Light emitting device

This application claims the benefit of Japanese Priority Patent Application No. 2018-102520 filed on May 29, 2018 and also claims the benefit of Japanese Priority Patent Application No. 2019-076571 filed on Apr. 12, 2019, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

The present disclosure relates to a light emitting device using organic electroluminescent sections that emit light by an organic electroluminescence (EL) phenomenon.

In recent years, a large number of proposals have been made in regard of the structure of a light emitting device using organic EL elements (see, for example, WO 01/039554, JP 2006-244713A, JP 2011-159431A, and JP 2011-159433A).

Among such light emitting devices, those of the top emission system have a problem that attendant on enlargement in size, it has become difficult to realize both good feed performance and good viewing angle characteristic of chromaticity. Therefore, it is desirable to provide a light emitting device in which both good feed performance and good viewing angle characteristic of chromaticity can be realized.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a light emitting device which includes a plurality of organic electroluminescent sections each including a first electrode layer, an organic light emitting layer, a second electrode layer having a film thickness of not less than 15 nm and a reflective layer in this order, and a light extraction surface from which light emitted from each of the organic electroluminescent sections through the reflective layer is extracted. The reflective layer includes two reflective interfaces. In each of the organic electroluminescent sections, a microcavity structure is formed by a structure including a first reflective interface on the organic light emitting layer side of the first electrode layer, a second reflective interface on the organic light emitting layer side of the second electrode layer, and the two reflective interfaces included in the reflective layer. The plurality of organic electroluminescent sections include a plurality of first organic electroluminescent sections that emit light in a first wavelength band, and a plurality of second organic electroluminescent sections that emit light in a second wavelength band on a shorter wavelength side than the first wavelength band. In each of the first organic electroluminescent sections and each of the second organic electroluminescent sections, the microcavity structure is configured in such a manner that the first reflective interface and the second reflective interface intensify the light in the first wavelength band and the light in the second wavelength band, and that the two reflective interfaces included in the reflective layer weaken the light in the first wavelength band and intensify the light in the second wavelength band.

According to the light emitting device of the embodiment of the present disclosure, worsening of viewing angle characteristic of chromaticity can be restrained even in the case where the second electrode layer is enlarged in film thickness. Therefore, both good feed performance and good viewing angle characteristic of chromaticity can be secured. Note that the advantageous effects described here are not limitative, and the effects of the present disclosure may be any of the effects described herein.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view depicting a general configuration of a light emitting device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view depicting the configuration of a red light emitting section illustrated in FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view depicting the configuration of a green light emitting section illustrated in FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 4 is a sectional view depicting the configuration of a blue light emitting section illustrated in FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view for explaining an operation of the light emitting device illustrated in FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 6 is a diagram depicting an example of a variation in chromaticity with viewing angle, in a light emitting device according to a comparative example;

FIG. 7 is another diagram depicting an example of a variation in chromaticity with viewing angle, in the light emitting device according to the comparative example;

FIG. 8 is a diagram depicting an example of a variation in chromaticity with viewing angle, in the light emitting device illustrated in FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 9 is a diagram depicting an example of a variation in 45-degree chromaticity viewing angle with film thickness of an electrode on the light extraction surface side, in the light emitting device according to the comparative example;

FIG. 10 is a diagram depicting an example of a variation in relative luminance with film thickness of the electrode on the light extraction surface side, in the light emitting device according to the comparative example;

FIG. 11 is a sectional view depicting a modification of the configuration of the light emitting section illustrated in FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 12 is a figure depicting a general configuration of a display device obtained by application of the light emitting device illustrated in FIG. 1 , etc.;

FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram depicting a circuit configuration of a pixel illustrated in FIG. 12 ;

FIG. 14 is a figure depicting an example of appearance of an electronic apparatus obtained by application of the display device illustrated in FIG. 12 ; and

FIG. 15 is a figure depicting an example of appearance of an illumination apparatus obtained by application of the light emitting device illustrated in FIG. 1 , etc.

An embodiment of the present disclosure will be described in detail below, referring to the drawings, in the following order.

1. Embodiment (Light emitting device)

2. Modification (Light emitting device)

3. Application examples (Display device, Electronic apparatus, Illumination apparatus)

1. Embodiment

Configuration

FIG. 1 depicts a sectional configuration of a major part of a light emitting device 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The light emitting device 1 includes a substrate 11 , over which a plurality of red light emitting sections 10 R, a plurality of green light emitting sections 10 G and a plurality of blue light emitting sections 10 B are provided. The red light emitting section 10 R corresponds to a specific example of the “organic electroluminescent section” and the “first organic electroluminescent section” in the present disclosure. The green light emitting section 10 G corresponds to a specific example of the “organic electroluminescent section” and the “first organic electroluminescent section” in the present disclosure. The blue light emitting section 10 B corresponds to a specific example of the “organic electroluminescent section” and the “second organic electroluminescent section” in the present disclosure.

The red light emitting section 10 R includes an electrode layer 12 R, a red organic layer 13 R including a red light emitting layer 131 R, an electrode layer 14 R, a transparent layer 15 R, a transparent layer 16 R and a transparent layer 17 R in this order over the substrate 11 . The green light emitting section 10 G includes an electrode layer 12 G, a green organic layer 13 G including a green light emitting layer 131 G, an electrode layer 14 G, a transparent layer 15 G, a transparent layer 16 G and a transparent layer 17 G in this order over the substrate 11 . The blue light emitting section 10 B includes an electrode layer 12 B, a blue organic layer 13 B including a blue light emitting layer 131 B, an electrode layer 14 B, a transparent layer 15 B, a transparent layer 16 B and a transparent layer 17 B in this order over the substrate 11 . The electrode layers 12 R, 12 G and 12 B correspond to specific examples of the “first electrode layer” in the present disclosure. The electrode layers 14 R, 14 G and 14 B correspond to specific examples of the “second electrode layer” in the present disclosure. A laminate including the transparent layer 15 R, the transparent layer 16 R and the transparent layer 17 R corresponds to a specific example of the “reflective layer” in the present disclosure. A laminate including the transparent layer 15 G, the transparent layer 16 G and the transparent layer 17 G corresponds to a specific example of the “reflective layer” in the present disclosure. A laminate including the transparent layer 15 B, the transparent layer 16 B and the transparent layer 17 B corresponds to a specific example of the “reflective layer” in the present disclosure.

The red light emitting section 10 R emits light in a red wavelength region (red light LR) generated in the red light emitting layer 131 R by current injection by the electrode layer 12 R and the electrode layer 14 R, from the transparent layer 17 R side. The green light emitting section 10 G emits light in a green wavelength region (green light LG) generated in the green light emitting layer 131 G by current injection by the electrode layer 12 G and the electrode layer 14 G, from the transparent layer 17 G side. The blue light emitting section 10 B emits light in a blue wavelength region (blue light LB) generated in the blue light emitting layer 131 B by current injection by the electrode layer 12 B and the electrode layer 14 B, from the transparent layer 17 B side. The light emitting device 1 is configured such that the lights generated from the red light emitting layer 131 R, the green light emitting layer 131 G and the blue light emitting layer 131 B are subjected to multiple reflection between the electrode layers 12 R, 12 G and 12 B and the transparent layers 17 R, 17 G and 17 B and the lights are extracted from the transparent layer 17 G, 17 G and 17 B side. In other words, the light emitting device 1 is a top emission type light emitting device having a resonator structure.

The substrate 11 is a plate-shaped member for supporting the red light emitting layers 131 R, the green light emitting layers 131 G and the blue light emitting layers 131 B, and includes, for example, a transparent glass substrate or semiconductor substrate or the like. The substrate 11 may include a flexible substrate. The substrate may be a circuit substrate provided with a circuit or circuits (a pixel circuit or circuits 18 - 1 described later) for driving the red light emitting layers 131 R, the green light emitting layers 131 G and the blue light emitting layers 131 B.

