Upgradeable optical add/drop multiplexer

This application is claiming under 35 USC 119(e) the benefit of provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/407,191 filed on Aug. 28, 2002.

The present invention relates to multiplexers for wavelength division multiplexed optical communications systems. More particularly, the present invention relates to multiplexers that can remove or drop a plurality of channels out of a large set of channels whilst simultaneously providing replacement channels comprising the same wavelength bands as the dropped channels and whose architecture can be readily modified to accommodate greater numbers of channels.

The use of optical fiber for long-distance transmission of voice and/or data is now common. As the demand for data carrying capacity continues to increase, there is a continuing need to utilize the bandwidth of existing fiber-optic cable more efficiently. An established method for increasing the carrying capacity of existing fiber cable is Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) in which multiple information channels are independently transmitted over the same fiber using multiple wavelengths of light. In this practice, each light-wave-propagated information channel corresponds to light within a specific wavelength range.

In this specification, these individual information-carrying lights of a WDM optical fiber, optical line or optical system are referred to as either “signals” or “channels.” The totality of multiple combined signals, wherein each signal is of a different wavelength range, is herein referred to as a “composite optical signal.” Although each information-carrying channel actually comprises light of a certain range of physical wavelengths, for simplicity, a single channel is referred to as a single wavelength, λ, and a plurality of n such channels are referred to as “n wavelengths” denoted λ 1 -λ n . The symbols λ i , λ′ i distinguish between channels having the same particular physical wavelength or wavelength range, but possibly carrying different information content.

Conventional OADM systems can separate a composite optical signal into its component channels, remove or “drop” certain selected channels, replace or “add” new channels comprising the same wavelengths as the dropped channels, and re-combine the added channels together with the non-dropped channels into a new composite optical signal. Unfortunately, in conventional OADM systems, which utilize optical filters, a high insertion loss can occur in the separation or “de-multiplexing” stage and the combination or “multiplexing” stage. Each filter has a certain associated insertion loss. The overall insertion loss (in logarithmic units) is the summation of the individual insertion losses associated with each component. Therefore, insertion losses increase for channels encountering more optical components. The losses are greatest for the last channel separated and the first channel added. The losses can become prohibitively large if the optical system employing such an OADM is upgraded so as to include additional channels.

Accordingly, what is needed is an improved upgradeable OADM system. The system should be easily modified or upgraded to accommodate additional channels and should not cause prohibitively large signal losses as a result of such upgrading. The present invention addresses such a need.

The present invention provides an upgradeable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer (upgradeable OADM). An upgradeable OADM in accordance with the present invention comprises an optical input; an optical output; a first and a second bandpass filter, both comprising a first pass band, optically coupled to the optical input and the optical output, respectively; a third and a fourth bandpass filter, both comprising a second pass band, optically coupled to reflection ports of the first and second bandpass filters, respectively; a first and a second cascaded series of channel filter assemblies optically coupled to the transmission ports of the first and second bandpass filters, respectively, a third and a fourth cascaded series of channel filter assemblies optically coupled to the transmission ports of the third and fourth bandpass filters, respectively, and, optionally, an optical switching unit optically coupled between the cascaded series of channel filter assemblies optically coupled to the first and third bandpass filters and the cascaded series of channel filter assemblies optically coupled to the second and fourth bandpass filters.

The first bandpass filter, first cascaded series of channel filter assemblies, third bandpass filter and third cascaded series of channel filter assemblies comprise a de-multiplexer section of the upgradeable OADM. The first bandpass filter separates an input set of channels into a first subset of channels transmitted to the first cascaded series of channel filter assemblies and a second subset of channels reflected to the third bandpass filter. Each channel filter assembly within the first cascaded series transmits only one channel of the first subset of channels and reflects other channels, thereby de-multiplexing the first subset of channels. The third bandpass filter separates the second subset of channels into a third subset of channels transmitted to the third cascaded series of channel filter assemblies and a fourth subset of channels reflected from the third bandpass filter. Each channel filter assembly within the third cascaded series transmits only one channel of the third subset of channels and reflects other channels, thereby de-multiplexing the third subset of channels.

The second bandpass filter, second cascaded series of channel filter assemblies, fourth bandpass filter and fourth cascaded series of channel filter assemblies comprise a multiplexer section of the upgradeable OADM. Optical signals passing through the second bandpass filter, fourth bandpass filter, second cascaded series of channel filter assemblies and fourth series of channel filter assemblies propagate oppositely to optical signal propagation within the first bandpass filter, third bandpass filter, first cascaded series of channel filter assemblies and third cascaded series of channel filter assemblies, respectively. The multiplexer section therefore combines separate optical channels into a single composite optical signal that exits the apparatus at the optical output.

