Inventor

John L. Melanson

Inventor

Austin, TX, US

Overview

1978–2021

Patent span

Electricity

Primary field (CPC H)

Patents· 476 as inventor

Public. Assignee & technology derived from the patent record. Each patent links to its LexDana page.

H03Mprimary

H03MCoding16%

Y02BClimate change mitigation technologies related to buildings, e.g. housing, house appliances or related end-user applications10%

H05BElectric heating10%

H02MApparatus for conversion between ac and ac, between ac and dc, or between dc and dc, and for use with mains or similar power supply systems10%

H03FAmplifiers9%

H04RLoudspeakers, microphones, gramophone pick-ups or like acoustic electromechanical transducers9%

H03KPulse technique4%

H03GControl of amplification3%

G01RMeasuring electric variables3%

G10LSpeech analysis techniques or speech synthesis3%

PatentTitleYear

11,119,138Capacitive sensor including compensation for phase shift2021 11,050,433Using a tracking switched-mode power supply to increase efficiency of a current digital-to-analog converter-based output stage2021 11,047,890Minimizing phase mismatch and offset sensitivity in a dual-path system2021 11,043,959Current digital-to-analog converter with warming of digital-to-analog converter elements2021 11,003,200Closed loop junction temperature regulation2021 10,950,245Generating prompts for user vocalisation for biometric speaker recognition2021 10,945,074Low-latency compensating audio filters using negative group delay2021 10,917,013Augmented multi-stage boost converter2021 10,873,811Low-latency audio output with variable group delay2020 10,848,061Switching power converter2020 10,840,940Suppression of noise of delta-sigma modulators2020 10,840,891Low power digital interpolation/decimation apparatus and method2020 10,828,672Driver circuitry2020 10,819,328PWM modulator having quantizer with controllable analog gain and calibratable for multi-non-ideal gain-affecting characteristics2020 10,812,024System with multiple signal loops and switched mode converter2020 10,785,568Reducing audio artifacts in a system for enhancing dynamic range of audio signal path2020 10,764,681Low-latency audio output with variable group delay2020 10,763,811Gain control in a class-D open-loop amplifier2020 10,756,689Dynamic limiting when driving high capacitive loads2020 10,726,849Speaker recognition with assessment of audio frame contribution2020 10,720,138SDR-based adaptive noise cancellation (ANC) system2020 10,720,888Systems and methods for dynamic range enhancement using an open-loop modulator in parallel with a closed-loop modulator2020 10,701,486Low-latency audio output with variable group delay2020 10,681,458Techniques for howling detection2020 10,674,296Microphone bias apparatus and method2020 10,659,029Chopped triangular wave PWM quantizer2020 10,651,801Closed-loop digital compensation scheme2020 10,649,015Capacitive sensor including compensation for phase shift2020 10,651,800Boosted amplifier with current limiting2020 10,644,661Variable output resistance in a playback path with open-loop pulse-width modulation driver2020 10,645,495Digital microphones2020 10,637,423Tracking and correcting gain of open-loop driver in a multi-path processing system2020 10,581,322Charge pump input current limiter2020 10,571,484Systems and methods for determining acceleration based on phase demodulation of an electrical signal2020 10,566,989Multi-path analog system with multi-mode high-pass filter2020 10,505,454Cross regulation reduction in single inductor multiple output (SIMO) switching DC-DC converters2019 10,483,924Systems and methods for predictive switching in audio amplifiers2019 10,476,455Apparatus and method of suppressing transient noise during transition for class-D amplifier system having one or more pulse width modulator output paths2019 10,460,819Noise reduction in voltage reference signal2019 10,461,640Switching power converter2019 10,401,886Systems and methods for providing an auto-calibrated voltage reference2019 10,404,248Calibration of a dual-path pulse width modulation system2019 10,375,475Systems and methods for compressing a digital signal in a digital microphone system2019 10,356,857Lighting system with power factor correction control data determined from a phase modulated signal2019 10,313,790Polymorphic playback system with switching oscillation prevention2019 10,313,792Digital microphones2019 10,297,258Microphone unit comprising integrated speech analysis2019 10,277,987Personal status monitoring using piezoelectric transducer2019 10,263,532Multiple power sources for a switching power converter controller2019 10,263,584Calibration of a dual-path pulse width