Ultra wide bandwidth planar antenna

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to a planar antenna, more particularly to an ultra wide bandwidth planar antenna.

2. Description of the Related Art

FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional planar antenna 1 that operates within the ultra wide bandwidth, i.e., between 3.1 GHz and 10.6 GHz. The conventional planar antenna 3 includes a radiating element 10 , a feeding element 11 , and a grounding element 20 . The radiating element 10 is generally elliptical, and has major and minor axes (a, b) that are respectively 11.21 millimeters and 10.125 millimeters in length. The grounding element 20 is generally rectangular in shape, and has a pair of long sides (c), each of which has a length of 30 millimeters, and a pair of short sides (d), each of which has a length of 10 millimeters.

The aforementioned conventional planar antenna 1 is disadvantageous in that, since each long side (c) of the grounding element 20 is longer than the minor axis (b) of the radiating element 10 , the size of the conventional planar antenna 1 is relatively large. Furthermore, as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 , when operated from 9 GHz to 11 GHz, the conventional planar antenna 1 has radiation patterns that are not omni-directional.

Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide an ultra wide bandwidth planar antenna that is relatively small in size, and that has omni-directional radiation patterns when operated above 8 GHz.

According to the present invention, a planar antenna, which is operable within the ultra wide bandwidth, comprises a dielectric substrate, an elliptical radiating element, a feeding element, and a grounding element. The dielectric substrate has opposite first and second surfaces. The elliptical radiating element is formed on the first surface of the dielectric substrate, and has major and minor axes. The ratio of the major axis to the minor axis is between 1.25 and 1.7. The feeding element is formed on the first surface of the dielectric substrate, and is coupled to the radiating element. The grounding element is formed on the second surface of the dielectric substrate, and is coupled to the feeding element.

Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent in the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, of which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a conventional planar antenna;

FIG. 2 is a plot illustrating a radiation pattern of the conventional planar antenna in the x-y plane when operated at 9 GHz;

FIG. 3 is a plot illustrating a radiation pattern of the conventional planar antenna in the x-y plane when operated at 11 GHz;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the first preferred embodiment of a planar antenna according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a fragmentary perspective view of the first preferred embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a plot illustrating a voltage standing wave ratio of the first preferred embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a plot illustrating a radiation pattern of the first preferred embodiment in the x-y plane when operated at 9 GHz;

FIG. 8 is a plot illustrating a radiation pattern of the first preferred embodiment in the x-y plane when operated at 11 GHz;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the second preferred embodiment of a planar antenna according to the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a plot illustrating a voltage standing wave ratio of the second preferred embodiment;

FIG. 11 is a plot illustrating a radiation pattern of the second preferred embodiment in the x-y plane when operated at 9 GHz; and

FIG. 12 is a plot illustrating a radiation pattern of the second preferred embodiment in the x-y plane when operated at 11 GHz.

Before the present invention is described in greater detail, it should be noted that like elements are denoted by the same reference numerals throughout the disclosure.

Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5 , the first preferred embodiment of a planar antenna 3 according to this invention is shown to include a dielectric substrate 30 , a radiating element 34 , a feeding element 32 , and a grounding element 36 .

The planar antenna 3 of this embodiment is operable within the ultra wide band, i.e., between 3.1 GHz and 10.6 GHz.

The dielectric substrate 30 has opposite first and second surfaces 300 , 302 . In this embodiment, the dielectric substrate 30 is available from Rogers Corp. under model no. RO4003C. In an alternative embodiment, the dielectric substrate 30 is a FR-4 substrate.

The radiating element 34 is formed on the first surface 300 of the dielectric substrate 30 , is generally elliptical in shape, and has minor and major axes (b, a). It is noted that the radiating element 34 is formed by providing first a copper foil on the first surface 300 of the dielectric substrate 30 , and then by patterning and etching the copper foil. In this embodiment, the ratio of the major axis (a) to the minor axis (b) is 1.63. In an alternative embodiment, the ratio of the major axis (a) to the minor axis (b) is between 1.25 and 1.7.

