USPatent applicationPatented

Alpha-beta Ti-Ai-V-Mo-Fe alloy

Granted 7 Sep 2004 · 2 office actions

Life of the application

11 dated events
⤢ drag to zoom20022004200620082010201220142016201820202022ProsecutionOwnershipTerm & fees
ProsecutionOwnershipTerm & feeshover for detail · click to open

Abstract

High strength alpha-beta alloy comprising essentially Al: 4.5-5.5%, V: 3.0-5.0%, Mo: 0.3-1.8%, Fe: 0.2-1.2%, oxygen 0.12-0.25% Ti: balance. All other incidental elements should be less than 0.1% for each element and less than 0.5% in total. The alloy possesses improved machinability and ballistic performance compared to Ti-6Al-4V.

Description

7 parts
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
›BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a high strength alpha-beta alloy having an improved combination of strength, machinability and ballistic properties.

Titanium base alloys are used in applications requiring high strength-to-weight ratios, along with elevated temperature properties and corrosion resistance. These alloys may be characterized as alpha phase alloys, beta phase alloys, or alpha-beta alloys. The alpha-beta alloys contain one or more alpha stabilizing elements and one or more beta stabilizing elements. These alloys can be strengthened by heat treatment or thermo-mechanical processing. Specifically, the alloys may be strengthened by rapid cooling from a high temperature in the alpha-beta range or above the beta transus temperature. This procedure, known as solution treatment, is followed by an intermediate-temperature treatment, termed aging, to result in a desired mixture of alpha and transformed beta phases as the principle phases in the microstructure of the alloy.

It is desirable to use these alloys in applications requiring a combination of high strength, good machinability and ballistic properties.

It is accordingly an object of the present invention to provide an alpha-beta titanium-based alloy having this desired combination of properties.

›SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Alpha-beta titanium alloy, comprising:

Al: 4.5 to 5.5 wt %

V: 3.0 to 5.0 wt % (preferably 3.7 to 4.7 wt %)

Mo: 0.3 to 1.8 wt %

Fe: 0.2 to 1.2 wt % (preferably 0.2 to 0.8 wt %)

O: 0.12 to 0.25 wt % (preferably 0.15 to 0.22 wt %)

Balance titanium and incidental elements and impurities with each being less than 0.1 wt % and 0.5 wt % total.

The alloys in accordance with the invention have aluminum as an essential element within the composition limits of the invention. If aluminum is lower than 4.5%, sufficient strength will not be obtained. Likewise, if aluminum is higher than 5.5%, machinability will be inferior.

Vanadium is an essential element as a beta stabilizer in the alpha-beta titanium alloys in accordance with the invention. If vanadium is less than 3.0%, sufficient strength will not be obtained. Likewise, if vanadium is higher than 5.0%, the beta-stabilizer content of the alloy will be too high resulting in degradation of machinability.

Iron is present as an effective and less expensive beta stabilizing element. Normally, approximately 0.1% iron results from the sponge titanium and other recycle materials used in the production of the alloy in accordance with the invention. Otherwise, iron may be added as steel or as ferro-molybdenum master alloy since the alloy of the invention has molybdenum as an essential element. If iron is higher than about 1.2%, machinability will be adversely affected.

Molybdenum is an effective element to stabilize the beta phase, as well as providing for grain refinement of the microstructure. If molybdenum is less than 0.3%, its desired effects will not be obtained. Likewise, if molybdenum is higher than 1.8%, machinability will be degraded.

