Battery heating circuits and methods using resonance components in series

1. CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 201010245288.0, filed Jul. 30, 2010, Chinese Patent Application No. 201010274785.3, filed Aug. 30, 2010, and Chinese Patent Application No. 201010603658.3, filed Dec. 23, 2010, all these three applications being incorporated by reference herein for all purposes.

Additionally, this application is related to International Application Publication No. WO2010/145439A1 and Chinese Application Publication No. CN102055042A, both these two applications being incorporated by reference herein for all purposes.

2. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention pertains to electric and electronic field, in particular related to a battery heating circuit.

Considering cars need to run under complex road conditions and environmental conditions or some electronic devices are used under harsh environmental conditions, the battery, which serves as the power supply unit for electric-motor cars or electronic devices, need to be adaptive to these complex conditions. In addition, besides these conditions, the service life and charge/discharge cycle performance of the battery need to be taken into consideration; especially, when electric-motor cars or electronic devices are used in low temperature environments, the battery needs to have outstanding low-temperature charge/discharge performance and higher input/output power performance.

Usually, under low temperature conditions, the resistance of the battery will increase, and so will the polarization; therefore, the capacity of the battery will be reduced.

To keep the capacity of the battery and improve the charge/discharge performance of the battery under low temperature conditions, some embodiments of the present invention provide a battery heating circuit.

3. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The objective of certain embodiments of the present invention is to provide a battery heating circuit, in order to solve the problem of decreased capacity of the battery caused by increased resistance and polarization of the battery under low temperature conditions.

According to one embodiment, the battery heating circuit provided in the present invention comprises a switch unit, a switching control module, a damping component R 1 , and an energy storage circuit, wherein: the energy storage circuit is connected with the battery and comprises a current storage component L 1 and a charge storage component C 1 ; the damping component, the switch unit, the current storage component L 1 and the charge storage component C 1 are connected in series; the switching control module is connected with the switch unit, and is configured to control the switch unit to switch on or switch off, so as to control the energy flowing between the battery and the energy storage circuit.

According to some embodiments, the heating circuit provided in the present invention can improve the charge/discharge performance of the battery; in addition, for example, since the energy storage circuit is connected with the battery in series in the heating circuit, safety problem related with failures and short circuit caused by failure of the switch unit can be avoided when the battery is heated due to the existence of the charge storage component connected in series, and therefore the battery can be protected effectively.

Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will be further described in detail in the following section for embodiments.

4. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, as a part of this description, are provided here to facilitate further understanding of the present invention, and are used in conjunction with the following embodiments to explain the present invention, but shall not be comprehended as constituting any limitation on the present invention. In the figures:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a battery heating circuit according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a battery heating circuit that includes an energy consumption unit according to anther embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the energy consumption unit as part of the battery heating circuit as shown in FIG. 2 according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the switch unit as part of the battery heating circuit as shown in FIG. 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the switch unit as part of the battery heating circuit as shown in FIG. 1 according to another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the switch unit as part of the battery heating circuit as shown in FIG. 1 according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the switch unit as part of the battery heating circuit as shown in FIG. 1 according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the switch unit as part of the battery heating circuit as shown in FIG. 1 according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the switch unit as part of the battery heating circuit as shown in FIG. 1 according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the switch unit as part of the battery heating circuit as shown in FIG. 1 according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the switch unit as part of the battery heating circuit as shown in FIG. 1 according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a battery heating circuit according to one embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 13 is a timing diagram of waveforms of the heating circuit as shown in FIG. 12 according to one embodiment of the present invention.

5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Certain embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be appreciated that the embodiments described here are only provided to describe and explain the present invention, but shall not be deemed as constituting any limitation on the present invention.

