Touch panel, method of manufacturing the same, and input device using the same

The present invention relates to a touch panel to be used for operating various electronic devices, to a method of manufacturing the touch panel, and to an input device including the touch panel.

As various electronic devices, such as cellular phones and car-navigation systems, have been having sophisticated functions, an input device including a light-transmittable touch panel mounted onto a front surface of a display element, such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), have been used. While looking at a display on the display element behind the touch panel, an operator pushes the touch panel with a finger or a pen for switching various functions of the electronic devices. The touch panel is required to have an excellent visibility and be inexpensive.

FIG. 11 is a sectional view of conventional touch panel 5001 disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No.2005-274667. This drawing is enlarged in its thickness direction in order to illustrate its structure more understandable. Touch panel 5001 includes substrate 1 which has a film shape and is light-transmittable, substrate 2 which is light-transmittable, upper resistance layer 3 made of light-transmittable resistor, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), placed on a lower surface of substrate 1 , and lower resistance layer 4 made of light-transmittable resistor, such as ITO, placed on an upper surface of substrate 2 . Plural dot-spacers made of insulating resin are provided at predetermined intervals on an upper surface of lower resistance layer 4 . Pair of upper electrodes are formed at both ends of upper resistance layer 3 , respectively. A pair of lower electrodes are formed at both ends of lower resistance layer 4 which are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the upper electrodes. Spacer 5 having substantially a frame shape is adhered onto respective outer peripheries of substrates 1 and 2 with adhesive layers provided on upper and lower surfaces of spacer 5 , so that upper resistance layer 3 faces lower resistance layer 4 by a predetermined gap between the surfaces.

Adhesive layers 7 A and 7 B are provided on upper and lower surfaces of sheet 6 , respectively. Adhesive layer 7 A is bonded to a lower surface of substrate 2 , and removable paper 8 is attached onto adhesive layer 7 B.

Removable paper 8 is peeled off from touch panel 5001 , and then adhesive layer 7 B is bonded to a front surface of a display element, such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), thus providing touch panel 5001 mounted onto the electronic device. The upper electrodes and the lower electrodes are connected to an electronic circuit of the electronic device.

While looking at a display on the display element through touch panel 5001 , an operator pushes an upper surface of substrate 1 with a finger or a pen. Substrate 1 accordingly sags and causes upper resistance layer 3 to contact lower resistance layer 4 at a pushed portion of the substrate. The electronic circuit applies a voltage to the upper electrode, and detects, via the lower electrode, a voltage corresponding to the pushed portion of the upper electrode. Then, the circuit applies a voltage to the lower electrode and detects, via the upper electrode, a voltage corresponding to the pushed portion. The electronic device calculates the pushed portion based on the detected voltages, then switching various functions of the electronic device.

A method of manufacturing touch panel 5001 will be described below. FIGS. 12A to 12C are sectional views of touch panel 5001 for illustrating the method of manufacturing the touch panel. As shown in FIG. 12A , substrate 1 and substrate 2 are bonded to spacer 5 . Then, sheet 6 is attached onto the lower surface of substrate 2 with roller 9 , as shown in FIG. 12B . Roller presses the left side of substrate 2 to cause the left side of substrate 2 to sag upward and to compress air between substrates 1 and 2 , accordingly causing the right side of substrate 2 to expand downward and producing swell 2 C. As a result, as shown in FIG. 12C , sheet 6 is attached onto substrate 2 while air bubble 2 D is produced between substrates 1 and 2 . Upon being attached onto the display element with sheet 6 , touch panel 5001 causes air bubble 2 D to prevent the operator hard from looking at the display element.

In order to avoid the production of air bubble 2 D, the pressure applied by roller 9 to sheet 6 is precisely adjusted, or roller 9 is moved slowly so as not to produce swell 2 C, thus increasing labor and time to manufacture the panel.

Touch panel 5001 may be attached onto the display element with misalignments due to a positional deviation. In order to be removed from and again attached onto the display element, in the case that touch panel 5001 is removed at adhesive layer 7 A from the display element, sheet 6 which remains and is attached onto the display element is necessarily peeled off again. In the case that panel 5001 is removed at adhesive layer 7 B from the display element, layer 7 B which remains and is attached onto the display element is necessarily peeled off. Thus, both the cases require a certain work and time for mounting panel 5001 onto the display element again.

