Electrical connector jack

The Category 6 jack is a receptacle that accepts a Category 6 plug, and is frequently used to electrically interconnect telecommunication equipment. There are several standards that dictate how the Category 6 jack is constructed and performs. Two of which are TIA/EIA (Telecommunications Industry Association/Electronic Industries Alliance) 568 B and FCC (Federal Communication Commission) part 68. The TIA standard is largely a cabling standard to allow for proper installation and performance criteria. The FCC standard is a legal standard that dictates physical characteristics of the plug and jack, such as form factor.

To meet jack performance requirements as dictated by the TIA standard, the tines of the jack must be as short as possible. To provide satisfactory electrical characteristics for the Category 6 jack, it is best that the tines be as short as possible. However, the shorter the tines the less resiliency will be demonstrated by the tines. This can create a problem when mating the Category 6 jack with a non-Category 6 plugs as required by the TIA standard discussed below.

In particular, the TIA standard requires the Category 6 jack be usable with legacy plugs (e.g., 6 position wide-2 contact plates or 6P-2C, 6 position wide-6 contact plates or 6P-6C, and so on). Such use can occur during testing after installation of Category 6 jacks when a test meter having an RJ-11 style plug (6P-4C) is plugged into one of the Category 6 jacks. Also, such use can occur when using a Category 6 jack to receive other style plugs, such as a typical phone plug (6P-2C) used for voice transmissions. When using these legacy plugs with the Category 6 jack, some of the tines of the jack encounter large amounts of deflection. While the tines of a Category 6 jack receiving a Category 6 plug usually experience a relatively small deflection, use of a legacy plug with the Category 6 jack may result in a much larger deflection. This is because the older style plugs do not have cut outs where there would be a recessed conductive plate or opening on an RJ45 style plug (Category 5, 5e or 6). However, to provide sufficient resiliency of the tines to allow such a large amount of deflection without permanent deformation, the tines must have a length so long that electrical performance is degraded.

The FCC standard specifies that the contact force between the Category 6 jack and plug when mated be a minimum of 100 grams (0.22 pounds). This is largely to ensure good electrical contact between the plug and the jack. If the Category 6 jack has tines long enough to provide the resiliency needed to accommodate legacy plugs without deformation, as discussed above, providing the necessary contact force becomes a problem since increasing the resiliency of the tine tends to cause the tine to generate lower contact force with the plug contact. The increased length also degrades electrical performance.

As such, it is desirable to provide a Category 6 jack with tines as short as possible to improve electrical performance of the jack, while still providing the resiliency to accommodate legacy plugs and the contact force needed to meet the TIA and FCC standards.

This invention relates to an electrical connector, and in particular, to a jack used for telecommunication equipment.

The present invention is embodied in a connector jack usable with a plug having a plurality of plug contacts. The jack includes a body having a receptacle sized and configured to receive the plug therein, a plurality of contact tines, each having a contact portion within the receptacle positioned to be engaged by a corresponding positioned one of the plug contacts when the plug is inserted into the receptacle, and a plurality of resilient spring members. Each of the spring members is configured to apply a reaction force to one of the contact tines when engaged by the correspondingly positioned plug contact in a direction to generate a supplemental contact force between the contact tine and the correspondingly positioned plug contact.

In the illustrated embodiment, the contact tines each having a first side and an opposite second side, with the first side of each contact tine having a contact portion within the receptacle positioned to be engaged by the correspondingly positioned one of the plug contacts when the plug is inserted into the receptacle. Each spring member is positioned adjacent to the second side of a correspondingly positioned one of the contact tines. The spring members each have at least a portion positioned within the receptacle and adjacent to the second side of the correspondingly positioned one of the contact tines.

In the illustrated embodiment, each spring member is configured to apply a force against the corresponding contact tine when in a deflected position sufficient to at least assist in moving the corresponding contact tine to a return position when the plug is removed from the receptacle.

Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is an isometric view of an electrical connector jack embodying the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an exploded isometric view of the electrical connector jack shown in FIG. 1 with the spring assembly separated from the circuit board and without the connector body.

FIG. 3 is an isometric view of the electrical connector jack assembly shown in FIG. 2 with the spring assembly shown mounted to the circuit board but still without the connector body.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the electrical connector jack shown in FIG. 1 .

FIG. 5 is an exploded isometric view of the two separated components of the spring assembly used with the electrical connector jack shown in FIG. 1 .