It is noted that, unless otherwise specified, when mentioned hereafter in this description, the term “switching control module” may refer to any controller that can output control commands (e.g., pulse waveforms) under preset conditions or at preset times and thereby control the switch unit connected to it to switch on or switch off accordingly, according to some embodiments. For example, the switching control module can be a PLC. Unless otherwise specified, when mentioned hereafter in this description, the term “switch” may refer to a switch that enables ON/OFF control by using electrical signals or enables ON/OFF control on the basis of the characteristics of the component according to certain embodiments. For example, the switch can be either a one-way switch (e.g., a switch composed of a two-way switch and a diode connected in series, which can be conductive in one direction) or a two-way switch (e.g., a Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) or an IGBT with an anti-parallel freewheeling diode). Unless otherwise specified, when mentioned hereafter in this description, the term “two-way switch” may refer to a switch that can be conductive in two directions, which can enable ON/OFF control by using electrical signals or enable ON/OFF control on the basis of the characteristics of the component according to some embodiments. For example, the two-way switch can be a MOSFET or an IGBT with an anti-parallel freewheeling diode. Unless otherwise specified, when mentioned hereafter in this description, the term “one-way semiconductor component” may refer to a semiconductor component that can be conductive in one direction, such as a diode, according to certain embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, when mentioned hereafter in this description, the term “charge storage component” may refer to any device that can enable charge storage, such as a capacitor, according to some embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, when mentioned hereafter in this description, the term “current storage component” may refer to any device that can store current, such as an inductor, according to certain embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, when mentioned hereafter in this description, the term “forward direction” may refer to the direction in which the energy flows from the battery to the energy storage circuit, and the term “reverse direction” may refer to the direction in which the energy flows from the energy storage circuit to the battery, according to some embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, when mentioned hereafter in this description, the term “battery” may comprise primary battery (e.g., dry battery or alkaline battery, etc.) and secondary battery (e.g., lithium-ion battery, nickel-cadmium battery, nickel-hydrogen battery, or lead-acid battery, etc.), according to certain embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, when mentioned hereafter in this description, the term “damping component” may refer to any device that inhibits current flow and thereby enables energy consumption, such as a resistor, etc., according to some embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, when mentioned hereafter in this description, the term “main loop” may refer to a loop composed of battery, damping component, switch unit and energy storage circuit connected in series according to certain embodiments.

It should be noted specially that, considering different types of batteries have different characteristics, in some embodiments of the present invention, “battery” may refer to an ideal battery that does not have internal parasitic resistance and parasitic inductance or has very low internal parasitic resistance and parasitic inductance, or may refer to a battery pack that has internal parasitic resistance and parasitic inductance; therefore, those skilled in the art should appreciate that if the battery is an ideal battery that does not have internal parasitic resistance and parasitic inductance or has very low internal parasitic resistance and parasitic inductance, the damping component R 1 may refer to a damping component external to the battery and the current storage component L 1 may refer to a current storage component external to the battery; if the battery is a battery pack that has internal parasitic resistance and parasitic inductance, the damping component R 1 may refer to a damping component external to the battery or refer to the parasitic resistance in the battery pack, and the current storage component L 1 may refer to a current storage component external to the battery or refer to the parasitic inductance in the battery pack, according to certain embodiments.

To ensure the normal service life of the battery, according to some embodiments, the battery can be heated under low temperature condition, which is to say, when the heating condition is met, the heating circuit is controlled to start heating for the battery; when the heating stop condition is met, the heating circuit is controlled to stop heating, according to certain embodiments.

In the actual application of battery, the battery heating condition and heating stop condition can be set according to the actual ambient conditions, to ensure normal charge/discharge performance of the battery, according to some embodiments.

To heat up a battery E in low temperature environment, one embodiment of the present invention provides a heating circuit for battery E; as shown in FIG. 1 , the heating circuit comprises a switch unit 1 , a switching control module 100 , a damping component R 1 , and an energy storage circuit, wherein: the energy storage circuit is connected with the battery, and comprises a current storage component L 1 and a charge storage component C 1 ; the damping component R 1 , switch unit 1 , current storage component L 1 , and charge storage component C 1 are connected in series; the switching control module 100 is connected with the switch unit 1 , configured to control the switch unit 1 to switch on and off, so as to control the energy flowing between the battery and the energy storage circuit, according to one embodiment.

With the technical solution of certain embodiments of the present invention, when the heating condition is met, the switching control module 100 controls the switch unit 1 to switch on, and thus the battery E is connected with the energy storage circuit in series to form a loop, and can discharge through the loop (i.e., charge the charge storage component C 1 ); when the current in the loop reaches zero in forward direction after the peak current, the charge storage component C 1 begins to discharge through the loop, i.e., charge the battery E; in the charge/discharge process of the battery E, the current in the loop always passes through the damping component R 1 , no matter whether the current flows in forward direction or reverse direction, and thus the battery E is heated up by the heat generated in the damping component R 1 ; by controlling the ON/OFF time of the switch unit 1 , the battery E can be controlled to heat up only in discharge mode or in both discharge mode and charge mode. When the heating stop condition is met, the switching control module 100 can control the switch unit 1 to switch off and thereby stop the operation of the heating circuit, according to some embodiments.

