Battery monitor circuit, storage apparatus, electronic apparatus, electric-powered vehicle, and power system

The present application claims priority to Japanese Priority Patent Application JP 2011-145140 filed in the Japan Patent Office on Jun. 30, 2011, the entire content of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

The present disclosure relates to a battery monitor circuit, a storage apparatus, and an electronic apparatus, an electric-powered vehicle, and a power system which use power from the storage apparatus.

The application of secondary batteries such as lithium-ion batteries has rapidly expanded to a power storage apparatus that uses a new energy system such as a solar battery or a wind power generator with a secondary battery and a vehicle storage battery. In a case where many storage elements such as unit batteries (that are also referred to as electric cells or cells and will be hereinafter referred to as battery cells) are used so as to obtain high output power, a structure in which a plurality of storage modules are connected in series is employed. A storage module is formed of battery blocks each including a plurality of battery cells, for example, four battery cells connected in parallel and/or series. Many battery blocks are included in an exterior case, so that a storage module (also referred to as an assembled battery) is formed.

A structure (referred to as a battery system) in which a plurality of storage modules are connected and a common control apparatus is disposed for these storage modules has been proposed. Each of the storage modules includes a processing unit (microprocessor (MPU)), and the MPU and the control apparatus communicate with each other via a communication unit.

In a battery system, it is necessary to monitor the state of charge (SOC) of each battery cell so as to prevent the battery cell from being overcharged or overdischarged. For example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2011-030399 discloses the probability that variations in current consumption between management units (integrated circuits) for detecting the voltage of a block (storage module) will cause variations in charging state between blocks.

The number of battery cells (or parallel connections of battery cells, but hereinafter merely referred to as battery cells) in a storage module for which an integrated circuit (hereinafter referred to as a monitor Integrated Circuit (IC)) can perform voltage detection is limited. Accordingly, as illustrated in FIG. 1 , a battery monitor circuit 40 including a plurality of monitor ICs (a monitor IC 1 and a monitor IC 2 ) is provided in a single storage module.

Referring to FIG. 1 , ten battery cells B 1 to B 10 (for example lithium-ion secondary batteries) are connected in series, and form, for example, a single storage module. In a storage module, battery blocks each obtained by connecting a plurality of battery cells in parallel are used. However, for the simplification of explanation, a case in which only battery cells are used will be described.

The ten battery cells B 1 to B 10 are classified into two groups, a first group of the battery cells B 1 to B 5 connected in series and a second group of the battery cells B 6 to B 10 connected in series. The voltages of the battery cells B 1 to B 5 in the first group are detected by the monitor IC 1 via paths (not illustrated), and the voltages of the battery cells B 6 to B 10 in the second group are detected by the monitor IC 2 via paths (not illustrated). That is, since the maximum number of battery cells that can be monitored by a single monitor IC is limited, two monitor ICs, the monitor IC 1 and the monitor IC 2 , are used.

As a power supply for the monitor IC 1 and the monitor IC 2 , a power supply generated by the series connection of the battery cells B 1 to B 10 is used. That is, one power terminal (+ side) and the other power terminal (− side) of the monitor IC 1 are connected to one terminal (+ side) of the series connection of the battery cells B 1 to B 10 and the point of connection between the battery cells B 5 and B 6 , respectively. One power terminal (+ side) and the other power terminal (− side) of the monitor IC 2 are connected to the point of connection between the battery cells B 5 and B 6 and the other terminal (− side) of the series connection of the battery cells B 1 to B 10 , respectively. Each monitor IC operates with power supplied from the above-described power supply route, and performs the detection of the voltage of a battery cell and cell balance control. By connecting the point of connection between the battery cells B 5 and B 6 to a point of connection between the monitor IC 1 and the monitor IC 2 , the potential of the point of connection between the monitor IC 1 and the monitor IC 2 can be determined.

In a case where a current I 1 passing through the monitor IC 1 and a current I 2 passing through the monitor IC 2 are equal, no current flows between the point of connection between power terminals of the monitor IC 1 and the monitor IC 2 and the point of connection between the battery cells B 5 and B 6 . However, in a case where there is a difference in current consumption between the monitor IC 1 and the monitor IC 2 , the currents I 1 and I 2 are not equal and a differential current (I 1 −I 2 ) flows. For example, in a case where the relationship of I 1 +ΔI=I 2 is satisfied, a current I 1 +ΔI flows through the battery cells B 1 to B 5 and the current I 2 flows through the battery cells B 6 to B 10 .

