. 6 . For example, the flow of some messages may bypass some of the nodes described in the flow path from the UE 102 to other signaling nodes. Additionally, in some cases, the time sequence of some messages may be different. For example, in an embodiment, a node may exit its trust zone first and then send an exit trust zone request to another node. One skilled in the art will also appreciate that while the descriptions above are directed to the context of trusted communications in a long term evolution wireless network, that the descriptions may equally apply to other wireless communication networks. It is sometimes the case that new paradigms of communication that are first developed or invented for use in one communication system, for example the trusted signaling in a long term evolution wireless network described herein, may over time become a paradigm that is expropriated and used in later generation technologies.

Turning now to FIG. 7 , a method 320 is described. At block 322 , a trust zone request is received by an enhanced node B from an electronic device attached to a long term evolution (LTE) wireless network. For example, the enhanced node B 104 receives a trust zone request from the UE 102 . At block 324 , the trust zone request is forwarded from the enhanced node B to a home subscription server (HSS), wherein the enhanced node B forwards the trust zone request while executing in a trust zone of the enhanced node B, wherein the trust zone provides hardware assisted trust. At block 326 , a trust zone request acknowledgement is received by the enhanced node B from the home subscription server while executing in the trust zone of the enhanced node B. At block 328 , the trust zone request acknowledgement is forwarded by the enhanced node B to the electronic device, wherein the enhanced node B forwards the trust zone acknowledgement while executing in the trust zone of the enhanced node B. At block 330 , a trusted service request is received by the enhanced node B from the electronic device. At block 332 , the trusted service request is forwarded by the enhanced node B to a policy control rules function (PCRF) server, wherein the enhanced node B forwards the trusted service request while executing in the trust zone of the enhanced node B. At block 334 , a trusted service request acknowledgement is received by the enhanced node B from the policy control rules function server while executing in the trust zone of the enhanced node B. At block 336 , the trusted service request acknowledgement is forwarded to the electronic device, whereby the electronic device is provided a trusted bearer communication link

Turning now to FIG. 8 , a method 340 is described. At block 342 , a mobile communication device attaches via an enhanced node B to a long term evolution (LTE) wireless network. For example, the UE 102 attaches via the enhanced node B 104 to a long term evolution wireless network. At block 344 , signaling is performed on behalf of the mobile communication device to establish a trusted bearer communication link between the mobile communication device and the long term evolution wireless network. At block 346 , a trusted service termination request is received by the enhanced node B from the mobile communication device while executing in a trust zone of the enhanced node B. At block 348 , the trusted service termination request is forwarded by the enhanced node B while executing in the trust zone of the enhanced node B to at least one of a mobility management entity (MME), a home subscriber server (HSS), a packet gateway (P-GW), and a policy charging rules function (PCRF) server. At block 350 , a trusted service termination acknowledgment is received by the enhanced node B while executing in the trust zone of the enhanced node B. At block 352 , the trusted service termination acknowledgment is forwarded by the enhanced node B while executing in the trust zone of the enhanced node B.

Turning now to FIG. 9 , a method 360 is described. At block 362 , a mobile communication device attaches via a first enhanced node B to a first long term evolution (LTE) wireless network. For example the UE 102 attaches via the enhanced node B to a long term evolution wireless network of a first wireless service provider. At block 364 , signaling is performed on behalf of the mobile communication device to establish a trusted bearer communication link between the mobile communication device and the first long term evolution wireless network. At block 366 , a redirect request is transmitted by the first enhanced node B to a mobility management entity (MME). Alternatively, the mobile communication device may transmit the redirect request. A redirect request may be generated and transmitted, for example, when the mobile communication device roams from a radio access network of the first wireless service provider into the radio access network of a second wireless service provider.

At block 368 , the mobility management entity analyzes a signaling trust continuum in a second long term evolution wireless network. At block 370 , if the mobility management entity verifies the ability of the second long term evolution wireless network to support a trusted signaling path and/or a trusted bearer path, signaling is performed on behalf of the mobile communication device to establish a trusted bearer communication link between the mobile communication device and the second long term evolution wireless network. In an embodiment, this signaling may comprise forwarding a trust zone request from a second enhanced node B in the second long term evolution wireless network to a home subscription server (HSS) associated with the second long term evolution wireless network, wherein the second enhanced node B forwards the trust zone request while executing in a trust zone of the second enhanced node B and receiving a trust zone request acknowledgement by the second enhanced node B from the home subscription server while executing in the trust zone of the second enhanced node B. This signaling may further comprise forwarding the trust zone request acknowledgement by the second enhanced node B to the mobile communication device, wherein the second enhanced node B forwards the trust zone acknowledgement while executing in the trust zone of the second enhanced node B and receiving a trusted service request by the second enhanced node B from the mobile communication device.