To prevent the charge storage component C 1 from charging the battery E at low temperature and to ensure the charge/discharge performance of the battery E, in an embodiment of the heating circuit provided in the present invention, the switching control module 100 is configured to control ON/OFF of the switch unit 1 , so as to control the energy to flow from the battery E to the energy storage circuit only, and thus prevent the charging of battery E by the charge storage component C 1 .

According to one embodiment, to keep the circuit operating cyclically, part of the energy stored in the charge storage component C 1 needs to be consumed whenever the switch unit 1 switches off; therefore, as shown in FIG. 2 , the heating circuit further comprises an energy consumption unit connected with the charge storage component C 1 , configured to consume the energy in the charge storage component C 1 after the switch unit 1 switches on and then switches off.

In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 3 , the energy consumption unit comprises a voltage control unit 101 , which is configured to convert the voltage across the charge storage component C 1 to a predetermined value of voltage after the switch unit 1 switches on and then switches off. The preset value of voltage can be set as needed.

In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 3 , the voltage control unit 101 comprises a damping component R 5 and a switch K 8 , wherein: the damping component R 5 and the switch K 8 are connected with each other in series, and then connected in parallel across the charge storage component C 1 ; the switching control module 100 is also connected with the switch K 8 , and is configured to control the switch K 8 to switch on after the switch unit 1 switches on and then switches off. Thus, whenever the switch unit 1 switches off, the energy in the charge storage component C 1 can be consumed across the damping component R 5 .

In one embodiment in which the energy flows from the battery E to the energy storage circuit only, the switching control module 100 is configured to control the switch unit 1 to switch off when or before the current that flows through the switch unit 1 reaches zero after the switch unit 1 switches on, as long as the current is controlled to flow from the battery E to the charge storage component C 1 only.

In order to control the energy to flow from the battery E to the charge storage component C 1 only, in one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4 , the switch unit 1 comprises a switch K 1 and a one-way semiconductor component D 1 , wherein: the switch K 1 and the one-way semiconductor component D 1 are connected with each other in series, and then connected in series in the energy storage circuit; the switching control module 100 is connected with the switch K 1 , and is configured to control ON/OFF of the switch unit 1 by controlling ON/OFF of the switch K 1 . By connecting a one-way semiconductor component D 1 in series in the circuit, energy backflow from the charge storage component C 1 can be prevented, and thereby charging of battery E can be avoided in case the switch K 1 fails, according to one embodiment.

According to another embodiment, since the current drop rate is very high when the switch K 1 switches off, high over-voltage will be induced on the current storage component L 1 and may cause damage to the switch K 1 because the current and voltage are beyond the safe working range. Therefore, for example, preferably the switching control module 100 is configured to control the switch K 1 to switch off when the current flow through the switch unit 1 reaches zero after the switch unit 1 switches on.

To improve heating efficiency, preferably, in another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 5 , the switching control module 100 is configured to control the switch unit 1 to switch off before the current flow through the switch unit 1 reaches zero after the switch unit 1 switches on; the switch unit 1 comprises a one-way semiconductor component D 9 , a one-way semiconductor component D 10 , a switch K 2 , a damping component R 4 , and a charge storage component C 3 , wherein: the one-way semiconductor component D 9 and the switch K 2 are connected in series in the energy storage circuit, the damping component R 4 and the charge storage component C 3 are connected in series, and then connected in parallel across the switch K 2 ; the one-way semiconductor component D 10 is connected in parallel across the damping component R 4 , and is configured to sustain the current to the current storage component L 1 when the switch K 2 switches off; the switching control module 100 is connected with the switch K 2 , and is configured to control ON/OFF of the switch unit 1 by controlling ON/OFF of the switch K 2 , according to one embodiment.

