Spinal interbody spacer

This application claims priority to, and the benefit of, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/847,595, filed on Sep. 27, 2006, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

1. Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to devices for implantation between adjacent vertebrae. Specifically, the disclosure relates to a spinal interbody spacer that inhibits the collapse of the space between adjacent vertebrae after a discectomy.

2. Background of Related Art

After a partial or complete discectomy, the normally occupied space between adjacent vertebral bodies is subject to collapse and/or misalignment due to the absence of all or a part of the intervertebral disc. In such situations, the physician may insert one or more prosthetic spacers between the affected vertebrae to maintain normal disc spacing and/or the normal amount of lordosis in the affected region.

Typically, a prosthetic implant is inserted between the adjacent vertebrae and may include pathways that permit bone growth between the adjacent vertebrae until they are fused together. However, there exists a possibility that conventional prosthetic implants may be dislodged or moved from their desired implantation location due to movement by the patient before sufficient bone growth has occurred.

Therefore, a need exists for a spinal implant that provides a desired amount of lordosis, allows for bone growth between adjacent vertebrae, maintains the space between adjacent vertebrae during bone ingrowth, and resists dislocation from its implantation site.

The present disclosure relates to a spinal interbody spacer for engagement between vertebrae. In one embodiment, the spacer includes a body having a substantially contoured first end surface at a distal end of the body and a second end surface opposite thereto at a proximal end of the body. The body extends between the first and second end surfaces to define top and bottom vertebral engaging surfaces. The top and bottom vertebral engaging surfaces are opposite to one another. The body extends between the top and bottom surfaces to define opposed side surfaces. The body is configured such that the top and bottom vertebral engaging surfaces intersect the side surfaces to provide a substantially quadrilateral cross-section with rounded corners. The body is configured such that the top and bottom vertebral engaging surfaces have a substantially streamlined convex profile, and the body is configured such that the convex top and bottom surfaces and the side surfaces converge at the distal end of the body to define a substantially atraumatic blunt nose having a tip with a linear portion between the converging side surfaces and a rounded shape between the top and bottom surfaces. The top and bottom vertebral engaging surfaces are convex and include first, second and third surface regions having distinct surface characteristics for insertion into the disc space and engagement with the vertebrae.

In another embodiment according to the present disclosure, the body is configured as described above except that the substantially convex top and bottom surfaces and the side surfaces converge at the distal end of the body to define a substantially atraumatic blunt nose with planar top and bottom surfaces and a rounded shape between the side surfaces. In yet a third embodiment, the atraumatic blunt nose may have curved top and bottom surfaces and planar side surfaces.

Furthermore, at least one of the top and bottom vertebral engaging surfaces may further include at least first and second surface regions having distinct surface characteristics. The surface characteristic of the first surface region may be such that the first surface region has a plurality of protrusions having a configuration and the surface characteristic of the second surface region may be such that the second surface region has a plurality of protrusions having a configuration, wherein the configuration of the plurality of protrusions of the second surface region differs from the configuration of the plurality of protrusions of the first surface region. The configuration of the plurality of protrusions of the second surface region may be such that the plurality of protrusions of the second surface region defines a set of pyramidal protrusions. Each of the plurality of pyramidal protrusions may have a position along the at least one of the top and bottom vertebral engaging surfaces having a substantially streamlined convex profile. Each of the plurality of pyramidal protrusions may define a first sloped face oriented towards the distal end of the body. In addition, each of the plurality of pyramidal protrusions may define a second face substantially orthogonal to the at least one of the top and bottom vertebral engaging surfaces at the respective position of the pyramidal protrusion, with the first sloped face and second face defining a bone engaging region therebetween. At least a portion of the bone engaging region extending between the first sloped and second of the pyramidal protrusions may be configured as a flat surface.

Embodiments of the presently disclosed spinal interbody spacer are described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view generally from a trailing or proximal end of one embodiment of a spinal interbody spacer according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a side elevation view of the spinal interbody spacer of FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 3 is top plan view of the spinal interbody spacer of FIG. 1 showing a vertebral-engaging surface;

FIG. 4 is a bottom plan view of the spinal interbody spacer of FIG. 1 showing another vertebral-engaging surface;

FIG. 5 is a front elevation view of the leading or distal end of the spinal interbody spacer;

FIG. 6 is a rear elevation view of the trailing or proximal end of the spinal interbody spacer;

FIG. 7 is a side cross-sectional view of the spinal interbody spacer taken along cross-section line 7 - 7 of FIG. 6 ;

FIG. 8 is a side cross-sectional view of the spinal interbody spacer taken along section line 8 - 8 of FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 ;

FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of the detail area 9 of FIG. 7 ;

