Method for forming pattern on substrate and method for fabricating liquid crystal display using the same

(a) Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a method of forming a pattern on a substrate and a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display panel using the same.

(b) Description of the Related Art

Generally, a liquid crystal display (LCD) includes two panels provided with electrodes, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the two panels. The electrodes generate electric field to be applied to the liquid crystal layer interposed between the panels and the LCD displays images by adjusting the field strength to control the transmittance of light passing through the panels.

Photo etching processes are performed to form various patterns on the panels of the LCD through light exposure using a stepper or an aligner.

The stepper uses a small mask suitable for its equipment characteristics and the light exposure is performed by partitioning the panel into several shots and exposing the shots to light While moving the panel to up ward and downward and right and left under the mask for the stepper. The mask for the stepper is aligned with the panel by aligning the mask with the stepper and aligning the panel with the stepper.

The aligner exposes the entire area of the panel to light with one shot using a large mask in accordance with the equipment characteristics. At that time, after a mask for the aligner is aligned with the aligner, the panel is aligned with the mask for the aligner. When the LCD is manufactured, the aligner profitable to the production line manufacturing large panels is adapted.

However, as the LCD panel to be manufactured becomes too large to use the conventional aligner, it becomes hard to expose the large LCD to light by one shot using one mask. The mask exposure is accomplished by repeating a divisional exposure. One divisional exposure unit or area is called a shot.

Since transition, rotation, distortion, and etc. are generated during light exposure, the shots are not aligned accurately. Accordingly, parasitic capacitances generated between wires and pixel electrodes differ depending on the shots, and this causes the bright difference between the shots, which is recognized at the pixels located at a boundary between the shots. Therefore, the stitch defect is generated on the screen of the LCD due to brightness discontinuity between the shots.

Thus, when a large LCD is manufactured from a large panel, the stitch defect is inevitable even though the exposure process is performed using the aligner. In particular, the exposure processes for forming the respective patterns of the LCD use respective masks which give the same shots. Accordingly, the boundaries of the shots for the respective patterns coincide to multiply generate the stitch defect of the display.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of forming patterns and a method of manufacturing an LCD panel using the same, which decrease the stitch defect.

To accomplish the object, the boundaries between the shots in the exposure processes for forming respective patterns do not overlap to be different.

Specifically, in a method of forming patterns according to an embodiment of the present invention, after a first material layer is first formed, a first pattern is formed by performing a first photo etching including divisional light exposure with at least two areas across at least one shot boundary line on the first material layer. Subsequently, after a second material layer is formed on the first pattern, a second pattern is formed by performing a second photo etching including divisional light exposure with at least too areas across at least one shot boundary line on the second material layer, the at least one shot boundary line in the second photo etching spaced apart from the at least one shot boundary line in the first photo etching.

The present invention may further includes formation of a material layer on the first and the second patterns and formation of a pattern by performing a photo etching including divisional light exposure with at least two areas across at least one shot boundary line on the material layer, the at least one shot boundary line in the photo etching spaced apart from the at least one shot boundary line in the first photo etching and the at least one shot boundary line in the second photo etching. The formation of a material layer and the formation of a pattern may be repeated to form a plurality of patterns.

In a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display panel according to another embodiment of the present invention, after a first metal layer is first formed on a substrate, a gate wire including a gate line and a gate electrode is formed by performing a first photo etching including divisional light exposure with at least two areas across at least one first shot boundary line on the first metal layer. Subsequently, a gate insulating film is formed on the gate wire. After forming a semiconductor layer on the gate insulating layer, a semiconductor pattern is formed by performing a second photo etching including divisional light exposure with at least two areas across at least one second shot boundary line on the semiconductor layer, the at least one second shot boundary line spaced apart from the at least one first shot boundary line. Next, after a second metal layer is formed on the gate insulating film and the semiconductor pattern, a data wire including a data line, source and drain electrodes is formed by performing a third photo etching including divisional light exposure with at least two areas across at least one third shot boundary line on the second metal layer, the at least one third shot boundary line spaced apart from the at least one first and second boundary lines. After forming a passivation film on the semiconductor pattern and the data wires, a contact hole exposing the drain electrode is formed by performing a fourth photo etching including divisional light exposure with at least two areas across at least one fourth shot boundary line on the passivation film; the at least one fourth shot boundary line spaced apart from the at least one first to third boundary lines. Subsequently, after a transparent conductive layer is formed on the passivation film and the drain electrode and forming a pixel electrode connected to the drain electrode is formed by performing a fifth photo etching including divisional light exposure with at least two areas across at least one fifth shot boundary line on the transparent conductive layer, the at least one fifth shot boundary line spaced apart from the at least one first to fourth boundary lines.

