System and method for multi-pole phase-shifted radio frequency application

1. Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to electrosurgical apparatuses, systems and methods. More particularly, the present disclosure is directed to electrosurgical multi-polar electrosurgical systems.

2. Background of Related Art

Energy-based tissue treatment is well known in the art. Various types of energy (e.g., electrical, ultrasonic, microwave, cryogenic, heat, laser, etc.) are applied to tissue to achieve a desired result. Electrosurgery involves application of high radio frequency electrical current to a surgical site to cut, ablate, coagulate or seal tissue.

In bipolar electrosurgery, one of the electrodes of the hand-held instrument functions as the active electrode and the other as the return electrode. The return electrode is placed in close proximity to the active electrode such that an electrical circuit is formed between the two electrodes (e.g., electrosurgical forceps). In this manner, the applied electrical current is limited to the body tissue positioned between the electrodes. When the electrodes are sufficiently separated from one another, the electrical circuit is open and thus inadvertent contact with body tissue with either of the separated electrodes does not cause current to flow.

Bipolar electrosurgical techniques and instruments can be used to coagulate blood vessels or tissue, e.g., soft tissue structures, such as lung, brain and intestine. A surgeon can either cauterize, coagulate/desiccate and/or simply reduce or slow bleeding, by controlling the intensity, frequency and duration of the electrosurgical energy applied between the electrodes and through the tissue. In order to achieve one of these desired surgical effects without causing unwanted charring of tissue at the surgical site or causing collateral damage to adjacent tissue, e.g., thermal spread, it is necessary to control the output from the electrosurgical generator, e.g., power, waveform, voltage, current, pulse rate, etc.

In monopolar electrosurgery, the active electrode is typically a part of the surgical instrument held by the surgeon that is applied to the tissue to be treated. A patient return electrode is placed remotely from the active electrode to carry the current back to the generator and safely disperse current applied by the active electrode. The return electrodes usually have a large patient contact surface area to minimize heating at that site. Heating is caused by high current densities which directly depend on the surface area. A larger surface contact area results in lower localized heat intensity. Return electrodes are typically sized based on assumptions of the maximum current utilized during a particular surgical procedure and the duty cycle. In bipolar and monopolar modes, it is desirable to utilize more than one active electrode to achieve desired ablation and lesion formation.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, an electrosurgical generator is disclosed. The generator includes a power supply operable to generate a DC voltage and a multi-pole phase-shifted RF output stage coupled to the power supply. The RF output stage includes a plurality of dual-pole circuits, each of the plurality of dual-pole circuits including first and second pairs of switching components. The generator also includes a controller configured to drive the first and second pairs of switching components of each of the plurality of dual-pole circuits at a predetermined phase-shifted frequency.

According to another embodiment of the present disclosure an electrosurgical system is disclosed. The system includes an electro surgical generator having a power supply operable to generate a DC voltage. The generator also includes a multi-pole, phase-shifted, pulse-width and/or frequency modulated RF output stage coupled to the power supply. The RF output stage includes an isolation transformer having a secondary winding and a plurality of dual-pole circuits having first and second pairs of switching components and a primary winding coupled to the secondary winding. The generator further includes a controller configured to drive the first and second pairs of switching components of each of the plurality of dual-pole circuits at a predetermined phase-shifted frequency to generate a waveform crest at each of the output terminals. The system also includes a plurality of active electrodes, each of which is coupled to each of the output terminals.

According to a further embodiment of the present disclosure an electrosurgical system is disclosed. The system includes an electrosurgical generator having a power supply operable to generate a DC voltage. The generator includes a multi-pole, phase-shifted, pulse-width and/or frequency modulated RF output stage coupled to the power supply. The RF output stage includes a plurality of dual-pole circuits, each of the plurality of dual-pole circuits including first and second pairs of switching components, the RF output stage further includes an isolation transformer having a secondary winding and wherein each of the plurality of dual-pole circuits includes a primary winding coupled to the secondary winding. The generator also includes a controller configured to drive the first and second pairs of switching components of each of the plurality of dual-pole circuit at a predetermined phase-shifted frequency. The system includes a plurality of active electrodes, each of which is coupled to each of the output terminals.