FIG. 10 depicts the mobile device 400 , which is operable for implementing aspects of the present disclosure, but the present disclosure should not be limited to these implementations. Though illustrated as a mobile phone, the mobile device 400 may take various forms including a wireless handset, a pager, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a gaming device, a media player, or a wireless enabled computer, for example a long term evolution wireless enabled computer. The mobile device 400 includes a display 402 and a touch-sensitive surface and/or keys 404 for input by a user. The mobile device 400 may present options for the user to select, controls for the user to actuate, and/or cursors or other indicators for the user to direct. The mobile device 400 may further accept data entry from the user, including numbers to dial or various parameter values for configuring the operation of the handset. The mobile device 400 may further execute one or more software or firmware applications in response to user commands. These applications may configure the mobile device 400 to perform various customized functions in response to user interaction. Additionally, the mobile device 400 may be programmed and/or configured over-the-air, for example from a wireless base station, a wireless access point, or a peer mobile device 400 . The mobile device 400 may execute a web browser application which enables the display 402 to show a web page. The web page may be obtained via wireless communications with a base transceiver station, a wireless network access node, a peer mobile device 400 or any other wireless communication network or system.

FIG. 11 shows a block diagram of the mobile device 400 . While a variety of known components of handsets are depicted, in an embodiment a subset of the listed components and/or additional components not listed may be included in the mobile device 400 . The mobile device 400 includes a digital signal processor (DSP) 502 and a memory 504 . As shown, the mobile device 400 may further include an antenna and front end unit 506 , a radio frequency (RF) transceiver 508 , a baseband processing unit 510 , a microphone 512 , an earpiece speaker 514 , a headset port 516 , an input/output interface 518 , a removable memory card 520 , a universal serial bus (USB) port 522 , an infrared port 524 , a vibrator 526 , a keypad 528 , a touch screen liquid crystal display (LCD) with a touch sensitive surface 530 , a touch screen/LCD controller 532 , a camera 534 , a camera controller 536 , and a global positioning system (GPS) receiver 538 . In an embodiment, the mobile device 400 may include another kind of display that does not provide a touch sensitive screen. In an embodiment, the DSP 502 may communicate directly with the memory 504 without passing through the input/output interface 518 . Additionally, in an embodiment, the mobile device 400 may comprise other peripheral devices that provide other functionality.

The DSP 502 or some other form of controller or central processing unit operates to control the various components of the mobile device 400 in accordance with embedded software or firmware stored in memory 504 or stored in memory contained within the DSP 502 itself. In addition to the embedded software or firmware, the DSP 502 may execute other applications stored in the memory 504 or made available via information carrier media such as portable data storage media like the removable memory card 520 or via wired or wireless network communications. The application software may comprise a compiled set of machine-readable instructions that configure the DSP 502 to provide the desired functionality, or the application software may be high-level software instructions to be processed by an interpreter or compiler to indirectly configure the DSP 502 .

The DSP 502 may communicate with a wireless network via the analog baseband processing unit 510 . In some embodiments, the communication may provide Internet connectivity, enabling a user to gain access to content on the Internet and to send and receive e-mail or text messages. The input/output interface 518 interconnects the DSP 502 and various memories and interfaces. The memory 504 and the removable memory card 520 may provide software and data to configure the operation of the DSP 502 . Among the interfaces may be the USB port 522 and the infrared port 524 . The USB port 522 may enable the mobile device 400 to function as a peripheral device to exchange information with a personal computer or other computer system. The infrared port 524 and other optional ports such as a Bluetooth® interface or an IEEE 802.11 compliant wireless interface may enable the mobile device 400 to communicate wirelessly with other nearby handsets and/or wireless base stations.

The keypad 528 couples to the DSP 502 via the interface 518 to provide one mechanism for the user to make selections, enter information, and otherwise provide input to the mobile device 400 . Another input mechanism may be the touch screen LCD 530 , which may also display text and/or graphics to the user. The touch screen LCD controller 532 couples the DSP 502 to the touch screen LCD 530 . The GPS receiver 538 is coupled to the DSP 502 to decode global positioning system signals, thereby enabling the mobile device 400 to determine its position.