Each of the first to the fifth photo etching may be performed by using one mask. The mask may include a first mask pattern defining an exposure area at a central portion of the substrate, and second and third mask patterns defining exposure areas at a left portion and a right portion, respectively. According to an embodiment of the present invention, widths of at least two of the first to the third mask patterns on at least two of the masks are different. According to another embodiment of the present invention, the number of shots in the light exposure using the first mask pattern for at least two of the first to the fifth photo etchings is different. According to another embodiment of the present invention, at least one of the first to the third mask patterns in at least two of the masks has at least two sub mask patterns.

A black matrix is preferably formed by forming a material layer for a black matrix on an opposite substrate facing the substrate and then performing a sixth photo etching including divisional light exposure with at least two areas across at least one sixth shot boundary line on the material layer for a black matrix, the at least one sixth shot boundary line spaced apart from the at least one first to fifth boundary lines.

A common electrode is preferably formed by forming a transparent conductor layer on an opposite substrate facing the substrate and then performing a sixth photo etching including divisional light exposure with at least two areas across at least one sixth shot boundary line on the transparent conductor layer, the at least one sixth shot boundary line spaced apart from the at least one first to fifth boundary lines.

FIGS. 1A to 1E are layout views of an LCD panel showing shot boundaries between partitioned areas for respective layers of patterns in a manufacturing method thereof according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an LCD panel showing all boundary lines between partitioned areas in a manufacturing method thereof according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an LCD panel;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a first mask used in an exposure process for a method of manufacturing an LCD according to third, fourth, and fifth embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a second mask used in an exposure process for a method of manufacturing an LCD according to the third embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an LCD panel, which shows boundary lines between exposure areas through the first and the second masks in an exposure process for a method of manufacturing an LCD according to the third embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a third mask used in an exposure process for a method of manufacturing an LCD according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an LCD panel, which shows boundary lines between exposure areas through the first and the third masks in an exposure process for a method of manufacturing an LCD according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a fourth mask used in an exposure process for a method of manufacturing an LCD according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an LCD panel, which shows boundary lines between exposure areas through the first and the fourth masks in an exposure process for a method of manufacturing an LCD according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIGS. 1A to 1E are layout views of an LCD panel showing shot boundaries between partitioned areas for respective layers of patterns in a manufacturing method thereof according to a first embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment performs five exposure processes for forming the layers of patterns.

As shown in FIG. 1A , a gate metal layer is deposited on an insulating substrate 10 , and is patterned by a first photo etching step to form a gate wire including a plurality of gate lines 22 , a plurality of gate pads 24 , and a plurality of gate electrodes 26 .

In the first photo etching step, a photoresist film is applied on the entire surface of the gate metal layer and is subject to divisional light exposure with at least too shots using a gate mask. The position of a shot boundary line S 1 between partitioned areas is determined in accordance with sizes of the partitioned areas exposed to light at respective shots.

The gate wire 22 , 24 and 26 in the respective partitioned exposure areas s 11 and s 12 adjacent to each other across the boundary line S 1 may not match each other to cause high probability of misalignment errors. This is due to the misalignment of the two shots.

As shown in FIG. 1B , a gate insulating film (not shown) is deposited on the insulating substrate 10 with the gate wires 22 , 24 and 26 . Thereafter, an amorphous silicon layer is deposited on the gate insulating film, and is patterned by a second photo etching step to form a plurality of semiconductor patterns 42 .

In the second photo etching step, a photoresist film coated on the entire surface of the substrate is subject to divisional light exposure with at least two shots using a semiconductor pattern mask. At this time, a shot boundary line S 2 for the semiconductor patterns does not overlap the shot boundary line S 1 for the gate wire.

