Hydronopol derivatives as agonists on human ORL1 receptors

This application claims the priority of European Patent Application No. 03104662.6, filed on Dec. 12, 2003, and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/528,701, filed on Dec. 12, 2003, the contents of all of which are incorporated herein by reference.

The present invention relates to a group of hydronopol derivatives which are agonists on human ORL1 (nociceptin) receptors. The invention also relates to the preparation of these compounds, to pharmaceutical compositions containing a pharmacologically active amount of at least one of these novel hydronopol derivatives as an active ingredient, as well as to the use of these pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of disorders in which ORL1 receptors are involved.

The ‘Opioid Receptor-Like 1’ (ORL1) receptor was identified from a human cDNA library. It was established that this ‘orphan receptor’ has a close homology with μ-, κ- and δ-opioid receptors (Mollereau et al., FEBS Lett., 341, 33-38, 1994; Bunzow et al., FEBS Lett., 347, 284-288, 1994). Despite its close sequential and structural resemblance with opioid receptors, classical opioid receptor ligands do not interact with ORL1 receptors. In 1995 a 17-amino acid neuropeptide was purified from brain extracts, and subsequently shown to be the natural ligand of the G protein-coupled ORL1 receptor (Reinscheid et al., Science, 270, 792-794, 1995; Meunier et al., Nature, 377, 532-535, 1995). This peptide was named orphanin FQ or nociceptin and it does not bind to the three traditional opioid receptors. These findings triggered substantial research into the functional role of, and novel ligands for, the ORL1 receptor. That resulted in several hundreds of publications, including several reviews (see e.g. Grond et al., Anaesthesist, 51, 996-1005, 2002), and dozens of patent applications, describing both peptide and non-peptide ligands, varying in potency and selectivity (ORL-1 versus μ-opiate). As μ-opiate receptors are widely distributed throughout the body, a lack of selectivity might lead to a range of undesired opiate-like side-effects e.g. sedation, respiratory depression, constipation, tolerance and dependence ( Drug News Perspect, 14, 335, 2001).

1,3,8-triazaspiro[4,5]decan-4-one derivatives are described in JP-A-2000/169476, published on Jun. 20, 2000; in WO 01/07050 A1, published on Feb. 1, 2001 and in US 2003/0109539 A1, published on Jun. 12, 2003. However, in none of the applications cited above μ-opiate receptors are mentioned. In EP 0 997 464 A1, published on May 3, 2000, 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4,5]decanone compounds as ORL-1 receptor agonists are said to possess selective affinity for ORL1-receptors, but actual information on μ-opiate receptor affinity was limited to the statement that: “particularly preferred compounds demonstrated higher affinity for ORL-1 receptors than for mu-receptors (i.e. IC 50 for ORL1-receptors/IC 50 for mu-receptors were less than 1.0”. More specific is US 2001/0041711, published on Nov. 15, 2001. This patent application describes triazospiro compounds having nociceptin receptor affinity. The compounds were also tested on μ-, κ-, and δ-opiate receptors but with a few exceptions only, found to be more potent on μ-opiate receptors than on ORL-1 receptors. The exceptions were ORL-1 selective by less than a factor 2. Thus the closest prior art does not teach how to design potent ORL-1 ligands with an unambiguous selectivity over μ-opiate receptors, that is a selectivity of at least a factor 10, let alone such compounds which also have a good bioavailability. Finally, hydroxy alkyl substituted 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4,5]decan-4-one derivatives useful for the treatment of ORL-1 receptor mediated disorders were published on Mar. 18, 2004 in WO 2004/022558, filed on Sep. 5, 2003.

Surprisingly, it has now been found that in a series of hydronopol derivatives, a group of compounds was shown to have a very high affinity for human ORL1 receptors. Moreover, these compounds show a good selectivity for ORL1 receptors relative to μ-opiate receptors, and are readily available after oral administration.

The invention relates to compounds of the general formula (1)

wherein:

R 1 represents hydrogen, halogen, CF 3 , alkyl(1-6C), cycloalkyl(3-6C), phenyl, amino alkyl(1-3C)amino, dialkyl(1-3C)amino, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl(1-3C), (1-3C)alkoxy, OCF 3 , carboxyl, aminocarbonyl or (1-3C)alkylsulphonyl, m is an integer from 1-4, with the proviso that when m is 2, 3 or 4, the R 1 substituents may be either the same or different, R 2 represents hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl(1-6C), cycloalkyl(3-6C), —CH 2 OH, —CH 2 OCH 3 , carboxyl, acetyl, optionally substituted benzyl or a group Q of the following structure (2):

wherein:

[ ] n symbolizes —(CH 2 ) n — wherein n is an integer from 0-7; R 3 represents hydrogen or alkyl(1-3C), R 4 represents hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl(1-6C), a saturated, unsaturated or partially saturated mono-, di- or tricyclic optionally substituted ring, or an alkyl(1-3C) group substituted with a saturated, unsaturated or partially saturated optionally substituted five or six-membered ring which optionally contains one or more heteroatoms, or (R 3 +R 4 ) together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, represent a saturated, unsaturated or partially saturated mono-, di- or tricyclic optionally substituted ring, and pharmacologically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof.

In the description of the substituents the abbreviation ‘C 1-3 -alkyl’ means ‘methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or isopropyl’. ‘Optionally substituted’ means that a group may or may not be further substituted by one or more groups selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, fluoro, chloro, bromo, hydroxyl, alkyloxy, alkenyloxy, aryloxy, acyloxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylamino, thio, alkylthio, arylthio, cyano, oxo, nitro, acyl, amido, alkylamido, dialkylamido, carboxyl, or two optional substituents may together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a 5- or 6-membered aromatic or non-aromatic ring containing 0, 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur. Within the context of the explanation of ‘optionally substituted’, ‘alkyl’ means C 1-3 -alkyl, ‘alkenyl’ means C 1-3 -alkenyl, ‘alkynyl’ means C 1-3 -alkynyl, ‘acyl’ means C 1-3 -acyl and ‘aryl’ means furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, 1,3,5-triazynyl, phenyl, indazolyi, indolyl, indolizinyl, isoindolyl, benzi[b]furanyl, benzo[b]thiophenyl, benz-imidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, purinyl, quinolynyl, isochinolyl, chinolyl, phtalazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, 1,8-naphthyridinyl, pteridinyl, naphthyl or azulenyl, preferably phenyl, pyridyl or naphthyl. Optional substituents may themselves bear additional optional substituents. Preferred optional substituents include C 1-3 alkyl such as for example methyl, ethyl, and trifluoromethyl, fluoro, chloro, bromo, hydroxyl, C 1-3 alkyloxy such as for example methoxy, ethoxy and trifluoromethoxy, and amino. ‘Heteroatom’ means an atom such as N, O or S. ‘Five- or six-membered rings’ are for example: furan, thiophene, pyrrole, oxazole, thiazole, imidazole, pyrazole, isoxazole, isothiazole, 1,2,3-oxadiazole, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine or pyrazine rings.

To the invention belong all compounds having formula (1), racemates, mixtures of diastereomers and the individual stereoisomers. Thus compounds in which the substituents on potentially asymmetrical carbon atoms are in either the R-configuration or the S-configuration belong to the invention.

Prodrugs are therapeutic agents which are inactive per se but are transformed into one or more active metabolites. Prodrugs are bioreversible derivatives of drug molecules used to overcome some barriers to the utility of the parent drug molecule. These barriers include, but are not limited to, solubility, permeability, stability, presystemic metabolism and targeting limitations (Medicinal Chemistry: Principles and Practice, 1994, ISBN 0-85186-494-5, Ed.: F. D. King, p. 215; J. Stella, “ Prodrugs as therapeutics”, Expert Opin. Ther. Patents, 14(3), 277-280, 2004; P. Ettrmayer et al., “ Lessons learned from marketed and investigational prodrugs ”, J. Med. Chem., 47, 2393-2404, 2004). Pro-drugs, i.e. compounds which when administered to humans by any known route, are metabolised to compounds having formula (1), belong to the invention. In particular this relates to compounds with primary or secondary amino or hydroxy groups. Such compounds can be reacted with organic acids to yield compounds having formula (1) wherein an additional group is present which is easily removed after administration, for instance, but not limited to amidine, enamine, a Mannich base, a hydroxyl-methylene derivative, an O-(acyloxymethylene carbamate) derivative, carbamate, ester, amide or enaminone.

The invention particularly relates to compounds having formula (1) wherein: R 1 represents hydrogen, halogen, CF 3 , alkyl(1-6C), hydroxy, (1-3C)alkoxy or OCF 3 , m=1, and all other symbols have the meanings as given above.

More particular, the invention relates to compounds having formula (1) wherein: R 1 represents hydrogen, halogen, CF 3 , alkyl(1-6C), hydroxy, (1-3C)alkoxy or OCF 3 , m=1, R 2 represents a group Q having general formula (2), and all other symbols have the meanings as given above.

Even more particular, the invention relates to compounds having formula (1) wherein: R 1 represents hydrogen, halogen, CF 3 , alkyl(1-6C), hydroxy, (1-3C)alkoxy or OCF 3 , m=1, R 2 represents a group Q having general formula (2), R 3 represents a methyl group, R 4 represents an alkyl(1-3C) group substituted with a saturated, optionally substituted six-membered ring which optionally contains one or more heteroatoms, and [ ] n has the meanings as given above.

The most preferred compounds of the invention are those having formula (1) wherein: R 1 represents hydrogen, halogen, CF 3 , alkyl(1-6C), hydroxy, (1-3C)alkoxy or OCF 3 , m=1, R 2 represents a group Q having general formula (2), R 3 represents a methyl group, R 4 represents a methylene group substituted with an optionally substituted piperidine ring, and [ ] n has the meanings as given above.

Pharmaceutically acceptable salts may be obtained using standard procedures well known in the art, for example by mixing a compound of the present invention with a suitable acid, for instance an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid, or with an organic acid.

The compounds of the invention of the general formula (1), as well as the salts thereof, have ORL1 agonistic activity. They are useful in the treatment of disorders in which ORL1 receptors are involved, or which can be treated via manipulation of those receptors especially, but not limited to, acute and chronic pain conditions, metabolic disorders like anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, obesity; gastro-intestinal disorders in particular irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), diarrhoea, constipation, visceral pain, urinary tract inflammation, renal disorders characterized by imbalances of water retention/excretion or salt excretion; cardiovascular disorders such as myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, hypertension, thrombosis, anaemia, arteriosclerosis, angina pectoris, opthalmological disorders like glaucoma; respiratory disorders including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchitis and cystic fibrosis; diseases of the immune system, and viral infections.

The in vitro and in vivo ORL1 receptor agonistic properties of the compounds of the invention were determined using the methods outlined below.

Affinity for Human ORL1 Receptors

Affinity of the compounds for human ORL1 receptors was determined using the in vitro receptor binding assay described by Ardati et al., Mol. Pharmacol., 51, 816, 1997. Briefly, membrane preparations were obtained from CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary)-cells in which the human ORL1 receptor was stably expressed. Membranes were incubated with [ 3 H]-nociceptin in the absence or presence of test-compounds in different concentrations, diluted in a suitable buffer. Non specific binding was defined as binding remaining in the presence of 10 −6 M nociceptin. Separation of bound radioactivity from free was done by filtration through Packard GF/B glass fiber filters with several washings with ice-cold buffer using a Packard cell harvester. Bound radioactivity was measured with a scintillation counter (Topcount, Packard) using a liquid scintillation cocktail (Microscint 0, Packard). Measured radioactivity was plotted against the concentration of the displacing test compound and displacement curves were calculated by four-parameter logistic regression, resulting in IC 50 values, i.e. that concentration of displacing compound by which 50% of the radioligand is displaced. Affinity pK 1 values were calculated by correcting the IC 50 values for radioligand concentration and its affinity for the human ORL1 receptor according to the Cheng-Prusoff equation:

pK 1 =−log ( IC 50 /(1 +S/K d ))

in which the IC 50 is as described above, S is the concentration [ 3 H]-nociceptin used in the assay expressed in mol/l (typically 0.2 nM), and K d is the equilibrium dissociation constant of [ 3 H]-nociceptin for human ORL1 receptors (0.4 nM).

The compounds of the invention have a high affinity for ORL1 receptors in the binding assay described above. This property makes them useful in the treatment of disorders in which ORL1 receptors are involved, or that can be treated via manipulation of these receptors.

Affinity for μ-Opiate Receptors

Affinity of the compounds for μ-opiate receptors was determined using the in vitro receptor binding assay described by Wang et al., FEBS Letters, 338, 217, 1994. Briefly, membrane preparations were obtained from CHO-cells in which the human μ-opiate receptor was stably expressed, and were incubated with the μ-opiate specific ligand [ 3 H]-DAMGO (D-Ala 2 , N-Me-Phe 4 , glycinol 5 -Enkephalin) in the absence or presence of test-compounds in different concentrations, diluted in a suitable buffer. Non specific binding was defined as binding remaining in the presence of 10 −6 M naloxone. Separation of bound radioactivity from free was done as described above, and the affinity of the compounds was calculated in a similar way.

The compounds of the invention have a low affinity for μ-opiate receptors in the binding assay described above. Thus they are unlikely to evoke the unwanted side effects known to occur with opiates like morphine.