A touch panel includes a first substrate, a first resistance layer on a surface of the first substrate, a second substrate, a second resistance layer on a surface of the second substrate, a spacer having substantially a frame shape provided between outer peripheries of the first and second substrates, a sheet having a surface attached to the surface of the second substrate with a first adhesive layer, and a second adhesive layer on the surface of the sheet. The second resistance layer faces the first resistance layer by a predetermined gap between the second and first resistance layers. The second adhesive layer has an adhesion property weaker than that of the first adhesive layer.

This touch panel can be attached onto a display element again easily.

FIG. 1A is a sectional view of a touch panel in accordance with Exemplary Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 1B is a sectional view of an input device in accordance with Embodiment 1.

FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the touch panel in accordance with Embodiment 1.

FIGS. 3A to 3C are exploded sectional views of the touch panel for illustrating a method of manufacturing the touch panel in accordance with Embodiment 1.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of another touch panel in accordance with Embodiment 1.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view of still another touch panel in accordance with Embodiment 1.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a further touch panel in accordance with Embodiment 1.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a further touch panel in accordance with Exemplart Embodiment 1.

FIG. 8A is a sectional view of a touch panel in accordance with Exemplary Embodiment 2 of the invention.

FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective view of the touch panel in accordance with Embodiment 2.

FIG. 10A is a sectional view of a touch panel in accordance with Embodiment 3 of the invention.

FIG. 10B is a sectional view of an input device in accordance with Embodiment 3.

FIG. 11 is a sectional view of a conventional touch panel.

FIGS. 12A to 12C are exploded sectional views of the conventional touch panel for illustrating a conventional method of manufacturing the touch panel.

Exemplary Embodiment 1

FIG. 1A is a sectional view of touch panel 1001 in accordance with Exemplary Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 1B is a sectional view of input device 2001 in accordance with Embodiment 1. FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of touch panel 1001 . In FIGS. 1 and 2 , sizes in its thickness direction are enlarged to be more understandable. Touch panel 1001 includes substrate 1 , substrate 2 , resistance layer 3 , and resistance layer 4 . Substrate 1 has upper surface 1 A and lower surface 1 B opposite to upper surface 1 A. Substrate 2 has upper surface 2 A and lower surface 2 B opposite to upper surface 2 A. Substrates 1 and 2 are made of light-transmittable insulating film, such as polyethylene terephtharate or polycarbonate. Resistance layer 3 is provided on lower surface 1 B of substrate 1 and is made of light-transmittable resistance material, such as indium tin oxide or tin oxide. Resistance layer 4 is provided on upper surface 2 A of substrate 2 and is made of light-transmittable resistance material, such as indium tin oxide or tin oxide. Resistance layers 3 and 4 are formed by sputtering.

Electrodes 32 A and 32 B made of electrically conductive material, such as silver or carbon, are provided at both ends of resistance layer 3 in along direction 1001 A, respectively. Electrodes 33 A and 33 B made of electrically conductive material, such as silver or carbon, are provided at both ends of resistance layer 4 in direction 1001 B perpendicular to direction 1001 A.

Spacer 15 has substantially a frame shape, and is made of insulating material, such as non-woven fabric or polyester film. Adhesive material, such as acrylic or rubber, is applied on upper surface 15 A of spacer 15 , and outer periphery 1 E of substrate 1 is adhered on upper surface 16 A. Similarly, adhesive material, such as acrylic or rubber, is applied on lower surface 15 B of spacer 15 , and outer periphery 2 E of substrate 2 is adhered on lower surface 15 B. Lower surface 3 B of resistance layer 3 faces upper surface 4 A of resistance layer 4 by a predetermined gap between the surfaces. Plural dot spacers 31 made of insulating resin, such as epoxy or silicone, are formed on upper surface 4 A of resistance layer 4 at predetermined intervals.