The first and third bandpass filters comprise a first cascaded series of bandpass filters. The second and fourth bandpass filters comprise a second cascaded series of bandpass filters. An OADM in accordance with the present invention may be readily upgraded so as to de-multiplex and multiplex additional channels. Such upgrading may be accomplished by optically coupling an additional bandpass filter to the reflection port of the last bandpass filter in the first cascaded series of bandpass filters and optically coupling another additional bandpass filter to the reflection port of the first bandpass filter in the second cascaded series of bandpass filters, wherein the transmission ports of the additional bandpass filters are optically coupled to respective additional cascaded series of channel filter assemblies.

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention may use one or more of the aspects described above, alone, or in combination.

FIG. 1 illustrates a first preferred embodiment of an OADM in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 2 illustrates a second preferred embodiment of an OADM in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 3 shows a conventional channel filter assembly which may be used as a component within an embodiment of an OADM in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 4 illustrates a third preferred embodiment of an OADM in accordance with the present invention.

The present invention provides an upgradeable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer (OADM) for use within optical communications networks. The following description is presented to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention and is provided in the context of a patent application and its requirements. Various modifications to the preferred embodiment will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art and the generic principles herein may be applied to other embodiments. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiment shown but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features described herein.

To more particularly describe the features of the present invention, please refer to FIGS. 1 through 4 in conjunction with the discussion below.

The present invention provides an upgradeable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer (OADM) for use within optical communications networks. The following description is presented to enable one ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention and is provided in the context of a patent application and its requirements. Various modifications to the preferred embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features described herein. In order to gain a detailed understanding of the construction and operation of the Programmable OADM of the present invention, the reader is referred to the appended FIGS. 1-4 in conjunction with the following description.

FIG. 1 illustrates a first preferred embodiment of an upgradeable OADM in accordance with the present invention. The OADM 100 shown in FIG. 1 comprises an input 101 and an output 103 . The input 101 directs a composite optical signal comprising, in this example, the eight channels λ 1 -λ 8 into the OADM 100 and the output 103 carries an eight-channel composite optical signal out of the apparatus 100 , wherein the output composite optical signal comprises the same wavelengths (but not necessarily the same information content) as the channels λ 1 -λ 8 .

The input 101 of the OADM 100 is optically coupled to a first bandpass filter 102 a , which is of a first type (i.e., type BPF-1). The output 103 of the OADM 100 is optically coupled to a second bandpass filter 102 b , which is also of the first type BPF-1. The bandpass filter 102 a comprises a reflection port 105 a and a transmission port 107 a . The first type, BPF-1, of bandpass filter transmits or passes therethrough the channels λ 1 -λ 4 to a transmission port and reflects the other channels λ 5 -λ 8 to a reflection port, thereby separating the channels λ 1 -λ 4 from the channels λ 5 -λ 8 . Therefore, the reflection port 105 a of the bandpass filter 102 a carries the reflected channels λ 5 -λ 8 away from the bandpass filter 102 a whilst the transmission port 107 a of the bandpass filter 102 a carries the transmitted channels λ 1 -λ 4 away from the bandpass filter 102 a.

The transmission port 107 a of the bandpass filter 102 a is optically coupled to a channel filter assembly 120 a . The channel filter assembly 120 a comprises the first in a first cascaded series 150 a of channel filter assemblies 120 a , 121 a , 122 a , 123 a . The channel filter assembly 120 a transmits or passes therethrough the first channel λ 1 whilst reflecting other channels. The channel filter assembly 121 a transmits or passes therethrough the second channel λ 2 whilst reflecting other channels. The channel filter assembly 122 a transmits or passes therethrough the third channel λ 3 whilst reflecting other channels. The channel filter assembly 123 a transmits or passes therethrough the fourth channel λ 4 whilst reflecting other channels.

The cascaded series 150 a of optically coupled channel filter assemblies serves to separate the four channels λ 1 , λ 2 , λ 3 and λ 4 to respective unique pathways with low insertion losses for all channels. The channel filter assembly 120 a receives the four channels λ 1 -λ 4 plus any spurious wavelengths from the transmission port 107 a and transmits or passes therethrough only the channel λ 1 . The remaining channels λ 2 -λ 4 and any spurious wavelengths are reflected to the optical coupling 112 a whereby they are carried to the channel filter assembly 121 a . The channel filter assembly 121 a receives the three channels λ 2 -λ 4 plus any spurious wavelengths and transmits or passes therethrough only the channel λ 2 . The remaining two channels λ 3 -λ 4 and any spurious wavelengths are reflected to another optical coupling 112 b whereby they are carried to the channel filter assembly 122 a . The channel filter assembly 122 a receives the two channels λ 3 -λ 4 plus any spurious wavelengths and transmits or passes therethrough only the channel λ 3 . The remaining channel λ 4 and any spurious wavelengths are reflected to another optical coupling 112 c whereby they are carried to the channel filter assembly 123 a . The channel filter assembly 123 a receives the channel λ 4 plus any spurious wavelengths and transmits or passes therethrough only the channel λ 4 . The spurious wavelengths, if present, are reflected from the channel filter assembly 123 a and thereby lost from the system, so as not to contaminate any of the channels.