In vitro ORL1 Receptor Agonism

Activation of the G protein-coupled ORL1 receptor inhibits adenylate cyclase activity and reduces the intracellular concentration of the second messenger cAMP. Using an assay as described by Jenck et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA, 97, 4938-4943, 2000, the activity of the compounds on ORL1 receptors was measured. They were demonstrated to be potent agonists with pEC 50 -values matching their pK 1 values.

Castor Oil Induced Diarrhoea in Conscious Mice

The compounds of the invention were shown to be able to reduce the castor oil induced diarrhea in mice, as was the peptide nociceptin after subcutaneous administration. Since a peripherally administered peptide does not penetrate the blood brain barrier, it is indicated that the ORL1 mediated reduction in diarrhea is peripherally mediated.

Animals used: male NMRI mice were used for this model in the model of castor oil-induced diarrhoea. In all experiments, a group consisted of 10 to 12 animals.

Experimental procedures: on the day of the experiment, the mice received either compound or vehicle (bi-weekly intervals). Castor oil (8 ml/kg body weight) was administered orally 30 min later and the animals were placed individually in cages with free access to water. The feces were collected after a period of 5 h. During this time the quality of the feces was determined every 20 min by visual inspection. This diarrhoea score ranged from 0=no output, 1=normal output, 2=slight diarrhoea, 3=moderate diarrhoea to 4=severe diarrhoea. Thus, this score reflects the onset and intensity of diarrhoea. In these experiments the mean diarrhoea score and the dry weight of the feces were determined.

Data analysis: the effects of the compounds are given as relative numbers (percent of control values). The original data registered in the experiments were compared to controls (without compound) in the same animals by paired two sided t-tests or to a control group by a non paired t-test. Values of p<0.05 were taken as statistically significant.

Colon Transit in Conscious Rats

The compounds of the invention were shown to not influence the normal colon transit in rats. This was also the case for the peptide Nociceptin after subcutaneous administration. Since a peripherally administered peptide does not penetrate the blood brain barrier, it is indicated that peripheral ORL1 receptor activation does not impair the normal gastrointestinal transit. In contrast peripheral μ-opiate receptor activation is able to strongly impair the transit in this model. Thus, this test shows the selectivity of the compounds of the invention for the ORL1 receptor.

Animals used: for the experiments male Sprague Dawley rats were used. In all experiments, a group consisted of 10 to 12 animals.

Experimental procedures: prior to the experiments the rats were equipped with a chronic titanium cecal fistula under general anesthesia. The animals were allowed to recover from surgery and were trained to a feeding regimen of free access to the chow during 3 h per day. On the day of the experiments after the feeding period, a marker substance (2 ml of a suspension containing 80% barium sulfate) was injected via the fistula into the caecum and the animals received either compound or vehicle. Subsequently they were placed in metabolic cages and fecal pellets were collected at hourly intervals for a 21 h period using an automated collection system. During this time the animals had free access to water. The barium sulfate content in the feces was analyzed radiographically and the feces were weighed. The function of the marker content in feces versus time and amount of feces enabled the analysis of the mean retention time of barium sulfate, i.e. the colon transit time. The mean retention time of the BaSO 4 containing pellets and the total fecal output were determined.

Data analysis: the effects of the compounds are given as relative numbers (percent of control values). The original data registered in the experiments were compared to controls (without compound) in the same animals by paired two sided t-tests. Values of p<0.05 were taken as statistically significant. In the colon transit model, the control data represent the mean of two control experiments (before and after compound, weekly intervals).

Acetic Acid Induced Visceral Hypersensitivity in Conscious Rats

The compounds of the invention were shown to be able to reduce the visceral hypersensitivity in rats, as was the peptide Nociceptin after subcutaneous administration. Since a peripherally administered peptide does not penetrate the blood brain barrier, it is indicated that the ORL1 mediated reduction in visceral hypersensitivity is peripherally mediated.

Animals used: adult female Sprague Dawley rats, body weight: in the range of 200-250 g. A group consists of 5 to 10 animals.

Experimental Procedure: animals were fasted for 24 hours prior to the experiments with free access to water. Acetic acid (0.6%, 1.5 ml) was injected into the colon (10 cm proximal to the anus). After 50 minutes a rubber balloon of 5 cm length (6-7 ml volume) was inserted rectally into the distal colon and secured by taping the attached tubing to the rat's tail. Colorectal distension was performed by setting the balloon pressure to 100 mbar for 10 minutes. During this time the number of abdominal constrictions were monitored by visual inspection. The experiments were continued only in animals which responded to the chlorectal distension with more than 10 abdominal constrictions. These animals received a single dose of substance or vehicle and colorectal distension protocol was repeated at 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after administration.

Data analysis: results are given as mean±SD. The number of abdominal constrictions at 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after administration of substance or vehicle as well as the mean values (30-120 min) was compared to prevalues by paired two sided t-tests. Relative numbers of abdominal constrictions (% of prevalues) at 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes and the relative mean values (30-120 min) were compared between substance and vehicle by unpaired two sided t-tests. Values of p<0.05 were taken as statistically significant.

In vivo ORL1 Receptor Agonism: Lack of CNS-penetration

Most of the compounds of the invention were shown to be devoid of activity in the Adult stress-induced ultrasonic vocalisation (AUV) procedure as described by Van der Poel et al., Psychopharmacology, 97, 147-148, 1989. This demonstrates that the compounds do not penetrate the blood-brain-barrier. The peptide nociceptin is also active in this assay, but in order to demonstrate its effect, it needs to be administered directly into the brain (by intracerebroventricular injection).

(−)-trans-2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethanol (5)

Myrtanyl Bromide (2)

Triphenyl phosphine (116 g, 0.44 mol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (1 l) and cooled in an ice bath under N 2 atmosphere. Bromine (22.5 ml, 0.44 mol) was added drop wise. The temperature of the exothermic reaction was maintained below 10° C. After complete addition the ice bath was removed and (−)-trans-myrtanol (1) (2,686 g, 0.44 mol) dissolved in acetonitrile (250 ml) was added slowly. After complete addition the light yellow solution was refluxed for 3 h using a Dean-Stark equipment. During the reaction, the solvent in the water trap was removed 20 times (ca. 200 ml of solvents in total). GC analysis revealed complete conversion of the starting material. The mixture was evaporated to dryness. The crude mixture was purified over silica column. (eluent: dichloromethane/diethyl ether 1/1, v/v). This resulted in 87.8 g of bromide 3 (91%) as light yellow oil.

Myrtanyl Cyanide (3)

Myrtanyl bromide (2) (87.8 g, 0.41 mol) was dissolved in dimethylformamide (1 l). Sodium cyanide (40 g, 0.81 mol) was added and the mixture was stirred at reflux for 5 h. GC analysis revealed complete conversion. The mixture was diluted with water (3 l) and extracted with tert.-butyl methyl ether (TBME, 3×1.5 l). The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 and concentrated to dryness. The crude mixture was purified over silica column (eluent: heptane/dichloromethane, 1/1, v/v) to give 52.4 g (80%) of cyanide (3) as colorless liquid.

Ethyl Ester (4)

Ethanol (500 ml) was cooled in an ice bath. Sulfuric acid (190 ml) was added drop wise. Cyanide (3) (52.4 g, 0.32 mol) dissolved in ethanol (100 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred at reflux overnight. GC analysis revealed complete addition. The mixture was cooled and water (1.5 l) was added. The mixture was extracted with TBME (3×1.5 l). The organic layer was washed with NaHCO 3 (sat. 1 l), dried over Na 2 SO 4 and concentrated. Yield: 54.2 g of ester 5 (80%) as near colorless liquid. Crude (4) was used in the next reaction without purification.

(−)-trans-2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethanol (5)

To a suspension of lithium aluminum hydride (20 g, 0.52 mol) in tetrahydrofuran (1 l) was added ester (4) (54.2 g, 0.26 mol) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (500 ml). After complete addition the mixture was refluxed for 1 h. GC analysis revealed complete conversion of starting material. The mixture was cooled in an ice bath and HCl (1M, 1 l) was added carefully. After complete addition, the mixture was diluted with water (1 l) and extracted with TBME (3×1.5 l). The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 and concentrated to dryness. The crude mixture was purified by Kugelrohr distillation (b.p. 85° C., 3.10 −2 mbar). Yield: 35.9 g of compound 1 (65%) as colorless oil.

(+)-trans-2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethanol (10)

Myrtanyl Mesylate (7)

18.1 g (0.12 mol) of (+)-trans-myrtanol (6) was added to a solution of 18.5 ml mesyl chloride (2 eq., 0.24 mol, 27.5 g) and 49 ml pyridine (5 eq., 0.60 mol, 47.5 g) in 400 ml DCM. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. Water was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h. The organic layer was extracted and the water layer was extracted two more times. The combined organic layers were washed (saturated NaHCO 3 , water, brine), dried (Na 2 SO 4 ) and evaporated in vacuo to give 25.9 g (91%) of mesylate (7) as a colourless oil.

Myrtanyl Cyanide (8)

Myrtanyl mesylate (7) (25.9 g, 0.11 mol) was dissolved in DMSO (250 ml). Potassium cyanide (4 eq, 29.2 g, 0.45 mol) was added and the mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 2 days. GC analysis revealed complete conversion. The mixture was diluted with water (750 ml) and extracted with TBME (3×300 ml). The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 and concentrated to dryness to give 17.7 g (quantitative yield) of cyanide (8) as a colourless oil.

Ethyl Ester (9)

Ethanol (200 ml) was cooled in an ice bath. Sulphuric acid (80 ml) was added dropwise. Cyanide (8) (17.7 g, 0.11 mol) dissolved in ethanol (40 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred at reflux overnight. GC analysis revealed complete addition. The mixture was cooled and water (1 l) was added. The mixture was extracted with TBME (3×500 ml). The organic layer was washed with NaHCO 3 (sat., 500 ml), dried over Na 2 SO 4 and concentrated. Yield: 20.4 g of ester (9) (88%) as a yellow oil. Crude (9) was used in the next reaction without purification.

(+)-trans-Dihydronopol (10)

To a suspension of lithium aluminium hydride (7.4 g, 0.19 mol) in tetrahydrofuran (350 ml) was added ester (9) (20.1 g, 0.09 mol) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (200 ml). After complete addition the mixture was refluxed for 2 h. The mixture was cooled in an ice bath and HCl (1M, 1 l) was added carefully. After complete addition, the mixture was diluted with water (300 ml) and extracted with TBME (3×500 ml). The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 and concentrated to dryness. The crude mixture was purified by Kugelrohr distillation (b.p. 85° C., 8.10 −2 mbar). Yield: 9.2 g of compound (10) (61%) as colourless oil.

(−)-cis-2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethanol (11)

The synthesis of the cis analog with (−)-β-pinene as starting material is described in J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 68, 638, 1946 and U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,427,343, 2,427,344 and 2,427,345.

(+)-cis-2-(6,6-dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1)hept-2-yl)-ethanol (18)

(+)-β-pinene (13)

In dried glassware, potassium t-butyl oxide (KOt-Bu, 49.4 g; 0.44 mol) was added to n-BuLi (176 ml; 2.5 M in hexane). The suspension was cooled to −78° C. The (+)-α-pinene (12) (50 g; 0.37 mol) was added drop wise. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and was stirred for 45 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to −78° C. and B(OMe) 3 (137 ml; 1.20 mol) was added drop wise. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature (exothermic!). 10% HCl (aqueous, 250 ml) was added drop wise and the reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h. The layers were separated and the water layer was extracted with heptane (2×200 ml). The combined organic layers were dried over Na 2 SO 4 and evaporated to dryness to give 36.7 g of yellow oil. The raw product was purified using Kugelrohr distillation (8-12 mbar; 50-60° C.) to give 36.6 g (0.27 mol, yield=73%, 88% pure) of (+)-β-pinene (13) as a colourless oil.

Myrtanol (14)

(+)-β-pinene (113) (36.6 g; 0.27 mol) was dissolved in THF (100 ml) and cooled down to 0° C. BH 3 .DMS in THF (2 M; 47.3 ml) was added drop wise. The reaction mixture was stirred for 0.5 h. Ethanol (90 ml) was added. 1 M NaOH (aq) (95 ml) was added. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. 33 ml 30% H 2 O 2 was added drop wise while the temperature was not allowed to rise above 35° C. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 1 h and poured into water (1 l). The solution was extracted with TBME. The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 and evaporated to dryness. Remaining α-pinene was distilled off using Kugelrohr distillation (8-12 mbar; 50-60° C.), giving 38.6 g (0.25 mol, yield=93%) of (+)-cis-myrtanol (14) as a colourless oil.

Myrtanyl Mesylate (15)

15.0 g (0.10 mol) of (+)-cis-myrtanol (14) was added to a solution of 15 ml mesyl chloride (2 eq., 0.20 mol) and 40 ml pyridine (5 eq., 0.50 mol) in 300 ml DCM. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. Water was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h. The organic layer was extracted and the water layer was extracted two more times. The combined organic layers were washed (saturated NaHCO 3 , water, brine), dried (Na 2 SO 4 ) and evaporated in vacuo to give 21.6 g (yield=93%) of mesylate (15) as a colourless oil.