modulation system2019 10,257,612Digital microphones2019 10,230,355Adjustable time duration for driving pulse-width modulation (PWM) output to reduce thermal noise2019 10,225,652Systems and methods for using a speaker as a microphone2019 10,225,653Systems and methods for using a piezoelectric speaker as a microphone in a mobile device2019 10,224,877Closed-loop digital compensation scheme2019 10,187,934Controlled electronic system power dissipation via an auxiliary-power dissipation circuit2019 10,181,845Calibration of a dual-path pulse width modulation system2019 10,177,657Reconfigurable switched mode converter2019 10,164,590Digital PWM modulator2018 10,141,946Multi-path analog system with multi-mode high-pass filter2018 10,128,803Systems and methods for predictive switching in audio amplifiers2018 10,129,961Consolidation of lamp power conversion and external communication control2018 10,122,282Isolation of secondary transformer winding current during auxiliary power supply generation2018 10,116,215Buck-boost converter for an audio amplifier with multiple operations modes2018 10,090,814Removal of switching discontinuity in a hybrid switched mode amplifier2018 10,069,483Multi-path analog system with multi-mode high-pass filter2018 10,051,701Systems and methods for maintaining dimmer behavior in a low-power lamp assembly2018 10,044,323Reducing audio artifacts in an amplifier with configurable final output stage2018 10,033,390Systems and methods for clock synchronization in a data acquisition system2018 10,020,778Reducing audio artifacts in an amplifier with configurable final output stage2018 10,014,879Capacitance-to-digital converter2018 10,013,966Systems and methods for adaptive active noise cancellation for multiple-driver personal audio device2018 10,009,039Multi-path analog system with multi-mode high-pass filter2018 10,009,686Fully-differential current digital-to-analog converter2018 9,998,823Systems and methods for reduction of audio artifacts in an audio system with dynamic range enhancement2018 9,990,173Mixing of single-bit and multi-bit audio signals for simultaneous output2018 9,985,587Switched mode converter with variable common mode voltage buffer2018 9,973,156Generation of voltage reference signals in a hybrid switched mode amplifier2018 9,970,825Temperature sensing with feedback digital-analog converter (DAC) of delta-sigma modulator2018 9,967,665Adaptation of dynamic range enhancement based on noise floor of signal2018 9,955,254Systems and methods for preventing distortion due to supply-based modulation index changes in an audio playback system2018 9,955,256Speaker protection based on output signal analysis2018 9,929,664'Prevention of switching discontinuity in a hybrid switched mode amplifier'2018 9,906,196'Hybrid switched mode amplifier'2018 9,880,802'Systems and methods for reducing audio artifacts from switching between paths of a multi-path signal processing system'2018 9,867,249'Low-cost low-power lighting system and lamp assembly'2018 9,847,773Adjustable time duration for driving pulse-width modulation (PWM) output to reduce thermal noise2017 9,831,839Power stage with switched mode amplifier and linear amplifier2017 9,812,114'Systems and methods for controlling adaptive noise control gain'2017 9,807,503'Systems and methods for use of adaptive secondary path estimate to control equalization in an audio device'2017 9,807,504'Multi-path analog front end and analog-to-digital converter for a signal processing system with low-pass filter between paths'2017 9,799,349'Analog-to-digital converter (ADC) dynamic range enhancement for voice-activated systems'2017 9,780,800'Matching paths in a multiple path analog-to-digital converter'2017 9,762,257'Phase shorting switch'2017 9,735,671'Charge pump-based drive circuitry for bipolar junction transistor (BJT)-based power supply'2017 9,729,164'Dual processing paths for differential mode and common mode signals for an adaptable analog-to-digital converter (ADC) topology'2017 9,722,620'Non-linearity cancellation in a dual-path ADC'2017 9,723,578'Random telegraph signal identification and measurement'2017 9,713,206'LED (light-emitting diode) string derived controller power supply'2017 9,705,458'Energy-efficient consumer device audio power output stage with gain control'2017 9,692,444'Neutralizing voltage kickback in a switched capacitor based data converter'2017 9,680,488'Switchable secondary playback path'2017 9,660,547'Dimmer compatibility with reactive loads'2017 9,660,632'Adjustable time duration for driving pulse-width modulation (PWM) output to reduce thermal noise'2017 9,655,202'Systems and methods for low-power lamp compatibility