In a case where there is a difference between discharge currents as described above, the capacity of the battery cells B 1 to B 5 is reduced more quickly than that of the battery cells B 6 to B 10 . The remaining battery capacity of the battery cells B 1 to B 5 and the remaining battery capacity of the battery cells B 6 to B 10 differ from each other. That is, the balance between the group of the battery cells B 1 to B 5 and the group of the battery cells B 6 to B 10 is lost. In spite of the fact that a monitor IC is a circuit used to keep the balance between battery cells, the monitor IC becomes the cause of the loss of the balance between battery cells.

Accordingly, it is desirable to provide a battery monitor circuit, a storage apparatus, an electronic apparatus, an electric-powered vehicle, and a power system which are capable of addressing a problem that the difference in current consumption between a plurality of monitor ICs causes the difference in the remaining battery capacity between battery cells and the loss of the balance between battery cells.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a battery monitor circuit that includes a first monitoring unit configured to detect voltages of battery cells included in a first group, a second monitoring unit configured to detect voltages of battery cells included in a second group, and a current cancellation unit configured to cancel a differential current that is a difference between a first current flowing through the first monitoring unit and a second current flowing through the second monitoring unit. The battery cells included in the first group and the battery cells included in the second group form a series connection. One terminal of the series connection and one power terminal of the first monitoring unit are connected, the other power terminal of the first monitoring unit and one power terminal of the second monitoring unit are connected, and the other power terminal of the second monitoring unit and the other terminal of the series connection are connected. The current cancellation unit is disposed between a connection point between the other power terminal of the first monitoring unit and one power terminal of the second monitoring unit and a middle connection point in the middle of the series connection.

With the above-described configuration, even in a case where there is a difference between the first current flowing through the first monitoring unit and the second current flowing through the second monitoring unit, a current flowing through the battery cells in the first group and a current flowing through the battery cells in the second group can be equal to each other.

A storage apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a series connection of a plurality of battery cells and a battery monitor circuit configured to detect voltages of the plurality of battery cells. The plurality of battery cells in the series connection are classified into at least two groups, a first group and a second group. The battery monitor circuit includes a first monitoring unit configured to detect voltages of battery cells included in the first group, a second monitoring unit configured to detect voltages of battery cells included in the second group, and a current cancellation unit configured to cancel a differential current that is a difference between a first current flowing through the first monitoring unit and a second current flowing through the second monitoring unit. One terminal of the series connection and one power terminal of the first monitoring unit are connected, the other power terminal of the first monitoring unit and one power terminal of the second monitoring unit are connected, and the other power terminal of the second monitoring unit and the other terminal of the series connection are connected. The current cancellation unit is disposed between a connection point between the other power terminal of the first monitoring unit and one power terminal of the second monitoring unit and a middle connection point in the middle of the series connection.

A storage apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes the above-described storage apparatus. Power is supplied to an electronic apparatus connected to the above-described storage apparatus.

An electronic apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure receives power from the above-described storage apparatus.

An electric-powered vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a conversion apparatus configured to receive power from the above-described storage apparatus and convert the power into a driving force for the vehicle and a control apparatus configured to perform information processing related to vehicle control on the basis of information about the above-described storage apparatus.

A power system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a power information transmission and receiving unit configured to transmit and receive a signal to and from another apparatus via a network. With information received by the power information transmission and receiving unit, charging control and discharging control are performed on the above-described storage apparatus.

A power system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure receives power from the above-described storage apparatus or supplies power from a generator or a power network to the above-described storage apparatus.

A first monitoring unit and a second monitoring unit are connected between one end and the other end of a series connection including a plurality of battery cells. A current cancellation unit is connected between a connection point between the first and second monitoring units and a middle connection point in the middle of the series connection. Even in a case where a differential current flows from the connection point between the first and second monitoring units to the current cancellation unit, the value of a current flowing from the current cancellation unit to the middle connection point in the middle of the series connection can be zero. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the differential current from causing the difference in the remaining battery capacity between first and second groups and the loss of the balance between the first and second groups.

Additional features and advantages are described herein, and will be apparent from the following Detailed Description and the figures.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram describing the problem of a monitor circuit;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an example of a storage system;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of another example of a storage system;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an example of a monitor IC;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a first example of a battery monitor circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a second example of a battery monitor circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a third example of a battery monitor circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a fourth example of a battery monitor circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9 is a block diagram describing an example of application of a storage system; and

FIG. 10 is a block diagram describing an example of application of a storage system.

Embodiments to be described below are preferred embodiments of the present disclosure and various technically-preferable limitations are given. However, it should be noted that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to these embodiments unless a description limiting the present disclosure is given in the following description.