The electrode layers 12 R, 12 G and 12 B are anode electrodes, and function also as reflecting mirrors. The electrode layers 12 R, 12 G and 12 B are formed using a light-reflective material, for example. Examples of the light-reflective material used for the electrode layers 12 R, 12 G and 12 B include aluminum (Al), aluminum alloys, platinum (Pt), gold (Au), chromium (Cr), and tungsten (W). The electrode layers 12 R, 12 G and 12 B may be configured, for example, by stacking a transparent conductive material and a light-reflective material. The thicknesses of the electrode layers 12 R, 12 G and 12 B are, for example, 100 to 300 nm.

The red organic layer 13 R includes, for example, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, the red light emitting layer 131 R, an electron transport layer and an electron injection layer in this order from a position near the electrode layer 12 R. The green organic layer 13 G includes, for example, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, the green light emitting layer 131 G, an electron transport layer and an electron injection layer in this order from a position near the electrode layer 12 G. The blue organic layer 13 B includes, for example, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, the blue light emitting layer 131 B, an electron transport layer and an electron injection layer in this order from a position near the electrode layer 12 B.

The hole injection layer is a layer for preventing leakage. The hole injection layer is formed, for example, by using hexaazatriphenylene (HAT) or the like. The thickness of the hole injection layer is, for example, 1 to 20 nm. The hole transport layer is formed, for example, by using α-NPD [N,N′-di(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine]. The thickness of the hole transport layer is, for example, 15 to 100 nm.

The red light emitting layer 131 R, the green light emitting layer 131 G and the blue light emitting layer 131 B are each configured to emit light in a predetermined color by coupling of holes and electrons. The thicknesses of the red light emitting layer 131 R, the green light emitting layer 131 G and the blue light emitting layer 131 B are, for example, 5 to 50 nm. The red light emitting layer 131 R emits light in the red wavelength region (first wavelength band). The red light emitting layer 131 R is formed, for example, by using rubrene doped with a pyrromethene boron complex. In this instance, rubrene is used as a host material. The green light emitting layer 131 G emits light in the green wavelength region (first wavelength band). The green light emitting layer 131 G is formed, for example, by using Alq3 (tris-quinolinol aluminum complex). The blue light emitting layer 131 B emits light in the blue wavelength region on the shorter wavelength side than the red wavelength region (in a second wavelength band on the shorter wavelength side than the first wavelength band). The blue light emitting layer 131 B is formed, for example, by using ADN (9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene) doped with a diaminochrysene derivative. In this instance ADN is used as a host material, and is a vapor deposited film having a thickness of 20 nm, for example. The diaminochrysene derivative is used as a dopant material, and the doping is, for example, 5% doping in terms of relative film thickness ratio.

The electron transport layer is formed by using BCP (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline). The thickness of the electron transport layer is, for example, 15 to 200 nm. The electron injection layer is formed, for example, by using lithium fluoride (LiF). The thickness of the electron injection layer is, for example, 15 to 270 nm.

The electrode layers 14 R, 14 G and 14 B are cathode electrodes, and function also as reflecting mirrors. The electrode layers 14 R, 14 G and 14 B are each formed by using a metallic material high in reflectance. The electrode layers 14 R, 14 G and 14 B are each formed, for example, by using any of magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag) and their alloys. The electrode layers 14 R, 14 G and 14 B are each composed, for example, of a single metal layer which has a thickness of 15 to 55 nm. With the electrode layers 14 R, 14 G and 14 B formed by using such metallic materials high in reflectance, the effect of the resonator structure is enhanced, and light extraction efficiency can be enhanced. As a result, it is possible to suppress power consumption and to prolong the useful lives of the red light emitting section 10 R, the green light emitting section 10 G and the blue light emitting section 10 B. Note that where the light extraction efficiency and the resistance values of the electrode layers 14 R, 14 G and 14 B at the time when the thicknesses of the electrode layers 14 R, 14 G and 14 B are 15 nm are taken as reference, the upper limit of the thicknesses of the electrode layers 14 R, 14 G and 14 B such that the product of current ratio (reciprocal of relative efficiency) and resistance ratio is not less than 1 is 55 nm.

The transparent layers 15 R, 15 G and 15 B, the transparent layers 16 R, 16 G and 16 B and the transparent layers 17 R, 17 G and 17 B are provided on the light extraction side in the light emitting device 1 . The thicknesses of the transparent layers 15 R, 15 G and 15 B are, for example, 30 to 450 nm; the thicknesses of the transparent layers 16 R, 16 G and 16 B are, for example, 30 to 380 nm; and the thicknesses of the transparent layers 17 R, 17 G and 17 B are, for example, 500 to 10,000 nm.

The transparent layers 15 R, 15 G and 15 B, the transparent layers 16 R, 16 G and 16 B and the transparent layers 17 R, 17 G and 17 B are each formed, for example, by using a transparent conductive material or a transparent dielectric material. Examples of the transparent conductive material used for the transparent layers 15 R, 15 G and 15 B, the transparent layers 16 R, 16 G and 16 B and the transparent layers 17 R, 17 G and 17 B include ITO (Indium Tin Oxide), and an oxide of indium and zinc (IZO). Examples of the transparent dielectric material used for the transparent layers 15 R, 15 G and 15 B, the transparent layers 16 R, 16 G and 16 B and the transparent layers 17 R, 17 G and 17 B include silicon oxide (SiO 2 ), silicon oxynitride (SiON) and silicon nitride (SiN). The transparent layers 15 R, 15 G and 15 B, the transparent layers 16 R, 16 G and 16 B and the transparent layers 17 R, 17 G and 17 B may function as cathode electrodes, or may be configured to function as passivation films. Low-refractive-index materials such as MgF and NaF may also be used for the transparent layers 15 R, 15 G and 15 B, the transparent layers 16 R, 16 G and 16 B and the transparent layers 17 R, 17 G and 17 B.

A layer having a film thickness of not less than 1 μm may be provided on the upper side of the transparent layers 17 R, 17 G and 17 B. This layer is formed, for example, by using a transparent conductive material, a transparent insulating material, a resin material, a glass or the like. This layer may include air. With such a layer provided, the resonator structures configured between the electrode layers 12 R, 12 G and 12 B and the transparent layers 17 R, 17 G and 17 B can be protected from external interference.

The resonator structures of the red light emitting section 10 R, the green light emitting section 10 G and the blue light emitting section 10 B will be described below. FIG. 2 is a sectional view depicting the configuration of the red light emitting section 10 R. FIG. 3 is a sectional view depicting the configuration of the green light emitting section 10 G. FIG. 4 is a sectional view depicting the configuration of the blue light emitting section 10 B.

The red light emitting section 10 R includes a first reflective interface S 1 R, a second reflective interface S 2 R, a third reflective interface S 3 R, a fourth reflective interface S 4 R and a light extraction surface SDR in this order from the substrate 11 side. The third reflective interface S 3 R and the fourth reflective interface S 4 R are included in a laminate including the transparent layer 15 R, the transparent layer 16 R and the transparent layer 17 R. In this instance, a microcavity structure is formed by a structure including the first reflective interface S 1 R, the second reflective interface S 2 R, the third reflective interface S 3 R and the fourth reflective interface S 4 R. The microcavity structure has, for example, an effect to intensify light of a specified wavelength (e.g., light in the red wavelength region) by utilizing the resonance of light generated between the electrode layer 12 R and the electrode layer 14 R. A light emission center OR of the red light emitting layer 131 R is provided between the first reflective interface S 1 R and the second reflective interface S 2 R. In other words, the red light emitting layer 131 R is provided between the first reflective interface S 1 R and the light extraction surface SDR which are opposed to each other. The first reflective interface S 1 R is an interface between the electrode layer 12 R and the red organic layer 13 R. The second reflective interface S 2 R is an interface between the red organic layer 13 R and the electrode layer 14 R. The third reflective interface S 3 R is an interface between the transparent layer 15 R and the transparent layer 16 R. The fourth reflective interface S 4 R is an interface between the transparent layer 16 R and the transparent layer 17 R. The light extraction surface SDR is an outermost surface of the red light emitting section 10 R. The outermost surface of the red light emitting section 10 R is in contact with an air layer, for example. Light emitted from the red light emitting section 10 R through the transparent layers 15 R, 16 R and 17 R is extracted from the light extraction surface SDR.