Oxygen is a strengthening element in titanium and its alloys. If oxygen is lower than 0.12%, sufficient strength will not be obtained, and if oxygen is higher than 0.25%, brittleness will occur and machinability will be deteriorated.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION AND SPECIFIC EXAMPLES
›Examples3
›EXAMPLE 1

Ten 8 inch diameter ingots including Ti-6Al-4V were made with double VAR (Vacuum Arc Remelting) methods in a laboratory scale. The chemical compositions of these ingots are shown in Table 1. In the table, alloys A, B, C and E are invented alloys. Alloys D and F through J are controlled alloys. Alloy J is Ti-6Al-4V, which is the most common alpha-beta alloy. These ingots were forged and rolled to ¾″ square bars or ¾″ thick plates with alpha-beta processing. A part of the materials was mill annealed at 1300F for 1 hour followed by air cooling in order to examine basic characteristics of each alloy. In addition, solution treatment and aging (STA) was carried out for each bar, and then mechanical properties were evaluated to examine the hardenability of the alloys.

Table 2 shows tensile properties of the alloys after mill anneal. Alloys A, B, C and E show equivalent strength (UTS or 0.2% PS) to Ti-6Al-4V. Ductility (EI and RA) of A, B, C and E are better than that of Ti-6Al-4V. Table 3 shows tensile properties of experimental alloys after STA together with Ti-6Al-4V. Alloys A, B and C show higher strength (UTS or 0.2% PS) than that of Ti-6Al-4V by at least 10 ksi. The higher strength after STA is due primarily to the improved hardenability by addition of Mo and/or Fe. However, if Mo and/or Fe content is too high, ductility becomes low as seen in alloys G, H, and I.

EI=elongation

RA=reduction in area

UTS=ultimate tensile strength

0.2% PS=0.2% proof (yield) strength

›EXAMPLE 2

Mill annealed plates with the thickness of ¾″ were machined to ⅝″ thickness plates. Drill test was performed on these plates in order to evaluate the machinability of the alloys. High Speed Steel Drills (AISI M42) were used for the test. The following are the conditions of the drill test.

Diameter of Drill: ¼″

Depth of Hole: ⅝″ through hole

Feed: 0.0075″/rev.

Rotational Speed: 500 RPM

Coolant: Water soluble coolant

Drill life was determined when the drill could not drill any holes due to the damage of its tip. The results of the drill tests are set forth in Table 4. Relative drill index in Table 4 is an average of 2 to 3 tests. The drill test was terminated when its relative index became higher than about 4.0. The drill test indicated that the invention alloys possess significantly superior machinability than Ti-6Al-4V and other alloys outside of the chemical composition of the alloy of the present invention. Inferior machinability of Alloy F is due to high content of oxygen.

›EXAMPLE 3

A plate with a thickness of approximately 0.43″ was produced by alpha-beta processing starting from a laboratory 8 inch diameter ingot. This plate was mill annealed followed by pickling. A 50-caliber FSP (Fragment Simulating Projectile) was used as a projectile. A V 50 , which is a velocity of projectile that gives a 50% chance of complete penetration, was determined for each plate and compared with the specification. The results are shown in Table 5. The ΔV 50 in the table indicates the difference of V 50 between measured value and specification. Therefore, a positive number indicates superiority against the specification. As shown in the table, alloy K exhibits a superior ballistic property to Ti-6Al-4V.

Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.