The semiconductor patterns 42 in the respective partitioned exposure areas s 21 and s 22 adjacent to each other across the boundary line S 2 may not match each other to cause high probability of misalignment errors. Furthermore, coupling capacitances generated between the semiconductor patterns 42 and the gate lines 22 in the respective partitioned exposure areas s 21 and s 22 across the boundary line S 2 are probably different.

As shown FIG. 1C , a data metal layer is deposited on the substrate with the semiconductor pattern 42 and is patterned by a third photo etching step to form a data wire including a plurality of data lines 62 , a plurality of data pads 64 , a plurality of source electrodes 65 , and a plurality of drain electrodes 66 .

In the third photo etching step, a photoresist film coated on the entire surface of the substrate is subject to divisional light exposure with at least two shots using a data mask. At this time, a boundary line S 3 for the data wire does not overlap the shot boundary line S 1 for the gate wire and the shot boundary line S 2 for the semiconductor pattern.

The data wires 62 , 64 , 65 and 66 in the respective partitioned exposure areas s 31 and s 32 adjacent to each other across the boundary line S 3 may not match each other to cause high probability of misalignment errors. Furthermore, coupling capacitances generated between the data lines 62 and the gate lines 22 and the gate electrodes 26 and generated between the data lines 62 and the semiconductor patterns 42 in the respective partitioned exposure areas s 31 and s 32 across the boundary line S 3 are probably different.

As shown FIG. 1D , a passivation film (not shown) is deposited on the substrate with the data wires 62 , 64 , 65 and 66 , and the passivation film and the gate insulating film are patterned by a fourth photo etching step to form a plurality of contact holes 72 , 74 and 76 exposing the drain electrodes 66 , the data pads 64 and the gate pads 24 , respectively.

In the fourth photo etching step, a photoresist film coated on the entire surface of the substrate is subject to divisional light exposure with at least two shots using a contact hole mask. At this time, a shot boundary line S 4 for the contact holes does not to overlap the shot boundary line S 1 for the gate wire, the shot boundary line S 2 for the semiconductor patterns, and the shot boundary line S 3 for the data wire. The patterns of the contact holes 72 , 74 , and 76 in the respective partitioned exposure areas s 41 and s 42 adjacent to each other across the boundary line S 4 may not match each other to cause high probability of misalignment errors.

As shown FIG. 1E , a pixel conductive layer is deposited on the substrate with the contact holes 72 , 74 and 76 , and is patterned by a fifth photo etching step to form a pixel wire including a plurality of pixel electrodes 82 , a plurality of auxiliary data pads 84 , and a plurality of auxiliary gate pads 86 .

In the fifth photo etching step, a photoresist film coated on the entire surface of the substrate is subject to divisional light exposure with at least two shots using a pixel mask. At this time, a shot boundary line S 5 for the pixel wire does not overlap the shoot boundary line S 1 for the gate wire, the shot boundary line S 2 for the semiconductor patterns, the shot boundary line S 3 for the data wire, and the shoot boundary line S 4 for the contact holes.

The patterns of the pixel wire 82 , 84 and 86 in the respective partitioned exposure areas s 51 and s 52 adjacent to each other across the boundary line S 5 may not match each other to cause a high probability of misalignment errors.

According to the first embodiment of the present invention, stitch errors are dispersed over the entire display area by dispersing the shot boundary lines in the exposure processes for forming the respective patterns not to overlap each other. Therefore, image degradation due to the concentration of the stitch defects is prevented.

The method of manufacturing an LCD according to the first embodiment of the present invention described above includes exemplary five photo etching steps. However, the dispersion of the shot boundary lines in the exposure processes for forming the respective patterns may be adapted to the photo etching steps for forming any pattern. For example, a boundary line between the shots in a photo etching process for forming a black matrix on an upper substrate of an LCD does not overlap the shot boundary lines in the lower substrate. The technique may be adapted to a step for forming cutouts in a common electrode of the upper panel in order to obtain wide viewing angle in a vertically-aligned type LCD having liquid crystal molecules aligned perpendicular to the panels.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an LCD panel showing boundary lines between partitioned areas for all patterns in a manufacturing method thereof according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

When an LCD panel 100 is subject to divisional exposure, the shot boundary lines S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , S 4 and S 5 formed for respective patterns do not overlap each other.