FIG. 12A illustrates a software environment 602 that may be implemented by the DSP 502 . The DSP 502 executes operating system software 604 that provides a platform from which the rest of the software operates. The operating system software 604 may provide a variety of drivers for the handset hardware with standardized interfaces that are accessible to application software. The operating system software 604 may be coupled to and interact with application management services (AMS) 606 that transfer control between applications 614 running on the mobile device 400 . Also shown in FIG. 12A are a web browser application 608 , a media player application 610 , and JAVA applets 612 . The web browser application 608 may be executed by the mobile device 400 to browse content and/or the Internet, for example when the mobile device 400 is coupled to a network via a wireless link. The web browser application 608 may permit a user to enter information into forms and select links to retrieve and view web pages. The media player application 610 may be executed by the mobile device 400 to play audio or audiovisual media. The JAVA applets 612 may be executed by the mobile device 400 to provide a variety of functionality including games, utilities, and other functionality.

FIG. 12B illustrates an alternative software environment 620 that may be implemented by the DSP 502 . The DSP 502 executes operating system software 628 (for example an operating system kernel) and an execution runtime 630 . The DSP 502 executes applications 622 that may execute in the execution runtime 630 and may rely upon services provided by the application framework 624 . Applications 622 and the application framework 624 may rely upon functionality provided via the libraries 626 .

FIG. 13 illustrates a computer system 380 suitable for implementing one or more embodiments disclosed herein. The computer system 380 includes a processor 382 (which may be referred to as a central processor unit or CPU) that is in communication with memory devices including secondary storage 384 , read only memory (ROM) 386 , random access memory (RAM) 388 , input/output (I/O) devices 390 , and network connectivity devices 392 . The processor 382 may be implemented as one or more CPU chips.

It is understood that by programming and/or loading executable instructions onto the computer system 380 , at least one of the CPU 382 , the RAM 388 , and the ROM 386 are changed, transforming the computer system 380 in part into a particular machine or apparatus having the novel functionality taught by the present disclosure. It is fundamental to the electrical engineering and software engineering arts that functionality that can be implemented by loading executable software into a computer can be converted to a hardware implementation by well known design rules. Decisions between implementing a concept in software versus hardware typically hinge on considerations of stability of the design and numbers of units to be produced rather than any issues involved in translating from the software domain to the hardware domain. Generally, a design that is still subject to frequent change may be preferred to be implemented in software, because re-spinning a hardware implementation is more expensive than re-spinning a software design. Generally, a design that is stable that will be produced in large volume may be preferred to be implemented in hardware, for example in an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), because for large production runs the hardware implementation may be less expensive than the software implementation. Often a design may be developed and tested in a software form and later transformed, by well known design rules, to an equivalent hardware implementation in an application specific integrated circuit that hardwires the instructions of the software. In the same manner as a machine controlled by a new ASIC is a particular machine or apparatus, likewise a computer that has been programmed and/or loaded with executable instructions may be viewed as a particular machine or apparatus.

The secondary storage 384 is typically comprised of one or more disk drives or tape drives and is used for non-volatile storage of data and as an over-flow data storage device if RAM 388 is not large enough to hold all working data. Secondary storage 384 may be used to store programs which are loaded into RAM 388 when such programs are selected for execution. The ROM 386 is used to store instructions and perhaps data which are read during program execution. ROM 386 is a non-volatile memory device which typically has a small memory capacity relative to the larger memory capacity of secondary storage 384 . The RAM 388 is used to store volatile data and perhaps to store instructions. Access to both ROM 386 and RAM 388 is typically faster than to secondary storage 384 . The secondary storage 384 , the RAM 388 , and/or the ROM 386 may be referred to in some contexts as computer readable storage media and/or non-transitory computer readable media.

I/O devices 390 may include printers, video monitors, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), touch screen displays, keyboards, keypads, switches, dials, mice, track balls, voice recognizers, card readers, paper tape readers, or other well-known input devices.

The network connectivity devices 392 may take the form of modems, modem banks, Ethernet cards, universal serial bus (USB) interface cards, serial interfaces, token ring cards, fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) cards, wireless local area network (WLAN) cards, radio transceiver cards such as code division multiple access (CDMA), global system for mobile communications (GSM), long-term evolution (LTE), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), and/or other air interface protocol radio transceiver cards, and other well-known network devices. These network connectivity devices 392 may enable the processor 382 to communicate with the Internet or one or more intranets. With such a network connection, it is contemplated that the processor 382 might receive information from the network, or might output information to the network in the course of performing the above-described method steps. Such information, which is often represented as a sequence of instructions to be executed using processor 382 , may be received from and outputted to the network, for example, in the form of a computer data signal embodied in a carrier wave.

Such information, which may include data or instructions to be executed using processor 382 for example, may be received from and outputted to the network, for example, in the form of a computer data baseband signal or signal embodied in a carrier wave. The baseband signal or signal embedded in the carrier wave, or other types of signals currently used or hereafter developed, may be generated according to several methods well known to one skilled in the art. The baseband signal and/or signal embedded in the carrier wave may be referred to in some contexts as a transitory signal.