The reflection port 105 a of the first bandpass filter 102 a carries the channels λ 5 -λ 8 . This reflection port 105 a is optically coupled to a third bandpass filter 104 a , which is of a second type (i.e., type BPF-2). The bandpass filter 104 a comprises a reflection port 115 a and a transmission port 109 a . The second type, BPF-2, of bandpass filter transmits or passes therethrough the channels λ 5 -λ 8 to a transmission port and reflects other channels to a reflection port. Therefore, the transmission port 109 a carries the channels λ 5 -λ 8 whilst the reflection port 115 a carries any remaining channels or wavelengths. The reflection port 115 a of the bandpass filter 104 a is not optically coupled to any other components within the OADM 100 and serves to carry the remaining channels or wavelengths out of the apparatus 100 so that they do not contaminate any of the channels λ 1 -λ 8 . As discussed in greater detail in the following discussion, the reflection port 115 a may be utilized to upgrade an OADM in accordance with the present invention so as to accommodate additional channels.

The transmission port 109 a of the bandpass filter 104 a is optically coupled to a channel filter assembly 124 a . The channel filter assembly 124 a comprises the first in another cascaded series 151 a of channel filter assemblies 124 a , 125 a , 126 a , 127 a . The channel filter assembly 124 a transmits or passes therethrough the fifth channel λ 5 whilst reflecting other channels. The channel filter assembly 125 a transmits or passes therethrough the sixth channel λ 6 whilst reflecting other channels. The channel filter assembly 126 a transmits or passes therethrough the seventh channel λ 7 whilst reflecting other channels. The channel filter assembly 127 a transmits or passes therethrough the eighth channel λ 8 whilst reflecting other channels.

The cascaded series 151 a of optically coupled channel filter assemblies serves to separate the four channels λ 5 , λ 6 , λ 7 and λ 8 to respective unique pathways with low insertion losses for all channels. The channel filter assembly 124 a receives the four channels λ 5 -λ 8 plus any spurious wavelengths from the transmission port 109 a and transmits or passes therethrough only the channel λ 5 . The three channels λ 6 -λ 8 and any spurious wavelengths are reflected to an optical coupling 112 d whereby they are carried to the channel filter assembly 125 a . The channel filter assembly 125 a receives the three channels λ 6 -λ 8 plus any spurious wavelengths and transmits or passes therethrough only the channel λ 6 . The two channels λ 7 -λ 8 and any spurious wavelengths are reflected to another optical coupling 112 e whereby they are carried to the channel filter assembly 126 a . The channel filter assembly 126 a receives the two channels λ 7 -λ 8 plus any spurious wavelengths and transmits or passes therethrough only the channel λ 7 . The channel λ 8 and any spurious wavelengths are reflected to another optical coupling 112 f whereby they are carried to the channel filter assembly 127 a . The channel filter assembly 127 a receives the channel λ 8 plus any spurious wavelengths and transmits or passes therethrough only the channel λ 8 . The spurious wavelengths, if present, are reflected from the channel filter assembly 127 a and thereby lost from the apparatus 100 . The bandpass filter 102 a , cascaded series 150 a of channel filter assemblies, bandpass filter 104 a , cascaded series 151 a of channel filter assemblies and their associated ports and optical couplings together comprise a de-multiplexer section of the upgradeable OADM 100 .

The second bandpass filter 102 b comprises a reflection port 105 b and a transmission port 107 b . The bandpass filter 102 b operates similarly to the bandpass filter 102 a except that optical signals traverse through the transmission and reflection ports in directions that are opposite to the directions of signals traversing through respective corresponding ports of the bandpass filter 102 a . Therefore, the reflection port 105 b of the bandpass filter 102 b delivers the channels λ′ 5 -λ′ 8 to the bandpass filter 102 b whilst the transmission port 107 b delivers the channels λ′ 1 -λ′ 4 to the bandpass filter 102 b . The bandpass filter 102 b transmits the channels λ′ 1 -λ′ 4 through to the output 103 and also reflects the channels λ′ 5 -λ′ 8 to the output 103 thereby combining the channels λ′ 1 -λ′ 4 with the channels λ′ 5 -λ′ 8 .