Sheet 16 is made of light-transmittable film, such as polyethylene terephtharate or polycarbonate, and has upper surface 16 A and lower surface 16 B opposite to upper surface 16 A. Adhesive agent, such as acrylic, having a strong adhesion property is applied onto upper surface 16 A, thus providing adhesive layer 17 A. Sheet 16 is attached onto lower surface 2 B of substrate 2 with adhesive layer 17 A. Adhesive agent, such as silicone rubber, having a weak adhesion property is applied onto lower surface 16 B of sheet 16 , thus providing adhesive layer 17 B. Removable sheet 18 made of thin film, such as paper or polyester film, is attached onto adhesive layer 17 B having the adhesive property weaker than that of adhesive layer 17 A.

As shown in FIG. 1B , removable sheet 18 is peeled off, and adhesive layer 17 B on lower surface 16 B of sheet 16 is attached onto display surface 101 A of display element 101 , such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), thus providing input device 2001 .

A portion of spacer 15 is cut out to form opening 15 C which allows inside 15 D of the frame shape to communicate with outside 15 E of the frame shape. Sheet 16 has tab 16 C protruding outward, and tab 16 C is bent upward, so that tab 16 covers and closes opening 15 C of spacer 15 . Tip 16 D of tab 16 C is attached onto upper surface 1 A of substrate 1 with adhesive layer 17 A having the strong adhesion property.

FIGS. 3A to 3C are exploded sectional views of touch panel 1001 for illustrating a method of manufacturing the touch panel in accordance with Embodiment 1. As shown in FIG. 3A , substrate 1 is attached onto upper surface 15 A of spacer 15 , and substrate 2 is attached onto lower surface 15 B of spacer 15 . Then, sheet 16 is attached onto lower surface 2 B of substrate 2 with adhesive layer 17 A. At this moment, as shown in FIG. 3B , roller 9 presses sheet 16 onto substrate 2 toward substrate 1 . Roller 9 presses a portion of substrate 2 and causes substrate 2 to sag upward, namely, toward substrate 1 , thus compresses air between substrates 1 and 2 . The air can enter and exhaust through opening 15 C provided in spacer 15 . Substrate 2 does not expand downward, thus not producing a swell (swell 2 C shown in FIG. 12A ). This prevents an air bubble (air bubble 2 D shown in FIG. 12C ) from being produced due to the swell of substrate 2 . In other words, even if roller 9 presses the substrate rather strongly or moves rather fast, no air bubble is produced between lower surface 2 B of substrate 2 and sheet 16 . This allows sheet 16 to be attached onto substrate 2 while producing no air bubble which reduces visibility of display element 101 .

Then, as shown in FIG. 3C , tab 16 C of sheet 16 is bent upward as to covering opening 15 C of spacer 15 . Tip 16 D of tab 16 C is further bent and is attached onto upper surface 1 A of substrate 1 with adhesive layer 17 A, thus providing touch panel 1001 shown in FIG. 1 .

Touch panel 1001 in accordance with Embodiment 1 includes spacer 1 which has substantially the frame shape and has opening 15 C therein, and spacer 15 couples substrate 1 to substrate 2 . When sheet 16 is attached onto lower surface 2 B of substrate 2 , the air can enter and exhaust through opening 15 C as to prevent substrate 2 from swelling, thereby allowing sheet 16 to be attached onto substrate 2 without air bubbles. After sheet 16 is attached onto substrate 2 , opening 15 C is closed with tab 16 C, thereby preventing dust and moisture from entering into a space between substrates 1 and 2 . As a result, an operator activates touch panel 1001 stably. Adhesive layer 17 B and removable sheet 18 may have tabs protruding outward.

Removable sheet 18 is peeled off, and then, lower surface 16 B of sheet 16 of touch panel 1001 is attached onto display element 101 , thus allowing touch panel 1001 to be mounted to an electronic device. Electrodes 32 A, 32 B, 33 A, and 33 B are connected to an electronic circuit of the electronic device.