›Tables in the description — 5
TABLE 1 — Chemical Composition of Alloys (weight % except H with ppm))
AlloyAlloyAlVMoFeSiONote
ATi-5A1-4V-1Mo-0.6Fe4.943.970.990.570.030.19Invention
BTi-5Al-4V-0.5Mo-0.4Fe4.953.960.510.380.030.18Invention
CTi-5Al-4V-0.5Mo-0.4Fe-0.08Si4.953.980.500.390.070.18Invention
DTi-5Al-4V-0.5Mo-0.4Fe-0.35Si4.934.020.510.390.300.17Comparison
ETi-5Al-4V-1.5Mo-1Fe4.843.951.52.0990.030.16Invention
FTi-4Al-4V-1.5Mo-1Fe3.943.951.510.980.030.22Comparison
GTi-4Al-4V-2Mo-1.3Fe3.923.912.011.260.030.19Comparison
HTi-4Al-4Mo0.5Si3.95<.0013.880.200.470.21Comparison
ITi-4Al-2Mo-1.3Fe-0.5Si3.90<.0012.031.280.450.19Comparison
JTi-6Al-4V5.964.060.020.030.020.17Comparison
TABLE 2 — Tensile Properties of Mill Annealed Bars
UTS0.2% PSElRA
Alloy(ksi)(ksi)(%)(%)
A147.6145.61757.9
B144.2142.11753.7
C146.4138.01752.1
D151.8143.91342.0
E153.3147.01556.0
F152.6144.51756.1
G153.2146.91754.0
H154.9146.61541.6
I154.4146.41540.7
J146.7134.21544.3
TABLE 3 — Tensile Properties of Solution Treat and Aged Bars
UTS0.2% PSElRA
Alloy(ksi)(ksi)(%)(%)
A181.9170.21349.8
B170.0159.71351.3
C169.4153.31757.2
D180.4165.31348.6
E194.1183.51240.4
F189.5172.81240.5
G195.5185.01035.2
H203.4186.81032.1
I187.5169.4932.1
J159.0144.51553.3
TABLE 4 — Results of Drill Test
AlloyAlloy TypeRelative Drill IndexRemarks
ATi-5Al-4V-1Mo-0.6Fe-0.19 Oxygen>4.3Invention
BTi-5Al-4V-0.5Mo-0.4Fe-0.18 Oxygen>4.2Invention
DTi-5Al-4V-0.5Mo-0.4Fe-0.35Si-0.17 Oxygen>4.3Invention
ETi-5Al-4V-1.5Mo-1Fe-0.16 Oxygen>4.0Invention
FTi-4Al-4V-1.5Mo-1Fe-0.22 Oxygen0.2Comparison
GTi-4Al-2Mo-1.3Fe-0.19 Oxygen1.5Comparison
HTi-4Al-4Mo-0.5Si-0.21 Oxygen1.8Comparison
ITi-4Al-2Mo-1.3Fe-0.5Si-0.19 Oxygen0.2Comparison
JTi-6Al-4V-0.17 Oxygen1.0Comparison
TABLE 5 — Results of Ballistic Properties
AlloyAlVMoFeOΔV 50 (FSP)Remarks
K4.944.090.5380.3710.171237Invention
Ti-6Al-−323Comparison
4V

Claims as granted

5 claims

Log in to read the claims of this application.

Log in to unlock

Classifications

5 codes
IPC · International Patent Classification
Section C — Chemistry; metallurgy
  • C22C/
  • C22C14/00
USPC · US Patent Classification
148/421420/420420/421

Claim changes

Soon
Coming soonHow the claims changed between publication and grant

See which claims were amended, added or cancelled during examination, with every added and removed word marked.

AmendedAddedCancelledUnchanged

The published claims of this application are not paired with the granted ones in what we hold.

File wrapper

⤢ drag to zoomApr 2002Jul 2002Oct 2002Jan 2003Apr 2003Jul 2003Oct 2003Jan 2004Apr 2004Jul 2004Oct 2004USPTOApplicantNon-final rejectionResponse after non-finalFinal rejectionResponse after final
USPTOApplicanthover for detail · click to open
Pendency
2.3 y
852 days filing → grant
Office actions
2
non-final + final
Responses
2
no RCE
Examiner
George Wyszomierski
art unit 1742 · TC 1700
Citations: 10 back · 39 forward

See the full prosecution history — every USPTO and applicant action on this file, in order.

Log in to unlock

Documents

Log in to open the documents of this file: the application as filed, every office action and response, the notice of allowance.

Log in to unlock

Chain of title

⤢ drag to zoom20022004200620082010201220142016201820202022Owner 1liens, releases & corrections
TitleLienhover for detail · click to open

See the full assignment history — every owner this patent has passed through, with recordation dates and reel/frame numbers.

Log in to unlock