The transmission port 107 b of the bandpass filter 102 b is optically coupled to a channel filter assembly 123 b . The channel filter assembly 123 b comprises the last in a cascaded series 150 b of channel filter assemblies 120 b , 121 b , 122 b , 123 b . The channel filter assembly 120 b transmits or passes therethrough the first channel λ′ 1 whilst reflecting other channels. The channel filter assembly 121 b transmits or passes therethrough the second channel λ′ 2 whilst reflecting other channels. The channel filter assembly 122 b transmits or passes therethrough the third channel λ′ 3 whilst reflecting other channels. The channel filter assembly 123 b transmits or passes therethrough the fourth channel λ′ 4 whilst reflecting other channels.

The cascaded series 150 b of optically coupled channel filter assemblies, comprising channel filter assemblies 120 b , 121 b , 122 b and 123 b , operates similarly to the series 150 a except that optical signals traverse through the channel filter assemblies 120 b , 121 b , 122 b and 123 b oppositely to the directions of signals traversing through the channel filter assemblies 120 a , 121 a , 122 a and 123 a , respectively. The cascaded series 150 b of optically coupled channel filter assemblies therefore serves to combine the channels λ′ 1 , λ′ 2 , λ′ 3 and λ′ 4 , received from different respective pathways, onto a common pathway.

The channel filter assembly 120 b receives the channel λ′ 1 and transmits or passes the channel λ′ 1 therethrough to an optical coupling 112 w . Any spurious wavelengths that may be delivered to the channel filter assembly 120 b along the same pathway as the channel λ′ 1 are not transmitted through the channel filter assembly 120 b to the optical coupling 112 w . The channel filter assembly 121 b receives the channel λ′ 1 from the optical coupling 112 w and reflects this channel λ′ 1 to another optical coupling 112 x . The channel filter assembly 121 b also receives the channel λ′ 2 and transmits or passes the channel λ′ 2 therethrough to the optical coupling 112 x . Any spurious wavelengths that may be delivered to the channel filter assembly 121 b along the same pathway as channel λ′ 2 are not transmitted through the channel filter assembly 121 b to the optical coupling 112 x.

The channel filter assembly 122 b receives the channels λ′ 1 and λ′ 2 from the optical coupling 112 x and reflects these two channels to another optical coupling 112 y . The channel filter assembly 122 b also receives the channel λ′ 3 and transmits or passes the channel λ′ 3 therethrough to the optical coupling 112 y . Any spurious wavelengths that may be delivered to the channel filter assembly 122 b along the same pathway as channel λ 3 are not transmitted through the channel filter assembly 122 b to the optical coupling 112 y.

The channel filter assembly 123 b receives the channels λ′ 1 , λ′ 2 and λ′ 3 from the optical coupling 112 y and reflects these three channels to the transmission port 107 b of the bandpass filter 102 b . The channel filter assembly 123 b also receives the channel λ′ 4 and transmits or passes the channel λ 4 therethrough to the transmission port 107 b . Any spurious wavelengths that may be delivered to the channel filter assembly 123 b along the same pathway as channel λ 4 are not transmitted through the channel filter assembly 123 b to the transmission port 107 b.

The reflection port 105 b of the bandpass filter 102 b carries the channels λ′ 5 -λ′ 8 to the bandpass filter 102 b . This reflection port 105 b is optically coupled to and receives the channels λ′ 5 -λ′ 8 from a fourth bandpass filter 104 b , which is of the second type, BPF-2. The bandpass filter 104 b comprises a reflection port 115 b and a transmission port 109 b . The bandpass filter 104 b transmits or passes therethrough only the channels λ′ 5 -λ′ 8 and reflects other channels or wavelengths. The reflection port 115 b of the bandpass filter 104 b is not optically coupled to any other components within the OADM 100 shown in FIG. 1 , but may be utilized when the OADM is upgraded to accommodate additional channels.

The transmission port 109 b of the bandpass filter 104 b is optically coupled to a channel filter assembly 127 b . The channel filter assembly 127 b comprises the last in a cascaded series 151 b of channel filter assemblies 124 b , 125 b , 126 b , 127 b . The channel filter assembly 124 b transmits or passes therethrough the fifth channel λ′ 5 whilst reflecting other channels. The channel filter assembly 125 b transmits or passes therethrough the sixth channel λ′ 6 whilst reflecting other channels. The channel filter assembly 126 b transmits or passes therethrough the seventh channel λ′ 7 whilst reflecting other channels. The channel filter assembly 127 b transmits or passes therethrough the eighth channel λ′ 8 whilst reflecting other channels.

The cascaded series 151 b of channel filter assemblies, comprising the channel filter assemblies 124 b , 125 b , 126 b and 127 b , operates similarly to the series 151 a except that optical signals traverse through the channel filter assemblies 124 b , 125 b , 126 b and 127 b oppositely to the directions of signals traversing through the channel filter assemblies 124 a , 125 a , 126 a and 127 a , respectively. The cascaded series 151 b of optically coupled channel filter assemblies therefore serves to combine the channels λ′ 5 , λ′ 6 , λ′ 7 and λ′ 8 , received from different respective pathways, onto a common pathway.