While looking at display of display screen 101 A of display element 101 through touch panel 1001 , an operator presses upper surface 1 A of substrate 1 with a finger or a pen to cause substrate 1 to sag, accordingly causing resistance layer 3 to contact resistance layer 4 at a pressed portion of the substrate. The electronic circuit applies a voltage between electrodes 32 A and 32 B, and detects a voltage of electrode 33 A or electrode 33 B. The electronic circuit calculates the pressed position along direction 1001 A based on the detected voltage. Then, the circuit applies a voltage between electrodes 33 A and 33 B, and detects a voltage of electrode 32 A or 32 B. The circuit calculates the pressed position along direction 1001 B based on the detected voltage. Thus, the circuit calculates the respective positions of the pressed portion in directions 1001 A and 1001 B, so that the electronic circuit switches various functions of the electronic device in response to the calculated position.

Touch panel 1001 may be attached onto display element 101 with misalignment due to a positional deviation. In touch panel 1001 , adhesive layer 17 A on upper surface 16 A of sheet 16 has the strong adhesion property, and adhesive layer 17 B on lower surface 16 B has the adhesion property weaker than that of adhesive layer 17 A. When touch panel 1001 is removed from display element 101 just after being attached onto display element 101 , sheet 16 is not removed from substrate 2 , so that touch panel 1001 can be mounted onto display element 101 again.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of another touch panel 1002 in accordance with Embodiment 1. In FIG. 4 , components similar to those of touch panel 1001 shown in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and their descriptions are omitted. Sheet 16 is attached onto upper surface 1 A of substrate 1 with adhesive layer 17 A. Sheet 16 A protects upper surface 1 A serving as an operating surface. Sheet 16 of touch panel 1002 has tab 16 C, and tab 16 C is bent downward as to cover and close opening 15 C of spacer 15 .

FIG. 5 is a sectional view of still another touch panel 1003 in accordance with Embodiment 1. In FIG. 5 , components similar to those of touch panel 1001 shown in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and their descriptions are omitted. Touch panel 1003 further includes polarizing plate 51 on upper surface 1 A of substrate 1 . Polarizing plate 51 includes a layer of polyvinyl alcohol and layers of triacetyl cellulose on both surfaces of the layer of polyvinyl alcohol. The layer of polyvinyl alcohol is formed by adsorbing iodine and dye and then drawing and providing the layer with orientation. Polarizing plate 51 has a linear polarization property.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a further touch panel 1004 in accordance with Embodiment 1. In FIG. 6 , components similar to those of touch panel 1003 shown in FIG. 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and their descriptions are omitted. Touch panel 1004 further includes phase shifter plate 52 placed between polarizing plate 51 and substrate 1 . Phase shifter plate 52 is provided on upper surface 1 A of substrate 1 , and polarizing plate 51 is provided on upper surface 52 A of phase shifter plate 52 . Phase shifter plate 52 is made of polycarbonate or cyclo-olefin polymer film being drawn and having a birefringence property. Phase shifter plate 52 produces a phase shifting by a ¼ wavelength. Touch panel 1004 includes sheet 116 instead of sheet 16 shown in FIG. 5 . Sheet 116 has a shape similar to that of sheet 16 , and is made of material identical to that of phase shifter plate 52 . Sheet 116 and phase shifter plate 52 together function as a circularly-polarizing plate. Sheet 116 has tab 116 C protruding outward similarly to sheet 16 shown in FIG. 5 . Tab 116 C is bent upward to cover and close opening 15 C of spacer 15 . Tip 116 D of tab 116 C is attached onto upper surface 51 A of polarizing plate 51 .

FIG. 7 shows a sectional view of further touch panel 1005 in accordance with Embodiment 1. In FIG. 7 , components similar to those of touch panel 1002 shown in FIG. 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and their descriptions are omitted. Touch panel 1005 further includes phase shifter plate 152 provided on lower surface 2 B of substrate 2 . Plate 152 is made of polycarbonate or cyclo-olefin polymer film being drawn and having a birefringence property. Phase shifter plate 52 produces a phase shifting by a ¼ wavelength. Touch panel 1005 includes sheet 216 instead of sheet 16 of touch panel 1002 shown in FIG. 4 . Sheet 216 has a shape similar to that of sheet 16 , and is made of material identical to that of phase shifter plate 152 . Touch panel 1005 further includes polarizing plate 151 provided on upper surface 216 A of sheet 216 . Polarizing plate 151 includes a layer of polyvinyl alcohol and layers of triacetyl cellulose on both surfaces of the layer of polyvinyl alcohol. The layer of polyvinyl alcohol is formed by adsorbing iodine and dye and then drawing and providing the layer with orientation. Polarizing plate 51 has a linear polarization property. Sheet 216 and phase shifter plate 152 together function as a circularly-polarizing plate. Sheet 216 has tab 216 C protruding outward as sheet 16 shown in FIG. 5 has. Tab 216 C is bent upward to cover and close opening 15 C of spacer 15 . Tip 216 D of tab 216 C is attached onto lower surface 152 B of polarizing plate 152 .