Myrtanyl Cyanide (16)

Myrtanyl mesylate (15) (21.6 g, 0.093 mol) was dissolved in DMSO (230 ml). Potassium cyanide (4 eq, 24.2 g, 0.37 mol) was added and the mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 8 days. GC analysis revealed complete conversion. The mixture was diluted with water and extracted with heptane. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 and concentrated to dryness to give 15.8 g (quant.) of cyanide (16) as a colourless oil.

Ethyl Ester (17)

Ethanol (150 mL) was cooled in an ice bath. Sulphuric acid (60 ml) was added drop wise. Cyanide (16) (16 g) dissolved in ethanol (30 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred at reflux overnight. GC analysis revealed complete conversion. The mixture was cooled and water (1 l) was added. The mixture was extracted with TBME (3×500 ml). The organic layer was washed with saturated NaHCO 3 (aqueous, 500 ml), dried over Na 2 SO 4 and evaporated to dryness. Yield: 20.6 g of ester (17) (quant.) as a yellow oil. Crude (17) was used in the next reaction without purification.

(+)-cis-Dihydronopol (18)

To a suspension of lithium aluminium hydride (8.3 g, 0.22 mol) in tetrahydrofuran (400 ml) was added ester (17) (23.6 g, 0.11 mol) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (200 ml). After complete addition the mixture was refluxed for 2 h. The mixture was cooled in an ice bath and HCl (1 M, 1 l) was added carefully. After complete addition, the mixture was diluted with water (300 ml) and extracted with TBME (3×500 ml). The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 and concentrated to dryness, giving a yellow oil (13.4 g). The crude mixture was purified by Kugelrohr distillation (b.p. 85° C., 8×10 −2 mbar). Yield: 8.7 g (51 mmol; y=47%) of compound (18) as colourless oil.

1-Mesyl-2-(6,6-dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethanol (20) (for all stereo isomers of dihydronopol)

To a suspension of 67 g (0.4 mol) (−)-cis-2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethanol (19) in 300 ml CH 2 Cl 2 at 0° C. was added 139 ml (1 mol) of triethylamine. To this mixture 55.2 g (0.48 mol) of mesyl chloride in 100 ml dichloromethane was added drop wise. After 5 h at room temperature the reaction was completed and 300 ml 1N aqueous HCl solution was added. After separation the aqueous layer was washed with dichloromethane twice and the combined organic layers were washed with water, dried over magnesium sulphate and concentrated in vacuum yielding 91.6 g (0.37 mol 91%) of a crude orange oily product. This raw material was used for the next step without further purification.

8-[2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-3-(3-methylamino-propyl)-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one (24)

8-[2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one (22) [example nr. 1 in tables below]

The spiro compound (21) (310 g; 1.34 mol) and (di)hydroponol mesylate (20) (371 g; 1.51 mol) were dissolved in methyl ethyl ketone (MEK, 15 l). Potassium carbonate (735 g; 5.33 mol) and sodium iodide (226 g; 1.51 mol) were added and the mixture was refluxed overnight. After cooling the reaction mixture the solvent was evaporated. The residue was taken up in CH 2 Cl 2 (5 l) and shaken with water (4 l). The layers were separated, the organic layer dried on Na 2 SO 4 , and the solvent evaporated. The remaining solid was washed with Et 2 O (3 l) and filtered off. The filtrate was evaporated and washed with Et 2 O (300 ml). The solid was filtered off. (466.3 g; 1.22 mol; 91%).

3-(3-Chloro-propyl)-8-[2-(6,6-dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one (23)

THF (1500 ml) was cooled in an ice/water bath. The spiro compound (22) (150.8 g; 0.40 mol) and potassium tert-butoxide (49 g; 0.44 mol) were added and the resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes. The mixture became clear. 1-bromo-3-chloropropane (43 ml; 0.44 mol) in THF (150 ml) was added drop wise to the solution at 0° C. After complete addition the cooling was removed and the solution was stirred at 50° C. for 4 hours. After cooling the mixture was poured into saturated KHSO 4 (aqueous, 1000 ml) and diluted with EtOAc (500 ml). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer extracted with EtOAc (3×750 ml). The combined organic layers were washed with water and brine (1×500 ml each). After drying on Na 2 SO 4 the solvent was evaporated to yield a yellow oil (205.6 g; 0.45 mol; quantitative yield).

8-[2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-3-(3-methylamino-propyl)-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one (24) [example nr. 13 in tables below]

The crude spiro compound (23) (162.8 g; 0.36 mol) was dissolved in methylamine/EtOH solution (Fluka, 8M; 1154 ml; 9.23 mol). Sodium iodide (2.16 g; 0.014 mol) was added and the solution was stirred at 70° C. under N 2 -atmosphere for 3 days. After cooling the reaction mixture was diluted with water and EtOAc (500 ml each). The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×800 ml). The organic layer was washed with brine (500 ml). After drying on Na 2 SO 4 the solvent was evaporated to yield a yellow oil. This oil was purified by column chromatography (SiO 2 ; CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH 90:10; containing 1% 7N NH 3 /MeOH) to yield 30 g of (24) with a purity of 93% (according to HPLC/MS) and 85 g of (24) with a purity of 96% (115 g; 0.25 mol; 70%).

Variation of the substitution pattern of the phenyl ring in the spiro core 8-[2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one (22)

1-[2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-piperidin-4-one (26):

A mixture of 61.1 g (0.40 mol) of piperidone hydrate hydrochloride (25), 112.8 g (0.46 mol) of dihydronopol mesylate (20), 69.0 g (0.46 mol) of NaI, 273 g (1.97 mol) of K 2 CO 3 and 4.3 l of MEK was refluxed overnight. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in dichloromethane (1.5 l) and water (1.5 l) and the layers were separated. The organic layer was washed with water (1 l) and dried over Na 2 SO 4 . The layer was concentrated in vacuo to give 113 g of crude product, which was purified by column chromatography (SiO 2 , heptane:EtOAc, 6:1→1:1) to yield 77.7 g (0.31 mol, 78%) of compound (26) as an orange oil.

1-[2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-4-(3-fluoro-phenylamino)-piperidine-4-carbonitrile (28a)

A solution of 20.0 g (80.2 mmol) of (26) and 8.4 ml (87 mmol) of 3-fluoroaniline (27a) in 65 ml of acetic acid was cooled with a cold water bath. 10.7 ml (80.2 mmol) of trimethylsilylcyanide were added dropwise over a period of 10 min. maintaining the temperature below 40° C. The mixture was stirred for 2 h at room temperature and poured into a mixture of aqueous ammonia (80 ml) and ice (80 g). The pH was adjusted to 10 with concentrated NH 3 . The mixture was extracted with chloroform (3×200 ml). The combined organic layers were dried over Na 2 SO 4 and concentrated in vacuo to give 40.0 g of crude product, which was purified by column chromatography (SiO 2 , heptane:EtOAc, 1:1) to give 28.7 g (77.7 mmol, 97%) of (28a). It is also possible to use crude product in the next step without purification.

1-[2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-4-(3-fluoro-phenylamino)-piperidine-4-carboxylic Acid Amide (29a)

A mixture of 28.7 g (78 mmol) (28a), 135 ml of formic acid and 135 ml of acetic anhydride was stirred at room temperature for 1 day. The reaction was monitored by 1 H-NMR and MS. After completed reaction the reaction mixture was poured into ice-water (800 ml). The pH was adjusted to 10 by the addition of 33% NaOH (aq). The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (3×1 l). The combined organic layers were dried over Na 2 SO 4 and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in 550 ml tert.-butylalcohol, 45 ml water and 45 ml concentrated aqueous ammonia. The 90 ml of 35% hydrogen peroxide were added drop wise at room temperature. The mixture was stirred overnight. The reaction was monitored by TLC. 900 ml of water were added and the mixture was extracted with DCM (3×500 ml). The combined organic layers were dried over Na 2 SO 4 and concentrated in vacuo to give 29.3 g (76 mmol, 98%) of (29a) as a yellow solid, which was used in the next step without purification.

8-[2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-1-(3-fluoro-phenyl)-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one (30a): [Example Nr. 9 in Tables Below]

A solution of 29.3 g (76 mmol) of (29a) in 400 ml formamide was heated for 2 h at 200° C. The solution turned from yellow to black. The reaction was monitored by 1 H-NMR. After completed reaction the mixture was cooled to room temperature and poured into ice-water (800 g). The mixture was extracted with DCM (6×1 l). The combined organic layers were dried over Na 2 SO 4 and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in 1.2 l of methanol and 4.3 g (114 mmol) of sodiumborohydride were added portion wise. The mixture was stirred for 1 h at room temperature and another hour at 60° C. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and quenched with 25 ml of water. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in 750 ml of ammonia and extracted with DCM (7×1.5 l). The combined organic layers were dried over Na 2 SO 4 and concentrated in vacuo to give 24.8 g of crude product, which was purified by column chromatography (SiO 2 , heptane:EtOAc, 1:1→1:3). Trituration with Et 2 O of the eluated product yielded 3.44 g (8.6 mmol, 11.3% from compound (26)) of compound (30a) as a white solid.

8-[2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-1-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one (30b): [example nr. 8 in tables below]

The sequence was repeated starting from 68.0 g (0.27 mol) of (26); Compound (30b) was purified by column chromatography and trituration with diethylether to yield 13.9 g (34 mmol, 12% yield from (26)) as an off-white solid.

8-[2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-1-(3-chloro-phenyl)-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one (30c): [example nr. 7 in tables below]

The sequence was repeated starting from 67.4 g (0.27 mol) of (26); Compound (30c) was purified by column chromatography and trituration with diethylether to yield 7.42 g (17.8 mmol, 6.6% yield from (26)) as an off-white solid.

8-[2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-1-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one (30d): [example nr. 10 in tables below]

For compound (30d) the same sequence was performed, but instead of the desired product, compound (29d) was isolated. Therefore the sequence was partially repeated. The compound was formylated with formic acid and acetic anhydride, heated in formamide and finally reduced with sodiumborohydride. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (SiO 2 , EtOAc) and subsequently trituration with diethylether to yield 7.39 g (6.6% overall yield from (26)) as a white solid.

8-[2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-1-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one (30e): [example nr. 5 in tables below]

The sequence was repeated starting from 45.0 g (0.18 mol) of (26); Compound (30e) was purified by column chromatography and trituration with diethylether to yield 9.82 g (24.5 mmol, 13.6% yield from (26)) as a grey solid.

8-[2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-1-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one (30f): [example nr. 6 in tables below]

The sequence was repeated starting from 45.0 g (0.18 mol) of (26); Compound (30f) was purified by column chromatography and trituration with diethylether to yield 8.94 g (21.7 mmol, 12.1% yield from (26)) as a white solid.

1-Oxa-6-aza-spiro[2,5]octane-6-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (32)

To a solution of 44.9 g (0.225 mol) of 4-oxo-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (31) in 500 ml acetonitrile was added successively 59.5 g (0.27 mol) trimethyl sulphoxonium iodide and 18.9 g (0.338 mol) fine crushed potassium hydroxide. The reaction mixture was vigorously stirred for two days under a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature. After complete conversion the solvent was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was taken up in dichloromethane. The organic layer was washed with aqueous citric acid solution (6×), dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated in vacuo. This crude product was used without further purification for the next step (43.5 g, 0.204 mol, 90.6% yield).

4-{[(3-{8-[2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo(3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-4-oxo-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]dec-3-yl} propyl)-methyl-amino]-methyl}-4-hydroxy-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (33): [example nr. 35 in tables below]

2.6 g (5.74 mmol) of compound (24) was placed in a flask and diluted with 20 ml ethanol. To this solution was added 1.88 g (8.81 mmol) of the epoxide (32) and the mixture was heated to reflux until TLC showed complete conversion. For work-up the solvent was evaporated and the residue was taken up with ethyl acetate. After washing with aqueous potassium carbonate solution drying over sodium sulphate and concentration in vacuo the raw material was purified via flash column chromatography yielding a light yellow viscous oil (3.51 g, 5.15 mmol, 89.8% yield).

8-[2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-3-{3-[(4-hydroxy-piperidin-4-ylmethyl)-methyl-amino]-propyl}-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one (34): [example nr. 37 in tables below]

The Boc-derivative (33) (2.79 g, 4.19 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofurane (25 ml). To this solution was added 2 ml of concentrated aqueous HCl solution and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature over night. After TLC analysis indicated complete conversion the solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the resulting residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate. Washing with potassium carbonate solution, drying of the organic layer with sodium sulphate and concentration in vacuo provided the pure title compound as a light yellow viscous oil (2.37 g, 3.8 mmol, 90.7% yield).

4-[(Benzyl-methyl-amino)-methyl]-4-hydroxy-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (35)

Epoxide (32) (46 g, 216 mmol) was dissolved in dioxane (300 ml). Benzyl methylamine (75 ml, 583 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at reflux for 90 h. TLC analysis revealed complete conversion. The mixture was evaporated to dryness. The excess of benzyl methylamine was removed by evaporation in vacuo (0.05 mbar, 80° C.). Yield: 69.3 g of aminoalcohol (35) (96%) as an orange oil.