The channel filter assembly 124 b receives the channel λ′ 5 and transmits or passes the channel λ′ 5 therethrough to an optical coupling 112 t . Any spurious wavelengths that may be delivered to the channel filter assembly 124 b along the same pathway as channel λ′ 5 are not transmitted through the channel filter assembly 124 b to the optical coupling 112 t.

The channel filter assembly 125 b receives the channel λ′ 5 from the optical coupling 112 t and reflects this channel λ′ 5 to another optical coupling 112 u . The channel filter assembly 125 b also receives the channel λ′ 6 and transmits or passes the channel λ′ 6 therethrough to the optical coupling 112 u . Any spurious wavelengths that may be delivered to the channel filter assembly 125 b along the same pathway as channel λ′ 6 are not transmitted through the channel filter assembly 125 b to the optical coupling 1112 u.

The channel filter assembly 126 b receives the channels λ 5 and λ′ 6 from the optical coupling 112 u and reflects these two channels to another optical coupling 112 v . The channel filter assembly 126 b also receives the channel λ 7 and transmits or passes the channel λ 7 therethrough to the optical coupling 112 v . Any spurious wavelengths that may be delivered to the channel filter assembly 126 b along the same pathway as channel λ 7 are not transmitted through the channel filter assembly 126 b to the optical coupling 112 v.

The channel filter assembly 127 b receives the channels λ′ 5 , λ′ 6 and λ′ 7 from the optical coupling 112 v and reflects these three channels to the transmission port 109 b of the bandpass filter 104 b . The channel filter assembly 127 b also receives the channel λ′ 8 and transmits or passes the channel λ′ 8 therethrough to the transmission port 109 b . Any spurious wavelengths that may be delivered to the channel filter assembly 127 b along the same pathway as channel λ′ 8 are not transmitted through the channel filter assembly 127 b to the transmission port 109 b . The bandpass filter 102 b , cascaded series 150 b of channel filter assemblies, bandpass filter 104 b , cascaded series 151 b of channel filter assemblies and their associated ports and optical couplings together comprise a multiplexer section of the upgradeable OADM 100 .

The aforementioned optical couplings 112 a - f and 112 t - y may comprise any form of waveguide optical coupling, such as optical fibers or planar waveguides, or free-space optical couplings. The optical couplings, whether in waveguide or free-space forms, may also include lenses, mirrors or other bulk or micro-optical components required to direct the channels to their intended destinations and/or condition the light comprising the channels. For instance, the optical couplings may comprise optical fibers together with associated lenses to focus channels into the fibers and/or to collimate channels emanating from the fibers. Many such optical couplings will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.

Optionally, an optical switching unit or switching matrix 160 is optically coupled between the two cascaded series 150 a , 151 a and the two cascaded series 150 b , 151 b . The optical switching unit 160 serves to receive the separated channels λ 1 -λ 8 from the channel filter assemblies 120 a , 121 a , 122 a , 123 a , 124 a , 125 a , 126 a , 127 a ; to route each of the channels either to a local drop port or receiver (not shown) or else back to one of the remaining channel filter assemblies 120 b , 121 b , 122 b , 123 b , 124 b , 125 b , 126 b , 127 b and to receive or else provide replacement channels comprising the same wavelengths as the dropped channels. The optical switching unit 160 may comprise one or more optical switches comprising any one of several well-known types. The optical switching unit 160 may also comprise one or more photodetectors or receivers to convert the received optical signals into electrical signals. The optical switching unit 160 may also comprise one or more transmitters or light emitting devices to provide the new optical signals that replace the dropped signals. Alternatively, instead of or in addition to transmitters or light emitting devices, the optical switching unit 160 may comprise one or more add ports (not shown) from which it receives one or more of the channels λ′ 1 -λ′ 8 from external sources. In the context of this discussion, it is to be noted that the general channel λ′ i may denote a replacement channel with the same wavelength as but different information payload from a dropped channel λ i or else may comprise the same information payload as the channel λ i , in case this channel is not dropped but simply routed through the OADM apparatus.

Within the OADM 100 , the first bandpass filter 102 a and the third bandpass filter 104 a comprise a cascaded series of bandpass filters. Also, the second bandpass filter 102 b and the fourth bandpass filter 104 b comprise a second cascaded series of bandpass filters. The transmission port of each bandpass filter is optically coupled to a unique respective cascaded series of channel filter assemblies as previously described. The OADM 100 may be extended or upgraded so as to accommodate the throughput of additional channels or wavelengths by extending the number of filters within each cascaded series of bandpass filters. To illustrate this upgrade capability, FIG. 2 shows a second preferred embodiment of an OADM in accordance with the present invention. The OADM 200 shown in FIG. 2 comprises an extended version of the OADM 100 . In other words, the OADM 100 comprises a component of the OADM 200 , as shown in FIG. 2 . However, the OADM 200 is configured so as to add and drop channels λ′ 9 -λ′ 16 (or channels λ′ 9 -λ′ 16 ) in addition to the channels λ 1 -λ 8 .