Exemplary Embodiment 2

FIG. 8A is a sectional view of touch panel 2001 in accordance with Exemplary Embodiment 2 of the present invention. FIG. 8B is an exploded view of touch panel 2001 . Touch panel 2001 includes substrate 501 , substrate 502 , resistance layer 503 , and resistance layer 504 . Substrate 501 has upper surface 501 A and lower surface 501 B opposite to upper surface 501 A. Substrate 502 has upper surface 502 A and lower surface 502 B opposite to upper surface 502 A. Substrate 501 is made of light-transmittable insulating film, such as polyethylene terephtharate or polycarbonate. Substrate 502 is made of light-transmittable insulating material, such as glass, acrylic, or polycarbonate. Resistance layer 503 is provided on lower surface 501 B of substrate 501 and is made of light-transmittable resistance material, such as indium tin oxide or tin oxide. Resistance layer 4 is provided on upper surface 502 A of substrate 502 , and is made of light-transmittable resistance material, such as indium tin oxide or tin oxide. Resistance layers 503 and 504 are formed by sputtering.

Electrodes 532 A and 532 B made of electrically conductive material, such as silver or carbon, are provided at both ends of resistance layer 503 along direction 2001 A. Electrodes 533 A and 533 B made of electrically conductive material, such as silver or carbon, are provided at both ends of resistance layer 504 along direction 2001 B perpendicular to direction 2001 A.

Spacer 515 has substantially a frame shape and is made of insulating material, such as non-woven fabric or polyester film. Adhesive material, such as acrylic or rubber, is applied onto upper surface 515 A of spacer 515 , and an outer periphery of substrate 501 is attached onto upper surface 515 A. Similarly, adhesive material, such as acrylic or rubber, is applied onto lower surface 515 B of spacer 515 , and an outer periphery of substrate 502 is attached onto lower surface 515 B. Lower surface 503 B of resistance layer 503 faces upper surface 504 A of resistance layer 504 by a predetermined gap between the surfaces. Plural dot spacers 531 made of insulating resin, such as epoxy or silicone, are provided on upper surface 504 A of resistance layer 504 at predetermined intervals.

Light-transmittable sheet 516 is made of film, such as polyethylene terephtharate or polycarbonate film, and has upper surface 516 A and lower surface 516 B opposite to upper surface 516 A. Strong adhesive layer 517 A, such as acrylic, having a strong adhesion property having an adhesive strength to glass ranging from 0.1 N/cm to 20 N/cm, is formed on upper surface 516 A of sheet 516 . Sheet 516 is thus attached onto lower surface 502 B of substrate 502 with strong adhesive layer 517 A having the strong adhesion property.

Weak adhesive layer 517 B, such as olefin-based material or styrene-based material, having a weak adhesion having an adhesive strength to glass ranging from 0.01 N/cm to 0.5 N/cm is formed on lower surface 516 B of sheet 516 . Removable sheet 508 made of flexible sheet, such as paper or film, is attached onto weak adhesive layer 517 B. That is, an adhesion property of weak adhesive layer 517 B is determined to be weaker than that of strong adhesive layer 517 A.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view of input device 3001 in accordance with Embodiment 2. Removable sheet 508 of touch panel 2001 is peeled off, and then weak adhesive layer 517 B is attached onto display screen 510 A of display element 510 , such as an LCD. Electrodes 532 A, 532 B, 533 A, and 533 B are connected to an electronic circuit of an electronic device, and thus, input device 3001 is mounted to the electronic device.