4-[(Benzyl-methyl-amino)-methyl]-4-methoxy-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (36)

Alcohol (35)-(69.3 g, 200 mmol) was dissolved in dimethyl formamide (500 ml). NaH (9.2 g 230 mmol), washed with pentane, was added in 5 portions over 30 min. After complete addition the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 45 min. Methyl iodide (14.8 ml, 240 mmol) was added over 1.5 min. The mixture was stirred for 1.5 h at ambient temperature. TLC analysis revealed ca. 80-90% conversion. Extra NaH, 0.8 g, 20 mmol) and methyl iodide (1.2 ml, 20 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for another 2 h at ambient temperature. The excess of NaH was destroyed with water (100 ml) and the mixture was further diluted with water (3.5 l). The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×1 l, 500 ml). The organic layer was washed with brine (1 l), dried over Na 2 SO 4 and concentrated to dryness. The traces of dimethyl formamide were removed by evaporation in vacuo (0.4 mbar, 80° C.). The remaining mixture was purified over silica (eluent: heptane/ethyl acetate, 4/1 to 3/1 v/v). Yield: 55.2 g of amine (36) (80%) as light yellow oil.

4-Methoxy-4-methylaminomethyl-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (37)

Amine (36) (55 g, 158 mmol) was dissolved in ethyl acetate (500 ml). Pd—C (10%, wet, 5 g) was added and the mixture was stirred for 23 h under hydrogen atmosphere (1 bar). TLC analysis revealed incomplete conversion. Extra Pd—C (2.5 g) was added and the mixture was stirred under H 2 (1 bar) for 110 h. NMR analysis revealed complete conversion. The mixture was filtrated over Celite, the Celite crop was washed with ethyl acetate and the filtrate was evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by distillation (bulb to bulb, 0.04 mbar, 130° C.) giving 35 g of compound (37) (86%) as colorless oil.

The synthesis of 8-[2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-3-{3-[(4-methoxy-piperidin-4-ylmethyl)-methyl-amino]-propyl}-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one 39 [example nr. 45 in tables below] starting with chlorine. (23) and amine (36) was performed like described below (general methods).

Library Design with 8-[2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-3-(2-methylamino-ethyl)-1-phenyl 1,3,8-triaza spiro[4.5]decan-4-one as starting material

Amide Library, Method I:

The N-methyl amine (40) (1.832 g, 4.24 mmol) was dissolved in 170 ml dichloro-methane. This core solution was used to produce amides with various acid chloride solutions in the following manner: 2 ml of the core solution (0.05 mmol of (40)) was treated with polymer bound morpholine (0.162 mmol). After stirring for 20 min. at room temperature a solution of the corresponding acid chloride (0.06 mmol) in 2 ml dichloromethane was added and stirring was continued for 1 day at room temperature. The reaction was monitored by TLC analysis. To get rid of remaining acid chloride and N-methyl amine derivative polymer bound trisamine and isocyanate reagents (both are used as scavengers) were added, respectively. Again stirring was continued at room temperature over night before the polymers were removed by filtration. The filtrates were concentrated under reduced pressure. Using this protocol 69 compounds have been synthesized. The affinity of each synthesized amide to the human ORL1 receptor was measured in the in vitro binding assay.

Amide Library, Method II:

To 200 μl of the stock solutions of the cores (0.25M in THF) was added 200 μl of the stock solutions of the acid chlorides (0.25M in THF), followed by 50 μl of the triethylamine solution (1.0M in THF). After shaking overnight (17 hrs) at 30° C. the solvent was evaporated and the crude products were taken up in DMSO for analysis. (Remark: insoluble reagents were added by hand). Using this protocol 26 compounds have been synthesized. The affinity of each synthesized amide to the human ORL1 receptor was measured in the in vitro receptor binding assay.

Epoxide Opening Library:

The N-methyl amine (40) (1.316 g, 3.0 mmol) was dissolved in 120 ml isopropyl alcohol. This core solution was used to produce amino alcohols with various epoxide solutions in the following manner: to 2 ml of the core solution (0.05 mmol of (40)) was added a solution of the corresponding epoxide (0.075 mmol) in 2 ml isopropyl alcohol. This mixture was heated to 80° C. for 2 days. TLC analysis was used to monitor the reactions. For work-up polymer bound trisamine and isocyanate reagents (both are used as scavengers) were added, respectively. Again stirring was continued at room temperature for two days before the polymers were removed by simple filtration. The filtrates were concentrated under reduced pressure. Using this protocol 27 compounds have been synthesized. The affinity of each synthesized amide to the human ORL1 receptor was measured in the in vitro receptor binding assay.

Urea Library:

To 200 μl of the stock solutions of the cores (0.25M in THF) was added 200 μl of the stock solutions of the isocyanides (0.25M) in THF. The vials were capped and after shaking overnight (17 hrs) at 30° C. the solvent was evaporated and the crude products were taken up in DMSO for analysis. Using this protocol 71 compounds have been synthesized.

Sulfonamide Library:

Stock solutions prepared of the cores (0.25M) in THF and of the sulfonylchlorides (0.25M) in THF. To 200 μl of the core solution was added 200 μl of the sulfonylchlorides, followed by 50 μl of a 1.0M DIPEA solution in THF. Vials were capped and heated at 30° C. for 16 hours. Products were purified by means of cat-ion exchange Solid Phase Extraction. Solvent was evaporated and the crude products were taken up in DMSO for analysis. Using this protocol 69 compounds have been synthesized.

Alkylation Library:

Stock solutions were prepared of the cores (0.25M) in DMF and of the halides (0.25M) in DMF. To 200 μl core solution was added 200 μl of the halide solution including 1 equivalent of KI, followed by 50 μl of a diisopropylethylamine solution (1.0 M). Vials were capped and heated for 17 hours. Specific modifications: alpha-halo ketones at 30° C.; the others at 60° C. Products were purified by means of cat-ion exchange Solid Phase Extraction. The solvent was evaporated and the crude products were taken up in DMSO for analysis. Using this protocol 61 compounds have been synthesized.

Carbamate Library:

To a solution of cores (200 μL, 0.25M) in tetrahydrofuran was added a solution of diisopropylethylamine (50 μL, 2M) in THF followed by a stock solution of chloroformate (200 μL, 0.25M) in THF. The vials were capped and shaken for 24 h at 30 degrees. Products were purified by means of cat-ion exchange Solid Phase Extraction. The solvent was evaporated and the crude products were taken up in DMSO for analysis. Using this protocol 21 compounds have been synthesized.

Tert.-Urea Library:

Procedure:

This procedure was followed for the reaction of the carbamoylchloride and 2×75 secondary amines. All vials and flasks have to been dried at 100° C. under vacuum. All the solvents have to been dried (mol sieves for CH 2 Cl 2 and K 2 CO 3 for CH 3 CN).

9.2 mmol of the core was dissolved in 92 ml of CH 2 Cl 2 (mol. sieve 4 Å)=0.1 M solution. To this solution was added 5.68 ml of DIPEA (3.5 eq.). The mixture was cooled to 0° C. (ice-bath) and a solution of 2.728 g (4.6 mmol) of triphosgene in 36.8 ml of CH 2 Cl 2 was added at once. The ice-bath was removed and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. The reaction was monitored by TLC and LC-MS. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure for 1 hr at 40° C. and 20 mbar. The crude product was dissolved in 36.8 ml of CH 3 CN (dried on K 2 CO 3 ) and 1.92 ml of DIPEA was added, obtaining a 0.25M solution of carbamoylchloride (B).

To 200 μl (0.25M) of secondary amines in CH 3 CN was added 200 μl (0.25M) carbamoylchloride (B) in CH 3 CN, followed by 1 equivalent of siisopropylamine. The vials were capped and shaken for 17 hours at 30° C. Reaction mixtures were concentrated, dissolved in EtOAc and washed with 5% NaHCO 3 -solution. The solvent was evaporated and the crude products were taken up in DMSO for analysis. Using this protocol 49 compounds have been synthesized.

Syntheses of Individual Compounds

Synthons Used for the Preparation of the Described Examples:

Alkylation Reactions with Compounds (24)/(40): General Procedure:

The methyl amine compound was dissolved in THF and 1.1 equivalent of diisopropyl ethyl amine was added. To this mixture was added the appropriate alkylation reagent (1 equivalent) and the solution was heated to reflux and was monitored by TLC. After complete conversion the solution was concentrated and the residue was taken up with aqueous sodium carbonate solution. The aqueous layer was extracted several times with dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulphate, concentrated and the raw product was further purified via column chromatography (SiO 2 , ethyl acetate or CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH as eluents).

3-{3-[(2,4-Difluoro-benzyl)-methyl-amino]-propyl}-8-[2-(6,6-dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one yield: 52% [example nr. 23 in tables below] 8-[2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-3-[3-(methyl-pyridin-4-ylmethyl-amino)-propyl]-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one yield: 32% [example nr. 25 in tables below] 8-[2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-3-[3-(methyl-pyridin-3-ylmethyl-amino)-propyl]-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one, yield: 15% [example nr. 26 in tables below]

Variation:

8-[2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-3-[3-(methyl-pyridin-2-yl-amino)-propyl]-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one

1.7 g of the methyl amine compound 24 was dissolved in 4 ml of 2-Fluoropyridin and refluxed at 150° C. After complete conversion the reaction mixture was poured into water and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate for several times. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulphate, concentrated in vacuo and purified via column chromatography (SIO 2 ; ethyl acetate). yield: 60% [example nr. 83 in tables below].

Epoxide Opening Reactions with Compound (24)/(40):

General Procedure:

The methylamine compound was dissolved in EtOH/H 2 O (v/v=10/1, 2 mmol/ml). After addition of the epoxide (1.5 eq) the mixture was heated to reflux and the reaction was monitored by TLC. After complete conversion the solution was concentrated and the residue was taken up with aqueous potassium carbonate solution. The aqueous layer was extracted several times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulphate, concentrated and the raw product was further purified via column chromatography (SiO 2 , CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH as eluents).

3-{3-[(2,3-Dihydroxy-propyl)-methyl-amino]-propyl}-8-[2-(6,6-dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one yield: 31% [example nr. 92 in tables below] 3-{2-[(2,3-Dihydroxy-propyl)-methyl-amino]-ethyl}-8-[2-(6,6-dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one yield: 46% [example nr. 178 in tables below] 8-[2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-3-{3-[(2-hydroxy-cyclohexyl)-methyl-amino]-propyl}-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one [example nr. 29 in tables below] yield: 80% (remark: potassium carbonate as additional base (2.5 eq) was used in the synthesis) 8-[2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-3-{3-[(2-hydroxy-3-morpholin-4-yl-propyl)-methyl-amino]-propyl}-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one [example nr. 93 in tables below] yield: 65%

Substitution Reactions with Compound (23):

Generally, substitutions were performed in an aprotic polar solvent (e.g. acetonitrile, dimethylsulphoxide or N-dimethyl formamide) in the following manner:

The starting material was dissolved in the appropriate solvent. 0.1 eq of sodium iodine and 2 eq of a base (e.g. potassium carbonate or diisopropyl ethyl amine) were placed into the reaction flask before the corresponding amine (2 to 4 eq) was added to this solution. The reaction mixture was heated and monitored by TLC analysis. After standard aqueous work-up procedures the residues were further purified via column chromatography (SiO 2 , CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH as eluents).

Preparation of Optically Pure Starting Materials According to Literature procedures [ J. Prakt. Chem. 329, 235 (1987)]

2-Methylamino-cyclohexanol

Cyclohexene oxide (147 g, 1.5 mol) was dissolved in a ethanolic 8 M methylamine solution (750 ml) and stirred at 40° C. for 16 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give racemic 2-methylaminocyclohexanol as a slightly brown oil (195 g, 100%). According to GC-analysis this product was 99+% pure and used without further purification.

(1R,2R)-2-methylamino-cyclohexanol (R)-mandelic Acid Salt and (1S, 2S)-2-methylamino cyclohexanol (S)-mandelic Acid

Racemic 2-methylamino-cyclohexanol (195 g, max 1.5 mol) and (R)-(−)-mandelic acid (228 g, 1.5 mol) were added to 2-propanol (1.2 l) and heated to reflux temperature. The solution was allowed to cool slowly to room temperature and was stirred overnight. The formed precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with 2-butanone and dried on air giving a white solid (160 g, enantiomeric excess (e.e.)=92%). The motherliquor was concentrated giving a brown oil (275 g) which solidified on standing. The white solid was heated for 10 min at reflux temperature in 2-butanone (1.7 l). The mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature under stirring and stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The precipitate was collected by filtration and dried on air giving (1R,2R)-2-methylamino cyclohexanol (R)-mandelic acid salt (151.5 g, 538 mmol, 36%) as a white solid with an e.e. of 99%.

The first motherliquor (275 g, 0.98 mol) was added to a solution of NaOH (200 g, 5 mol) in water (800 ml) and brine (800 ml). Dichloromethane (400 ml) was added and the layers were separated after stirring for 15 min. The aqueous layer was again extracted with dichloromethane (3×400 ml). The combined dichloromethane layers were dried (Na 2 SO 4 ) and concentrated to give a brown oil (118.5 g, 93.5% yield). This oil was Kugelrohr distilled (p=0.3 mbar, T=70-80° C.) to give (1S, 2S)-2-methylamino cyclohexanol (105 g, 813 mmol, 83% yield) with an e.e. of 66%. This enriched material was dissolved in 2-propanol (700 mL). (S)-(+)-mandelic acid (124 g, 815 mmol) was added and the mixture was heated to reflux temperature. The resulting solution was allowed to cool slowly to room temperature and stirred for 16 h at that temperature. The formed precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with 2-butanone and dried in air to give a white solid (172 g). This first salt was heated to reflux for 15 min in 2-butanone (2.0 l). The mixture (no clear solution was formed) was allowed to cool slowly to room temperature and stirred 16 h. The precipitate was collected by filtration and dried to give (1S, 2S)-2-methylamino cyclohexanol (S)-mandelic acid salt (160 g, 569 mmol, 38%) as a white solid with an e.e.>99%.