According to yet another embodiment, the one-way semiconductor component D 10 , damping component R 4 , and charge storage component C 3 form an absorption loop, which is configured to reduce the current drop rate in the energy storage circuit when the switch K 2 switches off. Thus, when the switch K 2 switches off, the induced voltage generated on the current storage component L 1 will force the one-way semiconductor component D 10 to switch on and enables current freewheeling with the charge storage component C 3 , so as to reduce the current change rate in the current storage component L 1 and to suppress the induced voltage across the current storage component L 1 , to ensure the voltage across the switch K 2 is within the safe working range. When the switch K 2 switches on again, the energy stored in the charge storage component C 3 can be consumed through the damping component R 4 .

According to yet another embodiment, in order to improve the working efficiency of the heating circuit, the energy can be controlled to flow back-and-forth between the battery E and the energy storage circuit, so as to utilize current flow through the damping component R 1 in both forward direction and reverse direction to enable heating.

Therefore, in one embodiment of the heating circuit provided in the present invention, the switching control module 100 is configured to control ON/OFF of the switch unit 1 , so that the energy flows back-and-forth between the battery E and the energy storage circuit when the switch unit 1 is in ON state.

To enable energy flow back-and-forth between the battery E and the energy storage circuit, in one embodiment of the present invention, the switch unit 1 is a two-way switch K 3 ; as shown in FIG. 6 , the switching control module 100 controls ON/OFF of the two-way switch K 3 , i.e., when the battery E needs to be heated, the two-way switch K 3 can be controlled to switch on, when heating is to be paused or is not needed, the two-way switch K 3 can be controlled to switch off.

Employing a separate two-way switch K 3 to implement the switch unit 1 may simplify the circuit, reduce system footprint, and facilitate the implementation; however, to implement cut-off of reverse current, the following embodiment of the switch unit 1 is further provided in the present invention.

For example, preferably, the switch unit 1 comprises a first one-way branch configured to enable energy flow from the battery E to the energy storage circuit, and a second one-way branch configured to enable energy flow from the energy storage circuit to the battery E; wherein: the switching control module 100 is connected to either or both of the first one-way branch and second one-way branch, to control ON/OFF of the connected branches.

In another example, when the battery needs to be heated, both the first one-way branch and the second one-way branch can be controlled to switch on; when heating needs to be paused, either or both of the first one-way branch and the second one-way branch can be controlled to switch off; when heating is not needed, both of the first one-way branch and the second one-way branch can be controlled to switch off. Preferably, both of the first one-way branch and the second one-way branch are subject to the control of the switching control module 100 ; thus, energy flow cut-off in forward direction and reverse direction can be implemented flexibly.

In another embodiment of the switch unit 1 , as shown in FIG. 7 , the switch unit 1 comprises a two-way switch K 4 and a two-way switch K 5 , wherein: the two-way switch K 4 and the two-way switch K 5 are connected in series opposite to each other, to form the first one-way branch and the second one-way branch; the switching control module 100 is connected with the two-way switch K 4 and the two-way switch K 5 respectively, to control ON/OFF of the first one-way branch and the second one-way branch by controlling ON/OFF of the two-way switch K 4 and the two-way switch K 5 .

For example, when the battery E needs to be heated, the two-way switches K 4 and K 5 can be controlled to switch on; when heating needs to be paused, either or both of the two-way switch K 4 and the two-way switch K 5 can be controlled to switch off; when heating is not needed, both of the two-way switch K 4 and the two-way switch K 5 can be controlled to switch off. In such an implementation of switch unit 1 , the first one-way branch and the second one-way branch can be controlled separately to switch on or off, and therefore energy flow cut-off in forward direction and reverse direction in the circuit can be implemented flexibly according to one embodiment.

In another embodiment of switch unit 1 , as shown in FIG. 8 , the switch unit 1 may comprise a switch K 6 , a one-way semiconductor component D 11 , and a one-way semiconductor component D 12 , wherein: the switch K 6 and the one-way semiconductor component D 11 are connected in series with each other to form the first one-way branch; the one-way semiconductor component D 12 forms the second one-way branch; the switching control module 100 is connected with the switch K 6 , to control ON/OFF of the first one-way branch by controlling ON/OFF of the switch K 6 . In the switch unit 1 shown in FIG. 8 , when heating is needed, the switch K 6 can be controlled to switch on; when heating is not needed, the switch K 6 can be controlled to switch off.