with a leading-edge dimmer and a magnetic transformer'2017 9,634,566'Controlling the common mode voltage of a non-isolated buck-boost converter'2017 9,628,909'Systems and methods for using a speaker as a microphone'2017 9,628,033'Power stage with switched mode amplifier and linear amplifier'2017 9,621,062'Dimmer output emulation with non-zero glue voltage'2017 9,620,101'Systems and methods for maintaining playback fidelity in an audio system with adaptive noise cancellation'2017 9,613,622'Conversation management in a personal audio device'2017 9,609,701'Switch-mode drive sensing of reverse recovery in bipolar junction transistor (BJT)-based power converters'2017 9,608,598'Cascaded integrator-comb filter as a non-integer sample rate converter'2017 9,599,977'Programmable system architecture for power controllers including thread execution responsive to power train event'2017 9,595,868'Differential output mode for a multi-mode power converter'2017 9,595,971'Ring frequency divider'2017 9,596,537'Systems and methods for reduction of audio artifacts in an audio system with dynamic range enhancement'2017 9,590,574'Pulse-width modulated (PWM) audio power amplifier with output transition slope control'2017 9,584,911'Multichip dynamic range enhancement (DRE) audio processing methods and apparatuses'2017 9,577,538'Utilizing secondary-side conduction time parameters of a switching power converter to provide energy to a load'2017 9,578,432'Metric and tool to evaluate secondary path design in adaptive noise cancellation systems'2017 9,571,931'Systems and methods for reducing non-linearities of a microphone signal'2017 9,572,208'LED lighting system with accurate current control'2017 9,543,975'Multi-path analog front end and analog-to-digital converter for a signal processing system with low-pass filter between paths'2017 9,532,125'Noise cancellation microphones with shared back volume'2016 9,532,415'Multi-mode dimmer interfacing including attach state control'2016 9,521,712'Measurements of multiple external components through a single pin of an integrated circuit'2016 9,521,711'Low-cost low-power lighting system and lamp assembly'2016 9,515,485'Power control system with power drop out immunity and uncompromised startup time'2016 9,502,984'Switching parameter based discontinuous mode-critical conduction mode transition'2016 9,504,111'Duty factor probing of a triac-based dimmer'2016 9,504,106'Compensating for a reverse recovery time period of a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) in switch-mode operation of a light-emitting diode (LED)-based bulb'2016 9,503,112'Non-linearity cancellation in a dual-path ADC'2016 9,497,851'Thermal management in a lighting system using multiple, controlled power dissipation circuits'2016 9,497,850'Controlled power dissipation in a lighting system'2016 9,496,855'Two terminal drive of bipolar junction transistor (BJT) of a light emitting diode (LED)-based bulb'2016 9,491,845'Controlled power dissipation in a link path in a lighting system'2016 9,484,832'Isolation of secondary transformer winding current during auxiliary power supply generation'2016 9,478,212'Systems and methods for use of adaptive secondary path estimate to control equalization in an audio device'2016 9,479,860'Systems and methods for enhancing performance of audio transducer based on detection of transducer status'2016 9,461,537'Systems and methods for measuring inductor current in a switching DC-to-DC converter'2016 9,425,817'High order correction for pulse width modulation (PWM) digital/analog converters with reduced computation'2016 9,425,725'Position estimation system and method for an electric motor'2016 9,426,866'Lighting system with lighting dimmer output mapping'2016 9,419,562'Systems and methods for minimizing noise in an amplifier'2016 9,407,279'Systems and methods of element scrambling for compensation and calibration of analog-to-digital converter feedback'2016 9,407,991'Systems and methods for using a speaker as a microphone in a mobile device'2016 9,397,692'Voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) as first stage in an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) in combination with a digital filter for second or higher-order noise shaping'2016 9,385,621'Stabilization circuit for low-voltage lighting'2016 9,385,598'Boost converter stage switch controller'2016 9,379,732'Delta-sigma modulator with reduced integrator requirements'2016 9,368,099'Bandlimiting anti-noise in personal audio devices having adaptive noise cancellation (ANC)'2016 9,341,358'Systems and methods for controlling a power controller'2016 9,337,795'Systems and methods for gain calibration