Accordingly, the embodiments of the present invention minimize the deterioration of image quality by dispersing stitch errors over the entire display area such that the shot boundary lines in the exposure processes for forming the respective patterns do not to overlap each other.

Furthermore, a plurality of mask patterns may be formed on one mask and the size of the exposure area is defined by the mask patterns.

As shown in FIG. 3 , an LCD has a display area 200 occupying most area of the LCD panel 100 , and a gate driving circuit area 300 and a data driving circuit area are located on the left side and on the upper side of the display area 200 , respectively.

A plurality of pixel areas having the same pattern are arranged in a matrix on the display area 200 , and a plurality of circuit patterns having the same pattern are repeatedly arranged on the gate driving area 300 and the data driving circuit area 400 .

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the exposure areas in the exposure processes are determined by the above-described patterns of the LCD.

Referring to FIG. 3 , in manufacturing methods of an LCD according to third to fifth preferred embodiments of the present invention, the substrate for the LCD is partitioned into a central portion I, a left portion II, and a right portion III, which are subject to the light exposing processes using different mask patterns. For the central portion I having the same patterns repeatedly formed, a light exposing process includes a plurality of repeatedly-performed shots using a mask pattern having a width smaller than that of the central portion I. However, for the left portion II and the right portion III, each light exposing process includes only one shot made by using a mask pattern having a width equal to that of the mask pattern. The sizes of the central portion I, the left portion II, and the right portion III are appropriately determined by light exposing conditions in the light exposing processes.

The mask patterns for forming the patterns on the central portion I, the left portion II, and the right portion III of the LCD panel are provided on one mask, and thereby the light exposing processes for the large-sized LCD panel 100 are performed using one mask.

FIGS. 4 , 5 and 6 illustrate light exposing processes for manufacturing an LCD panel according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 4 and 5 are schematic diagrams of first and second masks for exposure processes for manufacturing an LCD, respectively, and FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an LCD panel, which shows exposure area s defined by the first and the second masks respectively shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 .

Light exposing processes in an exemplary method of manufacturing an LCD panel according to the third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 6 .

For convenience of description, the exemplary method forms two layers of patterns on one substrate 10 to manufacture one LCD panel 100 .

This embodiment determines the widths of the mask patterns such that the number of the shots for the respective layers is equal to each other to disperse the shot boundary lines.

A first mask MA for a first layer shown in FIG. 4 has first to third mask patterns A 1 , A 2 and A 3 respectively used for the central portion I, the left portion II, and the right portion III of the LCD panel 100 .

The widths of the respective mask patterns A 1 , A 2 and A 3 are preferably determined such that the width of the LCD panel except for second and third exposure areas a 2 and a 3 defined by the second and the third mask patterns A 2 and A 3 is equal to multiples of that of the first exposure area a 1 defined by the first mask pattern A 1 . In this embodiment, the widths of the respective mask patterns are determined such that three first exposure areas a 1 are formed.

When the substrate 10 is exposed to light using the first mask MA, one second exposure area a 2 , and one third exposure area a 3 are formed while three first exposure areas a 1 are formed as shown in FIG. 6 . Solid lines represent the boundary lines between the exposure areas formed by using the first mask MA.

A second mask MB for a second layer shown in FIG. 5 has first to third mask patterns B 1 , B 2 and B 3 respectively used for the central portion 1 , the left portion II, and the right portion III of the LCD panel 100 .

The widths of the respective mask patterns B 1 , B 2 and B 3 are preferably determined such that the width of the LCD panel 100 except for second and third exposure areas b 2 and b 3 defined by the second and the third mask patterns B 2 and B 3 is equal to multiples of that of the first exposure area b 1 defined by the first mask pattern B 1 .

In this embodiment, the widths of the respective mask patterns are determined such that three first exposure areas a 1 are formed.