FIG. 10 is a top cross-sectional view of the spinal interbody spacer taken along section line 10 - 10 of FIG. 6 ;

FIG. 11 is a partial perspective view of a surface region and trailing or proximal end of the spinal interbody spacer;

FIG. 12 is a partial cross-sectional view of the spinal interbody spacer taken along section line 12 - 12 of FIG. 11 ;

FIG. 13 is a perspective view generally from a trailing or proximal end of another embodiment of a spinal interbody spacer according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 14 is a perspective view generally from a leading end of the embodiment of a spinal interbody spacer of FIG. 13 ;

FIG. 15 is a side elevational view of the spinal interbody spacer of FIGS. 13 and 14 ;

FIG. 16 is a rear elevational view of the trailing end of the spinal interbody spacer; of FIGS. 13 and 14 ;

FIG. 17 is a side cross-sectional view of the spinal interbody spacer taken along cross-section line 17 - 17 of FIG. 16 ;

FIG. 18 is a top cross-sectional view of the spinal interbody spacer taken along section line 18 - 18 of FIG. 16 ;

FIG. 19 is top plan view of the spinal interbody spacer of FIGS. 13 and 14 showing a vertebral-engaging surface;

FIG. 20 is a bottom plan view of the spinal interbody spacer of FIGS. 13 and 14 showing another vertebral-engaging surface; and

FIG. 21 is a side cross-sectional view of the spinal interbody spacer taken along cross-section line 21 - 21 of FIGS. 19 and 20 .

Embodiments of the presently disclosed spinal interbody spacer will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings, in which like reference numerals designate identical or corresponding elements in each of the several views.

In the drawings and in the description that follows, the term proximal refers to the portion of the device that is closest to the operator, while the term distal refers to the portion of the device that is furthest from the operator. Additionally, in the drawings and in the description that follows, terms such as front, rear, upper, lower, top, bottom, and the similar directional terms are used simply for convenience of description and are not intended to limit the disclosure attached hereto.

Referring now to FIGS. 1-12 , there is disclosed one embodiment of a spinal interbody spacer 100 for engagement between vertebrae according to the present disclosure. More particularly, referring to FIGS. 1-6 , in one embodiment, spinal interbody spacer 100 includes a body 102 having a substantially contoured first end surface 104 at a distal or leading end 106 of the body 102 and a second end surface 108 opposite thereto at a proximal or trailing end 110 of the body 102 . The body 102 extends between the first and second end surfaces 104 , 108 , respectively, to define top and bottom vertebral engaging surfaces 112 a , 112 b , respectively. The top and bottom vertebral engaging surfaces 112 a , 112 b , respectively, are disposed opposite to one another. The body 102 also extends between the first and second end surfaces, 104 , 108 , respectively, to define opposed side surfaces 162 a , 162 b , respectively.

As best illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6 , the body 102 is configured such that the top and bottom vertebral engaging surfaces 112 a , 112 b intersect the side surfaces 162 a , 162 b , respectively, to provide a substantially quadrilateral cross-section with rounded corners 140 . As illustrated in FIGS. 1-12 , the body 102 has, by way of example, a substantially rectangular cross-section, although other quadrilateral shapes such as a square are also contemplated. In addition, the cross-section shape may also be hexagonal or other suitable multilateral shape. The embodiments are not limited in this context.

As best illustrated in FIGS. 2 , 6 , and 7 , the body 102 is also configured such that the top and bottom vertebral engaging surfaces 112 a , 112 b , respectively, have a substantially streamlined convex profile, and are configured to be substantially symmetrical around a centerline axis X-X that extends from the distal end 106 to the proximal end 110 . As best illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4 , the body 102 is configured such that the side surfaces 162 a , 162 b , respectively, have a substantially atraumatic blunt nose profile with respect to the contoured first end surface 104 and the substantially flat or planar second end surface 108 . The intersection of the top and bottom surfaces 112 a , 112 b of the nose portion with the side surfaces 162 a , 162 b of the nose may be rounded to enhance the atraumatic character of the nose.