(1R,2R)-(−)-2-Methylamino-cyclohexanol [For configuration/rotation relationship see J. Prakt. Chem. 329, 235 (1987), and Tetrahedron Asymm., 10, 4619 (1999)]

NaOH (108 g, 2.69 mol) was dissolved in water (350 ml). Brine (400 ml) was added and cooled to room temperature. Dichloromethane (300 ml) and (1R, 2R)-2-methylamino cyclohexanol (R)-mandelic acid salt (151.5 g, 538 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred vigorously for 10 min. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was again extracted with dichloromethane (3×200 ml). (separation of the layers is a time consuming process). The combined dichloromethane layers were dried (Na 2 SO 4 ) and concentrated to give an oil (67.7 g, 97% yield). This oil was combined with two other batches of 2.3 g and 6.4 g (both with e.e.=99+%) and purified by Kugelrohr distillation (p=0.5 mbar, T=80-90° C.) giving a colorless oil (72.0 g, 92%) with 94% purity according to GC. This oil was again Kugelrohr distilled (p=0.3 mbar) giving two product containing fractions:

Fraction 1; T=40-60° C. 11.6 g with 89% purity according to GC, Fraction 2; T=60-65° C.: 60.1 g G10302-1 as a colorless oil with 99% purity and an e.e. of 99.5%. [α] 670 =−51.5 (c=0.14, methanol).

(1S,2S)-(+)-2-Methylamino-cyclohexanol [For configuration/rotation relationship see J. Prakt. Chem. 329, 235 (1987), and Tetrahedron Asymm., 10, 4619 (1999)]

NaOH (108 g, 2.69 mol) was dissolved in water (400 ml). Brine (400 ml) was added and cooled to room temperature. Chloroform (300 ml) and (1S, 2S)-2-methylamino cyclohexanol (S)-mandelic acid salt (160 g, 569 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred vigorously for 5 min. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was again extracted with chloroform (3×350 ml). The combined chloroform layers were dried (Na 2 SO 4 ) and concentrated to give an oil (68 g, 93% yield). This oil was purified by Kugelrohr distillation (p=0.1 mbar) giving two product containing fractions:

Fraction 1; T=40-55° C. 17.5 g as a colorless oil with 99% purity according to GC, Fraction 2; T=55-60° C.: 48.8 g as a colorless oil with 99.9% purity according to GC.

Both fractions were combined giving 66.2 g (512 mmol, 90%) as a colorless oil with an e.e. of 99.9% [α]670=+53.6 (c=0.14, methanol).

8-[2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-3-{3R-[(2R-hydroxy-cyclohexyl)-methyl-amino]-propyl}-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one [example nr. 30 in tables below]

2.5 g of the bicyclic chloro-compound (23) was dissolved in 5 ml of acetonitrile. To this solution was successively added 1.5 g (2 eq) of potassium carbonate, 90 mg (0.1 eq) sodium iodine, 780 mg of 1R,2R)-(−)-2-Methylamino-cyclohexanol and finally 3 drops of H 2 O. This mixture was heated to reflux for 8 hours. For work up the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed first with aqueous citric acid and afterwards with aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulphate, concentrated and the residue was further purified via column chromatography (SiO 2 , CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH as eluent) yielding 1.75 g (58%) of a light yellow oil.

8-[2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-3-{3S-[(2S-hydroxy-cyclohexyl)-methyl-amino]-propyl}-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one [example nr. 31 in tables below]

The compound was prepared according to the protocol given above for the stereoisomer. Yield: 48% as a light yellow oil.

Boronic-acid-Mannich-reactions:

The following experimental protocol was used to synthesize several compounds in the same manner starting with compound (40) and compound (24), respectively.

8-[2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-3-{3-[(1-furan-2-yl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxy-pentyl)-methyl-amino]-propyl}-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one [example nr. 52 in tables below]

A solution of the amine (24) (2.66 g, 5.876 mmol) and 2-furanyl boronic acid (920 mg, 8.22 mmol) in 30 ml EtOH and 0.5 ml H 2 O is heated to 40° C. under vigorous stirring. To this solution was added 1.06 g, (7.05 mmol) of D-(+)-xylose in small portions within 15 min at 40° C.

After 2.5 hours the reaction mixture was poured into aqueous NaHCO 3 solution and the aqueous layer was extracted 3 times with dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were concentrated and taken up in ethyl acetate. This organic layer was washed with aqueous citric acid (10%) several times. The combined aqueous layers were then neutralized with aqueous NaHCO 3 solution and the neutral aqueous layer was extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 . The combined organic extracts were dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated in vacuo to provide a crude yellow oil which was purified by column chromatography (SiO 2 , ethyl acetate/methanol: 20/1 to 10/1). The purification yielded the title compound as an amorphous white solid (1.40 g, 2.14 mmol, 37%).

Alternative work-up procedure: After complete conversion (TLC) the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, 1 ml of trifluoroacetic acid was added and the remaining solution was stirred for 10 min at room temperature. Concentration in vacuo was followed by further purification of the raw product via column chromatography.

Using the same procedure as described above, the following examples were synthesized:

8-[2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-3-{3-[methyl-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxy-1-thiophen-2-yl-pentyl)-amino]-propyl}-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one [example nr. 59 in tables below] yield: 80% (D-xylose and 2-thiophenyl boronic acid as starting materials) 8-[2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-3-{2-[methyl-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxy-1-thiophen-2-yl-pentyl)-amino]-ethyl}-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one [example nr. 58 in tables below] yield: 13% (D-xylose and 2-thiophenyl boronic acid as starting materials) 8-[2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-3-{2-[(1-furan-2-yl-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxy-hexyl)-methyl-amino]-ethyl}-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one [example nr. 55 in tables below] yield: 75% (D-glucose and 2-furanyl boronic acid as starting materials) 8-[2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-3-{2-[(1-furan-2-yl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxy-pentyl)-methyl-amino]-ethyl}-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one [example nr. 53 in tables below] yield: 42% (D-xylose and 2-furanyl boronic acid as starting materials) 8-[2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-3-{2-[(1-furan-2-yl-2, 3, 4, 5-tetrahydroxy-pentyl)-methyl-amino]-ethyl}-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one [example nr. 52 in tables below] yield: 60% (L-xylose and 2-furanyl boronic acid as starting materials) 8-[2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-3-{2-[(1-furan-2-yl-2,3-dihydroxy-propyl)-methyl-amino]-ethyl}-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one [example nr. 49 in tables below] yield: 66% (D,L-glycerin aldehyde and 2-furanyl boronic acid as starting materials) 3-{2-[(2,3-Dihydroxy-1-thiophen-3-yl-propyl)-methyl-amino]-ethyl}-8-[2-(6,6-dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one [example nr. 47 in tables below] yield: 39% (D,L-glycerin aldehyde and 3-thiophenyl boronic acid as starting materials) 8-[2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-3-{2-[methyl-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxy-1-thiophen-3-yl-pentyl)-amino]-ethyl}-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one [example nr. 48 in tables below] yield: 28% (L-arabinose and 3-thiophenyl boronic acid as starting materials) 8-[2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-3-{2-[methyl-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxy-1-thiophen-3-yl-pentyl)-amino]-ethyl}-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one [example nr. 55 in tables below] yield: 21% (L-xylose and 3-thiophenyl boronic acid as starting materials) 8-[2-(6,6-Dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-yl)-ethyl]-3-{2-[methyl-(2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxy-1-thiophen-3-yl-hexyl)-amino]-ethyl}-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one [example nr. 54 in tables below] yield: 16% (D-glucose and 3-thiophenyl boronic acid as starting materials)

The invention is further illustrated by means of the following specific examples (only intended to further illustrate the invention in more detail, and therefore are not deemed to restrict the scope of the invention in any way) listed in the table below and represented by the general formulae (1), (2) and (3):

Where in the table below under the heading “stereochemistry” the name of a compound is given (e.g. (−)-cis-hydronopol or D-xylose), that means that the compound in question was used in the final reaction step.

Analytical data of the examples given in the table above, are given in the table below. Details of the analytical methods listed in this table, viz. “BASIS”, “STANDARD”, “CURVE 4”, “AMAP 2” and “AMAP 3” are explained below.