The green light emitting section 10 G includes a first reflective interface S 1 G, a second reflective interface S 2 G, a third reflective interface S 3 G, a fourth reflective interface S 4 G and a light extraction surface SDG in this order from the substrate 11 side. The third reflective interface S 3 G and the fourth reflective interface S 4 G are included in a laminate including the transparent layer 15 G, the transparent layer 16 G and the transparent layer 17 G. In this instance, a microcavity structure is formed by a structure including the first reflective interface S 1 G, the second reflective interface S 2 G, the third reflective interface S 3 G and the fourth reflective interface S 4 G. the microcavity structure has, for example, an effect to intensify light of a specified wavelength (e.g., light in the green wavelength region) by utilizing the resonance of light generated between the electrode layer 12 G and the electrode layer 14 G. A light emission center OG of the green light emitting layer 131 G is provided between the first reflective interface S 1 G and the second reflective interface S 2 G. In other words, the green light emitting layer 131 G is provided between the first reflective interface S 1 G and the light extraction surface SDG which are opposed to each other. The first reflective interface S 1 G is an interface between the electrode layer 12 G and the green organic layer 13 G. The second reflective interface S 2 G is an interface between the green organic layer 13 G and the electrode layer 14 G. The third reflective interface S 3 G is an interface between the transparent layer 15 G and the transparent layer 16 G. The fourth reflective interface S 4 G is an interface between the transparent layer 16 G and the transparent layer 17 G. The light extraction surface SDG is an outermost surface of the green light emitting section 10 G. The outermost surface of the green light emitting section 10 G is in contact with an air layer, for example. Light emitted from the green light emitting section 10 G through the transparent layers 15 G, 16 G and 17 G is extracted from the light extraction surface SDG.

The blue light emitting section 10 B includes a first reflective interface S 1 B, a second reflective interface S 2 B, a third reflective interface S 3 B, a fourth reflective interface S 4 B and a light extraction surface SDB in this order from the substrate 11 side. The third reflective interface S 3 B and the fourth reflective interface S 4 B are included in a laminate including the transparent layer 15 B, the transparent layer 16 B and the transparent layer 17 B. In this instance, a microcavity structure is formed by a structure including the first reflective interface S 1 B, the second reflective interface S 2 B, the third reflective interface S 3 B and the fourth reflective interface S 4 B. The microcavity structure has, for example, an effect to intensify light of a specified wavelength (e.g., light in the blue wavelength region) by utilizing the resonance of light generated between the electrode layer 12 B and the electrode layer 14 B. A light emission center OB of the blue light emitting layer 131 B is provided between the first reflective interface S 1 B and the second reflective interface S 2 B. In other words, the blue light emitting layer 131 B is provided between the first reflective interface S 1 B and the light extraction surface SDB which are opposed to each other. The first reflective interface S 1 B is an interface between the electrode layer 12 B and the blue organic layer 13 B. The second reflective interface S 2 B is an interface between the blue organic layer 13 B and the electrode layer 14 B. The third reflective interface S 3 B is an interface between the transparent layer 15 B and the transparent layer 16 B. The fourth reflective interface S 4 B is an interface between the transparent layer 16 B and the transparent layer 17 B. The light extraction surface SDB is an outermost surface of the blue light emitting section 10 B. The outermost surface of the blue light emitting section 10 B is in contact with an air layer, for example. Light emitted from the blue light emitting section 10 B through the transparent layers 15 B, 16 B and 17 B is extracted from the light extraction surface SDB.

The first reflective interfaces S 1 R, S 1 G and S 1 B and the second reflective interfaces S 2 R, S 2 G and S 2 B each include a reflective film formed by using a metal. The third reflective interfaces S 3 R, S 3 G and S 3 B and the fourth reflective interfaces S 4 R, S 4 G and S 4 B each include an interface having a refractive index difference of not less than 0.15, for example.

First Reflective Interfaces S 1 R, S 1 G and S 1 B

Let the electrode layers 12 R, 12 G and 12 B be each formed by using aluminum (Al) having a refractive index of 0.73 and an extinction coefficient of 5.91, and let the red organic layer 13 R, the green organic layer 13 G and the blue organic layer 13 B be each formed by using a material having a refractive index of 1.75. In this instance, the first reflective interface S 1 R is disposed at a position of an optical path La1 from the light emission center OR, the first reflective interface S 1 G is disposed at a position of an optical path Lb1 from the light emission center OG, and the first reflective interface S 1 B is disposed at a position of an optical path Lc1 from the light emission center OB.

The optical path La1 is set in such a manner that the light with a center wavelength λa in the light emission spectrum of the red light emitting layer 131 R (the light in the red wavelength region (first wavelength band)) is intensified by interference between the first reflective interface S 1 R and the light emission center OR. The optical path Lb1 is set in such a manner that the light with a center wavelength λb in the light emission spectrum of the green light emitting layer 131 G (the light in the green wavelength region (first wavelength band)) is intensified by interference between the first reflective interface S 1 G and the light emission center OG. The optical path Lc1 is set in such a manner that the light with a center wavelength λc in the light emission spectrum of the blue light emitting layer 131 B (the light in the blue wavelength region (second wavelength band)) is intensified by interference between the first reflective interface S 1 B and the light emission center OB.

Specifically, the optical paths La1, Lb1 and Lc1 satisfy the following expressions (1) to (6).

2 La 1/λ a 1+φ a 1/(2π)= Na   (1)

λ a− 150<λ a 1<λ a+ 80  (2)

2 Lb 1/λ b 1+φ b 1/(2π)= Nb   (3)

λ b− 150<λ b 1<λ b+ 80  (4)

2 Lc 1/λ c 1+φ c 1/(2π)= Nc   (5)

λ c− 150<λ c 1<λ c+ 80  (6)

where

Na, Nb and Nc are each an integer of not less than 0;

the unit of λa, λa1, λb, λb1, λc and λc1 is nm;

φa1 is the phase change when the light emitted from the red light emitting layer 131 R is reflected by the first reflective interface S 1 R;

φb1 is the phase change when the light emitted from the green light emitting layer 131 G is reflected by the first reflective interface S 1 G;

φc1 is the phase change when the light emitted from the blue light emitting layer 131 B is reflected by the first reflective interface S 1 B;

λa1 is a wavelength satisfying the expression (2);

λb1 is a wavelength satisfying the expression (4); and

λc1 is a wavelength satisfying the expression (6).

φa1, φb1 and φc1 can be calculated by use of n0 and k values of the complex refractive indexes N=n0−jk (n0 is refractive index, and k is extinction coefficient) of the constituent materials of the electrode layers 12 R, 12 G and 12 B and the refractive indexes of the red organic layer 13 R, the green organic layer 13 G and the blue organic layer 13 B (see, for example, Principles of Optics, Max Born and Emil Wolf, 1974 (PERGAMON PRESS)). The refractive indexes of the constituent materials can be measured by use of a spectroscopic ellipsometry measuring instrument.

When the values of Na, Nb and Nc are high, the so-called microcavity (minute resonator) effect cannot be obtained. Therefore, it is preferable that Na=0, Nb=0, and Nc=0. In the case where the optical path La1 satisfies the above expressions (1) and (2), λa1 can be largely deviated from the center wavelength λa. Similarly, in the case where the optical path Lb1 satisfies the above expressions (3) and (4), λ1 can be largely deviated from the center wavelength λb. Besides, in the case where the optical path Lc1 satisfies the above expressions (5) and (6), λc1 can be largely deviated from the center wavelength λc.