The widths of the first to the third mask patterns B 1 , B 2 and B 3 in the second mask MB and the widths of the first to the third mask patterns A 1 , A 2 , and A 3 in the first mask MA are adequately determined such that the number of the shots for the respective layers is equal to each other to disperse the shot boundary lines.

For example, the widths of the mask patterns A 1 , A 2 and A 3 ; B 1 , B 2 and B 3 in the first and the second masks MA and MB are determined such that the widths of the mask patterns A 1 , A 2 and A 3 in the first mask MA are smaller than, equal to, or larger than the widths of the mask pattern B 1 , B 2 , and B 3 in the second mask MA. It is apparent that the widths of the mask patterns A 1 , A 2 and A 3 in the first mask MA cannot be equal to the widths of the mask patterns B 1 , B 2 and B 3 in the second mask MB, respectively.

In this embodiment, the width of the first mask pattern B 1 in the second mask MB is larger than that of the first mask pattern A 1 of the first mask MA while the widths of the second and the third mask patterns B 2 and B 3 are smaller than the widths of the second and the third mask patterns A 2 and A 3 in the first mask MA, respectively.

When the substrate 10 is exposed to light using the second mask MB, one second exposure area b 2 , and one third exposure area b 3 are formed while three first exposure areas b 1 are formed as shown in FIG. 6 . Dotted lines represent the boundary lines between the exposure areas formed by using the second mask MB.

The number of the shots to be made on the substrate 10 by using the second mask MB is equal to that by using the first mask MA.

However, since the widths of the first to the third mask patterns B 1 , B 2 , and B 3 in the second mask MB are different from the widths of the first to the third mask patterns A 1 , A 2 , and A 3 in the first mask MA, the boundary lines between the exposure areas may be dispersed even if the light exposing processes are made by using the respective masks with the same number.

Although the above example is described to form two layers of patterns for convenience of description, the present invention is also suitable for the light exposing processes for forming three layers of patterns. To summarize, the third embodiment of the present invention differentiates the widths of mask patterns such that the shot boundary lines in the respective light exposing processes for different layers of patterns do not match each other.

FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate light exposing processes for manufacturing an LCD panel according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a third mask for the exposure processes for manufacturing the LCD, and FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an LCD panel, which shows exposure areas defined by the first and the third masks respectively shown in FIGS. 4 and 7 .

Light exposing processes in an exemplary method of manufacturing an LCD panel according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the FIGS. 3 , 4 , 7 and 8 .

For convenience of description, the exemplary method forms two layers of patterns on one substrate 10 to manufacture one LCD panel 100 .

This embodiment determines the widths of the mask patterns such that the number of the shots for the respective layers is equal to each other to disperse the shot boundary lines.

It has been already described that a first layer of patterns is formed by using the first mask MA in the third embodiment of the present invention. Solid no lines represent exposure areas a 1 , a 2 , and a 3 of the substrate 10 formed by using the first mask MA.

The third mask MC shown in FIG. 7 is used for forming a second layer of patterns. The third mask MC has first to third mask patterns C 1 , C 2 , and C 3 respectively used for the central portion I, the left portion II, and the right portion III of the LCD panel 100 .

The widths of the respective mask patterns C 1 , C 2 and C 3 are preferably determined such that the width of the LCD panel 100 except for second and third exposure areas c 2 and c 3 defined by the second and the third mask patterns C 2 and C 3 is equal to multiples of that of the first exposure area cl defined by the first mask pattern C 1 . In this embodiment, the widths of the respective mask patterns are determined such that four first exposure areas c 1 are formed.

The widths of the first to the third mask patterns C 1 , C 2 and C 3 in the third mask MC are different from the widths of the first to the third mask patterns A 1 , A 2 and A 3 in the first mask MA.

In this embodiment, the width of the first mask pattern C 1 in the mask MC is smaller than the width of the first mask pattern A 1 in the first mask MA.

As shown in FIG. 8 , ashen the substrate 10 is exposed to light using the third mask MC, one second exposure area c 2 , and one third exposure area c 3 are formed while four first exposure areas c 1 are formed. Dotted lines represent the boundary lines between the exposure areas formed by using the third mask MC.