[Outline of Storage System]

In a case where many storage elements such as battery cells are used so as to obtain high output power, a structure in which a plurality of storage modules are connected and a common control apparatus is disposed for these storage modules is employed. The structure will be hereinafter referred to as a battery system. A storage module includes a plurality of battery cells such as lithium-ion secondary batteries and a controller.

As illustrated in FIG. 2 , N storage modules MOD 1 to MODN are connected in series. The storage modules MOD 1 to MODN are connected to an interface bus BS via an insulating portion IS. For each storage module MOD, an insulating interface IF for connecting a module controller CNT and the external interface bus BS is disposed. The insulating interface IF provides insulation between the storage module MOD and the interface bus BS. Each module controller is connected to an integrated controller (hereinafter referred to as an output controller) ICNT. The output controller ICNT performs charge management, discharge management, and management for reduction in deterioration.

A bus in each storage module and the bus BS for connecting the storage modules MOD 1 to MODN to the output controller ICNT are serial interfaces. More specifically, as a serial interface, a system management (SM) bus is used. For example, an I2C bus can be used. An I2C bus is used for synchronous serial communication performed with two signal lines, a serial clock (SCL) line and a bi-directional serial data (SDA) line.

The controller CNT for each storage module MOD and the output controller ICNT communicate with each other. That is, the output controller ICNT receives information about the internal state of each storage module and manages charge processing and discharge processing performed on the storage module. The output controller ICNT supplies the output of the series connection of N storage modules to a load. The storage modules can be connected to one another. In a case where the output voltage of each storage module is set to, for example, 80 V and N is in the range of 1 to 5, an output voltage (80 V to 400 V) is generated at the output controller ICNT.

FIG. 3 is another example of a storage system. In the other example, the N storage modules MOD 1 to MODN are connected in series and each of them includes an insulating interface for providing the insulation between storage modules. A module controller for each storage module communicates with a higher-order storage module, a lower-order storage module, or an external output controller via corresponding one of photocouplers IFS 1 to IFSN that are insulating interfaces.

The output controller ICNT is connected to the lowest-order storage module MOD 1 . The output controller ICNT performs overall control of a battery system. The output controller ICNT receives information about the internal state of each storage module, and supplies and interrupts a charge current and a discharge current for the storage module so as to control the charging and discharging of the storage module.

[Monitor IC]

The present disclosure can be applied to each storage module in the above-described battery system. Each storage module includes a battery monitor circuit that is a detection unit for detecting the voltage of each battery cell and calculating the State Of Charge (SOC) of the battery cell. An example of a monitor IC forming the battery monitor circuit will be described with reference to FIG. 4 .

A monitor IC includes a cell balance circuit 50 and a control circuit 60 . The cell balance circuit 50 includes switching elements such as Field Effect Transistors (FETs) Q 1 , Q 2 , . . . , and QN connected in parallel to battery cells. A switching signal from a control circuit is supplied to the gates of the FETs Q 1 to QN. For example, in order to cause a battery cell having a voltage higher than that of the other battery cells to discharge, corresponding one of the FETs Q 1 to QN is turned on. The battery cell having a higher voltage discharges via the FET that has been turned on, so that the voltage of the battery cell is reduced.

Another storage module, a charge circuit, or a load is connected to both ends of the series connection (or the parallel connection) of N battery cells B 1 to BN. The control circuit 60 includes A/D converters (ADCs in the drawing) 61 - 1 , 61 - 2 , . . . , and 61 -N for detecting the voltages of the battery cells B 1 to BN and converting the detected voltages into digital signals, respectively. Digital signals output from the A/D converters 61 - 1 to 61 -N are supplied to a control IC (not illustrated). In order to prevent the increase in the number of A/D converters, a multiplexer may sequentially supply the voltages of a plurality of battery cells to an A/D converter.

The control IC included in the control circuit 60 is a microcomputer including, for example, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), and has a structure in which a Read-Only Memory (ROM) and a Random Access Memory (RAM) are connected to the CPU. The control IC performs voltage monitoring and cell balance control by executing a program stored in the ROM. As described previously, the detected voltages (digital values) of the battery cells are transmitted to the higher-order output controller ICNT by communication.

The output controller ICNT is notified that the voltage of each battery cell has reached a set upper limit or a set lower limit and is also notified of the SOC of each battery cell. The output controller ICNT generates a control signal and supplies the control signal to the control circuit 60 . The output controller ICNT performs charge management, discharge management, and management for reduction in deterioration.