Various embodiments of the present disclosure are described herein with reference to the drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an electrosurgical system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a generator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 3A-3B are schematic circuit diagrams of a multi-pole phase-shifted radio frequency output stage according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 4A-4D illustrate a plurality of waveform cycles generated by the multi-pole phase-shifted radio frequency output stage of FIGS. 3A-3B according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and

FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a multi-pole phase-shifted radio frequency output stage according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Particular embodiments of the present disclosure are described hereinbelow with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, well-known functions or constructions are not described in detail to avoid obscuring the present disclosure in unnecessary detail.

The generator according to the present disclosure can perform monopolar and bipolar electrosurgical procedures, including vessel sealing procedures. The generator may include a plurality of outputs for interfacing with various electrosurgical instruments (e.g., a monopolar active electrode, return electrode, bipolar electrosurgical forceps, footswitch, multi-polar ablation needles, etc.). Further, the generator includes electronic circuitry configured for generating radio frequency power specifically suited for various electrosurgical modes (e.g., cutting, blending, division, ablation etc.) and procedures (e.g., monopolar, bipolar, vessel sealing, ablation).

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a bipolar and monopolar electrosurgical system 1 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The system 1 includes one or more monopolar electrosurgical instruments 2 a , 2 b , 2 c , etc. having one or more electrodes for treating tissue of a patient (e.g., electrosurgical cutting probe, ablation electrode(s), etc.). Electrosurgical RF energy is supplied to the instruments 2 a , 2 b , 2 c by a generator 20 via a corresponding supply line 4 a , 4 b , 4 c , etc., that is connected to an active terminal 30 ( FIG. 2 ) of the generator 20 , allowing the instruments 2 a , 2 b , 2 c to coagulate, ablate and/or otherwise treat tissue. The energy is returned to the generator 20 through a return electrode 6 via a return line 8 at a return terminal 32 ( FIG. 2 ) of the generator 20 . The system 1 may include a plurality of return electrodes 6 that are arranged to minimize the chances of tissue damage by maximizing the overall contact area with the patient. In addition, the generator 20 and the return electrode 6 may be configured for monitoring so-called “tissue-to-patient” contact to insure that sufficient contact exists therebetween to further minimize chances of tissue damage. In another embodiment, the system 1 also includes a multi-polar ablation device 21 having a plurality of electrodes 23 a , 23 b , 23 c , etc.

The system 1 also includes a bipolar electrosurgical forceps 10 having one or more pairs of electrodes for treating tissue of a patient. The electrosurgical forceps 10 include opposing jaw members 15 , 17 having one or more active electrodes 14 a , 14 b , 14 c , etc. and a return electrode 16 disposed therein, respectively. The active electrodes 14 a , 14 b , 14 c and the return electrode 16 are connected to the generator 20 through cable 18 , which includes the supply and return lines 4 , 8 coupled to the active and return terminals 30 , 32 , respectively. The electrosurgical forceps 10 are coupled to the generator 20 at a connector having connections to the active and return terminals 30 and 32 (e.g., pins) via a plug disposed at the end of the cable 18 , wherein the plug includes contacts from the supply and return lines 4 , 8 .

The generator 20 may be any suitable type (e.g., electrosurgical, microwave, etc.) and may include a plurality of connectors to accommodate various types of electrosurgical instruments (e.g., multiple instruments 2 a , 2 b , 2 c , electrosurgical forceps 10 , etc.). Further, the generator 20 is configured to operate in a variety of modes such as ablation, monopolar and bipolar cutting coagulation, etc. The generator 20 includes suitable input controls (e.g., buttons, activators, switches, touch screen, etc.) for controlling the generator 20 . In addition, the generator 20 may include one or more display screens (not shown) for providing the user with variety of output information (e.g., intensity settings, treatment complete indicators, etc.). The controls allow the user to adjust power of the RF energy, waveform, and other parameters to achieve the desired waveform suitable for a particular task (e.g., coagulating, tissue sealing, ablating, intensity setting, etc.).