The number of the shots to be made by using the third mask MC differs from that by using the first mask MA. Since the widths of the first to the third mask patterns C 1 , C 2 and C 3 in the third mask MC differ from the widths of the first to the third mask patterns A 1 , A 2 and A 3 in the first mask MA, the shot boundary lines are dispersed.

Although the above example is described to form two layers of patterns for convenience of description, the present invention is also suitable for the light exposing processes for forming three layers of patterns. To summarize, the fourth embodiment of the present invention differentiates the widths of mask patterns such that the shot boundary lines in the respective light exposing processes for different layers of patterns do not match each other.

FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate light exposing processes for manufacturing an LCD panel according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a fourth mask for the exposure processes for manufacturing the LCD, and FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an LCD panel, which shows exposure areas defined by the first and the fourth masks respectively shown in FIGS. 4 and 9 .

Light exposing processes in an exemplary method of manufacturing an LCD panel according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the FIGS. 3 , 4 , 9 and 10 .

For convenience of description, the exemplary method forms two layers of patterns on one substrate 10 to manufacture one LCD panel 100 .

This embodiment differentiates the number of mask patterns provided on different masks to disperse shot boundary lines.

It has been already described that a first layer of patterns is formed by using the first mask MA in the third embodiment of the present invention. Solid lines represent exposure areas a 1 , a 2 , and a 3 of the substrate 10 formed by using the first mask MA.

The fourth mask MD shown in FIG. 9 is used for forming a second layer of patterns. The fourth mask MD has a first mask pattern D 1 used for the central portion I, a first type second mask pattern D 21 and a second type second mask pattern D 22 used for the left portion II, and a third mask pattern D 3 used for the right portion III of the LCD. The mask pattern of the fourth mask pattern MD used for exposing the left portion II to light is partitioned into two sub mask patterns D 21 and D 22 .

At that time, the widths of the respective mask patterns D 1 , D 21 , D 22 and D 3 are preferably determined such that the width of the LCD panel 100 except for first and second type second exposure areas d 21 and d 22 and a third exposure area d 3 defined by the first and second type second mask pattern D 21 and D 22 and the third mask pattern D 3 is equal to multiples of that of the first exposure area d 1 defined by the first mask pattern D 1 . In this embodiment, the widths of the respective mask patterns are determined such that four first exposure areas d 1 are formed.

As shown in FIG. 10 , when the substrate 10 is exposed to light using the fourth mask MD, one first type second exposure area d 21 , one second type second exposure area d 22 , and one third exposure area d 3 are formed while four first exposure areas d 1 are formed. Dotted lines represent the boundary lines between the exposure areas formed by using the fourth mask MD.

The number of the shots to be made by using the fourth mask MD differs from that by using the first mask MA. Since the number of the mask patterns of the fourth mask MD differ from that of the first mask MA, the shot boundary lines are dispersed.

Although the above example is described to form two layers of patterns for convenience of description, the present invention is also suitable for the light exposing processes for forming three layers of patterns. To summarize, the fifth embodiment of the present invention differentiates the number of mask patterns such that the number of the shots and the shot boundary lines in the respective light exposing processes for different layers of patterns do not match each other.

The fifth embodiment of the present invention provides the two sub mask patterns on portions where the mask patterns for exposing the left portion II to light are positioned. However, the number of the sub mask patterns according to the present invention is not limited. A plurality of the sub mask patterns may be formed at positions where the mask patterns for the light exposure of the central portion I or the right portion III are positioned.

The dispersion of the shot boundary lines in the exposure processes for forming the respective layers of patterns may be adapted to the photo etching steps for forming any pattern. For example, a boundary line between the shots in a photo etching process for forming a black matrix on an upper substrate of an LCD does not overlap the shot boundary lines in the lower substrate. The present invention may be adapted to a step for forming cutouts in a common electrode of the upper panel in order to obtain wide viewing angle in a vertically-aligned type multi-domain LCD having liquid crystal molecules aligned perpendicular to the panels.

As described above, the present invention prevents the overlapping of the shot boundaries between the exposure areas for the respective layers of patterns in photo etching processes. Therefore, image quality is improved by reducing stitch defect due to the overlapping of the shot boundaries.