While looking at a display on display screen 510 A of display element 510 through touch panel 2001 , an operator presses upper surface 501 A of substrate 501 with a finger or a pen to cause substrate 501 sag, thereby causing resistance layer 503 to contact resistance layer 504 at a pressed portion. The electronic circuit applies a voltage between electrodes 532 A and 532 B, and detects a voltage via electrode 533 A or electrode 533 B. The electronic circuit calculates the position of the pressed portion along direction 2001 A based on the detected voltage. Then, the circuit applies a voltage between electrodes 533 A and 533 B, and detects a voltage via electrode 532 A or 532 B. The circuit calculates the position of the pressed portion along direction 2001 B based on the detected voltage. As a result, the circuit calculates the respective positions of the pressed portion in directions 2001 A and 2001 B, so that the electronic circuit switches various functions of the electronic device in response to the calculated position.

Touch panel 2001 may be mounted to display element 510 with misalignment due to a positional deviation. Lower surface 516 B of sheet 516 has weak adhesive layer 517 B having the weak adhesion property, and touch panel 2001 is attached onto display element 510 with weak adhesive layer 517 B. This arrangement allows touch panel 2001 to be removed from display element 510 easily and attached onto display element 510 again.

Sheet 516 is bonded to substrate 502 with strong adhesive layer 517 A having a strong adhesion property, and sheet 516 is bonded to display element 510 with weak adhesive layer 517 B having the adhesion property weaker than that of strong adhesive layer 517 A. When touch panel 2001 is removed from display element 510 , sheet 516 keeps adhering to substrate 502 and removes from display element 510 . Therefore, after touch panel 2001 is removed, sheet 516 is not necessarily peeled off from display element 510 .

Weak adhesive layer 517 B has a weak adhesive property to glass ranging from 0.01 N/cm to 0.5 N/cm, and is applied on lower surface 516 B of sheet 516 , hence being neither transcribed nor attached onto display element 510 . After sheet 516 is peeled off, it is not necessary to remove weak adhesive layer 517 B since weak adhesive layer 517 B does not remain on display element 510 .

Weak adhesive layer 517 B may be made of single material, such as silicone rubber or urethane rubber. According to Embodiment 2, weak adhesive layer 517 B is made of thermoplastic elastomer, such as olefin-based material, styrene-based material, ester-based material, or polyvinyl chloride-based material, and hence having its adhesive property adjusted easily.

Weak adhesive layer 517 B contains soft segment and hard segment which has an adhesive property stronger than that of the soft segment. Weak adhesive layer 517 B made of the olefin-based thermoplastic elastomer contains ethylene propylene as the hard segment and polyethylene polypropylene as the soft segment. Weak adhesive layer 517 B made of the styrene thermoplastic elastomer contains polybutadiene as the hard segment and polystyrene as the soft segment. Weak adhesive layer 517 B made of the urethane-based thermoplastic elastomer contains polyester-polyether as the hard segment and polyurethane as the soft segment. Weak adhesive layer 517 B made of the ester-based thermoplastic elastomer contains polyether-polyester as the hard segment and polyester as the soft segment. Weak adhesive layer 517 B made of the polyvinyl chloride-based thermoplastic elastomer contains noncrystalline polyvinyl chloride as the hard segment and crystalline polyvinyl chloride as the soft segment.

Weak adhesive layer 517 B contains the segments of thermoplastic elastomer having adhesive properties different from each other. The adhesive property of weak adhesive layer 517 B is adjusted easily depending on the mixture ratio of these segments. Thus, the adhesive property of weak adhesive layer 517 B may be adjusted according to the adhesive property of strong adhesive layer 517 A so as to allow touch panel 2001 to be peeled off from display element 510 .

Strong adhesive layer 517 A is made of material having an adhesion property ranging preferably from 1 N/cm to 10 N/cm as to have the adhesion property stronger than that of adhesion layer 517 B in order to allow layer 517 B having the weak adhesion property to remove from display element 1001 whenever touch panel 2001 is removed from display element 510 .