Second Reflective Interfaces S 2 R, S 2 G and S 2 B

Let the red organic layer 13 R, the green organic layer 13 G and the blue organic layer 13 B be each formed by using a material having a refractive index of 1.75, and let the electrode layers 14 R, 14 G and 14 B be each formed by using silver (Ag) having a refractive index of 0.13 and an extinction coefficient of 3.96. In this instance, the second reflective interface S 2 R is disposed at a position of an optical path La2 from the light emission center OR, the second reflective interface S 2 G is disposed at a position of an optical path Lb2 from the light emission center OG, and the second reflective interface S 2 B is disposed at a position of an optical path Lc2 from the light emission center OB.

The optical path La2 is set in such a manner that the light with a center wavelength λa in the light emission spectrum of the red light emitting layer 131 R (the light in the red wavelength region (first wavelength band)) is intensified by interference between the second reflective interface S 2 R and the light emission center OR. The optical path Lb2 is set in such a manner that the light with a center wavelength λb in the light emission spectrum of the green light emitting layer 131 G (the light in the green wavelength region (first wavelength band)) is intensified by interference between the second reflective interface S 2 G and the light emission center OG. The optical path Lc2 is set in such a manner that the light with a center wavelength λc in the light emission spectrum of the blue light emitting layer 131 B (the light in the blue wavelength region (second wavelength band)) is intensified by interference between the second reflective interface S 2 B and the light emission center OB.

Specifically, the optical paths La2, Lb2 and Lc2 satisfy the following expressions (7) to (12).

2 La 2/λ a 2+φ a 2/(2π)= Ma   (7)

λ a− 80<λ a 2<λ a+ 80  (8)

2 Lb 2/λ b 2+φ b 2/(2π)= Mb   (9)

λ b− 80<λ b 2<λ b+ 80  (10)

2 Lc 2/λ c 2+φ c 2/(2π)= Mc   (11)

λ c− 80<λ c 2<λ c+ 80  (12)

where

Ma, Mb and Mc are each an integer of not less than 0;

the unit of λa, λa2, λb, λb2, λc and λc2 is nm;

φa2 is the phase change when the light emitted from the red light emitting layer 131 R is reflected by the second reflective interface S 2 R;

φb2 is the phase change when the light emitted from the green light emitting layer 131 G is reflected by the second reflective interface S 2 G;

φc2 is the phase change when the light emitted from the blue light emitting layer 131 B is reflected by the second reflective interface S 2 B;

λa2 is a wavelength satisfying the expression (8);

λb2 is a wavelength satisfying the expression (10); and

λc2 is a wavelength satisfying the expression (12).

φa2, φb2 and φc2 can be determined by a method similar to that for φa1, φb1 and φc1. When the values of Ma, Mb and Mc are high, the so-called microcavity (minute resonator) effect cannot be obtained. Therefore, it is preferable that Ma=0, Mb=0, and Mc=0.

Here, it is presumed that Na=0, Nb=0, Nc=0, Ma=0, Mb=0, and Mc=0. In this case, a microcavity structure with a minimum resonance condition is formed by a structure including the first reflective interface S 1 R, the second reflective interface S 2 R, the third reflective interface S 3 R and the fourth reflective interface S 4 R. In this instance, the microcavity structure with the minimum resonance condition of the red light emitting section 10 R is configured in such a manner that the first reflective interface S 1 R and the second reflective interface S 2 R intensify light in the red wavelength region, and that the third reflective interface S 3 R and the fourth reflective interface S 4 R weaken the light in the red wavelength region. Similarly, a microcavity structure with a minimum resonance condition is formed by a structure including the first reflective interface S 1 G, the second reflective interface S 2 G, the third reflective interface S 3 G and the fourth reflective interface S 4 G. In this instance, the microcavity structure with the minimum resonance condition of the green light emitting section 10 G is configured in such a manner that the first reflective interface S 1 G and the second reflective interface S 2 G intensify light in the green wavelength region, and that the third reflective interface S 3 G and the fourth reflective interface S 4 G weaken the light in the green wavelength region. Further, a microcavity structure with a minimum resonance condition is formed by a structure including the first reflective interface S 1 B, the second reflective interface S 2 B, the third reflective interface S 3 B and the fourth reflective interface S 4 B. In this instance, the microcavity structure with the minimum resonance condition of the blue light emitting section 10 B is configured in such a manner that the first reflective interface S 1 B and the second reflective interface S 2 B intensify light in the blue wavelength region, and that the third reflective interface S 3 B and the fourth reflective interface S 4 B intensify the light in the blue wavelength region.

In the case where the optical path La1 satisfies the above-mentioned expressions (1) and (2) and where the optical path La2 satisfies the above-mentioned expressions (7) and (8), a peak of transmittance is generated at a predetermined wavelength due to an amplifying effect of the first reflective interface S 1 R and the second reflective interface S 2 R. In the case where the optical path Lb1 satisfies the above-mentioned expressions (3) and (4) and where the optical path Lb2 satisfies the above-mentioned expressions (9) and (10), a peak of transmittance is generated at a predetermined wavelength due to an amplifying effect of the first reflective interface S 1 G and the second reflective interface S 2 G. In the case where the optical path Lc1 satisfies the above-mentioned expressions (5) and (6) and where the optical path Lc2 satisfies the above-mentioned expressions (11) and (12), a peak of transmittance is generated at a predetermined wavelength due to an amplifying effect of the first reflective interface S 1 B and the second reflective interface S 2 B.

Third Reflective Interfaces S 3 R, S 3 G and S 3 B

The optical path La3 is set, for example, in such a manner that the light with a center wavelength λa in the light emission spectrum of the red light emitting layer 131 R is weakened by interference between the third reflective interface S 3 R and the light emission center OR. In this instance, the optical path between the second reflective interface S 2 R and the third reflective interface S 3 R is not more than the center wavelength λa of the light emitted from the red light emitting layer 131 R. The optical path Lb3 is set, for example, in such a manner that the light with a center wavelength λb in the light emission spectrum of the green light emitting layer 131 G is weakened by interference between the third reflective interface S 3 G and the light emission center OG. In this instance, the optical path between the second reflective interface S 2 G and the third reflective interface S 3 G is not more than the center wavelength λb of the light emitted from the green light emitting layer 131 G. The optical path Lc3 is set, for example, in such a manner that the light with a center wavelength λc in the light emission spectrum of the blue light emitting layer 131 B is intensified by interference between the third reflective interface S 3 B and the light emission center OB. In this instance, the optical path between the second reflective interface S 2 B and the third reflective interface S 3 B is not more than the center wavelength λc of the light emitted from the blue light emitting layer 131 B.

The optical paths La3, Lb3 and Lc3 satisfy, for example, the following expressions (13) to (18).

2 La 3/λ a 3+φ a 3/(2π)= Ka+ ½  (13)

λ a− 150<λ a 3<λ a+ 150  (14)

2 Lb 3/λ b 3+φ b 3/(2π)= Kb+ ½  (15)

λ b− 150<λ b 3<λ b+ 150  (16)

2 Lc 3/λ c 3+φ c 3/(2π)= Kc   (17)

λ c− 150<λ c 3<λ c+ 150  (18)

where

Ka, Kb and Kc are each an integer of not less than 0;

the unit of λa, λa3, λb, λb3, λc and λc3 is nm;

φa3 is the phase change when the light emitted from the red light emitting layer 131 R is reflected by the third reflective interface S 3 R;

φb3 is the phase change when the light emitted from the green light emitting layer 131 G is reflected by the third reflective interface S 3 G;

φc3 is the phase change when the light emitted from the blue light emitting layer 131 B is reflected by the third reflective interface S 3 B;

λa3 is a wavelength satisfying the expression (14);

λb3 is a wavelength satisfying the expression (16); and

λc3 is a wavelength satisfying the expression (18).