Ex Mol Formula Mol Wgt Melting pt. (MH + ) Ret. Time Method 1 C 24 H 35 N 3 O 381.560 — 382 7.630 BASIS 2 C 24 H 35 N 3 O 381.560 187–189° C. — 3 C 24 H 35 N 3 O 381.560 180.9° C. — — — 4 C 24 H 35 N 3 O 381.560 187.9° C. — — — 5 C 24 H 34 F N 3 O 399.551 189–191° C. — — — 6 C 25 H 37 N 3 O 2 411.586 156–157° C. — — — 7 C 24 H 34 Cl 1 N 3 O 416.006 144–145° C. — — — 8 C 25 H 37 N 3 O 2 411.586 152–153° C. — — — 9 C 24 H 34 F N 3 O 399.551 198–199° C. — — — 10 C 25 H 34 F 3 N 3 O 449.558 174–176° C. — — — 11 C28 H43 N3 O3 469.666 — 470 3.990 CURVE 4 12 C27 H42 N4 O 438.656 439 6.500 BASIS 13 C28 H44 N4 O 452.683 453 3.340 CURVE 4 14 C29 H46 N4 O 466.709 467 6.870 BASIS 15 C30 H48 N4 O 480.736 481 7.030 BASIS 16 C31 H50 N4 O 494.763 495 7.130 BASIS 17 C34 H48 N4 O 528.780 529 1.195 AMAP 2 18 C33 H53 N5 O2 551.815 552 1.135 AMAP 2 19 C35 H48 N4 O3 572.789 573 3.580 CURVE 4 20 C34 H49 N5 O3 S 607.859 608 3.430 STANDARD 21 C29 H46 N4 O 466.709 467 6.730 BASIS 22 C29 H46 N4 O 466.709 467 3.310 CURVE 4 23 C35 H48 F2 N4 O 578.787 579 9.530 BASIS 24 C34 H50 N5 O 544.803 545 3.450 CURVE 4 25 C34 H49 N5 O 543.795 544 3.940 CURVE 4 26 C34 H49 N5 O 543.795 545 3.770 STANDARD 27 C40 H60 N4 O3 644.939 645 3.980 CURVE 4 28 C35 H54 N4 O3 578.837 579 5.350 STANDARD 29 C34 H54 N4 O2 550.827 551 7.000 BASIS 30 C34 H54 N4 O2 550.827 551 7.000 BASIS 31 C34 H54 N4 O2 550.827 551 3.340 CURVE 4 32 C36 H58 N4 O2 564.853 565 3.350 CURVE 4 33 C35 H56 N4 O2 578.889 579 3.390 CURVE 4 34 C37 H60 N4 O2 592.907 593 3.460 CURVE 4 35 C39 H63 N5 O4 665.958 666 3.690 CURVE 4 36 C33 H53 N5 O2 551.815 552 4.700 CURVE 4 37 C34 H55 N5 O2 565.841 566 3.090 CURVE 4 38 C35 H57 N5 O2 579.868 580 3.140 CURVE 4 39 C36 H59 N5 O2 593.895 594 3.100 CURVE 4 40 C45 H63 N5 O2 706.026 706 3.810 CURVE 4 41 C37 H61 N5 O2 607.922 608 4.460 STANDARD 42 C42 H63 N5 O3 685.992 686 3.540 CURVE 4 43 C38 H61 N5 O4 651.931 652 3.480 CURVE 4 44 C36 H57 N5 O4 623.877 624 3.150 CURVE 4 45 C35 H57 N5 O2 579.868 580 4.480 STANDARD 46 C35 H57 N7 O2 607.882 608 3.190 CURVE 4 47 C36 H57 N5 O3 607.878 608 3.630 CURVE 4 48 C37 H60 N6 O3 636.920 637 3.330 CURVE 4 49 C34 H50 N4 O3 S 594.860 595 8.230 BASIS 50 C36 H54 N4 O5 S 654.912 655 3.690 CURVE 4 51 C34 H50 N4 O4 578.793 579 8.200 BASIS 52 C37 H56 N4 O6 652.871 653 7.870 BASIS 53 C36 H54 N4 O6 638.845 639 7.870 BASIS 54 C36 H54 N4 O6 638.845 639 7.830 BASIS 55 C37 H56 N4 O7 668.870 669 3.530 CURVE 4 56 C37 H56 N4 O6 S 684.937 685 2.720 CURVE 4 57 C36 H54 N4 O5 S 654.912 655 2.740 CURVE 4 58 C36 H54 N4 O5 S 654.912 655 3.690 CURVE 4 59 C37 H56 N4 O5 S 668.938 669 7.370 BASIS 60 C38 H54 N4 O2 598.871 599 7.370 BASIS 61 C38 H50 Cl1 F3 N4 O2 687.286 687 4.600 CURVE 4 62 C38 H52 N4 O 580.856 581 8.700 BASIS 63 C37 H52 Cl1 N5 O 618.305 618 4.820 CURVE 4 64 C37 H53 N5 O 583.860 584 4.340 CURVE 4 65 C37 H52 F1 N5 O 601.850 602 4.360 CURVE 4 66 C33 H52 N4 O2 536.800 537 3.260 CURVE 4 67 C33 H51 N5 O2 549.799 550 3.270 CURVE 4 68 C30 H46 N4 O2 494.719 495 4.460 STANDARD 69 C37 H52 N4 O 568.845 569 5.210 STANDARD 70 C30 H46 N4 O 478.720 479 4.58 STANDARD 71 C36 H60 N6 O2 608.910 609 3.200 CURVE 4 72 C40 H59 Cl1 N6 O2 691.399 691 4.350 CURVE 4 73 C39 H59 N7 O2 657.942 658 3.630 CURVE 4 74 C41 H62 N6 O2 670.981 671 3.560 CURVE 4 75 C40 H60 N6 O2 656.954 657 3.930 CURVE 4 76 C37 H62 N6 O2 622.937 623 3.180 CURVE 4 77 C37 H62 N6 O2 622.937 623 3.010 CURVE 4 78 C41 H61 Cl1 N6 O2 705.426 705 3.800 CURVE 4 79 C40 H61 N7 O2 671.969 672 3.400 CURVE 4 80 C42 H64 N6 O2 685.008 686 3.300 CURVE 4 81 C41 H62 N6 O2 670.981 671 3.590 CURVE 4 82 C38 H64 N6 O2 636.964 638 3.050 CURVE 4 83 C33 H47 N5 O 529.768 530 4.370 CURVE 4 84 C34 H48 N4 O 528.780 529 3.560 CURVE 4 85 C36 H50 N4 O2 570.817 571 4.470 CURVE 4 86 C26 H37 N3 O3 439.596 440 4.750 STANDARD 87 C31 H42 N4 O 486.700 487 5.900 CURVE 4 88 C35 H54 N4 O3 578.837 579 4.280 CURVE 4 89 C35 H48 N4 O3 572.789 573 3.970 CURVE 4 90 C37 H52 N4 O5 632.841 633 5.760 STANDARD 91 C34 H56 N4 O6 616.838 617 4.500 STANDARD 92 C31 H50 N4 O3 526.761 528 3.340 STANDARD 93 C35 H57 N5 O3 595.867 596 3.240 CURVE 4 94 C34 H56 N4 O3 568.841 569 3.430 CURVE 4 95 C30 H46 N4 O3 510.723 511 5.360 STANDARD 96 C35 H46 N4 O4 586.772 587 5.840 CURVE 4 97 C36 H44 F6 N4 O2 678.762 679 7.060 STANDARD 98 C34 H46 N4 O2 542.768 543 6.000 STANDARD 99 C34 H45 Br1 N4 O2 621.664 621 6.290 STANDARD 100 C34 H41 F5 N4 O2 632.718 633 6.500 STANDARD 101 C34 H44 Cl2 N4 O2 611.658 611 6.610 STANDARD 102 C35 H48 N4 O3 572.794 573 5.960 STANDARD 103 C35 H45 F3 N4 O2 610.765 611 6.400 STANDARD 104 C35 H48 N4 O2 556.795 557 6.140 STANDARD 105 C34 H45 F1 N4 O2 560.758 561 6.100 STANDARD 106 C34 H45 Cl1 N4 O2 577.213 577 6.330 STANDARD 107 C34 H44 Cl2 N4 O2 611.658 611 6.690 STANDARD 108 C35 H48 N4 O3 572.794 573 6.070 STANDARD 109 C35 H48 N4 O3 572.794 573 6.020 STANDARD 110 C34 H45 F1 N4 O2 560.758 561 6.350 STANDARD 111 C34 H45 Cl1 N4 O2 577.213 577 5.980 STANDARD 112 C35 H48 N4 O3 572.794 573 7.680 STANDARD 113 C40 H58 N4 O3 642.929 643 6.490 STANDARD 114 C35 H45 F3 N4 O2 610.765 611 6.890 STANDARD 115 C38 H54 N4 O2 598.876 599 6.210 STANDARD 116 C35 H48 N4 O2 556.795 557 5.750 STANDARD 117 C30 H44 N4 O4 524.706 525 5.950 STANDARD 118 C33 H50 N4 O4 566.787 567 6.150 STANDARD 119 C32 H50 N4 O2 522.778 523 6.090 STANDARD 120 C37 H50 N4 O4 614.831 615 6.080 STANDARD 121 C35 H48 N4 O2 556.795 557 6.090 STANDARD 122 C34 H45 Cl2 N5 O2 626.669 626 1.606 AMAP 2 123 C31 H47 N5 O2 521.745 522 1.403 AMAP 2 124 C34 H53 N5 O4 595.824 596 1.460 AMAP 2 125 C39 H55 N5 O4 657.894 658 1.536 AMAP 2 126 C35 H46 F3 N5 O3 641.774 642 1.568 AMAP 2 127 C33 H53 N5 O2 551.815 552 1.494 AMAP 2 128 C34 H53 N5 O4 595.824 596 1.451 AMAP 2 129 C34 H46 Br N5 O2 636.674 636 1.536 AMAP 2 130 C36 H51 N5 O3 601.831 602 1.553 AMAP 2 131 C37 H51 N5 O4 629.841 630 1.616 AMAP 2 132 C36 H51 N5 O2 585.832 586 1.556 AMAP 2 133 C34 H45 Cl2 N5 O2 626.669 626 1.583 AMAP 2 134 C34 H45 Cl2 N5 O2 626.669 626 1.597 AMAP 2 135 C34 H46 Br N5 O2 636.674 636 1.552 AMAP 2 136 C32 H48 N4 O2 520.762 521 5.840 STANDARD 137 C33 H52 N4 O2 536.805 537 6.310 STANDARD 138 C30 H46 N4 O2 494.724 495 5.630 STANDARD 139 C36 H50 N4 O2 570.822 571 6.330 STANDARD 140 C29 H41 Cl3 N4 O2 584.032 583 6.540 STANDARD 141 C29 H42 Cl2 N4 O2 549.587 549 5.980 STANDARD 142 C37 H50 N4 O2 582.833 583 6.380 STANDARD 143 C35 H54 N4 O2 562.843 563 6.700 STANDARD 144 C34 H52 N4 O2 548.816 549 6.310 STANDARD 145 C32 H44 N4 O3 532.729 533 5.710 STANDARD 146 C33 H46 N4 O2 S1 562.817 563 6.020 STANDARD 147 C41 H48 N4 O3 644.860 645 6.420 STANDARD 148 C36 H50 N4 O3 586.821 587 6.150 STANDARD 149 C31 H46 N4 O4 538.733 539 5.510 STANDARD 150 C33 H45 N5 O2 543.756 544 5.340 STANDARD 151 C41 H52 N4 O2 632.893 633 6.760 STANDARD 152 C31 H46 N4 O4 538.733 539 5.540 STANDARD 153 C43 H64 N4 O2 543.196 543 6.140 STANDARD 154 C31 H47 CM N4 O2 543.196 543 6.270 STANDARD 155 C33 H51 Cl1 N4 O2 571.250 571 7.540 STANDARD 156 C39 H53 Cl1 N4 O2 645.332 645 6.440 STANDARD 157 C37 H52 N4 O3 600.848 601 6.510 STANDARD 158 C36 H46 N4 O2 S1 598.850 599 6.460 STANDARD 159 C35 H45 F3 N4 O3 626.764 627 6.630 STANDARD 160 C37 H49 N7 O2 623.846 624 6.410 STANDARD 161 C33 H43 Cl2 N5 O2 612.646 612 6.460 STANDARD 162 C36 H51 N5 O2 S1 617.897 618 6.380 STANDARD 163 C33 H43 Cl2 N5 O2 612.646 612 6.440 STANDARD 164 C38 H47 Cl1 F1 N5 O3 676.277 676 6.230 STANDARD 165 C34 H43 F3 N4 O2 596.738 597 7.000 STANDARD 166 C37 H49 F3 N4 O3 654.818 655 6.480 STANDARD 167 C40 H51 N5 O2 S1 665.941 666 6.390 STANDARD 168 C39 H48 Cl1 N5 O3 670.298 670 6.370 STANDARD 169 C33 H45 Cl1 N4 O3 S1 613.261 613 6.490 STANDARD 170 C38 H47 F3 N6 O2 676.828 677 7.210 STANDARD 171 C38 H56 N4 O2 600.892 601 6.560 STANDARD 172 C37 H47 F3 N4 O2 636.803 637 6.180 STANDARD 173 C36 H54 N6 O2 602.868 603 6.300 STANDARD 174 C36 H54 N6 O2 602.868 603 6.400 STANDARD 175 C34 H46 Cl1 N5 O3 608.227 608 7.270 STANDARD 176 C37 H51 Cl1 N4 O3 635.293 635 6.300 STANDARD 177 C37 H54 N4 O4 618.863 619 6.730 STANDARD 178 C30 H48 N4 O3 512.734 513 3.280 CURVE 4 179 C35 H50 N4 O2 558.806 559 4.140 CURVE 4 180 C30 H48 N4 O2 496.735 497 3.450 CURVE 4 181 C30 H47 F N4 O2 514.725 515 3.710 CURVE 4 182 C36 H51 Cl N4 O3 623.277 623 4.410 CURVE 4 183 C37 H54 N4 O4 618.858 619 4.090 CURVE 4 184 C40 H60 N4 O3 644.939 645 4.980 CURVE 4 185 C33 H54 N4 O3 554.815 555 3.810 CURVE 4 186 C38 H64 N4 O3 624.949 626 5.530 CURVE 4 187 C33 H52 N4 O3 552.799 553 3.800 CURVE 4 188 C34 H56 N4 O3 568.841 569 4.110 CURVE 4 189 C31 H48 N4 O2 508.746 509 3.730 CURVE 4 190 C31 H50 N4 O2 510.762 511 3.570 CURVE 4 191 C35 H56 N4 O2 564.853 565 4.390 CURVE 4 192 C35 H58 N4 O2 566.869 567 4.740 CURVE 4 193 C38 H51 N5 O4 641.852 642 3.980 CURVE 4 194 C34 H56 N4 O3 568.841 569 3.930 CURVE 4 195 C33 H52 N4 O2 536.800 537 3.960 CURVE 4 196 C38 H54 N4 O5 646.868 647 4.180 CURVE 4 197 C35 H52 N4 O4 592.820 593 3.890 CURVE 4 198 C30 H45 F3 N4 O2 550.706 551 4.150 CURVE 4 199 C32 H48 F4 N4 O3 612.748 613 4.150 CURVE 4 200 C34 H55 N5 O3 581.841 582 3.400 CURVE 4 201 C37 H60 N4 O2 592.907 593 5.090 CURVE 4 202 C36 H52 N4 O2 572.833 573 4.060 CURVE 4 203 C32 H50 N4 O2 522.773 523 4.010 CURVE 4 204 C32 H50 N4 O4 554.771 555 4.020 CURVE 4 205 C41 H61 Cl N6 O2 705.425 706 1.344 AMAP 2 206 C33 H54 N4 O2 538.815 539 1.414 AMAP 2 207 C38 H54 N4 O4 630.868 631 1.487 AMAP 2 208 C30 H48 N4 O3 512.734 513 1.282 AMAP 2 209 C39 H66 N4 O2 622.976 623 1.713 AMAP 2 210 C41 H70 N4 O2 651.030 652 1.768 AMAP 2 211 C31 H50 N4 O3 526.761 527 1.318 AMAP 2 212 C43 H74 N4 O2 679.083 680 1.850 AMAP 2 213 C45 H78 N4 O2 707.137 708 1.921 AMAP 2 214 C32 H50 N4 O2 522.773 523 1.327 AMAP 2 215 C38 H54 N4 O5 646.867 647 1.414 AMAP 2 216 C35 H54 N4 O2 562.837 563 1.374 AMAP 2 217 C41 H54 N4 O2 634.903 635 1.483 AMAP 2 218 C40 H52 N4 O 604.878 605 1.315 AMAP 2 219 C38 H50 N4 O 578.840 579 1.251 AMAP 2 220 C40 H52 N4 O2 620.877 621 1.307 AMAP 2 221 C40 H52 N4 O 604.878 605 1.332 AMAP 2 222 C38 H50 N4 O 578.840 579 1.296 AMAP 2 223 C37 H51 N5 O 581.844 582 1.216 AMAP 2 224 C33 H47 N5 O 529.768 530 1.171 AMAP 2 225 C35 H47 F3 N4 O 596.777 597 1.310 AMAP 2 226 C33 H47 N5 O 529.768 530 1.136 AMAP 2 227 C31 H48 N4 O 492.747 493 1.153 AMAP 2 228 C35 H47 Cl1 N4 O3 607.234 607 1.273 AMAP 2 229 C35 H47 F3 N4 O2 612.776 613 1.298 AMAP 2 230 C36 H50 N4 O2 570.817 571 1.212 AMAP 2 231 C35 H56 N4 O 548.854 549 1.255 AMAP 2 232 C38 H56 N4 O 584.887 585 1.315 AMAP 2 233 C35 H50 N4 O2 558.806 559 1.217 AMAP 2 234 C35 H47 N5 O 553.790 554 1.245 AMAP 2 235 C33 H49 N5 O2 547.783 548 1.187 AMAP 2 236 C35 H50 N4 O3 S 606.871 607 1.305 AMAP 2 237 C35 H50 N4 O 542.807 543 1.212 AMAP 2 238 C37 H50 N6 O3 626.841 627 1.209 AMAP 2 239 C34 H47 F N4 O 546.770 547 1.214 AMAP 2 240 C41 H54 N4 O2 634.904 635 1.307 AMAP 2 241 C34 H47 Cl1 N4 O 563.225 563 1.251 AMAP 2 242 C48 H60 N4 O3 741.027 741 1.369 AMAP 2 243 C35 H47 F3 N4 O2 612.776 613 1.321 AMAP 2 244 C32 H52 N4 O 508.790 509 1.192 