of an audio signal path'2016 9,335,429'Low power analog-to-digital converter for sensing geophone signals'2016 9,332,345'Use of microphone capacitance as a switched capacitor in an input network of a delta-sigma modulator'2016 9,329,614'Bandgap with thermal drift correction'2016 9,326,332'Ripple reduction in light emitting diode (LED)-based light bulb through increased ripple on an energy storage capacitor'2016 9,325,434'Systems and methods for reducing digital interference of external signals'2016 9,325,236'Controlling power factor in a switching power converter operating in discontinuous conduction mode'2016 9,307,601'Input voltage sensing for a switching power converter and a triac-based dimmer'2016 9,306,588'Switchable secondary playback path'2016 9,282,598'System and method for learning dimmer characteristics'2016 9,273,858'Systems and methods for low-power lamp compatibility with a leading-edge dimmer and an electronic transformer'2016 9,253,833'Single pin control of bipolar junction transistor (BJT)-based power stage'2016 9,240,725'Coordinated dimmer compatibility functions'2016 9,225,252'Reduction of supply current variations using compensation current control'2015 9,215,532'Systems and methods for using a speaker as a microphone in a mobile device'2015 9,209,757'Energy-efficient personal audio device output stage with signal polarity-dependent power supply update rate'2015 9,207,265'Dimmer detection'2015 9,184,661'Power conversion with controlled capacitance charging including attach state control'2015 9,178,415'Inductor over-current protection using a volt-second value representing an input voltage to a switching power converter'2015 9,173,261'Secondary-side alternating energy transfer control with inverted reference and LED-derived power supply'2015 9,167,664'Systems and methods for low-power lamp compatibility with a trailing-edge dimmer and an electronic transformer'2015 9,167,662'Mixed load current compensation for LED lighting'2015 9,161,401'LED (light-emitting diode) string derived controller power supply'2015 9,155,163'Trailing edge dimmer compatibility with dimmer high resistance prediction'2015 9,150,010'Stepped voltage drive for driving capacitive loads'2015 9,119,262'Boost and linear LED control'2015 9,112,467'Energy-efficient consumer device audio power output stage'2015 9,101,010'High-efficiency lighting devices having dimmer and/or load condition measurement'2015 9,093,941'Determining commutation position for a sensorless permanent magnet brushless motor at low or zero speed using an asymmetric drive pattern'2015 9,088,237'Circuit and method for calibration of sensorless control of a permanent magnet brushless motor during start-up'2015 9,084,316'Controlled power dissipation in a switch path in a lighting system'2015 9,077,262'Cascaded switching power converter for coupling a photovoltaic energy source to power mains'2015 9,072,125'Systems and methods for determining a type of transformer to which a load is coupled'2015 9,055,620'Consolidation of lamp power conversion and external communication control'2015 9,035,587'Motor control loop with fast response'2015 9,025,347'Switching parameter based discontinuous mode-critical conduction mode transition'2015 9,024,561'Method and system for switching between different types of operation of a sensorless permanent magnet brushless motor at low or zero speed to determine rotor position'2015 9,024,541'Utilizing secondary-side conduction time parameters of a switching power converter to provide energy to a load'2015 9,018,851'Boost and linear LED control'2015 9,008,344'Systems and methods for using a speaker as a microphone in a mobile device'2015 9,000,680'Lighting system with lighting dimmer output mapping'2015 8,994,306'System and method for isolating the undriven voltage of a permanent magnet brushless motor for detection of rotor position'2015 8,981,661'Powering high-efficiency lighting devices from a triac-based dimmer'2015 8,970,413'Low power analog-to-digital converter for sensing geophone signals'2015 8,963,449'Lighting system with power factor correction control data determined from a phase modulated signal'2015 8,963,535'Switch controlled current sensing using a hall effect sensor'2015 8,952,625'Power control system for current regulated light sources'2015 8,947,016'Transformer-isolated LED lighting circuit with secondary-side dimming control'2015 8,948,407'Bandlimiting anti-noise in personal audio devices having adaptive noise cancellation (ANC)'2015 8,941,316'Duty factor probing of a triac-based dimmer'2015 8,912,781'Integrated circuit switching power supply controller with selectable buck mode operation'2014 