[Battery Monitor Circuit]

The maximum number of battery cells that can be detected (monitored) by a single monitor IC is determined. Accordingly, a first example of a battery monitor circuit illustrated in FIG. 5 , that is, a battery monitor circuit 41 , uses the two monitor ICs, the monitor IC 1 and the monitor IC 2 , to detect the voltages of the ten battery cells B 1 to B 10 . The monitor IC 1 detects the voltages of the battery cells B 1 to B 5 , and the monitor IC 2 detects the voltages of the battery cells B 6 to B 10 .

One end (+ side) of a series connection of the battery cells B 1 to B 10 is connected to one power terminal (+ side) of the monitor IC 1 , the other power terminal (− side) of the monitor IC 1 is connected to one power terminal (+ side) of the monitor IC 2 , and the other power terminal (− side) of the monitor IC 2 is connected to the other end (− side) of the series connection of the battery cells B 1 to B 10 . Between a point of connection between the other power terminal of the monitor IC 1 and one power terminal of the monitor IC 2 and a point of connection between the battery cells B 5 and B 6 , a current cancellation unit is disposed.

The current cancellation unit is, for example, an operational amplifier OP. The point of connection between the power terminals of the monitor IC 1 and the monitor IC 2 is connected to an input terminal (− side) of the operational amplifier OP, and the point of connection between the battery cells B 5 and B 6 is connected to an input terminal (+ side) of the operational amplifier OP. An output terminal of the operational amplifier OP is connected to the input terminal (− side) of the operational amplifier OP. A resistor may be interposed between the output terminal and the input terminal (− side) of the operational amplifier OP as necessary. A power terminal (+ side) of the operational amplifier OP is connected to a terminal (+ side) of the battery cell B 1 , and a power terminal (− side) of the operational amplifier OP is connected to a terminal (− side) of the battery cell B 10 .

In a case where a current I 1 flowing from the power terminal (+ side) to the power terminal (− side) of the monitor IC 1 and a current I 2 flowing from the power terminal (+ side) to the power terminal (− side) of the monitor IC 2 are equal, no current flows between the point of connection between the power terminals of the monitor IC 1 and the monitor IC 2 and the point of connection between the battery cells B 5 and B 6 . However, in a case where they are not equal because of the difference in current consumption between the monitor ICs, a differential current (I 1 −I 2 ) flows.

Since the operational amplifier OP generates an output so that a negative-side input and a positive-side input are equal, no current flows between the input terminal (− side) and the input terminal (+ side) of the operational amplifier OP and the value of the differential current can be zero. An input current (I 1 −I 2 ) flows between the power terminals of the operational amplifier OP. Since the power terminals of the operational amplifier OP are connected in parallel to the series connection of the battery cells B 1 to B 10 , the current flowing between the power terminals has been supplied from the series connection of the battery cells B 1 to B 10 . That is, the current is a discharge current from the whole of the battery cells B 1 to B 10 . Accordingly, the difference in the remaining battery capacity between battery cells and the loss of the balance between battery cells, which occur in the battery monitor circuit 40 illustrated in FIG. 1 including no current cancellation unit formed of the operational amplifier OP, do not occur.

In a second example of a battery monitor circuit illustrated in FIG. 6 , that is, a battery monitor circuit 42 , one end (+ side) of the series connection of the battery cells B 1 to B 10 is connected to one power terminal (+ side) of the monitor IC 1 , and the other power terminal (− side) of the monitor IC 1 is connected to the point of connection between the battery cells B 5 and B 6 via a resistor R 1 . One power terminal (+ side) of the monitor IC 2 is connected to the point of connection between the battery cells B 5 and B 6 via the resistor R 1 , and the other power terminal (− side) of the monitor IC 2 is connected to the other end (− side) of the series connection of the battery cells B 1 to B 10 . In order to determine a power supply voltage for the monitor ICs, the point of connection between the battery cells B 5 and B 6 is connected to the point of connection between the power terminals of the monitor ICs via the resistor R 1 .

One end of the resistor R 1 on the side of the point of connection between the monitor IC 1 and the monitor IC 2 is connected to the input terminal (− side) of the operational amplifier OP, and the other end of the resistor R 1 on the side of the point of connection between the battery cells B 5 and B 6 is connected to the input terminal (+ side) of the operational amplifier OP. The output terminal of the operational amplifier OP is connected to the input terminal (− side) of the operational amplifier OP. A resistor may be interposed between the output terminal and the input terminal (− side) of the operational amplifier OP as necessary. The power terminal (+ side) of the operational amplifier OP is connected to the terminal (+ side) of the battery cell B 1 , and the power terminal (− side) of the operational amplifier OP is connected to the terminal (− side) of the battery cell B 10 .