An embodiment of a Category 6 RJ series electrical connector jack 10 of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 1 fully assembled and ready for use. The jack 10 includes a dielectric housing or body 12 and a plurality of resilient contact tines 14 in parallel arrangement within an interior receptacle 16 of the body. The tines 14 may be spring wires with round or other cross-sectional shapes, elongated contact plates or have other suitable contact tine constructions. In the illustrated embodiment, eight tines 14 are used, but a fewer or greater number may be used as desired for the style connector while utilizing the principals of the invention. The body 12 is typically formed of plastic, and the tines 14 are formed of a conventional phosphor bronze metal used for Category 6 jacks and other style jacks. The receptacle 16 is sized and configured to receive a Category 6 plug 18 of conventional design, shown in cross-section in FIG. 4 inserted into the receptacle. The plug 18 has a plurality of metal conductive plates or contacts 20 which when the plug is inserted into the receptacle 16 are in contact with corresponding ones of the tines 14 . The plug 18 generally has two to eight contacts 20 . As noted above, other style plugs may be inserted into the receptacle 16 and those plugs may have a variety of different numbers of contacts.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 , the tines 14 each have a first end portion 22 fixedly attached to a printed circuit board 24 and have a second free end portion 26 . Each tine 14 has a contact portion 28 extending between its first and second end portions 22 and 26 . As will be discussed below, the contact portions 28 are arranged in the body 12 to be contacted by the contacts 20 of the plug 18 when inserted into the receptacle 16 . The contact portions 28 of the tines 14 are in a generally parallel arrangement and the tines are essentially allowed to “float” as simple cantilevered beams. The printed circuit board 24 also supports eight insulation displacement contacts (IDCs) 30 , each being electrically connected through the circuit paths on the printed circuit board to one of the eight tines 14 . Wires carrying electrical signals may be connected to the IDCs 30 in a conventional manner. Other style contacts and means may be used to electrically connect signals to the tines 14 . In the illustrated embodiment of the connector jack 10 , the IDCs 30 are pressed into place in apertures in the printed circuit board 24 , and the first end portions 22 of the tines 14 are first pressed into place in apertures in the printed circuit board and then soldered.

When the printed circuit board 24 has the tines 14 and the IDCs 30 attached, a spring assembly 32 is mounted to the printed circuit board 24 in position below the tines as shown in FIG. 3 . As best seen in FIG. 2 , the spring assembly 32 has a pair of protrusions 34 which are inserted into apertures in the printed circuit board. The printed circuit board assembly, indicated by reference numeral 33 is shown in FIG. 3 ready for positioning within the body 12 of the connector jack 10 , as is illustrated in FIG. 4 .

The receptacle 16 of the body 12 has a forward facing opening 35 in a forward end 36 of the body 12 which is sized to pass the plug 18 therethrough as it is inserted into the receptacle. As shown in FIG. 4 , a rearward end 38 of the body 12 has a chamber 40 with a rearward facing opening 42 sized to receive the assembled printed circuit board 24 therein. The printed circuit board 24 is positioned adjacent to the receptacle 16 with the tines 14 projecting forward into the receptacle in position for the contact portions 28 thereof to be contacted by the contacts 20 of the plug 18 when inserted into the receptacle to make electrical contact therewith. A carrier or terminal block 43 , shown in FIG. 1 , is mounted at and covers the rearward facing opening 42 of the chamber 40 , and captures and holds the printed circuit board 24 in place. Snaps securely connect the terminal block 43 to the body 12 . The terminal block 43 has apertures to allow access to the IDCs 30 which project rearward from the printed circuit board 24 to allow connection of wires thereto.

The tines 14 are laterally spaced apart so that one tine is contacted by a correspondingly positioned one of the plug contacts 20 when the plug 18 is inserted into the receptacle 16 . The contact of the plug contacts 20 with the tines 14 moves the contacted tines in a generally downward direction, with a small rearward component, as the tines flex downward in response thereto. Each of the tines 14 is sufficiently resilient to produce a first generally upward force on the tine against the corresponding plug contact 20 in response thereto. This serves as a contact force between the tine and the plug contact to help provide good electrical contact. However, as discussed above, it is desirable to keep the tines 14 as short as possible to improve electrical performance of the jack, while still providing sufficient resiliency to accommodate legacy plugs and the contact force needed to meet the FCC standards. To do so, the spring assembly 32 is positioned below the tines 14 , as best seen in FIG. 4 , to provide increased contact force and resiliency than the tines alone can produce in response to the tines moving downward as the plug 18 is inserted into the receptacle 16 , without requiring the tines to be longer than desired to provide good electrical performance. The increased resiliency allows the insertion of legacy plugs into the receptacle 16 and the resulting extreme flexure of the tines 14 that can result, without permanent deformation of the tines.