FIG. 3 illustrates a plan view of the top vertebral engaging surface 112 a while FIG. 4 illustrates a plan view of the bottom vertebral engaging surface 112 b . As illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4 by way of example, both surfaces 112 a , 112 b include at least first and second surface regions 112 a ′, 112 a ″ and 112 b ′, 112 b ″, respectively, that have distinct surface characteristics. As shown, surface regions 112 a ′, 112 b ′ are disposed distal to surface regions 112 a ″, 112 b ″. Referring to FIGS. 7-8 , the surface characteristic of the first surface regions 112 a ′, 112 b ′ is such that the first surface regions 112 a ′, 112 b ′ ( FIGS. 3 and 4 ) each have a plurality of protrusions 122 having a particular configuration. Similarly, the surface characteristic of the second surface regions 112 a ″, 112 b ″ is such that the second surface regions 112 a ″, 112 b ″ each have a plurality of protrusions 142 having a particular configuration. The configuration of the plurality of protrusions 142 of the second surface regions 112 a ″, 112 b ″ differs from the configuration of the plurality of protrusions 122 of the first surface regions 112 a ′, 112 b ″. The configuration of the plurality of protrusions 122 of the first surface regions 112 a ′, 112 b ′ is such that the plurality of protrusions 122 of the first surface regions 112 a ′, 112 b ′ define a first set of grooves 124 that face towards the second surface region. Each groove of the first set of grooves 124 has a position along the first surface regions 112 a ′, 112 b ′ of the top and bottom vertebral engaging surfaces 112 a , 112 b . Each groove of the first set of grooves 124 includes a first face 126 that is substantially orthogonal to the top and bottom vertebral engaging surfaces 112 a , 112 b , respectively, i.e., to the axis X, at the respective position of the groove. Each groove of the first set of grooves 124 includes a second opposing face 128 . The second face 128 is substantially sloped or inclined with respect to the top and bottom vertebral engaging surfaces 112 a , 112 b , respectively, so that the surfaces 126 , 128 converge at the bottom of the groove. The surfaces 126 , 128 may directly intersect as shown or a further surface feature, such as a flat surface portion substantially parallel to axis X-X (see FIG. 2 ) may extend between and connect surfaces 126 , 128 .

Referring again to FIGS. 2-6 , the first and second surface regions 112 a ′, 112 b ′ and 112 a ″, 112 b ″, respectively, may be contiguous surface regions forming a border 130 therebetween. The top and bottom vertebral engaging surfaces 112 a , 112 b , respectively, may also include third surface regions 112 a ″′, 112 b ′″ that extend from the substantially contoured first end surface 104 toward a distal edge 132 of the first surface regions 112 a ′, 112 b ′. The third surface regions 112 a ″′, 112 b ″′ have surface characteristics that are distinct from the surface characteristics of the first surface regions 112 a ′, 112 b ′, and distinct from the surface characteristics of the second surface regions 112 a ″, 112 b ″. The first surface regions 112 a ′, 112 b ′ may extend from the distal edge 132 toward the border 130 with the second surface region 112 a ″, 112 b ″. The second surface regions 112 a ″, 112 b ″ may extend from the border 130 to the second end surface 108 . The third surface regions 112 a ″′, 112 b ″′ are contiguous to the first surface regions 112 a ′, 112 b ′. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1-12 , the third surface regions 112 a ″′, 112 b ″′ are illustrated as being distal of and contiguous to the first surface regions 112 a ′, 112 b ′ The first set of grooves 124 defined by the plurality of protrusions 122 of the first surface regions 112 a ′, 112 b ′ face towards the second surface regions, 112 a ″, 112 b″.

In this embodiment, the plurality of protrusions 122 of the first surface regions 112 a ′, 112 b ′ may further define a second set of grooves or channels 134 that exist along a longitudinal axis of the body 102 . Each channel or groove of the second set of grooves 134 includes a first face 136 and a second opposing face 138 . The first face 136 and the second face 138 of the grooves 134 may directly intersect as shown or a further surface feature, such as a flat surface portion may extend between and connect these surfaces:

The configuration of the plurality of protrusions 142 of the second surface regions 112 a ″, 112 b ″ is such that the plurality of protrusions 142 of the second surface regions 112 a ″, 112 b ″ define a set of substantially pyramidal protrusions. Each of the plurality of pyramidal protrusions 142 has a position along the third and fourth surface regions of the top and bottom vertebral engaging surfaces 112 a , 112 b . Each of the plurality of pyramidal protrusions 142 defines a first sloped face 146 ( FIGS. 3 and 9 ) facing towards the distal end 104 of the body 102 . In addition, each of the plurality of pyramidal protrusions 142 defines a second face 148 facing towards proximal end 110 .

As shown in FIGS. 3 , 4 and 12 , each of the plurality of semi-pyramidal protrusions 142 defines a third sloped face 156 facing towards one side surface 162 a and a fourth sloped face 158 facing towards the other side surface 162 b . At least one of the third sloped faces 156 and at least one of the fourth sloped faces 158 defines a groove or flat space 154 between each pyramidal protrusion.