FIG. 2 shows a schematic block diagram of the generator 20 having a controller 24 , a high voltage DC power supply 27 (“HVPS”) and an RF output stage 28 . The HVPS 27 is connected to an AC source (e.g., electrical wall outlet) and provides high voltage DC power to an RF output stage 28 , which then converts high voltage DC power into RF energy and delivers the RF energy to the active terminal 30 . The energy is returned thereto via the return terminal 32 . In particular, the RF output stage 28 generates sinusoidal or rectangular waveforms of high RF energy. The RF output stage 28 is configured to generate a plurality of waveforms having various duty cycles, peak voltages, waveform crest factors, and other suitable parameters. Certain types of waveforms are suitable for specific electrosurgical modes. For instance, the RF output stage 28 typically generates a 100% duty cycle sinusoidal waveform in cut mode, which is well-suited for ablating, fusing and dissecting tissue and a 1-25% duty cycle waveform in coagulation mode, which is best used for cauterizing tissue to stop bleeding.

The controller 24 includes a microprocessor 25 operably connected to a memory 26 , which may be volatile type memory (e.g., RAM) and/or non-volatile type memory (e.g., flash media, disk media, etc.). The microprocessor 25 includes an output port that is operably connected to the HVPS 27 and/or RF output stage 28 allowing the microprocessor 25 to control the output of the generator 20 according to either open and/or closed control loop schemes. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the microprocessor 25 may be substituted by any logic processor (e.g., control circuit) adapted to perform the calculations discussed herein.

A closed loop control scheme is a feedback control loop, in which a plurality of sensors measure a variety of tissue and energy properties (e.g., tissue impedance, tissue temperature, output current and/or voltage, etc.), and provide feedback to the controller 24 . Such sensors are within the purview of those skilled in the art. The controller 24 then signals the HVPS 27 and/or RF output stage 28 , which then adjust DC and/or RF output power, respectively. The controller 24 also receives input signals from the input controls of the generator 20 , the instruments 2 a , 2 b , 2 c or forceps 10 . The controller 24 utilizes the input signals to adjust power outputted by the generator 20 and/or performs other control functions thereon.

The RF output stage 28 is a multi-pole, phase-shifted, pulse-width and/or frequency modulated RF inverter as shown in more detail in FIGS. 3 a and 3 B. As shown in FIG. 3A , the RF output stage 28 includes two or more dual-pole circuits 40 a and 40 b (e.g., bridge circuit). Each of the dual-pole circuits 40 a and 40 b is coupled to the HVPS 27 and receives DC voltage therefrom. More specifically, each of the dual-pole assemblies 40 a and 40 b includes an isolation transformer 41 a and 41 b , respectively. Each of the isolation transformers 41 a and 41 b includes a primary winding 43 a , 43 b and a secondary winding 45 a , 45 b , respectively. The primary windings 43 a and 43 b include first and second connections 47 a , 49 a and 47 b , 49 b , respectively. The first connections 47 a , 47 b include drain supplies 42 a , 42 b and source supplies 46 a , 46 b , respectively. The second connections 49 a , 49 b also include drain supplies 44 a , 44 b and source supplies 48 a , 48 b , respectively. The source supplies 46 a , 48 a , 46 b , 48 b and drain supplies 42 a , 44 a , 42 b , 44 b are coupled to the HVPS 27 .

First connection 47 a includes a first pair of switching components 56 a and 58 a and second connection 49 a includes a second pair of switching components 60 a and 62 a , respectively. First and second connections 47 b and 49 b also include first and second pairs of switching components 56 b , 58 b and 60 b , 62 b , respectively. The switching components 56 a , 58 a , 60 a , 62 a and 56 b , 58 b , 60 b , 62 b can be, for example, transistors, such as metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET), insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT), relays, and the like.

The secondary windings 45 a , 45 b include two output terminals 80 a , 82 a , 80 b , 82 b , respectively. Each pair of the output terminals 80 a , 82 a , 80 b , 82 b includes a band pass filter 83 a and 83 b coupled therebetween. The first and second connections 47 a and 49 a are connected in series by a resonant network 50 a . The resonant network 50 a may be a series resonant network that is arranged in an LCC configuration having an inductor 53 a and capacitors 52 a and 54 a with the primary winding 43 a being coupled between capacitors 52 a and 54 a . The first and second connections 47 b and 49 b are similarly connected in series by a resonant network 50 b with the primary winding 43 b coupled between capacitors 52 b and 54 b . In one embodiment, the resonant networks 50 a and 50 b may be parallel resonant networks and may include a plurality of reactive and passive components.