Though the implementation of switch unit 1 shown in FIG. 8 enables back-and-forth energy flow along separate branches, it cannot enable energy flow cut-off function in reverse direction. The present invention further puts forward another embodiment of switch unit 1 ; as shown in FIG. 9 , the switch unit 1 can further comprise a switch K 7 in the second one-way branch, wherein: the switch K 7 is connected with the one-way semiconductor component D 12 in series, the switching control module 100 is also connected with the switch K 7 , and is configured to control ON/OFF of the second one-way branch by controlling ON/OFF of the switch K 7 . Thus, in the switch unit 1 shown in FIG. 9 , since there are switches (i.e., switch K 6 and switch K 7 ) in both one-way branches, energy flow cut-off function in forward direction and reverse direction is enabled simultaneously, according to one embodiment.

For example, preferably, the switch unit 1 can further comprise a resistor, which is connected in series with the first one-way branch and/or the second one-way branch and is configured to reduce the current in the heating circuit for the battery E and to avoid damage to the battery E resulted from over-current in the circuit. For example, a resistor R 6 connected in series with the two-way switch K 4 and the two-way switch K 5 can be added in the switch unit 1 shown in FIG. 7 , to obtain another implementation of the switch unit 1 , as shown in FIG. 10 . FIG. 11 also shows an embodiment of the switch unit 1 , which is obtained by connecting respectively resistor R 2 and resistor R 3 in series in both the one-way branches in the switch unit 1 shown in FIG. 9 .

In one embodiment in which the energy flows back-and-forth between the battery E and the energy storage circuit, when the switch unit 1 switches on, the energy flows from the battery E into the energy storage circuit first, and then flows back from the energy storage circuit to the battery E, and so on, so as to heat up the battery E. For example, when the energy flows back from the energy storage circuit to the battery E, the energy in the charge storage component C 1 will not return to the battery E completely; instead, part of the energy remains in the charge storage component C 1 , and the voltage on the charge storage component C 1 is close to or equal to the voltage on the battery E ultimately, and therefore the energy flow from the battery E to the charge storage component C 1 cannot continue. In another example, that phenomenon is adverse to the cyclic operation of the heating circuit.

In view of that problem, preferably, in that embodiment, the heating circuit further comprises an energy consumption unit, which is connected with the charge storage component C 1 and configured to consume the energy in the charge storage component C 1 after the switch unit 1 switches on and then switches off. The embodiment of the energy consumption unit has been described above, and will not be detailed further here.

In one embodiment in which the energy flows back-and-forth between the battery E and the energy storage circuit, the switch unit 1 can be controlled to switch off at any point of time in one or more cycles, which is to say, the switch unit 1 can switch off at any time, for example, the switch unit 1 can switch off when the current flows through the switch unit 1 in forward direction or reverse direction, and is equal to zero or not equal to zero. In another example, a specific implementation form of the switch unit 1 can be selected, depending on the needed cut-off strategy; if current flow cut-off in forward direction is only needed, the implementation form of the switch unit 1 shown in FIG. 6 or FIG. 8 can be selected; if current flow cut-off in both forward direction and reverse direction is needed, the switch unit with two controllable one-way branches shown in FIG. 7 or FIG. 9 can be selected.

In one embodiment, preferably, the switching control module 100 is configured to control the switch unit 1 to switch off when or after the current flow through the switch unit 1 reaches zero after the switch unit 1 switches on. More preferably, for example, the switching control module 100 is configured to control the switch unit 1 to switch off when the current flow through the switch unit 1 reaches zero after the switch unit 1 switches on, so as to minimize the adverse effect to the entire circuit.

In another example, the switching control module 100 can be a separate controller, which, by using internal program setting, enables ON/OFF control of different external switches; or, the switching control module 100 can be a plurality of controllers, for example, a switching control module 100 can be set for each external switch correspondingly; or, the plurality of switching control modules 100 can be integrated into an assembly. The present invention does not impose any limitation on the implementation of the switching control module 100 according to some embodiments.

According to certain embodiments, the working process of the heating circuit for battery E is described briefly below with reference to FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 . It should be noted that though the features and components of certain embodiments of the present invention are described specifically with reference to FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 , each feature or component may be used separately without other features and components, or may be used in combination or not in combination with other features and components. The embodiments of the heating circuit for battery E provided are not limited to those shown in FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 .