Referring to FIGS. 2 and 7 , it can be seen that body 102 has a baseline height dimension A′ as measured by the distance between base 114 of third protrusion 122 c on the top vertebral engaging surface 112 a and the base 114 of third protrusion 122 c on the bottom vertebral engaging surface 112 b that may range from about 7 millimeters (mm) to about 17 mm. The body 102 has a maximum height dimension A as measured by the distance between tip 134 ′ of third protrusion 112 c on the top vertebral engaging surface 112 a and the tip 134 ′ of third protrusion 122 c on the bottom vertebral engaging surface 112 b that may range from about 8.6 millimeters (mm) to about 18.6 mm. Height h 1 of the protrusions 122 as measured by the distance between the base 114 of the third protrusion 122 c and the tip 134 ′ of the third protrusion 122 c may be about 0.8 mm.

First protrusion 122 a of the plurality of protrusions 122 on the top and bottom vertebral engaging surfaces 112 a , 112 b , respectively, has a height h 2 as measured by the distance between base 136 of the first protrusion 122 a and tip 136 ′ of the first protrusion 112 a of about 0.6 mm. The tips 134 ′ of the plurality of protrusions 122 on the top and bottom vertebral engaging surfaces 112 a , 112 b are configured to align with the convex streamline profile of the top and bottom vertebral engaging surfaces 112 a , 112 b , respectively, such that the tips 134 ′ form a radius of curvature R 2 that may be about 50.8 mm ( FIG. 7 ). The first face 126 of the grooves of the first set of grooves 124 of the plurality of protrusions 122 and the second face 128 that is substantially sloped or inclined with respect to the top and bottom vertebral engaging surfaces 112 a , 112 b may define an angle θ 1 of about 63.5 degrees (see FIG. 7 ). For manufacturing purposes, the intersection between the first face 126 and the second face 128 may define a radius of curvature R 4 that may be about 0.25 mm. Alternatively, as described above, a further surface feature such as a flat surface portion between surfaces 126 , 128 may be provided.

The plurality of semi-pyramidal protrusions 142 of the second surface regions 112 a ″, 112 b ″ each have a tip 142 ′ (see FIGS. 7 and 9 ) such that the tips 142 ′ are aligned with the second surface regions 112 a ″, 112 b ″ to form an angle θ 2 (see FIG. 7 ) between the second surface region 112 a ″ and the second surface region 112 b ″ of about 50 degrees at the proximal end 108 of the substantially streamlined convex profile.

Referring also to FIG. 9 , the first sloped face 146 oriented towards the distal end 104 of the body 102 and the second face 148 oriented towards proximal end 108 and substantially orthogonal to the top and bottom vertebral engaging surfaces 112 a , 112 b form an angle θ 3 that may be about 60 degrees. For manufacturing purposes, the groove 144 therebetween ( FIG. 2 ) may have a radius of curvature R 6 of about 0.13 mm. The pitch between the second faces 148 is defined by a distance d 1 that may be about 0.9 mm. Alternatively, it is contemplated that the angle θ 3 between the first sloped face 146 and the second sloped face 148 may be about 90 degrees.

Referring to FIG. 12 , the third sloped face 156 facing towards side surface 162 a and the fourth sloped face 158 facing towards the other side surface 162 b define an angle θ 4 that may be about 84 degrees. The pitch between the tips 142 ′ in the direction transverse to the side surfaces 162 a , 162 b is defined by a distance d 2 that may be about 1.2 mm. The tips 142 ′ have a “flat-head” distance d 3 between the third sloped face 156 and the fourth sloped face 158 of about 0.076 mm. Specifically, each tip 142 ′ terminates in an apex having a planar surface that has a length dimension defined as d 3 .

Additionally, the third surface regions 112 a ″′, 112 b ″′ of surfaces 112 a , 112 b , respectively (see FIG. 2 ) are configured to align with the convex streamline profile of the top and bottom vertebral engaging surfaces 112 a , 112 b , respectively, such that the third surface regions 112 a ″′, 112 b ′″ define a radius of curvature R 1 of about 13 mm, and more specifically about 13.33 mm, thereby forming rounded surfaces (see FIG. 2 ).

Referring to FIGS. 3-6 , as previously discussed with respect to FIGS. 3 and 4 , the body 102 is configured such that each of the side surfaces 162 a , 162 b , respectively, has a substantially atraumatic blunt nose profile with respect to the contoured first end surface 104 and the substantially flat second end surface 108 . More particularly, to form the atraumatic blunt nose profile, the set of side surfaces 162 a , 162 b may further include contoured distal surface regions 162 a ′, 162 b ′ that extend from the contoured first end surface 104 at the distal end to transition regions 164 a , 164 b where the set of side surfaces 162 a , 162 b , respectively, transition to substantially flat side surfaces. The contoured distal surface regions 162 a ′, 162 b ′ may form a radius of curvature R 5 that may be about 7.6 mm. Alternatively, it is contemplated that distal surface regions 162 a ′, 162 b ′ may be substantially planar surfaces, with rounded corners transitioning from the planar surfaces to the flat sides of the body and to the third surface regions 112 a ″′, 112 b ″′. The body 102 has a length dimension L 1 extending from the contoured first end surface 104 at the distal end to the second end surface 108 at the proximal end 110 that may be about 22 mm. The body 102 has a width dimension B as defined by the distance between side surface 162 a and side surface 162 b that may be about 8.5 mm. The contoured distal surface regions 162 a ′, 162 b ′ define the radius of curvature R 5 and the third surface regions 112 a ″′, 112 b ″′ define the radius of curvature R 1 and converge to form the substantially contoured first end surface or rounded shape 104 between the top and bottom surfaces 112 a , 112 b , respectively,