Within the OADM 200 ( FIG. 2 ), the reflection port 115 a , which carries the channels λ 9 -λ 16 from the bandpass filter 104 a , is optically coupled to a fifth bandpass filter 106 a , which is of a third type, BPF-3. Furthermore, the reflection port 115 b , which carries the channels λ′ 9 -λ′ 16 to the bandpass filter 104 b , is optically coupled to a sixth bandpass filter 106 b , which is also of the third type. The bandpass filter 106 a comprises a transmission port 117 a optically coupled to a channel filter assembly 128 a and a reflection port 117 a optically coupled to a seventh bandpass filter 108 a , which is of a fourth type, BPF-4. The bandpass filter 106 b comprises a transmission port 111 b optically coupled to a channel filter assembly 131 b and a reflection port 117 b optically coupled to an eighth bandpass filter 108 b , which is of the fourth type.

The bandpass filters 106 a - 106 b (BPF-3) transmit or pass therethrough the channels λ 9 -λ 12 (or λ′ 9 -λ′ 12 ) and reflect other channels or wavelengths. Therefore, the channels λ 9 -λ 6 , which are received at the bandpass filter 106 a from the reflection port 115 a are separated into the channels λ 9 -λ 2 , which are directed to the transmission port 111 a and the channels λ 13 -λ 16 , which are directed to the reflection port 117 a . Furthermore, the bandpass filter 106 b receives the channels λ′ 9 -λ′ 12 from the transmission port 111 b and receives the channels λ′ 13 -λ′ 16 from the reflection port 117 b and combines these channels such that all the channels λ′ 9 -λ′ 16 are delivered to the reflection port 115 b.

The bandpass filters 108 a - 108 b (BPF-4) transmit or pass therethrough the channels λ 13 -λ 16 (or λ′ 13 -λ′ 16 ) and reflect other channels or wavelengths. The bandpass filters 108 a - 108 b comprise transmission ports 113 a - 113 b , respectively, wherein the transmission ports 113 a - 113 b are optically coupled to channel filter assembly 132 a and channel filter assembly 135 b , respectively. The bandpass filters 108 a - 108 b transmit or pass therethrough the channels λ 13 -λ 16 (or λ′ 13-λ′ 16 ) and reflect other channels or wavelengths. Therefore, only the channels λ 13 -λ 16 , which are received at the bandpass filter 108 a from the reflection port 117 a , are directed to the transmission port 113 a . Furthermore, the bandpass filter 108 b receives the channels λ′ 13 -λ′ 16 from the transmission port 113 b and passes only these channels through to the port 117 b.

The channel filter assembly 128 a comprises the first in a fifth cascaded series 152 a of channel filter assemblies 128 a , 129 a , 130 a , 131 a . Also, the channel filter assembly 131 b comprises the last in a sixth cascaded series 152 b of channel filter assemblies 128 b , 129 b , 130 b , 131 b . The channel filter assemblies 128 a - 128 b each transmit or pass therethrough the channel λ 9 (or λ′ 9 ) whilst reflecting other channels. The channel filter assemblies 129 a - 129 b each transmit or pass therethrough the channel λ 10 (or λ′ 10 ) whilst reflecting other channels. The channel filter assemblies 130 a - 130 b each transmit or pass therethrough the channel λ 11 (or λ′ 11 ) whilst reflecting other channels. The channel filter assemblies 131 a - 131 b each transmit or passes therethrough the channel λ 12 (or λ′ 12 ) whilst reflecting other channels.

The cascaded series 152 a of optically coupled channel filter assemblies 128 a , 129 a , 130 a , 131 a operates so as to separate the channels λ 9 -λ 12 to different respective pathways, this separating operation being in a fashion similar to that described in reference to the series 150 a or the series 151 a . The optical couplings 112 g - i route channels amongst the channel filter assemblies comprising the cascaded series 152 a . Also, the cascaded series 152 b of optically coupled channel filter assemblies 128 b , 129 b , 130 b , 131 b operates so as to combine the channels λ′ 9 , λ′ 10 , λ′ 11 and λ′ 12 , this combining operation being in a fashion similar to that described in reference to the series 150 b or the series 151 b . The optical couplings 112 q - s route channels amongst the channel filter assemblies comprising the cascaded series 152 b.