8,912,734'Color mixing of electronic light sources with correlation between phase-cut dimmer angle and predetermined black body radiation function'2014 8,847,515'Multi-mode dimmer interfacing including attach state control'2014 8,847,719'Transformer with split primary winding'2014 8,841,894'Pulse-width modulated (PWM) audio power amplifier with output transition slope control'2014 8,816,588'Hybrid gas discharge lamp-LED lighting system'2014 8,804,974'Ambient audio event detection in a personal audio device headset'2014 8,749,173'Dimmer compatibility with reactive loads'2014 8,742,684'LED lighting system with accurate current control'2014 8,729,811'Dimming multiple lighting devices by alternating energy transfer from a magnetic storage element'2014 8,723,438'Switch power converter control with spread spectrum based electromagnetic interference reduction'2014 8,717,071'High voltage linear amplifier driving heavy capacitive loads with reduced power dissipation'2014 8,716,957'Powering high-efficiency lighting devices from a triac-based dimmer'2014 8,680,771'Controller customization system with phase cut angle communication customization data encoding'2014 8,610,365'Switching power converter input voltage approximate zero crossing determination'2013 8,610,364'Coordinated dimmer compatibility functions'2013 8,593,075'Constant current controller with selectable gain'2013 8,587,217'Multi-LED control'2013 8,587,211'Power control system for current regulated light sources'2013 8,581,504'Switching power converter control with triac-based leading edge dimmer compatibility'2013 8,581,505'Primary-side based control of secondary-side current for a transformer'2013 8,575,975'Stepped voltage drive for driving capacitive loads'2013 8,576,589'Switch state controller with a sense current generated operating voltage'2013 8,569,972'Dimmer output emulation'2013 8,553,430'Resonant switching power converter with adaptive dead time control'2013 8,547,034'Trailing edge dimmer compatibility with dimmer high resistance prediction'2013 8,536,794'Lighting system with lighting dimmer output mapping'2013 8,536,854'Supply invariant bandgap reference system'2013 8,536,799'Dimmer detection'2013 8,525,710'Audio amplifier offset reduction using digital input/output comparisons'2013 8,487,591'Power control system with power drop out immunity and uncompromised startup time'2013 8,487,797'Audio clocking in video applications'2013 8,487,546'LED lighting system with accurate current control'2013 8,489,661'Signal processing system with a digital sample rate converter'2013 8,482,223'Calibration of lamps'2013 8,482,220'Lighting system with power factor correction control data determined from a phase modulated signal'2013 8,447,050'Thermal feedback for switch mode amplification'2013 8,378,867'Audio clocking in video applications'2013 8,368,361'Switching power converter controller with direct current transformer sensing'2013 8,362,707'Light emitting diode based lighting system with time division ambient light feedback response'2013 8,344,707'Current sensing in a switching power converter'2013 8,330,434'Power supply that determines energy consumption and outputs a signal indicative of energy consumption'2012 8,324,943'High voltage linear amplifier driving heavy capacitive loads with reduced power dissipation'2012 8,311,243'Energy-efficient consumer device audio power output stage'2012 8,299,722'Time division light output sensing and brightness adjustment for different spectra of light emitting diodes'2012 8,288,954'Primary-side based control of secondary-side current for a transformer'2012 8,279,628'Audible noise suppression in a resonant switching power converter'2012 8,248,145'Cascode configured switching using at least one low breakdown voltage internal, integrated circuit switch to control at least one high breakdown voltage external switch'2012 8,238,576'Level dependent bass management'2012 8,232,736'Power control system for current regulated light sources'2012 8,222,872'Switching power converter with selectable mode auxiliary power supply'2012 8,212,491'Switching power converter control with triac-based leading edge dimmer compatibility'2012 8,212,493'Low energy transfer mode for auxiliary power supply operation in a cascaded switching power converter'2012 8,198,874'Switching power converter with current sensing transformer auxiliary power supply'2012 8,188,677'Multi-function duty cycle modifier'2012 8,179,110'Adjustable constant current source with continuous conduction mode (â€œCCMâ€) and discontinuous conduction mode (â€œDCMâ€) operation'2012 8,174,204'Lighting system with power factor correction control data determined from a phase