As previously discussed with respect to FIGS. 5 and 6 , the body 102 is configured such that the top and bottom vertebral engaging surfaces 112 a , 112 b intersect with the third and fourth surfaces 162 a , 162 b , respectively, to provide a substantially quadrilateral cross-section with rounded corners 140 . The rounded corners 140 form a radius of curvature R 3 that may be about 1.27 mm.

Referring again to FIGS. 1 and 2 , the body 102 may further include an aperture 170 formed therein that extends transversely across the body 102 through the side surfaces 162 a , 162 b . The aperture 170 may be disposed transversely under at least a portion of the first surface region 112 a ′ and over at least a portion of the first surface region 112 b′.

Referring again to FIGS. 1 and 3 , the body 102 may further include an aperture 172 formed therein that may extend vertically through the body 102 .

The paths of the apertures 170 , 172 intersect to form a hollow central region 174 of the body 102 . The apertures 170 , 172 and the hollow central region 174 may be filled with osteoconductive or osteoinductive materials (e.g. bone, bone chips, bone substitutes, bone growth promoting materials such as bone morphogenic proteins, etc.), or both, to enable and/or promote growth of vertebral bone therebetween to anchor the spinal interbody spacer 100 within the spine of a patient.

Referring again to FIGS. 3 and 4 , as discussed above, the plurality of protrusions 122 of the first surface regions 112 a ′, 112 b ′ may further define the second set of grooves or channels 134 oriented towards the distal end 106 of the body 102 . The aperture 172 forming the central hollow region 174 may be disposed within the body 102 to form a first lateral edge 172 ′ substantially parallel to side surface 162 a and a second lateral edge 172 ″substantially parallel to the fourth surface 162 b such that a first line 184 ′ of the second set of grooves or channels 134 are disposed between the first lateral edge 172 ′ and the side 162 a and a second line 184 ″ of the second set of grooves or channels 134 are disposed between the second lateral edge 172 ″ and the side 162 b . The first line 184 ′ and the second line 184 ″ are disposed symmetrically with respect to the centerline axis X-X that extends from the distal end to the proximal end 110 . A third line 184 ″′ of the second set of grooves or channels 134 may be disposed along the centerline axis X-X to bisect the third surface region 112 a ″, 112 b ′ and also along at least the most proximal of the plurality of protrusions 122 .

As best shown in FIGS. 3 and 8 , the top vertebral engaging surface 112 a differs from the bottom vertebral engaging surface 112 b in that the top vertebral engaging surface 112 a includes at least one aperture 190 a formed therein and at least partially penetrating therethrough, and at least one second aperture 192 formed therein and at least partially penetrating therethrough. In contrast, as best shown in FIGS. 4 and 8 , the bottom vertebral engaging surface 112 b includes at least one aperture 190 b formed therein and at least partially penetrating therethrough, but not necessarily another aperture. The apertures 190 a , 190 b and 192 are configured to receive an optional fiduciary insert (not shown), thus allowing the orientation of the spinal interbody spacer 100 to be determined using a number of different imaging modalities as are known in the art. This feature is particularly important when spacer 100 is made from a substantially radiolucent material (e.g. polyetheretherketone or PEEK).

Referring to FIGS. 1 , 2 , 6 , 7 , 10 , 11 and 12 , the proximal end 110 of the body 102 may further include an internally threaded aperture 176 disposed through the second end surface 108 communicating with the hollow central region 174 . The internally threaded aperture 176 enables engagement with a corresponding threaded end of an insertion tool (not shown). The body 102 may also be configured such that a set of depressions 178 are formed therein at the proximal end 110 of the body 102 in a manner to be symmetrically disposed adjacent to the aperture 176 and to provide a substantially I-shaped configuration to the second end surface 108 at the proximal end 110 . The depressions 178 are further configured to enable engagement with stabilizing jaws of a spacer insertion device to facilitate the insertion of the spinal interbody spacer 100 .