Output terminals 80 a , 82 a and 80 b , 82 b may be separately connected to multiple active and return pole pairs of monopolar, bipolar electrosurgical or ablation instruments (e.g., instruments 2 a , 2 b , 2 c , electrodes 23 a , 23 b , 23 c or active electrodes 14 a , 14 b , 14 c ). Additionally or alternatively, output terminals 80 a , 82 a and 80 b , 82 b may share connections to a single active or return lead. In one embodiment, output terminals 82 a and 82 b are coupled to the return electrode 6 , while output terminals 80 a and 80 b are coupled to active leads on either a single or multiple instruments. This configuration allows for simultaneous activation of instruments or multi-pole pairs of the same instrument (e.g., device 21 ).

With respect to FIG. 3B , another embodiment of the RF output stage 28 is shown. The RF output stage 28 includes four dual-pole circuits 40 a , 40 b , 40 c and 40 d . Each of the dual-pole circuits 40 c and 40 d is substantially similar to the dual-pole circuits 40 a and 40 b and is also coupled to the HVPS 27 and receives DC voltage therefrom. Each of the dual-pole circuits 40 c and 40 d includes an isolation transformer 41 c and 41 d , respectively. Each of the isolation transformers 41 c and 41 d includes a primary winding 43 c , 43 d and a secondary winding 45 c , 45 d . The primary windings 43 c and 43 d include first and second connections 47 c , 49 c and 47 d , 49 b , respectively. The first connections 47 c , 47 d include drain supplies 42 c , 42 d and source supplies 46 d , 46 c , respectively. The second connections 49 c , 49 d also includes a drain supply 44 c , 44 d and source supplies 48 c , 48 d , respectively. The source supplies 46 c , 48 c , 46 d , 48 d and drain supplies 42 c , 44 c , 42 d , 44 d are coupled to the HVPS 27 .

The first connection 47 c includes a first pair of switching components 56 c and 58 c and the second connection 49 c includes a second pair of switching components 60 c and 62 c , respectively. The first and second connections 47 d and 49 d also include first and second pairs of switching components 56 d , 58 b and 60 d , 62 d , respectively. The switching components 56 c , 58 c , 60 c , 62 c and 56 d , 58 b , 60 d , 62 d can be, for example, transistors, such as metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET), insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT), relays, and the like.

The secondary windings 45 c , 45 d include two output terminals 80 c , 82 c , 80 d , 82 d , respectively. Each pair of the output terminals 80 c , 82 c , 80 d , 82 d includes a band pass filter 83 c and 83 d coupled therebetween. The first and second connections 47 c and 49 c are connected in series by a resonant network 50 c having an inductor 53 c and capacitors 52 c and 54 c arranged in a LCC configuration with the primary winding 43 c . The first and second connections 47 d and 49 d are similarly connected in series by a resonant network 50 d having an inductor 53 d with the primary winding 43 d coupled between capacitors 52 b and 54 b . In one embodiment, the resonant networks 50 c and 50 d may be parallel resonant networks and may include a plurality of reactive and passive components.