Exemplary Embodiment 3

FIG. 10A is a sectional view of touch panel 2002 in accordance with Exemplary Embodiment 3 of the present invention. FIG. 10B is a sectional view of input device 3002 in accordance with Embodiment 3. In FIGS. 10A and 10B , components similar to those of touch panel 2001 shown in FIG. 8A and input device 3001 shown in FIG. 9 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and their descriptions are omitted.

Substrate 501 of touch panel 2002 is made of polycarbonate, polyether-sulfone. Subtrate 502 is made of polycarbonate, polyether-sulfone, or glass. Touch panel 2002 includes sheet 1516 instead of sheet 516 of touch panel 2001 . Sheet 1516 is made of polycarbonate or cyclo-olefin polymer film being drawn and having a birefringence property. Sheet 1516 produces a phase shifting by a ¼ wavelength.

Phase shifter plate 520 made of material identical to that of sheet 1516 is provided on upper surface 501 A of substrate 501 . Polarizing plate 521 is provided on upper surface 520 A of plate 520 . Polarizing plate 521 includes a layer of polyvinyl alcohol and layers of triacetyl cellulose on both surfaces of the layer of polyvinyl alcohol. The layer of polyvinyl alcohol is formed by adsorbing iodine and dye and then drawing and providing the layer with orientation. Sheet 1516 and phase shifter plate 520 provides touch panel 2002 of a circularly polarizing type.

An operator looks at display element 510 attached onto lower surface 1516 B of sheet 1516 through touch panel 2002 from above upper surface 521 A of polarizing plate 521 , similarly to touch panel 2001 . When external light, such as sunlight or lamplight, entering from above polarizing plate 521 transmits via polarizing plate 521 , polarizing plate 521 absorbs light, for example polarized in a Y-direction out of an X-direction and the Y-direction crossing perpendicularly to the X-direction. The external light passing through plate 521 becomes light linearly polarized in the X-direction, and enters to phase shifter plate 520 .

Then, this light passes through phase shifter plate 520 of a ¼ wavelength to have a polarizing surface of the light rotated by 45 degrees, and then passes through substrate 510 , resistance layer 503 , and reflects on resistance layer 504 upwardly toward polarizing plate 521 .

The reflected light passes through plate 520 of ¼ wavelength again to have the polarizing surface rotated by 45 degrees, and thus, the light entering into polarizing plate 520 is shifted in its phase by a ½ wavelength, namely, the light has the polarizing surface rotated by 90 degrees. This light comes out from plate 520 again and enters to polarizing plate 521 which transmits light only in the X-direction, so that the light coming out from phase shifter plate 520 is cut off and cannot come out from upper surface 521 A.

Thus, the external light enters from above upper surface 521 A of polarizing plate 521 is reflected on resistance layer 504 upwardly. However, this reflected light is cut off by polarizing plate 521 , so that this light cannot come out from upper surface 521 A. This operation allows touch panel 2002 to be read easily, to have an excellent visibility, and to have no reflection.

In the case that display element 510 employs the LCD, the light coming out from display element 510 is polarized in a predetermined direction. Input device 3002 is placed to allow display element 510 to output light linearly polarized in the Y-direction. The light from display element 510 firstly transmits through sheet 1516 providing the phase shifting of a ¼ wavelength and phase shifter plate 520 providing the phase shifting of ¼ wavelength, so that the light becomes light linearly polarized shifted in phase by ½ wavelength. Since polarizing plate 521 transmits light polarized only in the X-direction, the light coming out from display element 510 and passing through sheet 1516 and phase shifter plate 520 can pass through polarizing plate 521 , and comes out from upper surface 521 A. Thus an operator can clearly reads a display on display element 510 .

Weak adhesive layer 517 B having the weak adhesion property provided on lower surface 1516 A of sheet 1516 allows touch panel 2002 to be removed from display element 510 easily, and prevents weak adhesive layer 517 B from remaining on an upper surface of display element 510 . Thus, touch panel 2002 removed from display element 510 can be mounted onto display element 510 again easily.

According to Embodiment 3, sheet 1516 attached onto lower surface 502 B of substrate 502 employs the phase shifter plate providing the phase shift of ¼ wavelength provides touch panel 2002 input device 3002 with touch panel 2002 including a small number of components, having an excellent visibility, and allowing the display element to be easily.