Referring now to FIGS. 13-21 , another embodiment of a spinal interbody spacer is disclosed and has a number of features in common with the spinal interbody spacer 100 described above. For that reason, except for the specific differences described below, analogous features are designated by a 200 series nomenclature that correspond to the previously discussed 100 series designation. More particularly, referring to FIGS. 13-16 , in this embodiment, spinal interbody spacer 200 includes a body 202 having a substantially contoured first end surface 204 at a distal or leading end 206 of the body 202 and a second end surface 208 opposite thereto at a proximal or trailing end 210 of the body 202 . The body 202 extends between the first and second end surfaces, 204 , 208 , respectively, to define top and bottom vertebral engaging surfaces 212 a , 212 b , respectively. The top and bottom vertebral engaging surfaces 212 a , 212 b , respectively, are disposed opposite to one another. The body 202 also extends between the first and second end surfaces, 204 , 208 , respectively, to define opposing side surfaces 262 a , 262 b , respectively.

As best illustrated in FIGS. 13 , 14 and 16 , the body 202 is configured such that the top and bottom vertebral engaging surfaces 212 a , 212 b intersect the side surfaces 262 a , 262 b , respectively, to provide a substantially quadrilateral cross-section with rounded corners 240 . As illustrated in FIG. 16 , the body 202 has, by way of example, a substantially rectangular cross-section, although other quadrilateral shapes such as a square are also contemplated. In addition, the cross-section shape may also be hexagonal or other suitable multilateral shape. The embodiments are not limited in this context.

As best illustrated in FIGS. 13-15 , 17 and 21 , the body 202 is also configured such that the top and bottom vertebral engaging surfaces 212 a , 212 b , respectively, have a substantially planar profile and are configured to be substantially symmetrical around a centerline axis X′-X′ that extends from the distal end 206 to the proximal end 210 .

As best illustrated in FIGS. 19 and 20 , the body 202 is configured such that the top and bottom surfaces 212 a , 212 b , respectively, have a substantially atraumatic blunt nose profile with respect to the contoured first end surface 204 and the substantially flat or planar second end surface 208 . That is, the body 202 is configured such that the substantially planar or flat top and bottom surfaces 212 a , 121 b , respectively. and the convex side surfaces 262 a , 262 b , respectively, converge at the distal end 206 of the body 202 to define a substantially atraumatic blunt nose having a tip 205 configured at least partially with planar surfaces 207 defined by the top and bottom surfaces 212 a , 212 b , respectively, and rounded surfaces 267 defined by the side surfaces 262 a , 262 b , respectively.

FIG. 19 illustrates a plan view of the top vertebral engaging surface 212 a while FIG. 20 illustrates a plan view of the bottom vertebral engaging surface 212 b . As illustrated in FIGS. 19 and 20 by way of example, both surfaces 212 a , 212 b include at least first and second surface regions 212 a ′, 212 a ″ and 212 b ′, 212 b ″, respectively, that have distinct surface characteristics. Referring also to FIGS. 15 , 17 and 21 , the surface characteristic of the first surface regions 212 a ′, 212 b ′ is such that the first surface regions 212 a ′, 212 b ′ each have a plurality of protrusions 222 having a particular configuration. Similarly, the surface characteristic of the second surface regions 212 a ″, 212 b ″ is such that the second surface regions 212 a ″, 212 b ″ each have a plurality of protrusions 242 having a particular configuration. The configuration of the plurality of protrusions 242 of the second surface regions 212 a ″, 212 b ″ differs from the configuration of the plurality of protrusions 222 of the first surface regions 212 a ′, 212 b ′. The configuration of the plurality of protrusions 222 of the first surface regions 212 a ′, 212 b ′ is such that the plurality of protrusions 222 of the first surface regions 212 a ′, 212 b ′ define a first set of grooves 224 . Each groove of the first set of grooves 224 has a position along the first surface regions 212 a ′, 212 b ′ of the top and bottom vertebral engaging surfaces 212 a , 212 b . Each groove of the first set of grooves 224 includes a first face 226 that is substantially orthogonal to the top and bottom vertebral engaging surfaces 212 a , 212 b , respectively, i.e., to the axis X′-X′, at the respective position of the groove. Each groove of the first set of grooves 224 includes a second opposing face 228 . The second face 228 is substantially sloped or inclined with respect to the top and bottom vertebral engaging surfaces 212 a , 212 b , respectively, so that the surfaces or faces 226 , 228 converge at the bottom of the groove. The surfaces 226 , 228 may intersect via a flat surface portion 214 that may be substantially parallel to axis X′-X′ (see FIG. 15 ) and that may extend between and connect surfaces or faces 226 , 228 . The faces or surfaces 226 and the flat surface portions 214 intersect to define an orthogonal angle at their junction. Thus, at least a portion of a bone engaging region between the first face 226 and second face 228 is configured as a flat surface 214 .