The operation of the RF output stage 28 is described with respect to FIG. 3A since the operation of four dual-pole circuits 40 a , 40 b , 40 c , 40 d of FIG. 3B is substantially similar to that of two dual-pole circuits 40 a and 40 b . The switching components 56 a , 58 a , 60 a , 62 a , 56 b , 58 b , 60 b , 62 b are coupled to the controller 24 . The controller 24 drives the switching components 56 a , 58 a , 60 a , 62 a , 56 b , 58 b , 60 b , 62 b at a predetermined frequency or frequencies to turn “on” and “off” at a range of predetermined frequencies which is also the operating frequency range of the generator 20 , thereby closing and opening the first and second connections 47 a , 47 b and 49 a , 49 b , respectively. The frequency at which the switching components 56 a , 58 a , 60 a , 62 a , 56 b , 58 b , 60 b , 62 b are turned on and off is controlled by the controller 24 . The controller 24 may include a pulse-width modulated driver for supplying a driver signal to each of the switching components 56 a , 58 a , 60 a , 62 a , 56 b , 58 b , 60 b , 62 b . The driver emits a phase-shifted drive signals having first and second components that are out of phase (e.g., 180° out-of-phase). Thus, each pair of the switching components (e.g., 56 a and 58 a , 60 a and 62 a , 56 b and 58 b , 60 b and 62 b ) has a phase relationship 180° out-of-phase with its opposing pair. In other words, the driver signal cycles each of the pairs of the switching components 56 a , 58 a , 60 a , 62 a , 56 b , 58 b , 60 b , 62 b between “on” and “off” positions at the same frequency but out of sync, to create two waveforms 180° out-of-phase at each first and second connections 47 a , 49 a , 47 b , 49 b . In addition, the drive signals to each pair of the switching components 56 a , 58 a , 60 a , 62 a , 56 b , 58 b , 60 b , 62 b are also phase-shifted with respect to each other to generate a plurality of waveforms of varying duty cycle. Therefore, adjusting the phase-shifted dual drive signals provides varying operating RF duty cycles or pulse-widths. Varying the duty cycle of the phase-shifted dual drive signals allows for better control of the RF amplitude and the average power delivered. Phase-shifting also allows for interleaving of power delivered to the various output terminal pairs (e.g., 80 a and 82 a ). Further, when combined with a resonant network (e.g., resonant network 50 a ), the pulse-width or frequency modulation may be used to vary the output amplitude at the load.

The resonant networks 50 a and 50 b in combination with the primary windings 43 a and 43 b convert rectangular pulse-width modulate (e.g., AC energy having multiple high frequency components) energy into RF energy (e.g., AC energy having a single high frequency component from about 100 kHz to about 100,000 kHz). When the switching components 56 a , 58 a , 60 a , 62 a , 56 b , 58 b , 60 b , 62 b are closed, a high frequency pulse is supplied to the capacitors 52 a , 54 a , 52 b , 54 b of the resonant networks 50 a and 50 b . The resonant networks 50 a and 50 b convert the pulses into biphasic sinusoidal waveforms by the alternation of first and second connections 47 a , 47 b and 49 a , 49 b respectively. The resonant circuits 50 a and 50 b can include a plurality of active components (e.g., inductors and capacitors) arranged in either parallel, series or combination thereof.

During operation, primary windings 43 a and 43 b create two half-sinusoidal waveforms of the same frequency, but with variable phase with respect to each other, which then combine at a secondary windings 45 a and 45 b to form a full waveform. More specifically, each pair of the switching components 56 a and 58 a , 60 a and 62 a , 56 b and 58 b , 60 b and 62 b is driven by a drive signal supplied at a predetermined phase with respect to each other. Each pair of the switching components 56 a and 58 a , 60 a and 62 a , 56 b and 58 b , 60 b and 62 b is alternately switched “on” and “off” at the same frequency by the phase-shifted drive signals.

FIGS. 4A-4C show an output current produced by driving the first and second connections 47 a , 47 b and 49 a , 49 b of FIG. 3A at different phases. FIG. 4A shows the fundamental amplitude control for the dual-pole circuit 40 a . FIGS. 4B and C show a single cycle of the current waveform as a rectangular waveform. The output waveform may have any waveform crest factor (e.g., sinusoidal) and the rectangular waveform is used for illustrative purposes.

FIG. 4A illustrates that the two phases may be driven in synchrony, while the outputs may be connected to a common return pad, common active electrode, or separate pole pairs of a multi-polar instrument. More specifically, FIG. 4A shows one embodiment of a phase-shifted pulse-width modulated drive for each of the switching components 56 a , 58 a , 60 a , 62 a . This controls the average or root mean square (“RMS”) output amplitude. The resulting waveform is rectangular. If the bridge circuit (e.g., dual-pole circuit 40 a ) employs an LCC or any other type of resonant network (e.g., resonant network 50 a ), then the output waveform is going to sinusoidal. In embodiments, various arbitrary-in-phase synchrony can be utilized to create the other waveforms illustrated in FIGS. 4B-4D .