φa3, φb3 and φc3 can be determined by a method similar to that for φa1, φb1 and φc1. In the case where the optical paths La3, Lb3 and Lc3 satisfy the above expressions (13) to (18), the light emitting state can be adjusted on the light emitting section (the red light emitting section 10 R, the green light emitting section 10 G, the blue light emitting section 10 B) basis. Thus, by the addition of the reflection on the third reflective interface S 3 R, the light generated in the red light emitting layer 131 R is weakened, and the half-value width of the spectrum is broadened. In addition, by the addition of the reflectance on the third reflective interface S 3 G, the light generated in the green light emitting layer 131 G is weakened, and the half-value width of the spectrum is broadened. By the addition of the reflection on the third reflective interface S 3 B, the light generated in the blue light emitting layer 131 B is intensified, and the half-value width of the spectrum is narrowed.

Fourth Reflective Interfaces S 4 R, S 4 G and S 4 B

The optical path La4 is set, for example, in such a manner that the light with a center wavelength λa in the light emission spectrum of the red light emitting layer 131 R is weakened by interference between the fourth reflective interface S 4 R and the light emission center OR. In this instance, the optical path between the second reflective interface S 2 R and the fourth reflective interface S 4 R is not more than the center wavelength λa of the light emitted from the red light emitting layer 131 R. The optical path Lb4 is set, for example, in such a manner that the light with a center wavelength λb in the light emission spectrum of the green light emitting layer 131 G is weakened by interference between the fourth reflective interface S 4 G and the light emission center OG. In this instance, the optical path between the second reflective interface S 2 G and the fourth reflective interface S 4 G is not more than the center wavelength λb of the light emitted from the green light emitting layer 131 G. The optical path Lc4 is set, for example, in such a manner that the light with a center wavelength λc in the light emission spectrum of the blue light emitting layer 131 B is intensified by interference between the fourth reflective interface S 4 B and the light emission center OB. In this instance, the optical path between the second reflective interface S 2 B and the fourth reflective interface S 4 B is not more than the center wavelength λc of the light emitted from the blue light emitting layer 131 B.

2 La 4/λ a 4+φ a 4/(2π)= Ja+ ½  (19)

λ a− 150<λ a 4<λ a+ 150  (20)

2 Lb 4/λ b 4+φ b 4/(2π)= Jb+ ½  (21)

λ b− 150<λ b 4<λ b+ 150  (22)

2 Lc 4/λ c 4+φ c 4/(2π)= Jc   (23)

λ c− 150<λ c 4<λ c+ 150  (24)

where

Ja, Jb and Jc are each an integer of not less than 0;

the unit of λa, λa4, λb, λb4, λc and λc4 is nm;

φa4 is the phase change when the light emitted from the red light emitting layer 131 R is reflected by the fourth reflective interface S 4 R;

φb4 is the phase change when the light emitted from the green light emitting layer 131 G is reflected by the fourth reflective interface S 4 G;

φc4 is the phase change when the light emitted from the blue light emitting layer 131 B is reflected by the fourth reflective interface S 4 B;

φa4 is a wavelength satisfying the expression (20);

φb4 is a wavelength satisfying the expression (22); and

φc4 is a wavelength satisfying the expression (24).

φa4, φb4 and φc4 can be determined by a method similar to that for φa1, φb1 and φc1. In the case where the optical paths La3, Lb3 and Lc3 satisfy the above-mentioned expressions (13) to (18) and where the optical paths La4, Lb4 and Lc4 satisfy the above expressions (19) to (24), the light emitting state can be adjusted on the light emitting section (the red light emitting section 10 R, the green light emitting section 10 G, the blue light emitting section 10 B) basis. Thus, by the addition of the reflection on the fourth reflective interfaces S 4 R, S 4 G and S 4 B, the peak profiles of the spectra of the lights generated in the red light emitting layer 131 R, the green light emitting layer 131 G and the blue light emitting layer 131 B can be adjusted to desired profiles. As a result, it is possible, for example, to restrain sudden variations in luminance and hue with angle. In addition, for example, by causing the spectrum of the light generated in the light emitting layer to have a steep peak, it is possible to enhance light extraction efficiency. Besides, it is also possible to improve chromaticity point.

Such a light emitting device 1 can be manufactured by forming the electrode layers 12 R, 12 G and 12 B, the organic layers (the red organic layer 13 R, the green organic layer 13 G, and the blue organic layer 13 B), the electrode layers 14 R, 14 G and 14 B, the transparent layers 15 R, 15 G and 15 B, the transparent layers 16 R, 16 G and 16 B and the transparent layers 17 R, 17 G and 17 B in this order over the substrate 11 . The red organic layers 13 R, the green organic layers 13 G and the blue organic layers 13 B may be formed by a vapor deposition method or may be formed by printing. In other words, the red organic layers 13 R, the green organic layers 13 G and the blue organic layers 13 B may be printed layers. The electrode layers 14 R, 14 G and 14 B may be composed of a common layer. In this case, the materials and thicknesses of the electrode layers 14 R, 14 G and 14 B are equal to one another. The transparent layers 15 R, 15 G and 15 B may be composed of a common layer. In this case, the materials and thicknesses of the transparent layers 15 R, 15 G and 15 B are equal to one another. The transparent layers 16 R, 16 G and 16 B may be composed of a common layer. In this case, the materials and thicknesses of the transparent layers 16 R, 16 G and 16 B are equal to one another. The transparent layers 17 R, 17 G and 17 B may be composed of a common layer. In this case, the materials and thicknesses of the transparent layers 17 R, 17 G and 17 B are equal to one another.

Operation and Effect

In the light emitting device 1 as above-described, a driving current is injected into each of the light emitting layers (the red light emitting layer 131 R, the green light emitting layer 131 G, and the blue light emitting layer 131 B) of the red light emitting section 10 R, the green light emitting section 10 G and the blue light emitting section 10 B through the electrode layers 12 R, 12 G and 12 B and the electrode layers 14 R, 14 G and 14 B. As a result, in each light emitting layer, recombination of holes and electrons occurs, to produce exitons, thereby emitting light.

For example, as illustrated in FIG. 5 , the light produced in the red organic layer 13 R is subjected to multiple reflection between the first reflective interface S 1 R and the fourth reflective interface S 4 R, and is extracted from the light extraction surface SDR. Red light LR is extracted from the light extraction surface SDR in the red light emitting section 10 R, green light LG is extracted from the light extraction surface SDG in the green light emitting section 10 G, and blue light LB is extracted from the light extraction surface SDB in the blue light emitting section 10 B. By additive mixture of the red light LR, the green light LG and the blue light LB, various colors are expressed.

In the light emitting device having such a resonator structure, however, it is difficult to enhance light distribution characteristics, although various structures have been proposed.

For instance, in order that light of a desired wavelength is resonated, a method of setting a film thickness between a light-transmitting electrode and a reflective electrode to thereby enhance light emission efficiency has been proposed (see, for example, WO 01/039554). In addition, an attempt to control the balance of attenuation of three primary colors (red, green and blue) by controlling the film thicknesses of the organic layers and to enhance viewing angle characteristics of chromaticity point of white color has also been made (see, for example, JP 2011-159433A).

However, such a resonator structure functions as an interference filter with a narrow half-value width for the spectrum of the light extracted, and, therefore, the wavelength of the light is largely shifted in the case where the light extraction surface is viewed from an oblique direction. Accordingly, a lowering in light emission intensity or the like is generated depending on the viewing angle, and viewing angle dependency is increased.