The channel filter assembly 132 a comprises the first in a cascaded series 153 a of channel filter assemblies 132 a , 133 a , 134 a , 135 a . Also, the channel filter assembly 135 b comprises the last in a cascaded series 153 b of channel filter assemblies 132 b , 133 b , 134 b , 135 b . The channel filter assemblies 132 a - 132 b each transmit or pass therethrough the channel λ 13 (or λ′ 13 ) whilst reflecting other channels. The channel filter assemblies 133 a - 133 b each transmit or pass therethrough the channel λ 14 (or λ′ 14 ) whilst reflecting other channels. The channel filter assemblies 134 a - 134 b each transmit or pass therethrough the channel λ 5 (or λ′ 15 ) whilst reflecting other channels. The channel filter assemblies 135 a - 135 b each transmit or passes therethrough the channel λ 16 (or λ′ 16 ) whilst reflecting other channels.

The cascaded series 153 a of optically coupled channel filter assemblies 132 a , 133 a , 134 a , 135 a operates so as to separate the channels λ 13 -λ 16 to different respective pathways, this separating operation being in a fashion similar to that described in reference to the series 150 a or the series 151 a . The optical couplings 112 j , 112 k and 112 m route channels amongst the channel filter assemblies comprising the cascaded series 153 a . Also, the cascaded series 153 b of optically coupled channel filter assemblies 132 b , 133 b , 134 b , 135 b operates so as to combine the channels λ′ 13 , λ′ 14 , λ′ 15 and λ′ 16 , this combining operation being in a fashion similar to that described in reference to the series 150 b or the series 151 b . The optical couplings 112 n - p route channels amongst the channel filter assemblies comprising the cascaded series 153 b.

The channel filter assemblies 120 a , 121 a , . . . , 135 a and 120 b , 121 b , . . . , 135 b may comprise any apparatus capable of performing the illustrated functions of transmitting a certain channel to a reflection port whilst reflecting other channels to a reflection port. FIG. 3 shows an example of a known channel filter assembly which may be used as a component within an embodiment of an OADM in accordance with the present invention. The channel filter assembly 300 shown in FIG. 3 comprises a first capillary tube 302 a (or other similar supporting or housing mechanism) comprising a hollow bore 303 a and a second capillary tube 302 b (or other similar supporting or housing mechanism) comprising a hollow bore 303 b . The hollow bore 303 a of the first capillary tube 302 a is of an appropriate diameter so as to house a first fiber 308 and a second fiber 310 . The hollow bore 303 b of the second capillary tube 302 b houses at least a third fiber 312 . The first fiber 308 and second fiber 310 are optically coupled to a first one-quarter pitch GRIN lens 304 a whilst the third fiber is optically coupled to a second one-quarter pitch GRIN lens 304 b . An optical filter 306 , which may comprise a thin-film filter, is optically coupled between the first GRIN lens 304 a and the second GRIN lens 304 b . The optical filter 306 ( FIG. 3 ) comprises a pass band width that is sufficiently narrow such that only one selected channel λ 1 is transmitted from the first GRIN lens 304 a through the filter 306 to the second GRIN lens 304 b , or from the second GRIN lens 304 b through the filter 306 to the first GRIN lens 304 a . Other channels that are not transmitted through the filter 306 are reflected at the filter 306 .

In the general operation of the channel filter assembly 300 , a composite optical signal input from the first fiber 308 and comprising the n channels λ 1 -λ n is collimated by the first quarter-pitch GRIN lens 304 a and is directed as a collimated beam to the filter 306 . It is assumed for purposes of this example that the filter 306 only transmits the single channel λ i (wherein 1<i<n). Therefore, only the channel λ 1 passes through the filter 306 to the second quarter pitch GRIN lens 304 b . This second GRIN lens 304 b focuses the light comprising the single channel λ 1 into the end of the third fiber 312 . The remaining channels λ 1 -λ i−1 and λ i+1 -λ n are reflected at the filter 306 back to the GRIN lens 304 a , from which they are focused into the end of the second fiber 310 . Thus, the third fiber 312 , comprising a transmission port, carries only the single channel λ i out of the channel filter assembly 300 whilst the second fiber 310 , comprising a reflection port, carries the remaining channels λ 1 -λ i−1 and λ i+1 -λ n out of the channel filter assembly 300 .

The choice of the channel λ i transmitted by the filter assembly 300 is determined by the pass band characteristics of the filter 306 . Thus, the channel filter assembly 300 may serve as any of the channel filter assemblies 120 a , 121 a , 122 a , . . . , 135 a in the OADM 100 or the OADM 200 . Further, it should be clear to one of ordinary skill in the art that the channels could propagate through the filter assembly 300 in the opposite direction to the pathways illustrated in FIG. 3 , with the result that that channel filter assembly 300 would then combine the channel λ i together with the other channels λ 1 -λ i−1 and λ i+1 -λ n . As a result, the channel filter assembly 300 may also serve as any of the channel filter assemblies 120 b , 121 b , 122 b , . . . , 135 b in the OADM 100 or the OADM 200 .