modulated signal'2012 8,130,127'Discrete-time delta-sigma modulator with improved anti-aliasing at lower quantization rates'2012 8,125,805'Switch-mode converter operating in a hybrid discontinuous conduction mode (DCM)/continuous conduction mode (CCM) that uses double or more pulses in a switching period'2012 8,120,341'Switching power converter with switch control pulse width variability at low power demand levels'2012 8,102,127'Hybrid gas discharge lamp-LED lighting system'2012 8,076,920'Switching power converter and control system'2011 8,068,622'Method and apparatus for controlling a selectable voltage audio power output stage'2011 8,040,703'Power factor correction controller with feedback reduction'2011 8,022,683'Powering a power supply integrated circuit with sense current'2011 8,018,171'Multi-function duty cycle modifier'2011 8,014,176'Resonant switching power converter with burst mode transition shaping'2011 8,008,898'Switching regulator with boosted auxiliary winding supply'2011 8,008,902'Hysteretic buck converter having dynamic thresholds'2011 8,009,077'Delta-sigma analog-to-digital converter (ADC) circuit with selectively switched reference'2011 7,969,125'Programmable power control system'2011 7,915,995'Compensation of field effect on polycrystalline resistors'2011 7,903,825'Personal audio playback device having gain control responsive to environmental sounds'2011 7,903,010'Delta-sigma analog-to-digital converter (ADC) having a serialized quantizer output'2011 7,894,216'Switching power converter with efficient switching control signal period generation'2011 7,888,922'Power factor correction controller with switch node feedback'2011 7,863,828'Power supply DC voltage offset detector'2011 7,860,474'Circuits and methods for controlling switching noise in switched-mode circuits'2010 7,852,017'Ballast for light emitting diode light sources'2010 7,840,015'Thermal feedback for switch mode amplification'2010 7,835,772'FM output portable music player with RDS capability'2010 7,825,845'Digital output semiconductor magnetic field sensor integrated circuit'2010 7,826,578'Circuits and methods for noise management in systems including an asynchronously-operable data port'2010 7,821,237'Power factor correction (PFC) controller and method using a finite state machine to adjust the duty cycle of a PWM control signal'2010 7,822,214'Audio power output system with shared output blocking capacitor'2010 7,808,263'Non-invasive, low pin count test circuits and methods utilizing emulated stress conditions'2010 RE041775'Synchronized binaural hearing system'2010 7,804,697'History-independent noise-immune modulated transformer-coupled gate control signaling method and apparatus'2010 7,804,256'Power control system for current regulated light sources'2010 7,804,972'Method and apparatus for calibrating a sound beam-forming system'2010 7,796,076'Transformer-isolated analog-to-digital converter (ADC) feedback apparatus and method'2010 7,759,881'LED lighting system with a multiple mode current control dimming strategy'2010 7,755,525'Delta sigma modulator with unavailable output values'2010 7,746,257'Delta-sigma analog-to-digital converter circuit having reduced sampled reference noise'2010 7,746,043'Inductor flyback detection using switch gate change characteristic detection'2010 7,746,972'Numerically-controlled phase-lock loop with input timing reference-dependent ratio adjustment'2010 7,746,057'Power meter having complex quadrature output current and voltage filters'2010

Career & activity timeline

Assembled from patent assignee/location history and declaration credentials.

1978–2004Based in Boulder, CO, US· patent location history

2002–2021Patents assigned to CIRRUS LOGIC INC (411)· patent assignee history

2002–2021Based in Austin, TX, US· patent location history

2006–2019Patents assigned to MELANSON JOHN L (72)· patent assignee history

2007Based in Asutin, TX, US· patent location history

2013–2019Patents assigned to KING ERIC J (14)· patent assignee history

2016–2021Patents assigned to CIRRUS LOGIC INT SEMICONDUCTOR LTD (83)· patent assignee history

2016–2017Patents assigned to KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS NV (13)· patent assignee history

Inventor activity

Assignee and location history derived from the patent record.

Assignees

Assignee	Patents	Span
CIRRUS LOGIC INC	411	2002–2021
CIRRUS LOGIC INT SEMICONDUCTOR LTD	83	2016–2021
MELANSON JOHN Lself	72	2006–2019
KING ERIC J	14	2013–2019
KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS NV	13	2016–2017

Locations

Location	Patents	Span
Austin, Texas, US	449	2002–2021
Boulder, CO, US	26	1978–2004
Asutin, Texas, US	1	2007