In addition, JP 2006-244713A proposes a structure for reducing a change in chromaticity depending on viewing angle. However, although this structure may be applied to monochrome and may be able to reduce dependency of luminance on viewing angle, it is difficult to apply the structure to a sufficiently wide wavelength band. While it may be contemplated to enhance reflectance in order to broaden the wavelength band to which the structure is applicable, in that case, light extraction efficiency is lowered conspicuously.

A method of reducing the angle dependency by adjusting the positional relations in the resonator structure, the light emission position and the like may be contemplated as above-mentioned, but this method may lead to a case where adjustment is difficult. Examples of such a case include a case where wavelength dispersion of refractive index is generated depending on the spectrum of the light emitted from each light emitting layer. In the case of the wavelength dispersion of refractive index, since the refractive index of a constituent material is different for different wavelengths, differences in the effect of the resonator structure would be generated between the red organic EL element, the green organic EL element and the blue organic EL element. For example, in the red organic EL element, the peak of the red light extracted is too steep, and, in the blue organic EL element, the peak of the blue light extracted is too gentle. When the effect of the resonator structure is thus largely differing on the element region basis, the angle dependencies of luminance and chromaticity are increased, and light distribution characteristics are lowered.

On the other hand, in the light emitting device 1 according to the present embodiment, the influence of the third reflective interface S 3 R and the fourth reflective interface S 4 R on the light generated in the red light emitting layer 131 R and the influence of the third reflective interface S 3 B and the fourth reflective interface S 4 B on the light generated in the blue light emitting layer 131 B are different from each other. Similarly, in the light emitting device 1 according to the present embodiment, the influence of the third reflective interface S 3 G and the fourth reflective interface S 4 G on the light generated in the green light emitting layer 131 G and the influence of the third reflective interface S 3 B and the fourth reflective interface S 4 B on the light generated in the blue light emitting layer 131 B are different from each other. For example, the lights generated in the red light emitting layer 131 R, the green light emitting layer 131 G and the blue light emitting layer 131 B are as follows.

The light generated in the red light emitting layer 131 R is weakened by the interferences between the light emission center OR of the red light emitting layer 131 R and the third reflective interface S 3 R and the fourth reflective interface S 4 R of the red light emitting layer 131 R. Similarly, the light generated in the green light emitting layer 131 G is weakened by the interferences between the light emission center OG of the green light emitting layer 131 G and the third reflective interface S 3 G and the fourth reflective interface S 4 G of the green light emitting layer 131 G. On the other hand, the light generated in the blue light emitting layer 131 B is intensified by the interferences between the light emission center OB of the blue light emitting layer 131 B and the third reflective interface S 3 B and the fourth reflective interface S 4 B.

As a result, red light LR which is gentle in the vicinity of a peak is extracted from the light extraction surface SDR in the red light emitting section 10 R, green light LG which is gentle in the vicinity of a peak is extracted from the light extraction surface SDG in the green light emitting section 10 G, and blue light LB which has a steep peak is extracted from the light extraction surface SDB in the blue light emitting section 10 B. Therefore, the difference between the effect of the resonator structures of the red light emitting section 10 R and the green light emitting section 10 G and the effect of the resonator structure of the blue light emitting section 10 B is reduced, and angle dependencies of luminance and chromaticity are reduced. Accordingly, light distribution characteristics can be enhanced. In addition, the light emitting device 1 having high light distribution characteristics is also preferable for a display device requiring high image quality, and can enhance the productivity of the display device.

FIG. 6 depicts an example of a variation in chromaticity with viewing angle, for a light emitting device according to a comparative example. In the light emitting device according to the comparative example, an electrode layer on the substrate side is composed of a single layer of an Al alloy, and an electrode layer on the light extraction side is composed of a single layer of an Ag alloy. Further, in the light emitting device according to the comparative example, a resonance condition between the electrode layer on the substrate side and the light emission center is 0 (namely, Na, Nb, Nc=0), whereas a resonance condition between the electrode layer on the light extraction surface side and the light emission center is 1 (namely, Ma, Mb, Mc=1), and the third reflective interfaces S 3 R, S 3 G and S 3 B and the fourth reflective interfaces S 4 R, S 4 G and S 4 B are not yet formed. In this instance, in the light emitting device according to the comparative example, second cavity structures are formed by structures including the first reflective interfaces S 1 R, S 1 G and S 1 B and the second reflective interfaces S 2 R, S 2 G and S 2 B. Further, in the light emitting device according to the comparative example, the third reflective interfaces S 3 R, S 3 G and S 3 B and the fourth reflective interfaces S 4 R, S 4 G and S 4 B according to the present embodiment are not provided. FIG. 6 depicts the results when the film thickness t of the electrode layer on the light extraction surface side is 13 nm, and the results when the film thickness t on the light extraction surface side is 21 nm, in the light emitting device according to the comparative example.

FIG. 7 depicts an example of a variation in chromaticity with viewing angle, for the light emitting device according to a comparative example. FIG. 7 depicts the results when the film thickness t of the electrode layer on the light extraction surface side is 21 nm, Na, Nb and Nc are 0, and Ma, Mb and Mc are 1, as well as the results when Ma, Mb and Mc are 0.

FIG. 8 depicts an example of a variation in chromaticity with viewing angle, for the light emitting device 1 according to the embodiment. In the light emitting device 1 according to the embodiment, the electrode layers 12 R, 12 G and 12 B are each composed of a single layer of an Al alloy, whereas the electrode layers 14 R, 14 G and 14 B are each composed of a single layer of an Ag alloy having a film thickness of 18 nm. Further, for the light emitting device 1 according to the embodiment, FIG. 8 depicts the results when Na, Nb and Nc are 0, and Ma, Mb and Mc are 1, as well as the results when Ma, Mb and Mc are 0. Further, in the light emitting device 1 according to the embodiment, the third reflective interfaces S 3 R, S 3 G and S 3 B and the fourth reflective interfaces S 4 R, S 4 G and S 4 B are provided. Furthermore, in the light emitting device 1 according to the embodiment, the optical path La3 is set in such a manner that the light with a center wavelength λa in the light emission spectrum of the red light emitting layer 131 R is weakened by the interference between the third reflective interface S 3 R and the light emission center OR. The optical path Lb3 is set in such a manner that the light with a center wavelength λb in the light emission spectrum of the green light emitting layer 131 G is weakened by the interference between the third reflective interface S 3 G and the light emission center OG. The optical path Lc3 is set in such a manner that the light with a center wavelength λc in the light emission spectrum of the blue light emitting layer 131 B is intensified by the interference between the third reflective interface S 3 B and the light emission center OB.

From FIG. 6 it is seen that in the case where the film thickness t of the electrode layer on the light extraction surface side is 13 nm, the chromaticity exceeds 0.020, which is one of indexes representing the suitability of viewing angle dependency, at or around a point where the viewing angle exceeds 50 degrees. In addition, it is seen from FIG. 6 that the viewing angle of chromaticity is worsened when the film thickness t of the electrode layer on the light extraction surface side is increased from 13 nm to 21 nm. Thus, it is seen that an increase in the film thickness t of the electrode layer on the light extraction surface side worsens the viewing angle characteristics of chromaticity. The reason lies in that as the film thickness t of the electrode layer on the light extraction surface side is increased, the resonance condition becomes stronger, which, together with the influence of wavelength dispersion of refractive index, leads to a progressive deviation of viewing angle characteristics on a color basis.

Besides, it is seen from FIG. 7 that a lowering of the order Ma of interference is equivalent to a decrease in the film thickness of the electrode layer on the light extraction surface side.

On the other hand, it is seen from FIG. 8 that, in the light emitting device 1 according to the embodiment, viewing angle characteristic is good, notwithstanding the film thickness of the electrode layer on the light extraction surface side is as large as 21 nm. In this instance, the resistance value of the electrode layer on the light extraction surface side in the light emitting device 1 according to the embodiment is 0.62 (=13 nm/21 nm) times the resistance value of the electrode layer on the light extraction surface side in the light emitting device (t=13 nm) according to the comparative example of FIG. 6 . Therefore, in the light emitting device 1 according to the embodiment, not only the viewing angle characteristic but also feed performance is good.