The spring assembly 32 includes eight resilient, non-conductive spring arms 44 , each positioned immediately under a correspondingly positioned one of the tines 14 . A head portion 45 of each spring arm 44 is in contact with an underside of the tine opposite the side of the tine contacted by the plug contact 20 . The spring arms 44 extend forward from a spring assembly base 46 , with a slight upward slant, and have a knee bend whereat the spring arms project generally upward and rearward and terminate in a free end portion including the head portion 45 . Each of the spring arms 44 is positioned to have the head portion 45 thereof engaged by and move downward with the correspondingly positioned tine 14 as the tine moves downward when the plug 18 is inserted into the receptacle 16 . The spring arm head portion 45 moves downward with a small rearward component since the tine deflects with an arcuate movement.

The spring arms are 44 laterally separated from each other by a small distance. As such, each of the spring arms 44 is independently movable relative to the other ones of the spring arms, and each spring arm provides a second generally upward force on the correspondingly positioned tine which is transmitted to the plug contact 20 contacting the tine. This creates a supplemental upward force that causes an increased contact force between the tine and the plug contact (generally the sum of the first and second upward forces). The supplemental upward force also causes the tine to respond as if having greater resiliency than experienced by the unassisted tine, and assists the return movement of the tine when the plug 18 is removed from the receptacle 16 and allowed to return from its deflected position to its original position before the plug was inserted into the receptacle. This improvement in mechanical performance is accomplished without the need to lengthen and thicken the tines 14 to achieve it and thereby degrade electrical performance of the jack. Also, since each spring arm 44 operates on the tine 14 it engages independent of the other spring arms, the same characteristics of increased contact force and tine resiliency are experienced by a tine whether one tine or all eight tines are being engaged by plug contacts 20 . This provides consistent performance characteristics for the jack 10 .

The increased tine resiliency improves the ability of the jack 10 to handle legacy plugs having substantially different sizes and styles than a Category 6 plug, when inserted into the receptacle 16 by allowing an increased range of elastic deflection without undesirable permanent deformation of the tines 14 . The independent operation of the spring arms 44 allows the use of legacy plugs of many configurations, size and number of plug contacts that cause some tines 14 to deflect by large amounts such as when engaged by sidewalls or other non-contact portions of the plug, while other tines do not and still producing good electrical contact with the contacts of the legacy plug and without damage to the tines. Again, the increased resiliency is accomplished without the need to lengthen and thicken the tines to achieve it.

Rails inside the body 12 align and hold the spring arms 44 in position for contact with the plug contacts 20 . The body also includes features to capture the tines 14 .

The spring assembly 32 is manufactured of a non-conductive plastic, thus the spring arms 44 can directly contact the metal tines without requiring insulation or causing an electrical problem. The plastic is selected to provide a good life cycle with low creep or cold flow characteristics.

As best seen in FIGS. 2 , 3 and 5 , the spring assembly 32 is composed of two separately molded components for ease of manufacture. In particular, the first component includes a first portion 46 a of the base 46 which has the pair of protrusions 34 which secure the spring assembly 32 to the printed circuit board 24 , and has every other one of the eight spring arms 44 projecting therefrom. The second component includes a second portion 46 b of the base 46 , and has the other four of the eight spring arms 44 projecting therefrom. Adjacent spring arms of the first component are separated by slightly greater than the width of one of the spring arms of the second component, and adjacent spring arms of the second component are separated by slightly greater than the width of one of the spring arms of the first component. As such, when the first and second components of the spring assembly 32 are assembled together, with the spring arms of the first and second assemblies interleaved, there is a very small space between neighboring spring arms of the first and second assemblies which allows their independent movement.

An alternative method of achieving such closely spaced spring arms would be to injection mold the spring assembly 32 as one piece, but put thin blades of steel between each spring arm position in the mold cavity. This would cause the resulting eight spring arms to be closely spaced but yet independently movable.

While the present invention is illustrated and discussed with respect to a Category 6 jack, it should be understood that the invention is useful for many style jacks, including but not limited to Category 3, Category 5, Category 5e and other telecommunication and non-telecommunication jacks, and that the jacks need not utilize a printed circuit board mounting for the tines 14 , spring assembly 32 or other components or utilize a printed circuit board at all.

From the foregoing it will be appreciated that, although specific embodiments of the invention have been described herein for purposes of illustration, various modifications may be made without deviating from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the invention is not limited except as by the appended claims.