The feeding element 32 is formed on the first surface 300 of the dielectric substrate 30 , extends from the radiating element 34 along a line (e) that is collinear with the major axis (a) of the radiating element 34 and that passes through a midpoint of the feeding element 32 , and has opposite first and second end portions 321 , 322 . The first end portion 321 of the feeding element 32 has a distal end that is distal from the second end portion 322 of the feeding element 32 and that is connected to an edge of the radiating element 34 . The second end portion 322 of the feeding element 32 has a distal end that is distal from the first end portion 321 of the feeding element 32 and that is flush with an edge 301 of the dielectric substrate 30 .

The grounding element 36 is formed on the second surface 302 of the dielectric substrate 30 , and is coupled to the feeding element 32 . In this embodiment, the grounding element 36 is generally rectangular in shape, and has a pair of long sides (c), each of which is parallel to and shorter than the minor axis (b) of the radiating element 34 , and a pair of short sides (d). As illustrated in FIG. 4 , the radiating element 34 and the grounding element 36 are not superimposed.

It is noted that the feeding element 32 is centered between projections of the short sides (d) of the grounding element 36 projecting in a direction perpendicular to the dielectric substrate 30 . Moreover, the long side (c) of the grounding element 36 , the one that is distal from the radiating element 34 , is flush with the edge 301 of the dielectric substrate 30 . Further, like the radiating element 34 , the grounding element 36 is formed by providing a copper foil on the second surface 302 of the dielectric substrate 30 , and then by patterning and etching the copper foil.

In this embodiment, the ratio of the long side (c) of the grounding element 36 to the minor axis (b) of the radiating element 34 is less than 0.5. Moreover, the ratio of the long side (c) to the short side (d) of the grounding element 36 is 1.06. Further, in an alternative embodiment, the ratio of the long side (c) to the short side (d) of the grounding element 36 maybe between 1.0 and 1.1.

Based on simulated results, as illustrated in FIG. 6 , the planar antenna 3 of this invention achieves a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of less than 2.5 when operated within 2.2381 GHz and 10.603 GHz. Moreover, as illustrated in FIG. 7 , the planar antenna 3 of this invention has a radiation pattern that is substantially omni-directional when operated at 9 GHz. Moreover, as illustrated in FIG. 8 , the planar antenna 3 of this invention has a radiation pattern that is also substantially omni-directional when operated at 11 GHz.

FIG. 9 illustrates the second preferred embodiment of a planar antenna 3 according to this invention. When compared with the previous embodiment, the first end portion 321 of the feeding element 32 has a width that is narrower than that of the second end portion 322 of the feeding element 32 . Moreover, the radiating element 34 is formed with a pair of triangular holes 400 therethrough. Each of the holes 400 is defined by a hole-defining wall that has a side. The holes 400 are proximate to the feeding element 32 , and are disposed on opposite sides of the major axis (a). In this embodiment, the holes 400 are symmetrical with respect to the major axis such that the sides of the hole-defining walls are parallel to the major axis (a). Further, the grounding element 36 has first and second corners 361 , 362 (see FIG. 4 ) that are proximate to the radiating element 34 , and third and fourth corners 363 , 364 (see FIG. 4 ) that are distal from the radiating element 34 . The grounding element 36 is formed with cutouts at the first and fourth corners 361 , 364 thereof, and is formed with a pair of triangular grooves 360 , each of which is disposed adjacent to a respective one of the second and third corners 362 , 363 thereof.

It is noted that, unlike the previous embodiment, the ratio of the long side (c) of the grounding element 36 to the minor axis (b) of the radiating element 34 is not restricted to less than 0.50, and may be equal to or greater than 0.50. In addition, the ratio of the major axis (a) to the minor axis (b) is 1.375. In an alternative embodiment, the ratio of the major axis (a) to the minor axis (b) is 1.259.

Based on simulated results, as illustrated in FIG. 10 , the planar antenna 3 of this invention achieves a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of less than 2.002 when operated within 3.0935 GHz and 10.627 GHz. Moreover, as illustrated in FIG. 11 , the radiation pattern of the planar antenna 3 of this invention in the X-Y plane is substantially omni-directional when operated at 9 GHz. Further, as illustrated in FIG. 12 , the radiation pattern of the planar antenna 3 of this invention in the X-Y plane is also substantially omni-directional when operated at 11 GHz.

While the present invention has been described in connection with what is considered the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is understood that this invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments but is intended to cover various arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and equivalent arrangements.