With reference to FIG. 4B , a single waveform cycle 70 is shown having a plurality of waveform crests 72 , 74 , 76 , 78 that are generated by activating the first and second connections 47 a , 47 b and 49 a , 49 b , at different phases. The waveform crest 72 is generated by the switching components 56 a and 62 a being supplied a first activation pulse for a duration Ton a . The switching components 56 a and 62 a are deactivated during a first deactivation period Toff a , during which time the switching components 56 b and 62 b are activated by a second activation pulse for a duration Ton b to generate the waveform crest 74 . In other words, the waveform crests 72 and 74 are achieved by activating the switching components 56 a and 62 a by the first activation pulse at a first phase (e.g., φ a ) and the switching components 56 b and 62 b by the second activation pulse at a second phase (e.g., φ b ).

The switching components 56 b and 62 b are deactivated during a second deactivation period Toff b , during which time the switching components 58 a and 60 a are activated by a third activation pulse for a duration Ton c to generate the waveform crest 76 . The switching components 58 a and 60 a are then deactivated during a third deactivation period Toff c , during which time the switching components 58 b and 60 b are activated by a fourth activation pulse for a duration Ton d to generate the waveform crest 78 . The switching components 58 b and 60 b are then deactivated during a fourth deactivation period Toff d , during which time the cycle 70 repeats and the waveform crest 72 is generated by the switching components 56 a and 62 a being supplied the first activation pulse. The waveform crests 76 and 78 are achieved by activating the switching components 58 a and 60 a at a third phase (e.g., φ c ) and the switching components 58 h and 60 b at a fourth phase (e.g., φ d ). The drive signals are supplied to the switching components of the first and second connections 47 a , 47 b and 49 a , 49 b are phase-shifted. In one embodiment, φ a may be 0°, φ b may be 90°, φ c may be 180° and φ d may be 270°. More specifically, the first and second phases are 180° out-of-phase with the third and fourth phases, respectively.

Each of the waveform crests 72 , 74 , 76 , 78 may be supplied individually to each of the output terminals 80 a , 82 a , 80 b , 82 b . This allows for generation of multi-polar phase-shifted application of RF energy through a plurality of poles (e.g., instruments 2 a , 2 b , 2 c and return electrode 6 or active electrodes 14 a , 14 b , 14 c and to the return electrode 16 ) by coupling each of the poles to the corresponding output terminals 80 a , 82 a , 80 b , 82 b.

FIG. 4C illustrates another embodiment of the present disclosure, in which two of the first and second connections 47 a , 47 b and 49 a , 49 b are driven in parallel or partially in parallel. FIG. 4C shows a single waveform cycle 90 is shown having a plurality of waveform crests 92 , 93 , 94 , 96 , 97 , 98 that are generated by activating the first and second connections 47 a , 47 b and 49 a , 49 b , at different phases. The waveform crest 92 is generated by the switching components 56 a and 62 a being supplied a first activation pulse for a duration Ton a , during which time the switching components 56 b and 62 b are activated by a second activation pulse for a duration Ton b to generate the waveform crest 94 . The first and second activation pulses overlap at least partially, such that the resulting waveform crests 92 and 94 form a single waveform crest 93 . The waveform crests 92 and 94 are achieved by activating the switching components 56 a and 62 a by the first activation pulse at a first phase (e.g., φ a ) and the switching components 56 b and 62 b by the second activation pulse at a second phase (e.g., φ b ).

The switching components 56 a , 56 b and 62 a , 62 b are deactivated during a second deactivation period Toff b , during which time the switching components 58 a and 60 a are activated by a third activation pulse for a duration Ton c to generate the waveform crest 96 . The switching components 58 b and 60 b are activated by a fourth activation pulse for a duration Ton d to generate the waveform crest 98 . The third and fourth activation pulses overlap at least partially, such that the resulting waveform crests 96 and 98 form a single waveform crest 97 . The waveform crests 96 and 98 are achieved by activating the switching components 56 a and 62 a at a third phase (e.g., φ c ) and the switching components 58 b and 60 b at a fourth phase (e.g., φ d ). The drive signals activating the switching components 58 a , 58 b , 56 a , 56 b , 62 a , 62 b , 60 a , 60 b are also phase-shifted to provide for multiple overlapping waveforms having waveform crests 92 , 96 and 94 , 98 .