For example, in the heating circuit for battery E as shown in FIG. 12 , the switch K 1 and the one-way semiconductor component D 1 form the switch unit 1 , the energy storage circuit comprises a current storage component L 1 and a charge storage component C 1 , wherein: the damping component R 1 and the switch unit 1 are connected in series with the energy storage circuit; the damping component R 5 and the switch K 8 form a voltage control unit 101 in the energy consumption unit; the switching control module 100 can control ON/OFF of the switch K 1 and the switch K 8 . FIG. 13 is a timing diagram of waveforms corresponding to the heating circuit as shown in FIG. 12 , wherein: V C1 refers the voltage value across the charge storage component C 1 , and I main refers to the value of current flowing through the switch K 1 . In another example, the working process of the heating circuit shown in FIG. 12 is as follows:

a) When the battery E needs to be heated, the switching control module 100 controls the switch K 1 to switch on, and thereby the battery E discharges through the loop composed of the switch K 1 , the one-way semiconductor component D 1 , and the charge storage component C 1 , as indicated by the time duration t 1 as shown in FIG. 13 ; when the current flow through the switch K 1 reaches zero, the switching control module 100 controls the switch K 1 to switch off, as indicated by the time duration t 2 as shown in FIG. 13 ;

b) After the switch K 1 switches off, the switching control module 100 controls the switch K 8 to switch on, and thereby the charge storage component C 1 discharges through the loop composed of the damping component R 5 and the switch K 8 , so as to consume the energy in the charge storage component C 1 ; then, the switching control module 100 controls the switch K 8 to switch off, as indicated by the time duration t 2 as shown in FIG. 13 ; and

c) Repeat the step a) and the step b); the battery E is heated up continuously while it discharges, till the battery E meets the heating stop condition.

The heating circuit provided in certain embodiments of the present invention can improve the charge/discharge performance of the battery E; in addition, since the energy storage circuit is connected with the battery E in series in the heating circuit, safety problem related with failures and short circuit caused by failure of the switch unit 1 can be avoided when the battery E is heated due to the existence of the charge storage component C 1 connected in series, and therefore the battery E can be protected effectively according to some embodiments.

According to one embodiment, a battery heating circuit comprises a switch unit 1 , a switching control module 100 , a damping component R 1 , and an energy storage circuit. The energy storage circuit is configured to be connected with the battery and comprises a current storage component L 1 and a charge storage component C 1 . The damping component R 1 , the switch unit 1 , the current storage component L 1 , and the charge storage component C 1 are connected in series. The switching control module 100 is connected with the switch unit 1 , and is configured to control ON/OFF of the switch unit 1 , so as to control the energy flowing between the battery and the energy storage circuit.

For example, wherein: the damping component R 1 is the parasitic resistance in the battery, and the current storage component L 1 is the parasitic inductance in the battery. In another example, wherein: the damping component R 1 is a resistor, the current storage component L 1 is an inductor, and the charge storage component C 1 is a capacitor. In yet another example, wherein: the switching control module 100 is configured to control ON/OFF of the switch unit 1 , so as to control the energy to flow from the battery to the energy storage circuit only, and the heating circuit further comprises an energy consumption unit, which is connected with the charge storage component C 1 and configured to consume the energy in the charge storage component C 1 after the switch unit 1 switches on and then switches off.

In yet another example, wherein: the switch unit 1 comprises a switch K 1 and a one-way semiconductor component D 1 . The switch K 1 and the one-way semiconductor component D 1 are connected with each other in series, and then connected to the energy storage circuit in series. The switching control module 100 is connected with the switch K 1 , and configured to control ON/OFF of the switch unit 1 by controlling ON/OFF of the switch K 1 . In yet another example, wherein: the switching control module 100 is configured to control the switch unit 1 to switch off when or before the current flowing through the switch unit 1 reaches zero after the switch unit 1 switches on. In yet another example, wherein: the switching control module 100 is configured to control the switch unit 1 to switch off before the current flowing through the switch unit 1 reaches zero after the switch unit 1 switches on. The switch unit 1 comprises a one-way semiconductor component D 9 , a one-way semiconductor component D 10 , a switch K 2 , a resistor R 4 , and a charge storage component C 3 . The one-way semiconductor component D 9 and the switch K 2 are connected in series with the energy storage circuit, and the resistor R 4 and the charge storage component C 3 are connected with each other in series and then connected across the switch K 2 in parallel. The one-way semiconductor component D 10 is connected in parallel across the damping component R 4 , and is configured to sustain the current flow through the current storage component L 1 when the switch K 2 switches off. The switching control module 100 is connected with the switch K 2 and is configured to control ON/OFF of the switch unit 1 by controlling ON/OFF of the switch K 2 .