From the foregoing, in the present embodiment, in each of the light emitting sections (the red light emitting section 10 R, the green light emitting section 10 G, and the blue light emitting section 10 B), the two reflective interfaces (the third reflective interface S 3 R, S 3 G, S 3 B and the fourth reflective interface S 4 R, S 4 G, S 4 B) are provided on the outer side of the cathode electrode (the electrode layer 14 R, 14 G, 14 B), and a microcavity structure with a minimum resonance condition is formed by a structure which includes the first reflective interface S 1 R, S 1 G, S 1 B and the second reflective interface S 2 R, S 2 G, S 2 B and the third reflective interface S 3 R, S 3 G, S 3 B and the fourth reflective interface S 4 R, S 4 G, S 4 B. This ensures that worsening of the viewing angle characteristics of chromaticity can be restrained, even in the case where the cathode electrode (the electrode layer 14 R, 14 G, 14 B) on the light extraction surface SDR, SDG, SDB side is increased in film thickness.

Further, in the present embodiment, in each of the light emitting sections (the red light emitting section 10 R, the green light emitting section 10 G, and the blue light emitting section 10 B), the microcavity structure is configured in such a manner that the first reflective interface S 1 R, S 1 G and the second reflective interface S 2 R, S 2 G intensify light in the wavelength band of the light emitted from each light emitting layer (the red light emitting layer 131 R, the green light emitting layer 131 G), and that the third reflective interface S 3 R, S 3 G, S 3 B and the fourth reflective interface S 4 R, S 4 G, S 4 B weaken light in the wavelength band of the light emitted from each light emitting layer (the red light emitting layer 131 R, the green light emitting layer 131 G) and intensify light in the wavelength band of the light emitted from the blue light emitting layer 131 B.

This ensures that red light LR which is gentle in the vicinity of a peak is extracted from the light extraction surface SDR in the red light emitting section 10 R, green light LG which is gentle in the vicinity of a peak is extracted from the light extraction surface SDG in the green light emitting section 10 G, and blue light LB which has a steep peak is extracted from the light extraction surface SDB in the blue light emitting section 10 B. As a result, angle dependencies of luminance and chromaticity are reduced in the case where the difference between the effect of the resonator structures of the red light emitting section 10 R and the green light emitting section 10 G and the effect of the resonator structure of the blue light emitting section 10 B is reduced. Therefore, both good feed performance and good viewing angle characteristic of chromaticity can be realized. In addition, the light emitting device 1 having high viewing angle characteristics is preferable also for a display device requiring high image quality, and can enhance the productivity of the display device.

Besides, in the present embodiment, the optical path between the second reflective interface S 2 R and the third reflective interface S 3 R is not more than the center wavelength λa of the light emitted from the red light emitting layer 131 R. Similarly, the optical path between the second reflective interface S 2 G and the third reflective interface S 3 G is not more than the center wavelength λb of the light emitted from the green light emitting layer 131 G. The optical path between the second reflective interface S 2 B and the third reflective interface S 3 B is not more than the center wavelength λc of the light emitted from the blue light emitting layer 131 B. As a result, the peak profiles of the spectra of the lights generated in the red light emitting layer 131 R, the green light emitting layer 131 G and the blue light emitting layer 131 B can be adjusted, by the actions of the second reflective interfaces S 2 R, S 2 G and S 2 B and the third reflective interfaces S 3 R, S 3 G and S 3 B and the fourth reflective interfaces S 4 R, S 4 G and S 4 B on the lights generated in the light emitting layers ( 131 R, 131 G and 131 B). Therefore, worsening of viewing angle characteristics of chromaticity can be restrained, even in the case where the cathode electrodes (the electrode layers 14 R, 14 G and 14 B) on the side of the light extraction surfaces SDR, SDG and SDB are increased in thickness.

In addition, in the present embodiment, the microcavity structure in the red light emitting section 10 R is configured such as to satisfy the above-mentioned expressions (1), (2), (7), (8), (13), (14), (19) and (20). Similarly, the microcavity structure in the green light emitting section 10 G is configured such as to satisfy the above-mentioned expressions (3), (4), (9), (10), (15), (16), (21) and (22). This ensures that red light LR which is gentle in the vicinity of a peak is extracted from the light extraction surface SDR in the red light emitting section 10 R, and green light LG which is gentle in the vicinity of a peak is extracted from the light extraction surface SDG in the green light emitting section 10 G. As a result, sudden variations in luminance and chromaticity with angle can be restrained.

Further, in the present embodiment, the microcavity structure in the blue light emitting section 10 B is configured such as to satisfy the above-mentioned expressions (5), (6), (11), (12), (17), (18), (23) and (24). This ensures that blue light LB which has a steep peak is extracted from the light extraction surface SDB in the blue light emitting section 10 B. Therefore, the difference between the effect of the resonator structures of the red light emitting section 10 R and the green light emitting section 10 G and the effect of the resonator structure of the blue light emitting section 10 B is reduced, and angle dependencies of luminance and chromaticity are reduced. Accordingly, light distribution characteristics can be enhanced. In addition, the light emitting device 1 having high light distribution characteristics is also preferable for a display device requiring high image quality, and can enhance the productivity of the display device.

In addition, in the present embodiment, the film thicknesses of the electrode layers 14 R, 14 G and 14 B are not less than 15 nm. This makes it possible to enhance feed performance without worsening the angle dependency of chromaticity. The reason will be described here referring to FIGS. 9 and 10 . FIG. 9 depicts an example of a variation in 45-degree chromaticity viewing angle with film thickness of an electrode on the light extraction surface side in the light emitting device according to a comparative example. FIG. 10 depicts an example of a variation in relative luminance with film thickness of an electrode on the light extraction surface side in the light emitting device according to the comparative example. FIGS. 9 and 10 depict the results obtained by using the same light emitting device as the light emitting device used in FIG. 6 . It is seen from FIG. 9 that in order that the chromaticity is not more than 0.020, which is one of indexes representing the suitability of viewing angle dependency, the film thickness of the electrode on the light extraction surface side should be less than 15 nm. In other words, in the light emitting device according to the comparative example, it has been extremely difficult, in practice, to set the film thickness of the electrode on the light extraction surface side to 15 nm or above. On the other hand, in the present embodiment, the angle dependency of chromaticity is not worsened even in the case where the film thicknesses of the electrode layers 14 R, 14 G and 14 B are 15 nm or above. It is to be noted, however, that, as depicted in FIG. 10 , when the film thickness of the electrode on the light extraction surface side is greater than 38 nm, the luminance is lower than the luminance at the time when the film thickness of the electrode on the light extraction surface side is 15 nm. Therefore, in the present embodiment, also, the film thicknesses of the electrode layers 14 R, 14 G and 14 B are set in the range of 15 to 38 nm, whereby the angle dependencies of luminance and chromaticity are not worsened.

Besides, in the present embodiment, the substrate 11 is a circuit substrate provided with circuits (pixel circuits 18 - 1 ) for driving the red light emitting layers 131 R, the green light emitting layers 131 G and the blue light emitting layers 131 B. Here, the light emitting device 1 is a top emission type light emitting device. As a result, the lights emitted from the red light emitting layers 131 R, the green light emitting layers 131 G and the blue light emitting layers 131 B are not shielded by the pixel circuits 18 - 1 in the circuit substrate, and, therefore, a high light extraction efficiency can be obtained.