With reference to FIGS. 1 and 3B , the output terminals 80 a , 82 a , 80 b , 82 b , 80 c , 82 c , 80 d , 82 d of the dual-pole circuits 40 a , 40 b , 40 c and 40 d are coupled to the active and return terminals 30 , 32 for outputting electrosurgical energy to the patient. In monopolar configuration, each of the output terminals 80 a , 82 a , 80 b , 82 b , 80 c , 82 c , 80 d , 82 d may be coupled individually to instruments 2 a , 2 b , 2 c , etc. and to the return electrode 6 to provide for the return flow of the electrosurgical energy. In bipolar configuration, each of the output terminals 80 a , 82 a , 80 b , 82 b , 80 c , 82 c , 80 d , 82 d may be coupled individually to active electrodes 14 a , 14 b , 14 c , etc. and to the return electrode 16 .

With reference to FIG. 4D , a single waveform cycle 100 is shown having a plurality of waveform crests 102 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 108 , 110 , 112 , 113 , 114 , 116 that are generated by activating the first and second connections 47 a , 47 b , 47 c , 47 d and 49 a , 49 b , 49 c , 49 d at different phases. The waveform crest 102 is generated by the switching components 56 a and 62 a being supplied a first activation pulse for a duration Ton a . The switching components 56 a and 62 a are deactivated during a first deactivation period Toff a , during which time the waveform crest 105 is generated. The waveform crest 104 is generated by the switching components 56 c and 62 c being supplied a second activation pulse for a duration Ton b , during which time the switching components 58 d and 60 d are activated by a third activation pulse for a duration Ton c to generate the waveform crest 106 . The first and second activation pulses overlap at least partially, such that the resulting waveform crests 104 and 106 form the waveform crest 105 . The switching components 56 c , 56 d and 62 c , 62 d are deactivated during a second deactivation period Toff b , during which time the switching components 56 b and 62 b are activated by a fourth activation pulse for a duration Ton d to generate the waveform crest 108 .

The switching components 56 b and 62 b are deactivated during a third deactivation period Toff c , during which time the switching components 58 a and 60 a are activated by a fifth activation pulse for a duration Ton c to generate the waveform crest 110 . The switching components 58 a and 60 a are then deactivated during a fourth deactivation period Toff d , during which time the waveform crest 113 is generated. The switching components 58 c and 60 c are activated by a sixth activation pulse for a duration Ton f to generate the waveform crest 112 . The switching components 58 d and 60 d are activated by a seventh activation pulse for a duration Ton g to generate the waveform crest 114 . The sixth and seventh activation pulses overlap at least partially, such that the resulting waveform crests 112 and 114 form a single waveform crest 113 . The switching components 58 c , 58 d and 60 c , 60 d are deactivated during a fifth deactivation period Toff e , during which time the switching components 58 b and 60 b are activated by an eighth activation pulse for a duration Ton h to generate the waveform crest 116 .

The waveform crest 102 is generated by activating the switching components 56 a and 62 a at a first phase (e.g., φ a ). The waveform crests 104 and 106 are achieved by activating the switching components 56 c and 62 c by the first activation pulse at a second phase (e.g., φ b ) and the switching components 56 d and 62 d by the second activation pulse at a third phase (e.g., φ c ). The waveform crest 108 is generated by activating the switching components 56 b and 62 b at a fourth phase (e.g., φ d ). The waveform crest 110 is generated by activating the switching components 58 a and 60 a at a fifth phase (e.g., φ e ). The waveform crests 112 and 114 are achieved by activating the switching components 58 c and 60 c by the sixth activation pulse at a sixth phase (e.g., φ f ) and the switching components 58 d and 60 d by the second activation pulse at a seventh phase (e.g., φ g ). The waveform crest 116 is generated by activating the switching components 56 b and 62 b at an eighth phase (e.g., φ h ). The drive signals are phase-shifted to provide for multiple waveform crests 102 , 104 , 106 , 108 , 110 , 112 , 114 , 116 . In one embodiment, the phases may be 45° apart, (e.g., φ a may be 0°, φ b may be 45°, φ c may be 90°, φ d may be 135°, φ e may be 180°, φ f may be 225°, φ g may be 270°, φ h may be)315°. More specifically, the first and fourth phases, the second and fifth, the third and sixth and the fourth and eighth phases are 180° out-of-phase.