In a case where the current I 1 flowing from the power terminal (+side) to the power terminal (− side) of the monitor IC 1 and the current I 2 flowing from the power terminal (+ side) to the power terminal (− side) of the monitor IC 2 are equal, no current flows between the point of connection between the power terminals of the monitor IC 1 and the monitor IC 2 and the point of connection between the battery cells B 5 and B 6 . However, in a case where they are not equal because of the difference in current consumption between the monitor ICs, a differential current (I 1 −I 2 ) flows via the resistor R 1 .

Since the operational amplifier OP generates an output so that a negative-side input and a positive-side input are equal, no current flows between the input terminal (− side) and the input terminal (+ side) of the operational amplifier OP via the resistor R 1 and the value of the differential current can be zero. An input current (I 1 −I 2 ) flows between the power terminals of the operational amplifier OP. Since the power terminals of the operational amplifier OP are connected in parallel to the series connection of the battery cells B 1 to B 10 , the current flowing between the power terminals has been supplied from the series connection of the battery cells B 1 to B 10 . That is, the current is a discharge current from the whole of the battery cells B 1 to B 10 . Accordingly, the difference in the remaining battery capacity between battery cells and the loss of the balance between battery cells, which occur in the battery monitor circuit 40 illustrated in FIG. 1 including no current cancellation unit formed of the operational amplifier OP and the resistor R 1 , do not occur.

In a third example of a battery monitor circuit illustrated in FIG. 7 , that is, a battery monitor circuit 43 , a power supply circuit PS+ is interposed between the power terminal (+ side) of the operational amplifier OP and the terminal (+ side) of the battery cell B 1 , and a power supply circuit PS− is interposed between the power terminal (− side) of the operational amplifier OP and the terminal (− side) of the battery cell B 10 . The power supply circuits PS+ and PS− reduce a voltage generated by the battery cells B 1 to B 10 , stabilize the voltage, and generate a power supply voltage for the operational amplifier OP. For example, in a case where the entire voltage of the battery cells B 1 to B 10 is 50 V (25 V on each side), the power supply circuits PS+ and PS− generate a power supply voltage (+2 V) for the positive side of the operational amplifier OP and a power supply voltage (−2 V) for the negative side of the operational amplifier OP, respectively. In a case where a voltage generated by the battery cells and a power supply voltage for the operational amplifier OP match, the power supply circuits do not have to be disposed like in the first and second examples. In the battery monitor circuit 43 that is the third example, the resistor R 1 does not have to be disposed.

In the present disclosure, more than two monitor ICs may be disposed. In a monitor circuit 44 that is a fourth example illustrated in FIG. 8 , the monitor IC 1 , the monitor IC 2 , and a monitor IC 3 are used. Battery cells B 1 to B 16 are classified into a first group (the battery cells B 1 to B 5 ), a second group (the battery cells B 6 to B 10 ), and a third group (the battery cells B 11 to B 16 ). The monitor IC 1 detects the voltages of five battery cells included in the first group, the monitor IC 2 detects the voltages of five battery cells included in the second group, and the monitor IC 3 detects the voltages of six battery cells included in the third group.

A point of connection between the power terminal (− side) of the monitor IC 1 and the power terminal (+ side) of the monitor IC 2 is connected to a point of connection between the battery cells B 5 and B 6 via the resistor R 1 . Both ends of the resistor R 1 are individually connected to input terminals (− side) and (+ side) of an operational amplifier OP 1 . An output terminal of the operational amplifier OP 1 is connected to the input terminal (− side) of the operational amplifier OP 1 . A power terminal (+ side) of the operational amplifier OP 1 is connected to the terminal (+ side) of the battery cell B 1 via a power supply circuit PS 1 +. A power terminal (− side) of the operational amplifier OP 1 is connected to a terminal (− side) of the battery cell B 16 via a power supply circuit PS 1 −. The power supply circuits PS 1 + and PS 1 − reduce a voltage generated by the series connection of the battery cells B 1 to B 16 , stabilize the voltage, and generate a positive power supply voltage to be supplied to the power terminal (+ side) of the operational amplifier OP 1 and a negative power supply voltage to be supplied to the power terminal (− side) of the operational amplifier OP 1 .