Referring again to FIG. 13-15 , the first and second surface regions 212 a , 212 b ′ and 212 a ″, 212 b ″, respectively, may be contiguous surface regions forming a border 230 therebetween. The top and bottom vertebral engaging surfaces 212 a , 212 b , respectively, may also include third surface regions 212 a ″′, 212 b ″′ that extend from the substantially contoured first end surface 204 toward a distal edge 232 of the first surface regions 212 a ′, 212 b ′. The third surface regions 212 a ″′, 212 b ″′ have surface characteristics that are distinct from the surface characteristics of the first surface regions 212 a ′, 212 b ′, and distinct from the surface characteristics of the second surface regions 212 a ″, 212 b ″. The first surface regions 212 a ′, 212 b ′ may extend from the distal edge 232 toward the border 230 with the second surface region 212 a ″, 212 b ″. The second surface regions 212 a ″, 212 b ′ may extend from the border 230 to the second end surface 208 . The third surface regions 212 a ″′, 212 b ″′, are contiguous to the first surface regions 212 a ′, 212 b ′ and extend to the distal tip of the spacer 200 . In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 13-21 , the third surface regions 212 a ″′, 212 b ″′ are illustrated as being distal of and contiguous to the first surface regions 212 a , 212 b ′ The first set of grooves 224 defined by the plurality of protrusions 222 of the first surface regions 212 a ′, 212 b ′ face towards the second and third surface regions, 212 a ″, 212 b ″ and 212 a ″′, 212 b ″′, respectively.

Referring to FIGS. 19-20 , the plurality of protrusions 222 of the first surface regions 212 a ′, 212 b ′ may further define a second set of grooves or channels 234 that exist along a longitudinal axis of the body 202 . Each channel or groove of the second set of grooves 234 includes a first face 236 and a second opposing face 238 . The first face 236 and the second face 238 of the grooves 234 may directly intersect as shown or a further surface feature, such as a flat surface portion 234 ′ may extend between and connect these surfaces.

The configuration of the plurality of protrusions 242 of the second surface regions 212 a ″, 212 b ″ is such that they define a set of substantially pyramidal protrusions. Each of the plurality of pyramidal protrusions 242 has a position along the third and fourth surface regions of the top and bottom vertebral engaging surfaces 212 a , 212 b . Each of the plurality of pyramidal protrusions 242 defines a first sloped face 246 facing towards the distal end 204 of the body 202 . In addition, each of the plurality of pyramidal protrusions 242 defines a second face 248 facing towards the proximal end 208 surface of the body 202 and substantially orthogonal to the top and bottom vertebral engaging surfaces 212 a , 212 b at the respective position of the pyramidal protrusion 242 . The first and second faces 246 , 248 respectively may directly intersect or a further surface feature such as a flat surface portion 244 may extend between and connect faces 246 , 248 .

Each of the plurality of semi-pyramidal protrusions 242 defines a third sloped face 256 facing towards the third surface 262 a and defines a fourth sloped face 258 facing towards the fourth surface 262 b . At least one of the third sloped faces 256 and at least one of the fourth sloped faces 258 defines a groove or flat space 254 between each pyramidal protrusion.

The body 202 is configured such that each of the side surfaces 262 a , 262 b , respectively, has a substantially atraumatic blunt nose profile with respect to the contoured first end surface 204 and the substantially flat second end surface 208 . More particularly, to form the atraumatic blunt nose profile, the side surfaces 262 a , 262 b may further include contoured distal surface regions 262 a ′, 262 b ′ that extend from the contoured first end surface 204 at the distal end to transition regions 264 a , 264 b where the side surfaces 262 a , 262 b , respectively, transition to substantially flat surfaces. Alternatively, it is contemplated that distal surface regions 262 a ′, 262 b ′ may be substantially planar surfaces, with rounded corners 240 transitioning from the planar surfaces to the flat sides 262 a , 262 b of the body 202 and to the third surface regions 212 a ″′, 212 b ″′. However, if side surfaces 262 a ′, 262 b ′ are substantially planar, the end surfaces 204 may be either planar or convex.

