A composite structure comprising a tubular frame and comprising at least three tubular polymeric layers associated therewith, wherein one tubular polymeric layer is positioned to form the inner surface of the composite structure and one tubular polymeric layer is positioned to form the outer surface of the composite structure, wherein at least one of the three tubular polymeric layers comprises a plurality of electrospun poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) nanofibers, and wherein the nanofibers have a density such that there is a range of distances of about 0.1μ to about 50μ between points of contact of the nanofibers.
›22.↳ 21The composite structure of claim 21, wherein at least two of the tubular polymeric layers comprise a plurality of electrospun PTFE nanofibers.d2
The composite structure of claim 21, wherein at least two of the tubular polymeric layers comprise a plurality of electrospun PTFE nanofibers.
›23.↳ 21The composite structure of claim 21, wherein at least one of the three tubular polymeric layers is positioned to form the inner surface of the composi…d2
The composite structure of claim 21, wherein at least one of the three tubular polymeric layers is positioned to form the inner surface of the composite structure and the one tubular polymeric layer positioned to form the outer surface of the composite structure comprises a plurality of electrospun PTFE nanofibers.
›24.↳ 21The composite structure of claim 21, wherein at least one of the tubular polymeric layers comprises nylon, polyurethane, polyester, fluorinated ethyle…d2
The composite structure of claim 21, wherein at least one of the tubular polymeric layers comprises nylon, polyurethane, polyester, fluorinated ethylene propylene, or a combination thereof in the form of electrospun fibers.
›25.↳ 21The composite structure of claim 21, wherein at least one of the tubular polymeric layer positioned to form the inner surface of the composite structu…d2
The composite structure of claim 21, wherein at least one of the tubular polymeric layer positioned to form the inner surface of the composite structure and the tubular polymeric layer positioned to form the outer surface of the composite structure comprises nylon, polyurethane, polyester, fluorinated ethylene propylene, or a combination thereof in the form of electrospun fibers.
›26.↳ 21The composite structure of claim 21, wherein the tubular polymeric layer positioned to form the inner surface of the composite structure and the tubul…d2
The composite structure of claim 21, wherein the tubular polymeric layer positioned to form the inner surface of the composite structure and the tubular polymeric layer positioned to form the outer surface of the composite structure have different pore sizes.
›27.↳ 21The composite structure of claim 21, wherein the tubular frame comprises a metal.d2
The composite structure of claim 21, wherein the tubular frame comprises a metal.
›28.↳ 21The composite structure of claim 21, wherein the tubular frame comprises stainless steel, platinum, gold, titanium, polymer, or nitinol.d2
The composite structure of claim 21, wherein the tubular frame comprises stainless steel, platinum, gold, titanium, polymer, or nitinol.
›29.↳ 21The composite structure of claim 21, wherein the tubular frame comprises a stent.d2
The composite structure of claim 21, wherein the tubular frame comprises a stent.
›30.↳ 21The structure of claim 21, further comprising a bioactive agent.d2+1
The structure of claim 21, further comprising a bioactive agent.
›31.↳ 30The structure of claim 30, wherein the bioactive agent is selected from the group consisting of antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, anticonvulsants,…d3
The structure of claim 30, wherein the bioactive agent is selected from the group consisting of antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, antiparkinsonism drugs, cardiovascular agents, antineoplastics, corticosteroids, NSAIDs, hormones, growth factors, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, prostaglandins, antiangiogenic agents, neuroprotectants, neurotrophins, growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, cells, tissues, and combinations thereof.
›32.↳ 21The composite structure of claim 21, wherein each of the inner surface and outer surface comprise at least one electrospun layer of a plurality of ele…d2+3
The composite structure of claim 21, wherein each of the inner surface and outer surface comprise at least one electrospun layer of a plurality of electrospun PTFE nanofibers.
›33.↳ 32The composite structure of claim 32, wherein the pore structure of one or more of the electrospun layers as defined by ASTM F316 is between about 0.05…d3
The composite structure of claim 32, wherein the pore structure of one or more of the electrospun layers as defined by ASTM F316 is between about 0.05 μm and about 50 μm.
›34.↳ 32The composite structure of claim 32, wherein one or more of the electrospun layers has a porosity to enhance cellular ingrowth or attachment.d3
The composite structure of claim 32, wherein one or more of the electrospun layers has a porosity to enhance cellular ingrowth or attachment.
›35.↳ 32The composite structure of claim 32, wherein one or more of the electrospun layers has a porosity to inhibit cellular ingrowth or attachment.d3
The composite structure of claim 32, wherein one or more of the electrospun layers has a porosity to inhibit cellular ingrowth or attachment.
›36.↳ 21The composite structure of claim 21, wherein the composite structure is comprised primarily of micron and sub-micron sized electrostatically spun PTFE…d2
The composite structure of claim 21, wherein the composite structure is comprised primarily of micron and sub-micron sized electrostatically spun PTFE in random orientation on the frame.
›37.↳ 21The composite structure of claim 21, wherein the tubular polymeric layer positioned to form the inner surface comprises a plurality of electrospun pol…d2
The composite structure of claim 21, wherein the tubular polymeric layer positioned to form the inner surface comprises a plurality of electrospun poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) nanofibers.