A point of connection between the power terminal (− side) of the monitor IC 2 and the power terminal (+ side) of the monitor IC 3 is connected to a point of connection between the battery cells B 10 and B 11 via a resistor R 2 . Both ends of the resistor R 2 are individually connected to input terminals (− side) and (+ side) of an operational amplifier OP 2 . An output terminal of the operational amplifier OP 2 is connected to the input terminal (− side) of the operational amplifier OP 2 . A power terminal (+ side) of the operational amplifier OP 2 is connected to the terminal (+ side) of the battery cell B 1 via a power supply circuit PS 2 +. A power terminal (− side) of the operational amplifier OP 2 is connected to the terminal (− side) of the battery cell B 16 via a power supply circuit PS 2 −. The power supply circuits PS 2 + and PS 2 − reduce a voltage generated by the series connection of the battery cells B 1 to B 16 , stabilize the voltage, and generate a positive power supply voltage to be supplied to the power terminal (+ side) of the operational amplifier OP 2 and a negative power supply voltage to be supplied to the power terminal (− side) of the operational amplifier OP 2 .

In the above-described structure, even in a case where the difference (differential current) between the current I 1 flowing through the monitor IC 1 and the current I 2 flowing through the monitor IC 2 is not zero, the differential current does not flow through the point of connection between the battery cells B 5 and B 6 . Even in a case where the difference (differential current) between the current I 2 flowing through the monitor IC 2 and a current I 3 flowing through the monitor IC 3 is not zero, the differential current does not flow through the point of connection between the battery cells B 10 and B 11 . Accordingly, the difference in the remaining battery capacity among three groups and the loss of the balance among three groups can be prevented from being caused by differential currents. In the monitor circuit 44 that is the fourth example, the resistors R 1 and R 2 do not have to be disposed.

The present disclosure can realize the following configuration.

(1) A battery monitor circuit including:

a first monitoring unit configured to detect voltages of battery cells included in a first group;

a second monitoring unit configured to detect voltages of battery cells included in a second group; and

a current cancellation unit configured to cancel a differential current that is a difference between a first current flowing through the first monitoring unit and a second current flowing through the second monitoring unit, and

wherein the battery cells included in the first group and the battery cells included in the second group form a series connection,

wherein one terminal of the series connection and one power terminal of the first monitoring unit are connected, the other power terminal of the first monitoring unit and one power terminal of the second monitoring unit are connected, and the other power terminal of the second monitoring unit and the other terminal of the series connection are connected, and

wherein the current cancellation unit is disposed between a connection point between the other power terminal of the first monitoring unit and one power terminal of the second monitoring unit and a middle connection point in the middle of the series connection.

(2) The battery monitor circuit according to (1),

wherein the current cancellation unit is an operational amplifier having a negative-side input terminal connected to the connection point, a positive-side input terminal connected to the middle connection point, and an output terminal connected to the negative-side input terminal, and

wherein positive-side power and negative-side power for the operational amplifier are supplied from one terminal and the other terminal of the series connection, respectively.

(3) The battery monitor circuit according to (1),

wherein the current cancellation unit is an operational amplifier having a negative-side input terminal connected to the connection point, a positive-side input terminal connected to the middle connection point, and an output terminal connected to the negative-side input terminal, and

wherein one terminal of the series connection is connected to a positive-side power terminal of the operational amplifier via a first power supply circuit, and the other terminal of the series connection is connected to a negative-side power terminal of the operational amplifier via a second power supply circuit.

(4) The battery monitor circuit according to (1), wherein cell balance control is performed so that charging amounts of the battery cells in the series connection are equal to one another.

(5) A storage apparatus including:

a series connection of a plurality of battery cells; and

a battery monitor circuit configured to detect voltages of the plurality of battery cells, and

wherein the plurality of battery cells in the series connection are classified into at least two groups, a first group and a second group,

wherein the battery monitor circuit includes,

a first monitoring unit configured to detect voltages of battery cells included in the first group,

a second monitoring unit configured to detect voltages of battery cells included in the second group, and

a current cancellation unit configured to cancel a differential current that is a difference between a first current flowing through the first monitoring unit and a second current flowing through the second monitoring unit,

wherein one terminal of the series connection and one power terminal of the first monitoring unit are connected, the other power terminal of the first monitoring unit and one power terminal of the second monitoring unit are connected, and the other power terminal of the second monitoring unit and the other terminal of the series connection are connected, and

wherein the current cancellation unit is disposed between a connection point between the other power terminal of the first monitoring unit and one power terminal of the second monitoring unit and a middle connection point in the middle of the series connection.

(6) A storage apparatus including the storage apparatus according to (5), and

wherein power is supplied to an electronic apparatus connected to the storage apparatus.

(7) An electronic apparatus that receives power from the storage apparatus according to (5).

(8) An electric-powered vehicle including:

a conversion apparatus configured to receive power from the storage apparatus according to (5) and convert the power into a driving force for the vehicle; and

a control apparatus configured to perform information processing related to vehicle control on the basis of information about the storage apparatus.