Referring again to FIGS. 13-15 , in a similar manner as with respect to spinal interbody spacer 100 discussed above, the body 202 of spinal interbody spacer 200 may further include an aperture 270 formed therein that extends transversely across the body 202 through the side surfaces 262 a , 262 b . The aperture 270 may be disposed transversely under at least a portion of the first surface region 212 a ′ and over at least a portion of the first surface region 212 b ′. The body 202 may further include an aperture 272 formed therein that may extend vertically through the body 202 through the first surface regions 212 a ′, 212 b ′ and third surface regions 212 a ″′, 212 b ″′. The paths of the apertures 270 , 272 intersect to form a hollow central region 274 of the body 202 . The apertures 270 , 272 and the hollow central region 274 enable growth of vertebral bone therebetween to anchor the spinal interbody spacer 200 within the spine of a patient. The hollow central region 274 may be filled with osteoconductive or osteoinductive materials (e.g. bone, bone chips, bone substitutes, bone growth promoting materials such as bone morphogenic proteins, etc.), or both, to enable and/or promote growth of vertebral bone therebetween to anchor the spinal interbody spacer 200 within the spine of a patient.

Referring again to FIGS. 19 and 20 , as discussed above, the plurality of protrusions 222 of the first surface regions 212 a ′, 212 b ′ may further define the second set of grooves or channels 234 oriented towards the distal end 206 of the body 202 . The aperture 272 forming the central hollow region 274 may be disposed within the body 202 to form a first lateral edge 272 ′ substantially parallel to the side surface 262 a and a second lateral edge 272 ″ substantially parallel to the side surface 262 b such that a first line 284 ′ of the second set of grooves or channels 234 are disposed between the first lateral edge 272 ′ and side surface 262 a and a second line 284 ″ of the second set of grooves or channels 234 are disposed between the second lateral edge 272 ″ and side surface 262 b . The first line 284 ′ and the second line 284 ″ are disposed symmetrically with respect to the centerline axis X′-X′ that extends from the distal end 206 to the proximal end 210 . A third line 284 ″′ of the second set of grooves or channels 234 may be disposed along the centerline axis X′-X′ to bisect the third surface region 212 a ″′, 212 b ″′ and also along at least the most proximal of the plurality of protrusions 222 .

As best shown in FIGS. 19 and 21 , the bottom vertebral engaging surface 212 b differs from the top vertebral engaging surface 212 a in that the top vertebral engaging surface 212 a includes at least one aperture 290 a formed therein and at least partially penetrating therethrough at least one aperture 292 formed therein and at least partially penetrating therethrough. In contrast, as best shown in FIGS. 20 and 21 , the bottom vertebral engaging surface 212 b includes within second surface region 212 b ″ at least one aperture 290 b formed therein and at least partially penetrating therethrough, but not necessarily another aperture formed within bottom vertebral engaging surface 212 b . The apertures 290 a , 290 b and 292 are configured to receive an optional fiduciary insert (not shown), thus allowing the orientation of the spinal interbody spacer 200 to be determined using a number of different imaging modalities as are known in the art.

Referring to FIGS. 13 and 16 - 18 , the body 202 includes at the trailing end 208 a central portion 280 between top and bottom vertebral engaging surfaces 212 a , 212 b , respectively. The central portion 280 extends from the proximal end 210 . The central portion 280 may further include an internally threaded aperture 276 disposed through the second end surface 208 communicating with the hollow central region 274 . The internally threaded aperture 276 enables engagement with a corresponding threaded end of an insertion tool (not shown). The central portion 280 is configured with a width that is less than the width of the body 202 such that a set of depressions 278 are formed therein at the proximal end 210 of the body 202 in a manner to be symmetrically disposed adjacent to the aperture 276 and to provide a substantially I-shaped configuration to the second end surface 208 at the proximal end 210 . The depressions 278 are further configured to enable engagement with stabilizing jaws of a spacer insertion device to facilitate the insertion of the spinal interbody spacer 200 .

In one embodiment, bordering portions of the second surface regions 212 a ″, 212 b ″ of spinal interbody spacer 200 include trailing ends 208 ′ that extend only from proximal edges 210 ′ that are distal with respect to the proximal end 210 . The proximal edges 210 ′ at the trailing ends 208 ′ and the central portion 280 extending from the proximal end 210 form open corners 282 in proximity to the depressions 278 .

Those skilled in the art will recognize that, and understand how, the dimensions identified previously in FIGS. 1-12 and discussed above, with respect to spinal interbody spacer 100 may be applied analogously to the spinal interbody spacer 200 illustrated in FIGS. 13-21 .

Furthermore, it can be understood from the foregoing disclosure of the exemplary embodiments of spinal interbody spacers 100 , 200 that the spacers 100 , 200 provide spinal implants that provide a desired amount of lordosis, and a desired spacing between adjacent vertebral bodies, resist movement once inserted, and provide a path for bone ingrowth.

It will be understood that various modifications may be made to the embodiments of the presently disclosed spinal interbody spacer. Therefore, the above description should not be construed as limiting, but merely as exemplifications of embodiments. Those skilled in the art will envision other modifications within the scope and spirit of the present disclosure.