Each of the waveform crests 102 , 104 , 106 , 108 , 110 , 112 , 114 , 116 may be supplied individually to each of the output terminals 80 a , 82 a , 80 b , 82 b , 80 c , 82 c , 80 d , 82 d . This allows for generation of multi-polar phase-shifted application of RF energy through a plurality of poles (e.g., instruments 2 a , 2 b , 2 c and return electrode 6 or active electrodes 14 a , 14 b , 14 c and to the return electrode 16 ) by coupling each of the poles to the corresponding output terminals 80 a , 82 a , 80 b , 82 b , 80 c , 82 c , 80 d , 82 d.

FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of an output stage 228 . The output stage 228 includes two or more dual-pole circuits 140 a and 140 b . Each of the dual-pole circuits 140 a and 140 b is coupled to the HVPS 27 and receives DC voltage therefrom. More specifically, each of the dual-pole assemblies 140 a and 140 h includes an isolation transformer 141 a and 141 b , respectively. Each of the isolation transformers 141 a and 141 b includes a primary winding 143 a , 143 b coupled to a single secondary winding 145 . The primary windings 143 a and 143 b include first and second connections 147 a , 149 a and 147 b , 149 b , respectively. The first connections 147 a , 147 b include drain supplies 142 a , 142 b and source supplies 146 a , 146 b , respectively. The second connections 149 a , 149 b also includes a drain supply 144 a , 144 b and source supplies 148 a , 148 b , respectively. The drain supplies 142 a , 144 a , 142 b , 144 b and source supplies 146 a , 148 a , 146 b , 148 b are coupled to the HVPS 27 .

The first connection 147 a includes a first pair of switching components 156 a and 158 a and the second connection 149 a includes a second pair of switching components 160 a and 162 a , respectively. The first and second connections 147 b and 149 b also include first and second pairs of switching components 156 b , 158 b and 160 b , 162 b , respectively. The switching components 156 a , 158 a , 160 a , 162 a and 156 b , 158 b , 160 b , 162 b can be, for example, transistors, such as metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET), insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT), relays, and the like.

The secondary winding 145 includes two output terminals 180 and 182 including a band pass filter 183 coupled therebetween. The first and second connections 147 a and 149 a are connected in series by a resonant network 150 a . The resonant network 150 a may be a series resonant network that includes an inductor 153 a and capacitors 152 a and 154 . The network 150 a that is arranged in a LCC configuration with the primary winding 143 a being coupled between capacitors 152 a and 154 a . The first and second connections 147 b and 149 b are similarly connected in series by a resonant network 150 b having an inductor 153 b with the primary winding 143 b coupled between capacitors 152 b and 154 b.

The output terminals 180 and 182 are coupled to the active and return terminals 30 , 32 for outputting electrosurgical energy to the patient. In monopolar configuration, one of the terminals 180 and 182 is be coupled to a monopolar instrument (e.g., the instrument 2 a ) and the other to the return electrode 6 to provide for the return flow of the electrosurgical energy. In bipolar configuration, one of the output terminals 180 and 182 is coupled individually to an active electrodes of the forceps 10 (e.g., active electrode 14 a ) and to the return electrode 16 .

The configuration of multiple primary windings 143 a and 143 b coupled to a single secondary winding 145 provides for multi-polar phase-shifted application of RF energy through a single pole (e.g., instruments 2 a or active electrode 14 a ). To ensure that an appropriate amount of current is supplied to the secondary winding 145 from multiple primary windings 143 a and 143 b , the current passing through each of the primary windings 143 a and 143 b is monitored and used to ensure that the sum meets the required output power to the tissue being treated.

While several embodiments of the disclosure have been shown in the drawings and/or discussed herein, it is not intended that the disclosure be limited thereto, as it is intended that the disclosure be as broad in scope as the art will allow and that the specification be read likewise. Therefore, the above description should not be construed as limiting, but merely as exemplifications of particular embodiments. Those skilled in the art will envision other modifications within the scope and spirit of the claims appended hereto.