The processor 382 executes instructions, codes, computer programs, scripts which it accesses from hard disk, floppy disk, optical disk (these various disk based systems may all be considered secondary storage 384 ), ROM 386 , RAM 388 , or the network connectivity devices 392 . While only one processor 382 is shown, multiple processors may be present. Thus, while instructions may be discussed as executed by a processor, the instructions may be executed simultaneously, serially, or otherwise executed by one or multiple processors. Instructions, codes, computer programs, scripts, and/or data that may be accessed from the secondary storage 384 , for example, hard drives, floppy disks, optical disks, and/or other device, the ROM 386 , and/or the RAM 388 may be referred to in some contexts as non-transitory instructions and/or non-transitory information.

In an embodiment, the computer system 380 may comprise two or more computers in communication with each other that collaborate to perform a task. For example, but not by way of limitation, an application may be partitioned in such a way as to permit concurrent and/or parallel processing of the instructions of the application. Alternatively, the data processed by the application may be partitioned in such a way as to permit concurrent and/or parallel processing of different portions of a data set by the two or more computers. In an embodiment, virtualization software may be employed by the computer system 380 to provide the functionality of a number of servers that is not directly bound to the number of computers in the computer system 380 . For example, virtualization software may provide twenty virtual servers on four physical computers. In an embodiment, the functionality disclosed above may be provided by executing the application and/or applications in a cloud computing environment. Cloud computing may comprise providing computing services via a network connection using dynamically scalable computing resources. Cloud computing may be supported, at least in part, by virtualization software. A cloud computing environment may be established by an enterprise and/or may be hired on an as-needed basis from a third party provider. Some cloud computing environments may comprise cloud computing resources owned and operated by the enterprise as well as cloud computing resources hired and/or leased from a third party provider.

In an embodiment, some or all of the functionality disclosed above may be provided as a computer program product. The computer program product may comprise one or more computer readable storage medium having computer usable program code embodied therein to implement the functionality disclosed above. The computer program product may comprise data structures, executable instructions, and other computer usable program code. The computer program product may be embodied in removable computer storage media and/or non-removable computer storage media. The removable computer readable storage medium may comprise, without limitation, a paper tape, a magnetic tape, magnetic disk, an optical disk, a solid state memory chip, for example analog magnetic tape, compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM) disks, floppy disks, jump drives, digital cards, multimedia cards, and others. The computer program product may be suitable for loading, by the computer system 380 , at least portions of the contents of the computer program product to the secondary storage 384 , to the ROM 386 , to the RAM 388 , and/or to other non-volatile memory and volatile memory of the computer system 380 . The processor 382 may process the executable instructions and/or data structures in part by directly accessing the computer program product, for example by reading from a CD-ROM disk inserted into a disk drive peripheral of the computer system 380 . Alternatively, the processor 382 may process the executable instructions and/or data structures by remotely accessing the computer program product, for example by downloading the executable instructions and/or data structures from a remote server through the network connectivity devices 392 . The computer program product may comprise instructions that promote the loading and/or copying of data, data structures, files, and/or executable instructions to the secondary storage 384 , to the ROM 386 , to the RAM 388 , and/or to other non-volatile memory and volatile memory of the computer system 380 .

In some contexts, the secondary storage 384 , the ROM 386 , and the RAM 388 may be referred to as a non-transitory computer readable medium or a computer readable storage media. A dynamic RAM embodiment of the RAM 388 , likewise, may be referred to as a non-transitory computer readable medium in that while the dynamic RAM receives electrical power and is operated in accordance with its design, for example during a period of time during which the computer 380 is turned on and operational, the dynamic RAM stores information that is written to it. Similarly, the processor 382 may comprise an internal RAM, an internal ROM, a cache memory, and/or other internal non-transitory storage blocks, sections, or components that may be referred to in some contexts as non-transitory computer readable media or computer readable storage media.

While several embodiments have been provided in the present disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed systems and methods may be embodied in many other specific forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure. The present examples are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the intention is not to be limited to the details given herein. For example, the various elements or components may be combined or integrated in another system or certain features may be omitted or not implemented.

Also, techniques, systems, subsystems, and methods described and illustrated in the various embodiments as discrete or separate may be combined or integrated with other systems, modules, techniques, or methods without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Other items shown or discussed as directly coupled or communicating with each other may be indirectly coupled or communicating through some interface, device, or intermediate component, whether electrically, mechanically, or otherwise. Other examples of changes, substitutions, and alterations are ascertainable by one skilled in the art and could be made without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed herein.