AMAP 2 245 C36 H52 N4 O 556.834 557 1.228 AMAP 2 246 C30 H47 N5 O2 509.734 510 1.099 AMAP 2 247 C32 H46 N6 O3 562.754 563 1.273 AMAP 2 248 C37 H54 N4 O2 586.860 587 1.228 AMAP 2 249 C32 H45 Cl1 N4 O S 569.253 569 1.339 AMAP 2 250 C31 H48 N4 O3 524.745 525 1.144 AMAP 2 251 C36 H52 N4 O 556.834 557 1.237 AMAP 2 252 C29 H43 N5 O 477.693 478 1.392 AMAP 2 253 C34 H47 F N4 O 546.770 547 1.221 AMAP 2 254 C35 H47 F3 N4 O 596.777 597 1.301 AMAP 2 255 C35 H47 N5 O 553.790 554 1.377 AMAP 2 256 C32 H52 N4 O 508.790 509 1.197 AMAP 2 257 C29 H46 N4 O2 482.708 483 1.103 AMAP 2 258 C34 H47 Cl1 N4 O 563.225 563 1.268 AMAP 2 259 C42 H52 N4 O 628.900 629 1.430 AMAP 2 260 C35 H50 N4 O 542.807 543 1.229 AMAP 2 261 C34 H47 Br N4 O 607.676 607 1.258 AMAP 2 262 C35 H50 N4 O 542.807 543 1.207 AMAP 2 263 C35 H47 N5 O 553.790 554 1.244 AMAP 2 264 C35 H48 N4 O2 556.790 557 1.226 AMAP 2 265 C29 H45 N5 O2 495.707 496 1.106 AMAP 2 266 C37 H52 N4 O4 616.842 617 1.235 AMAP 2 267 C39 H58 N4 O2 614.913 615 1.298 AMAP 2 268 C38 H52 N4 O4 628.853 629 1.231 AMAP 2 269 C41 H52 N4 O2 632.888 633 1.435 AMAP 2 270 C31 H50 N4 O 494.763 495 1.164 AMAP 2 271 C42 H54 N4 O 630.916 631 1.337 AMAP 2 272 C36 H52 N4 O2 572.833 573 1.227 AMAP 2 273 C34 H47 F N4 O 546.770 547 1.199 AMAP 2 274 C35 H50 N4 O2 558.806 559 1.209 AMAP 2 275 C33 H47 N5 O 529.768 530 1.167 AMAP 2 276 C35 H50 N4 O2 558.806 559 1.202 AMAP 2 277 C40 H51 N5 O3 649.875 650 1.579 AMAP 2 278 C35 H49 N5 O2 571.805 572 1.441 AMAP 2 279 C40 H51 N5 O2 633.876 634 1.594 AMAP 2 280 C40 H51 N5 O2 633.876 634 1.595 AMAP 2 281 C35 H49 N5 O3 587.804 588 1.503 AMAP 2 282 C34 H46 F N5 O2 575.768 576 1.479 AMAP 2 283 C35 H46 N6 O2 582.788 583 1.434 AMAP 2 284 C38 H57 N5 O2 615.901 616 1.599 AMAP 2 285 C34 H46 F N5 O2 575.768 576 1.465 AMAP 2 286 C35 H49 N5 O3 587.804 588 1.449 AMAP 2 287 C35 H46 N6 O2 582.788 583 1.456 AMAP 2 288 C37 H51 N5 O4 629.841 630 1.516 AMAP 2 289 C36 H51 N5 O2 585.832 586 1.484 AMAP 2 290 C40 H53 N5 O2 635.892 636 1.564 AMAP 2 291 C34 H45 Cl2 N5 O2 626.669 626 1.465 AMAP 2 292 C34 H46 Cl1 N5 O2 592.223 592 1.524 AMAP 2 293 C34 H46 Cl1 N5 O2 592.223 592 1.522 AMAP 2 294 C32 H51 N5 O2 537.788 538 1.467 AMAP 2 295 C36 H51 N5 O2 585.832 586 1.490 AMAP 2 296 C32 H51 N5 O2 537.788 538 1.451 AMAP 2 297 C37 H53 N5 O5 647.856 648 1.417 AMAP 2 298 C36 H51 N5 O4 617.830 618 1.482 AMAP 2 299 C35 H47 N5 O3 585.788 586 1.429 AMAP 2 300 C31 H49 N5 O2 523.761 524 1.390 AMAP 2 301 C34 H46 N6 O4 602.775 603 1.464 AMAP 2 302 C35 H49 N5 O2 S 603.871 604 1.532 AMAP 2 303 C32 H49 N5 O4 567.770 568 1.392 AMAP 2 304 C34 H46 Br N5 O2 636.674 636 1.535 AMAP 2 305 C38 H55 N5 O2 613.885 614 1.650 AMAP 2 306 C38 H53 N5 O4 643.868 644 1.498 AMAP 2 307 C36 H51 N5 O4 617.830 618 1.510 AMAP 2 308 C35 H49 N5 O2 571.805 572 1.459 AMAP 2 309 C36 H51 N5 O2 585.832 586 1.472 AMAP 2 310 C34 H45 Cl2 N5 O2 626.669 626 1.578 AMAP 2 311 C37 H51 N5 O4 629.841 630 1.501 AMAP 2 312 C34 H46 N6 O4 602.775 603 1.489 AMAP 2 313 C36 H45 F6 N5 O2 693.773 694 1.660 AMAP 2 314 C37 H53 N5 O2 599.859 600 1.509 AMAP 2 315 C39 H55 N5 O4 657.894 658 1.591 AMAP 2 316 C33 H51 N5 O4 581.797 582 1.395 AMAP 2 317 C36 H59 N5 O2 593.895 594 1.631 AMAP 2 318 C34 H45 F2 N5 O2 593.758 594 1.465 AMAP 2 319 C34 H45 Cl2 N5 O2 626.669 626 1.606 AMAP 2 320 C35 H49 N5 O2 571.805 572 1.497 AMAP 2 321 C31 H47 N5 O2 521.745 522 1.403 AMAP 2 322 C34 H53 N5 O4 595.824 596 1.460 AMAP 2 323 C39 H55 N5 O4 657.894 658 1.536 AMAP 2 324 C35 H46 F3 N5 O3 641.774 642 1.568 AMAP 2 325 C33 H53 N5 O2 551.815 552 1.494 AMAP 2 326 C34 H53 N5 O4 595.824 596 1.451 AMAP 2 327 C34 H46 Br N5 O2 636.674 636 1.536 AMAP 2 328 C36 H51 N5 O3 601.831 602 1.553 AMAP 2 329 C37 H51 N5 O4 629.841 630 1.616 AMAP 2 330 C36 H51 N5 O2 585.832 586 1.556 AMAP 2 331 C34 H45 Cl2 N5 O2 626.669 626 1.583 AMAP 2 332 C34 H45 Cl2 N5 O2 626.669 626 1.597 AMAP 2 333 C34 H46 Br N5 O2 636.674 636 1.552 AMAP 2 334 C40 H59 N5 O2 641.939 642 1.601 AMAP 2 335 C31 H47 N5 O4 553.743 554 1.363 AMAP 2 336 C36 H51 N5 O2 585.832 586 1.509 AMAP 2 337 C35 H48 Cl1 N5 O3 622.249 622 1.551 AMAP 2 338 C35 H45 Cl1 F3 N5 O2 660.221 660 1.614 AMAP 2 339 C35 H45 Cl1 F3 N5 O2 660.221 660 1.648 AMAP 2 340 C36 H51 N5 O3 601.831 602 1.475 AMAP 2 341 C34 H45 Cl1 N6 O4 637.221 637 1.596 AMAP 2 342 C38 H55 N5 O2 613.885 614 1.539 AMAP 2 343 C35 H48 Cl1 N5 O2 606.250 606 1.481 AMAP 2 344 C36 H50 Br N5 O2 664.728 664 1.543 AMAP 2 345 C36 H57 N5 O4 623.877 624 1.470 AMAP 2 346 C33 H51 N5 O4 581.797 582 1.421 AMAP 2 347 C34 H45 N7 O6 647.773 648 1.575 AMAP 2 348 C40 H56 N6 O4 684.920 685 1.169 AMAP 2 349 C40 H55 N7 O3 681.920 682 1.348 AMAP 2 350 C37 H51 N5 O2 597.843 598 1.476 AMAP 2 351 C32 H47 N5 O2 533.756 534 1.372 AMAP 2 352 C38 H54 N6 O2 626.885 627 1.456 AMAP 2 353 C32 H49 N5 O3 551.771 552 1.320 AMAP 2 354 C37 H53 N7 O2 627.873 628 1.229 AMAP 2 355 C36 H52 N6 O2 600.847 601 1.220 AMAP 2 356 C32 H49 N5 O2 535.772 536 1.357 AMAP 2 357 C40 H55 N5 O4 669.906 670 1.497 AMAP 2 358 C38 H53 F N6 O2 644.875 645 1.480 AMAP 2 359 C39 H56 N6 O3 656.910 657 1.439 AMAP 2 360 C39 H54 CM N5 O3 676.341 676 1.431 AMAP 2 361 C39 H53 F3 N6 O2 694.882 695 1.563 AMAP 2 362 C39 H55 Cl1 N6 O2 675.357 676 1.236 AMAP 2 363 C31 H47 N5 O2 S 553.811 554 1.374 AMAP 2 364 C36 H58 N6 O4 638.892 639 1.104 AMAP 2 365 C32 H51 N5 O2 537.788 538 1.414 AMAP 2 366 C35 H53 N5 O4 607.835 608 1.386 AMAP 2 367 C36 H55 N5 O4 621.862 622 1.409 AMAP 2 368 C39 H52 N6 O2 636.880 637 1.466 AMAP 2 369 C39 H55 N5 O3 641.896 642 1.388 AMAP 2 370 C40 H53 N5 O2 635.892 636 1.525 AMAP 2 371 C39 H56 N6 O3 656.910 657 1.423 AMAP 2 372 C36 H52 N8 O2 628.861 629 1.332 AMAP 2 373 C34 H52 N6 O3 592.824 593 1.263 AMAP 2 374 C43 H57 N5 O2 675.956 676 1.616 AMAP 2 375 C34 H55 N5 O4 597.839 598 1.355 AMAP 2 376 C39 H53 F3 N6 O2 694.882 695 1.557 AMAP 2 377 C32 H49 N5 O3 551.771 552 1.271 AMAP 2 378 C34 H53 N5 O3 579.825 580 1.368 AMAP 2 379 C41 H57 N7 O3 695.947 695 1.398 AMAP 2 380 C38 H53 F N6 O2 644.875 645 1.486 AMAP 2 381 C37 H53 N7 O2 627.873 628 1.145 AMAP 2 382 C33 H51 N5 O3 565.798 566 1.258 AMAP 2 383 C32 H51 N5 O3 553.787 554 1.301 AMAP 2 384 C33 H51 N5 O3 565.798 566 1.272 AMAP 2 385 C32 H51 N5 O2 537.788 538 1.410 AMAP 2 386 C37 H51 N5 O4 629.841 630 1.452 AMAP 2 387 C33 H54 N6 O2 566.830 566 1.122 AMAP 2 388 C37 H53 N5 O2 599.859 600 1.484 AMAP 2 389 C32 H49 N5 O2 535.772 536 1.397 AMAP 2 390 C33 H49 N5 O2 547.783 548 1.393 AMAP 2 391 C33 H50 N6 O3 578.797 579 1.256 AMAP 2 392 C40 H58 N6 O3 670.937 671 1.488 AMAP 2 393 C31 H49 N5 O2 523.761 524 1.378 AMAP 2 394 C38 H60 N6 O2 632.932 633 1.163 AMAP 2 395 C30 H47 N5 O2 509.734 510 1.331 AMAP 2 396 C37 H58 N6 O2 618.905 619 1.123 AMAP 2 397 C34 H45 F2 N5 O2 593.758 594 1.465 AMAP 2 398 C35 H49 N5 O2 571.805 572 1.497 AMAP 2 399 C34 H46 N4 O3 558.762 559 1.985 AMAP 3 400 C32 H50 N4 O3 538.772 539 2.010 AMAP 3 401 C29 H44 N4 O3 496.692 497 1.914 AMAP 3 402 C31 H46 N4 O3 522.729 523 1.950 AMAP 3 403 C35 H48 N4 O4 588.788 589 1.976 AMAP 3 404 C31 H48 N4 O4 540.744 541 1.885 AMAP 3 405 C36 H58 N4 O3 594.879 595 2.206 AMAP 3 406 C31 H48 N4 O3 524.745 525 1.966 AMAP 3 407 C34 H45 F N4 O3 576.753 577 2.014 AMAP 3 408 C34 H45 Cl N4 O3 593.208 593 2.036 AMAP 3 409 C35 H47 N5 O5 617.786 618 1.981 AMAP 3 410 C38 H60 N4 O3 620.917 621 2.249 AMAP 3 411 C35 H48 N4 O3 572.789 573 2.040 AMAP 3 412 C32 H50 N4 O3 538.772 539 2.002 AMAP 3 413 C32 H48 N4 O3 536.756 537 1.995 AMAP 3 414 C30 H46 N4 O3 510.718 511 1.918 AMAP 3 415 C31 H44 N4 O3 520.714 521 1.919 AMAP 3 416 C32 H47 ClS N4 O3 642.107 641 2.137 AMAP 3 417 C34 H45 N5 O5 603.760 604 2.024 AMAP 3 418 C30 H43 ClS N4 OS 614.054 613 2.043 AMAP 3 419 C38 H60 N4 OS 620.917 621 2.280 AMAP 3 420 C37 H48 N4 OS S 628.877 629 1.519 AMAP 2 421 C31 H44 N4 OS S2 584.846 585 1.417 AMAP 2 422 C36 H47 N5 OS S 629.865 630 1.428 AMAP 2 423 C39 H50 N4 OS S 654.915 655 1.576 AMAP 2 424 C37 H48 N4 OS S 628.877 629 1.524 AMAP 2 425 C33 H46 N4 OS S 578.817 579 1.427 AMAP 2 426 C33 H45 F N4 OS S 596.807 597 1.439 AMAP 2 427 C36 H52 N4 OS S 620.898 621 1.571 AMAP 2 428 C34 H48 N4 O5 S2 656.908 657 1.354 AMAP 2 429 C34 H48 N4 O4 S 608.843 609 1.409 AMAP 2 430 C33 H45 F N4 OS S 596.807 597 1.426 AMAP 2 431 C35 H50 N4 O5 S 638.869 639 1.375 AMAP 2 432 C34 H45 F3 N4 O3 S 646.815 647 1.489 AMAP 2 433 C34 H45 N5 O3 S 603.828 604 1.411 AMAP 2 434 C37 H54 N4 O3 S 634.925 635 1.593 AMAP 2 435 C39 H53 N5 O3 S 671.946 672 1.575 AMAP 2 436 C33 H45 CM N4 O3 S 613.263 613 1.502 AMAP 2 437 C35 H49 N5 O4 S 635.869 636 1.327 AMAP 2 438 C31 H43 Cl1 N4 O3 S2 619.291 619 1.504 AMAP 2 439 C34 H45 F3 N4 O3 S 646.815 647 1.494 AMAP 2 440 C33 H44 N6 O3 S2 636.882 637 1.433 AMAP 2 441 C33 H48 N6 O4 S2 656.912 657 1.332 AMAP 2 442 C37 H48 N4 O5 S3 725.007 725 1.467 AMAP 2 443 C36 H52 N4 O3 S 620.898 621 1.545 AMAP 2 444 C35 H48 N4 O3 S 604.855 605 1.479 AMAP 2 445 C35 H50 N4 O5 S 638.869 639 1.419 AMAP 2 446 C33 H44 Cl2 N4 O3 S 647.708 647 1.563 AMAP 2 447 C33 H44 F2 N4 O3 S 614.798 615 1.454 AMAP 2 448 C34 H48 N4 O3 S 592.844 593 1.465 AMAP 2 449 C33 H45 Cl1 N4 O3 S 613.263 613 1.474 AMAP 2 450 C33 H45 CM N4 O3 S 613.263 613 1.474 AMAP 2 451 C33 H44 Cl2 N4 O3 S 647.708 647 1.480 AMAP 2 452 C33 H44 Cl2 N4 O3 S 647.708 647 1.541 AMAP 2 453 C33 H45 N5 O5 S 623.815 624 1.418 AMAP 2 454 C28 H44 N4 O3 S 516.747 517 1.280 AMAP 2 455 C34 H45 F3 N4 O4 S 662.813 663 1.530 AMAP 2 456 C34 H48 N4 O3 S 592.844 593 1.465 AMAP 2 457 C33 H45 N5 O5 S 623.815 624 1.434 AMAP 2 458 C36 H52 N4 O3 S 620.898 621 1.584 AMAP 2 459 C34 H45 F3 N4 O3 S 646.815 647 1.499 AMAP 2 460 C33 H45 Br N4 O3 S 657.714 657 1.524 AMAP 2 461 C37 H48 N4 O5 S3 725.007 725 1.498 AMAP 2 462 C34 H48 N4 O5 S2 656.908 657 1.372 AMAP 2 463 C33 H45 Br N4 O3 S 657.714 657 1.488 AMAP 2 464 C34 H46 N4 O5 S 622.826 623 1.361 AMAP 2 465 C33 H45 N5 O5 S 623.815 624 1.424 AMAP 2 466 C33 H44 Cl2 N4 O3 S 647.708 647 1.596 AMAP 2 467 C31 H42 Cl2 N4 O3 S2 653.736 653 1.607 AMAP 2 468 C33 H45 Br N4 O3 S 657.714 657 1.527 AMAP 2 469 C37 H54 N4 O4 S 650.924 651 1.594 AMAP 2 470 C33 H45 I N4 O3 S 704.709 705 1.540 AMAP 2 471 C33 H44 Cl2 N4 O3 S 647.708 647 1.559 AMAP 2 472 C38 H56 N4 O3 S 648.951 649 1.679 AMAP 2 473 C34 H47 N5 O5 S 637.841 638 1.500 AMAP 2 474 C35 H44 F6 N4 O3 S 714.812 715 1.630 AMAP 2 475 C35 H50 N4 O3 S 606.871 607 1.541 AMAP 2 476 C31 H42 Cl2 N4 O3 S2 653.736 653 1.577 AMAP 2 477 C34 H47 Br N4 O4 S 687.739 687 1.531 AMAP 2 478 C33 H44 Cl1 F N4 O3 S 631.253 631 1.490 AMAP 2 479 C34 H47 F N4 O3 S 610.834 611 1.498 AMAP 2 480 C41 H55 N7 O3 S 725.997 726 1.682 AMAP 2 481 C33 H44 N6 O7 S 668.812 669 1.475 AMAP 2 482 C31 H42 Br2 N4 O3 S2 742.638 741 1.605 AMAP 2 483 C31 H41 Br Cl2 N4 O3 S2 732.632 731 1.622 AMAP 2 484 C33 H44 Cl2 N4 O3 S 647.708 647 1.552 AMAP 2 485 C33 H43 Cl3 N4 O3 S 682.153 681 1.587 AMAP 2 486 C34 H47 Cl1 N4 O3 S 627.289 627 1.524 AMAP 2 487 C42 H64 N4 O3 S 705.059 705 1.819 AMAP 2 488 C36 H47 Cl1 N4 O3 S2 683.377 683 1.654 AMAP 2