(9) A power system including a power information transmission and receiving unit configured to transmit and receive a signal to and from another apparatus via a network, and

wherein, with information received by the power information transmission and receiving unit, charging control and discharging control are performed on the storage apparatus according to (5).

(10) A power system that receives power from the storage apparatus according to (5) or supplies power from a generator or a power network to the storage apparatus.

[Home Storage System as Application Example]

An example of application of the present disclosure to a home storage system will be described with reference to FIG. 9 . For example, in a storage system 100 for a house 101 , power is supplied from a centralized electric power system 102 for performing thermal power generation 102 a , nuclear electric power generation 102 b , and hydraulic power generation 102 c to a storage apparatus 103 via a power network 109 , an information network 112 , a smart meter 107 , and a power hub 108 . In addition, power is supplied from a home power generation apparatus 104 that is an independent power source to the storage apparatus 103 . The storage apparatus 103 stores supplied power and supplies power to be used in the house 101 . Not only in the house 101 but also in a building, a similar storage system can be used.

In the house 101 , the power generation apparatus 104 , power consumption apparatuses 105 , the storage apparatus 103 , a control apparatus 110 for controlling each apparatus, the smart meter 107 , and sensors 111 for acquiring various pieces of information are disposed. These apparatuses are connected to one another via the power network 109 and the information network 112 . As the power generation apparatus 104 , a solar battery or a fuel cell is used. Power generated by the power generation apparatus 104 is supplied to the power consumption apparatuses 105 and/or the storage apparatus 103 . The power consumption apparatuses 105 include, for example, a refrigerator 105 a , an air conditioner 105 b , a television receiver 105 c , and a bath 105 d . The power consumption apparatuses 105 further include electric-powered vehicles 106 . The electric-powered vehicles 106 include an electric car 106 a , a hybrid car 106 b , and an electric motorcycle 106 c.

The above-described storage system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is applied to the storage apparatus 103 . The storage apparatus 103 includes a secondary battery or a capacitor. For example, the storage apparatus 103 includes a lithium-ion battery. The lithium-ion battery may be a stationary lithium-ion battery or may be used in the electric-powered vehicles 106 . The smart meter 107 has a function of measuring commercial electric power usage and notifying a power company of the measured commercial electric power usage. The power network 109 may employ one of DC feeding, AC feeding, and noncontact feeding or employ them in combination.

The various sensors 111 include, for example, a human detection sensor, an illumination detection sensor, an object detection sensor, an electric power usage sensor, a vibration sensor, a contact sensor, a temperature sensor, and an infrared sensor. Pieces of information acquired by the various sensors 111 are transmitted to the control apparatus 110 . The control apparatus 110 determines weather conditions and human conditions on the basis of pieces of information from the sensors 111 and automatically controls the power consumption apparatuses 105 . As a result, energy consumption can be minimized. Furthermore, the control apparatus 110 can externally transmit information about the house 101 to a power company via the Internet.

The power hub 108 performs processing for allowing a power line to branch off and processing for converting a direct current into an alternating current. As a communication method of the information network 112 connected to the control apparatus 110 , a method using a communication interface such as a Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transceiver (UART) or a method using a sensor network compliant with a radio communication standard such as Bluetooth, ZigBee, or Wi-Fi is employed. Bluetooth is used for multimedia communication and realizes communication over multipoint connections. ZigBee uses a physical layer in Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.15.4. IEEE 802.15.4 is a name of a near field communication standard called Personal Area Network (PAN) or Wireless (W) PAN.

The control apparatus 110 is connected to an external server 113 . The server 113 may be managed by one of the house 101 , a power company, and a service provider. Pieces of information received by or transmitted from the server 113 include, for example, power usage information, life pattern information, information about electric power rates, weather information, natural disaster information, and electric power trading information. These pieces of information may be transmitted from or received by a power consumption apparatus (for example a television receiver) in the house or an apparatus (for example a mobile telephone) outside the house. These pieces of information may be displayed on an apparatus having a display function, for example, a television receiver, a mobile telephone, or a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA).

The control apparatus 110 for controlling each unit is formed of a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Random Access Memory (RAM), and a Read-Only Memory (ROM), and is included in the storage apparatus 103 in this example. The control apparatus 110 is connected to the storage apparatus 103 , the home power generation apparatus 104 , the power consumption apparatuses 105 , the various sensors 111 , and the server 113 via the information network 112 . The control apparatus 110 has, for example, a function of controlling commercial electric power usage and the amount of power generation, and may have a function of performing electric power trading in an electric power market.