In yet another example, wherein: the switching control module 100 is configured to control ON/OFF of the switch unit 1 , so that the energy flows back-and-forth between the battery and the energy storage circuit when the switch unit 1 switches on. In yet another example, wherein: the heating circuit further comprises an energy consumption unit, which is connected with the charge storage component C 1 and configured to consume the energy in the charge storage component C 1 after the switch unit ( 1 ) switches on and then switches off. In yet another example, wherein: the energy consumption unit comprises a voltage control unit 101 , which is configured to convert the voltage across the charge storage component C 1 to a predetermined value of voltage after the switch unit 1 switches on and then switches off. In yet another example, wherein: the voltage control unit 101 comprises a damping component R 5 and a switch K 8 . The damping component R 5 and the switch K 8 are connected with each other in series, and then connected in parallel across the charge storage component C 1 . The switching control module 100 is further connected with the switch K 8 and is configured to control the switch K 8 to switch on after the control switch unit ( 1 ) switches on and then switches off.

In yet another example, wherein: the switch unit 1 is a two-way switch K 3 . In yet another example, wherein: the switch unit 1 comprises a first one-way branch configured to enable energy flow from the battery to the energy storage circuit and a second one-way branch configured to enable energy flow from the energy storage circuit to the battery. The switching control module 100 is connected to either or both of the first one-way branch and the second one-way branch and is configured to control ON/OFF of the switch unit 1 by controlling ON/OFF of the connected branch(es). In yet another example, wherein: the switch unit 1 comprises a two-way switch K 4 and a two-way switch K 5 . The two-way switch K 4 and the two-way switch K 5 are connected in series opposite to each other to form the first one-way branch and the second one-way branch. The switching control module 100 is connected with the two-way switch K 4 and the two-way switch K 5 respectively, and is configured to control ON/OFF of the first one-way branch and the second one-way branch by controlling ON/OFF of the two-way switch K 4 and the two-way switch K 5 . In yet another example, wherein: the switch unit 1 comprises a switch K 6 , a one-way semiconductor component D 11 , and a one-way semiconductor component D 12 . The switch K 6 and the one-way semiconductor component D 11 are connected with each other in series to form the first one-way branch, and the one-way semiconductor component D 12 forms the second one-way branch. The switching control module 100 is connected with the switch K 6 , and is configured to control ON/OFF of the first one-way branch by controlling ON/OFF of the switch K 6 . In yet another example, wherein: the switch unit 1 further comprises a switch K 7 in the second one-way branch, and the switch K 7 is connected with the one-way semiconductor component D 12 in series. The switching control module 100 is further connected with the switch K 7 , and is configured to control ON/OFF of the second one-way branch by controlling ON/OFF of the switch K 7 . In yet another example, wherein: the switch unit 1 further comprises resistor(s) connected in series with the first one-way branch and/or the second one-way branch. In yet another example, wherein: the switching control module 100 is configured to control the switch unit ( 1 ) to switch off when or after the current flow through the switch unit ( 1 ) reaches zero after the switch unit ( 1 ) switches on.

For example, some or all components of various embodiments of the present invention each are, individually and/or in combination with at least another component, implemented using one or more software components, one or more hardware components, and/or one or more combinations of software and hardware components. In another example, some or all components of various embodiments of the present invention each are, individually and/or in combination with at least another component, implemented in one or more circuits, such as one or more analog circuits and/or one or more digital circuits.

While some embodiments of the present invention are described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the details of those embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make modifications and variations, without departing from the spirit of the present invention. However, all these modifications and variations shall be deemed as falling into the scope of the present invention.

In addition, it should be noted that the specific technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any appropriate way, provided that there is no conflict. To avoid unnecessary repetition, certain possible combinations are not described specifically. Moreover, the different embodiments of the present invention can be combined as needed, as long as the combinations do not deviate from the spirit of the present invention. However, such combinations shall also be deemed as falling into the scope of the present invention.

Hence, although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described, it will be understood by those of skill in the art that there are other embodiments that are equivalent to the described embodiments. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited by the specific illustrated embodiments, but only by the scope of the appended claims.