Analytical Methods (GC-MS)

Basis Method

API 100 95: MassChrom

Solvents:

A % 95% NH 4 OAc buffer + 5% acetonitrile B % 100% acetonitrile Flow Ramp 5.00 Flow (ml/min) 1.000 Stop Time (mins) 20.00 Min Pressure (Psi) 0 Max Pressure (Psi) 6100

LC-200 Quad Pump (Version 1.08)

Column: XTerra (2.5 μm, 4.5 × 50 mm) Column Temperature (° C.) 20 Column Temperature Limit (° C.) 20

Gradient Timetable: 0.00=isocratic, 1.00=linear

Step Time(min) Dura. (min.) A % B % Flow(ml/min) Grad. 0 −0.10 0.10 100 0 1.000 0.00 1 0.00 10.00 5 95 1.000 1.00 2 10.00 2.00 5 95 1.000 0.00 3 12.00 0.50 100 0 1.000 1.00 4 12.50 2.50 100 0 1.000 0.00

Number of Channels: 2

Sampling Rate: 0 points per second per channel Voltage Range: 0 till 0.1 volt Polarity: UNIPOLAR Channel A: (A) UV 225 nm Channel B: (B) ELS Sedex 75 (Temp. 37° C.)

Standard Method

Waters Alliance 2790 LC Mobile Phase

Solvents:

C % 95% NH 4 OAc buffer + 5% ACN (pH = ±5) D % 100% acetonitrile (ACN) Flow Ramp 5.00 Flow (ml/min) 1.000 Stop Time (mins) 11.00 Min Pressure (Bar) 0 Max Pressure (Bar) 300 Degasser OnStroke Length Auto

Waters Alliance 2790 LC Column

Column Position Column 1 Equilibration Time (mins) 0.00 Column Temperature (° C.) 20 Column Temperature Limit (° C.) 20

Waters Alliance 2790 LC Rapid Equilibration

System Path OffSystem Flow (ml/min) 0.00 System Time (mins) 0.00 Re-equilibration Time (mins) 0.00 Pre column volume (μl) 0.00

Waters Alliance 2790 I/O

Switch 1: no change; switch 2: no change; switch 3: no change; switch 4: no change Analog Output Setting: Flow Rate

Waters Alliance 2790 LC Gradient Timetable

The gradient Timetable contains 6 entries which are:

Time(min) C % D % Flow(ml/min) Curve 0.00 100.0 0.0 1.000 1 1.00 100.0 0.0 1.000 6 7.00 0.0 100.0 1.000 6 8.00 0.0 100.0 1.000 6 8.50 100.0 0.0 1.000 6 11.00 100.0 0.0 1.000 6 Start Wavelength (nm) 225.00 End Wavelength (nm) 260.00 Resolution (nm) 1.2 Sampling Rate (spectra/second) 1.000 Filter Response 1 Exposure Time(ms) Automatic Interpolate 656 YesAcquisition stop time (mins) 10.75 Waters996 PDA Analog Channel 1 ELS PL ELS 1000 (Temp. 80° C.)

Curve 4 Method

Waters Alliance 2790 LC Mobile Phase

Solvents

C % 95% NH 4 OAc buffer + 5% ACN (pH = ± 5) D % 100% acetonitrile Flow Ramp 5.00 Flow (ml/min) 1.000 Stop Time (mins) 11.00 Min Pressure (Bar) 0 Max Pressure (Bar) 320 Degasser OnStroke Lenqth Auto

Waters Alliance 2790 LC Column

Column Position Column 1 Equilibration Time (mins) 0.00 Column Temperature (° C.) 20 Column Temperature Limit (° C.) 20

Waters Alliance 2790 LC Rapid Equilibration

System Path OffSystem Flow (ml/min) 0.00 System Time (mins) 0.00 Re-equilibration Time (mins) 0.00 Pre column volume (μl) 0.00

Waters Alliance 2790 I/O

Switch 1 No Change Switch 2 No Change Switch 3 No Change Switch 4 No Change Analog Output Setting Flow Rate

Waters Alliance 2790 LC Gradient Timetable

The gradient Timetable contains 6 entries which are:

Time(min) C % D % Flow Curve 0.00 100.0 0.0 1.000 1 1.00 100.0 0.0 1.000 4 7.00 0.0 100.0 1.000 4 8.00 0.0 100.0 1.000 6 9.00 100.0 0.0 1.000 6 11.00 100.0 0.0 1.000 6 Start Wavelength (nm) 205.00 End Wavelength (nm) 350.00 Resolution (nm) 1.2 Sampling Rate (spectra/s) 1.000 Filter Response 1 Exposure Time(ms) AutomaticInterpolate 656 YesAcquisition stop time (mins) 10.75 Waters996 PDA Analog Channel 1 ELS PL ELS 1000 (Temp. 80° C.)

AMAP 2 Method

The LC-MS system consists of 2 Perkin Elmer series 200 micro pumps. The pumps are connected to each other by a 50 μl tee mixer. The mixer is connected to the Gilson 215 auto sampler.

The LC method is:

The auto sampler has a 2 μl injection loop. The auto sampler is connected to a Phenomenex Luna C18(2) 30*4.6 mm column with 3 um particles. The column is thermo stated in a Perkin Elmer series 200 column oven at 40° C. The column is connected to an Applied biosystems ABI 785 UV meter with a 2.7 μl flowcell. The wavelength is set to 254 nm. The UV meter is connected to a Sciex API 150EX mass spectrometer. The mass spectrometer has the following parameters:

The light scattering detector is connected to the Sciex API 150. The light scattering detector is a Sedere Sedex 55 operating at 50° C. and 3 bar N 2 pressure. The complete system is controlled by a Dell optiplex GX400 computer operating under Windows NT.

AMAP 3 Method

Identical with the AMAP 2 Method, except for the LC method, the latter being:

For oral (p.o.) administration the desired quantity (up to 20 μmol) of the solid Example 1 was added to 1 ml of tol % (w/v) methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose and 0.1% (w/v) poloxamer in water. The compound was suspended by vortexing for 10 minutes.

For subcutaneous (s.c.) administration the desired quantity (up to 15 μmol) of the solid Example 1 was dissolved or suspended in 1 ml saline solution.

Pharmacological Data