As described above, not only power generated by the centralized electric power system 102 for performing the thermal power generation 102 a , the nuclear electric power generation 102 b , and the hydraulic power generation 102 c but also power generated by the home power generation apparatus 104 for performing solar-electric power generation and wind power generation can be stored in the storage apparatus 103 . Accordingly, irrespective of the amount of power generated by the home power generation apparatus 104 , control processing for stabilizing the amount of power to be externally transmitted or control processing for setting the necessary amount of discharge can be performed. For example, power obtained by solar-electric power generation and low-priced midnight electric power can be stored in the storage apparatus 103 , and the power stored in the storage apparatus 103 can be used during the daytime in which high electric power rates are set.

In this example, the control apparatus 110 is included in the storage apparatus 103 . However, the control apparatus 110 may be included in the smart meter 107 or does not have to be included in an apparatus. The storage system 100 may be used for a plurality of families in an apartment house or a plurality of detached houses.

[Intra-Vehicle Storage System as Application Example]

An example of application of the present disclosure to an intra-vehicle storage system will be described with reference to FIG. 10 . FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a structure of a hybrid vehicle employing a series hybrid system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. A vehicle employing a series hybrid system is a vehicle that is moved by an electric power/driving force conversion apparatus with power generated by a generator driven by an engine or power that has been generated by the generator and has been temporarily stored in a battery.

A hybrid vehicle 200 includes an engine 201 , a generator 202 , an electric power/driving force conversion apparatus 203 , a driving wheel 204 a , a driving wheel 204 b , a wheel 205 a , a wheel 205 b , a battery 208 , a vehicle control apparatus 209 , various sensors 210 , and a charge inlet 211 . A storage system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is applied to the battery 208 .

The hybrid vehicle 200 moves with power from the electric power/driving force conversion apparatus 203 . The electric power/driving force conversion apparatus 203 is, for example, a monitor. The electric power/driving force conversion apparatus 203 is operated with power from the battery 208 , and the rotational force of the electric power/driving force conversion apparatus 203 is transmitted to the driving wheels 204 a and 204 b . As the electric power/driving force conversion apparatus 203 , an AC motor and a DC motor can be used by disposing a DC-AC converter or an AC-DC converter at a necessary position. The sensors 210 control the number of revolutions of an engine via the vehicle control apparatus 209 and control the degree of opening of a throttle valve (not illustrated). The sensors 210 include a speed sensor, an acceleration sensor, and a sensor for detecting the number of revolutions of an engine.

The rotational force of the engine 201 is transmitted to the generator 202 . With the rotational force, the generator 202 generates power. The power can be stored in the battery 208 .

When the speed of a hybrid vehicle is reduced by a brake mechanism (not illustrated), a resistance at the time of the reduction in the speed of the hybrid vehicle is transmitted to the electric power/driving force conversion apparatus 203 as a rotational force. The electric power/driving force conversion apparatus 203 generates regenerative electric power with the rotational force and stores the generated regenerative electric power in the battery 208 .

The battery 208 can be connected to an external power supply outside the hybrid vehicle, receive power from the external power supply via the charge inlet 211 , and store the received power.

Although not illustrated, an information processing apparatus for performing information processing related to vehicle control on the basis of information about a secondary battery may be disposed. The information processing apparatus is, for example, an information processing apparatus for displaying the amount of remaining battery power on the basis of information about the amount of remaining battery power.

A series hybrid car that is moved by a motor with power generated by a generator driven by an engine or power that has been generated by the generator and temporarily stored in a battery has been described. However, the present disclosure can be effectively applied to a parallel hybrid car that uses both outputs of an engine and a motor as a driving force and switches among three driving methods, driving with only an engine, driving with only a motor, and driving with both an engine and a motor. In addition, the present disclosure can be effectively applied to an electric-powered vehicle that is moved not by an engine but by only a driving motor.

[Modification]

Embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail. However, the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes can be made on the basis of the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. For example, as the above-described battery cell, a secondary battery other than a lithium-ion secondary battery may be used. Furthermore, the structures, methods, processes, shapes, materials, numerical values, and the like described in the above-described embodiments have been described by way of example, and structures, methods, processes, shapes, materials, numerical values, and the like different from those described above may be used as appropriate.

Furthermore, the structures, methods, processes, shapes, materials, numerical values, and the like described in the above-described embodiments can be used in combination without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

It should be understood that various changes and modifications to the presently preferred embodiments described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present subject matter and without diminishing its intended advantages. It is therefore intended that such changes and modifications be covered by the appended claims.