The OADM 200 ( FIG. 2 ) comprises an upgrade of or extension to the OADM 100 ( FIG. 1 ). Simple inspection of FIGS. 1 and 2 , taken in conjunction with the operating principles discussed, will indicate that, regardless of how an OADM in accordance with the present invention is upgraded to accommodate additional channels, no channel ever passes through—that is, transmitted through—more than two optical filters in series. Each channel passes through exactly one bandpass filter and one additional filter within a channel filter assembly and is otherwise reflected from or at any other filters it may encounter. This is important because transmission through an optical filter generally results in greater signal loss than does reflection from the same filter. Such losses are known as insertion losses. Insertion losses may result from incomplete transmission of a channel through a filter at which the channel is nominally transmitted or incomplete reflection of the channel from a filter at which the channel is nominally reflected. Each filter has an insertion loss associated with it and the total insertion loss (in logarithmic units) is the summation of the insertion loss introduced at each component. Furthermore, because transmission through an optical filter narrows the spectrum of a channel transmitted through the filter, transmission through multiple filters in succession undesirably narrows the channel's pass band.

FIG. 4 illustrates an alternative embodiment of an OADM in accordance with the present invention. The OADM 400 shown in FIG. 4 is identical to the OADM 100 shown in FIG. 1 except that there is no channel utilized between the set of channels transmitted to the transmission port 107 a and the set of channels reflected to the reflection port 105 a by the bandpass filter 102 a . Stated in another fashion, only the channels λ 1 -λ 4 and λ 6 -λ 9 are employed and the wavelength that would normally correspond to the fifth channel, λ 5 , remains unutilized for optical signal transmission. Similarly, there is no added channel λ′ 5 .

The OADM 400 may be utilized when the edges of the pass band or transmission band of the bandpass filter 102 a are insufficiently steep to provide adequate separation between the wavelengths corresponding to two adjacent channels, such as between the wavelengths corresponding to λ 4 and λ 5 (λ′ 4 and λ′ 5 ) or λ 5 and λ 6 (λ′ 5 and λ′ 6 ) In such a situation, the channel λ 5 , if utilized, would be partially transmitted by the bandpass filter 102 a to the transmission port 107 a and partially reflected to the reflection port 105 a . To avoid such an undesirable situation, the λ 5 wavelength is not utilized and the spacing between λ 4 and λ 6 is substantially double that between λ 1 and λ 2 , between λ 2 and λ 3 , etc. This relaxes the performance constraints on the filters 102 a - 102 b while still permitting a total of eight channels (λ 1 -λ 4 and λ 6 -λ 9 or λ′ 1 -λ′ 4 and λ 6 -λ′ 9 ) to be routed into and out of the OADM 400 .

An improved upgradeable OADM has been disclosed. An OADM in accordance with the present invention comprises an optical input; an optical output; a first and a second bandpass filter, comprising a first pass band, optically coupled to the optical input and the optical output, respectively; a third and a fourth bandpass filter, comprising a second pass band, optically coupled to reflection ports of the first and second bandpass filters, respectively; a first and a second cascaded series of channel filter assemblies optically coupled to the transmission ports of the first and second bandpass filters, respectively and a third and a fourth cascaded series of channel filter assemblies optically coupled to the transmission ports of the third and fourth bandpass filters, respectively. The first and third bandpass filters comprise a first cascaded series of bandpass filters. The second and fourth bandpass filters comprise a second cascaded series of bandpass filters. An OADM in accordance with the present invention may be extended or upgraded so as to accommodate the throughput of additional channels or wavelengths by extending the number of filters within each cascaded series of bandpass filters, wherein the transmission ports of the additional bandpass filters are optically coupled to respective additional cascaded series of channel filter assemblies.

Although the present invention has been disclosed in accordance with the embodiments shown, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that there could be variations to the embodiments and those variations would be within the spirit and scope of the present invention. For instance, within the OADM 100 , the positions of the bandpass filter 102 a and the series 150 a could be interchanged with those of the bandpass filter 104 a and the series 151 a , respectively, without changing the basic functionality of the apparatus. Also, the positions of the bandpass filter 102 b and the series 150 b could be interchanged with those of the bandpass filter 104 b and the series 151 b , respectively. Many other similar such positional interchanges could be performed within the OADM 200 , but, in all such cases, the resulting apparatuses would be functionally equivalent to the apparatuses described herein. Accordingly, many modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Although the present invention has been described in accordance with the embodiments shown, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that there could be variations to the embodiments and those variations would be within the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, many modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.