In addition, in the present embodiment, it is preferable that the red light emitting layers 131 R, the green light emitting layers 131 G and the blue light emitting layers 131 B are printed layers. Since organic layers undergo a drying step or the like, differences in their thickness on a region basis are liable to be generated in the organic layers. In other words, a film thickness distribution is liable to be generated in the organic layers. On the other hand, in the present embodiment, since the red light emitting layers 131 R, the green light emitting layers 131 G and the blue light emitting layers 131 B are printed layers, differences in the effect of the resonator structure on a light emitting element basis due to the film thickness distribution in the red light emitting layers 131 R, the green light emitting layers 131 G and the blue light emitting layers 131 B can be adjusted.

2. Modifications

Modifications of the present embodiment will be described below. In the following description, the same components as those in the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference symbols as used above, and descriptions of them will be omitted.

In the above-described embodiment, the electrode layers 14 R, 14 G and 14 B have been each configured by using a single metal layer having a film thickness of not less than 15 nm. In the above embodiment, however, the electrode layers 14 R, 14 G and 14 B may each include a laminate of a plurality of conducive layers. In the above embodiment, for example, as depicted in FIG. 11 , a laminate 18 R may be provided in place of the electrode layer 14 R. Similarly, in the above embodiment, for example, as depicted in FIG. 11 , a laminate 18 G may be provided in place of the electrode layer 14 G. Further, in the above embodiment, for example, as depicted in FIG. 11 , a laminate 18 B may be provided in place of the electrode layer 14 B.

The laminate 18 R is composed, for example, of a laminate including a metal layer 181 R, a transparent layer 182 R and a metal layer 183 R, as illustrated in FIG. 11 . The laminate 18 G is composed, for example, of a laminate including a metal layer 181 G, a transparent layer 182 G and a metal layer 183 G, as depicted in FIG. 11 . The laminate 18 B is composed, for example, of a laminate including a metal layer 181 B, a transparent layer 182 B and a metal layer 183 B, as depicted in FIG. 11 .

The metal layers 181 R, 181 G and 181 B are each formed by using a metallic material high in reflectance. The metal layers 181 R, 181 G and 181 B are each formed, for example, by using any of magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag) and their alloys. The metal layers 181 R, 181 G and 181 B are thicker than the metal layers 183 R, 183 G and 183 B. The thicknesses of the metal layers 181 R, 181 G and 181 B are, for example, 5 to 50 nm. With the metal layers 181 R, 181 G and 181 B each formed by use of such a metallic material high in reflectance, the effect of the resonator structures is enhanced, and light extraction efficiency can be enhanced. As a result, it is possible to restrain power consumption and to prolong the useful lives of the red light emitting section 10 R, the green light emitting section 10 G and the blue light emitting section 10 B.

The transparent layers 182 R, 182 G and 182 B are each formed by using a transparent conductive material. Examples of the transparent conductive material used for the transparent layers 182 R, 182 G and 182 B include ITO, and an oxide of indium and zinc (IZO). The thicknesses of the transparent layers 182 R, 182 G and 182 B are, for example, 30 to 600 nm. The transparent layer 182 R is in contact with the metal layers 181 R and 183 R. The transparent layer 182 G is in contact with the metal layers 181 G and 183 G. The transparent layer 182 B is in contact with the metal layers 181 B and 183 B.

The metal layers 183 R, 183 G and 183 B are each formed by using a metallic material high in reflectance. Examples of the metallic material used for the metal layers 183 R, 183 G and 183 B include, for example, magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag) and their alloys. The total thicknesses of the metal layers 181 R, 181 G and 181 B and the metal layers 183 R, 183 G and 183 B are, for example, not less than 15 nm. The thicknesses of the metal layers 183 R, 183 G and 183 B are, for example, 5 to 20 nm. The metal layer 183 R is electrically connected to the metal layer 181 R through the transparent layer 182 R. The metal layer 183 G is electrically connected to the metal layer 181 G through the transparent layer 182 G. The metal layer 183 B is electrically connected to the metal layer 181 B through the transparent layer 182 B.

The resonator structures of the red light emitting section 10 R, the green light emitting section 10 G and the blue light emitting section 10 B will be described below.

The red light emitting section 10 R includes the first reflective interface S 1 R, the fifth reflective interface SSR, the sixth reflective interface S 6 R, the third reflective interface S 3 R, the fourth reflective interface S 4 R and the light extraction surface SDR in this order from the substrate 11 side. In this instance, a microcavity structure is formed by a structure which includes the first reflective interface S 1 R, the fifth reflective interface SSR, the sixth reflective interface S 6 R, the third reflective interface S 3 R and the fourth reflective interface S 4 R. The light emission center OR of the red light emitting layer 131 R is provided between the first reflective interface S 1 R and the fifth reflective interface S 5 R. In other words, the red light emitting layer 131 R is provided between the first reflective interface S 1 R and the light extraction surface SDR which are opposed to each other. The fifth reflective interface S 5 R is an interface between the red organic layer 13 R and the metal layer 181 R. The sixth reflective interface S 6 R is an interface between the transparent layer 182 R and the metal layer 183 R.

The green light emitting section 10 G includes the first reflective interface S 1 G, the fifth reflective interface S 5 G, the sixth reflective interface S 6 G, the third reflective interface S 3 G, the fourth reflective interface S 4 G and the light extraction surface SDG in this order from the substrate 11 side. In this instance, a microcavity structure is formed by a structure which includes the first reflective interface S 1 G, the fifth reflective interface S 5 G, the sixth reflective interface S 6 G, the third reflective interface S 3 G and the fourth reflective interface S 4 G. The light emission center OG of the green light emitting layer 131 G is provided between the first reflective interface S 1 G and the fifth reflective interface S 5 G. In other words, the green light emitting layer 131 G is provided between the first reflective interface S 1 G and the light extraction surface SDG which are opposed to each other. The fifth reflective interface S 5 G is an interface between the green organic layer 13 G and the metal layer 181 G. The sixth reflective interface S 6 G is an interface between the transparent layer 182 G and the metal layer 183 G.

The blue light emitting section 10 B includes the first reflective interface S 1 B, the fifth reflective interface S 5 B, the sixth reflective interface S 6 B, the third reflective interface S 3 B, the fourth reflective interface S 4 B and the light extraction surface SDB in this order from the substrate 11 side. In this instance, a microcavity structure is formed by a structure which includes the first reflective interface S 1 B, the fifth reflective interface S 5 B, the sixth reflective interface S 6 B, the third reflective interface S 3 B and the fourth reflective interface S 4 B. The light emission center OB of the blue light emitting layer 131 B is provided between the first reflective interface S 1 B and the fifth reflective interface S 5 B. In other words, the blue light emitting layer 131 B is provided between the first reflective interface S 1 B and the light extraction surface SDB which are opposed to each other. The fifth reflective interface S 5 B is an interface between the blue organic layer 13 B and the metal layer 181 B. The sixth reflective interface S 6 B is an interface between the transparent layer 182 B and the metal layer 183 B.

The fifth reflective interfaces S 5 R, S 5 G and S 5 B and the sixth reflective interfaces S 6 R, S 6 G and S 6 B each include a reflective film formed by using a metal.

Fifth Reflective Interfaces S 5 R, S 5 G and S 5 B

Let the red organic layer 13 R, the green organic layer 13 G and the blue organic layer 13 B be each formed by using a material having a refractive index of 1.75, and let the metal layers 181 R, 181 G and 181 B be each formed by using silver (Ag) having a refractive index of 0.13 and an extinction coefficient of 3.96. In this instance, the fifth reflective interface S 5 R is disposed at a position of an optical path La5 from the light emission center OR, the fifth reflective interface S 5 G is disposed at a position of an optical path Lb5 from the light emission center OG, and the fifth reflective interface S 5 B is disposed at a position of an optical path Lc5 from the light emission center OB.

The optical path La5 is set in such a manner that the light with a center wavelength λa in the light emission spectrum of the red light emitting layer 131 R is intensified by interference between the fifth reflective interface S 5 R and the light emission center OR. The optical path Lb5 is set in such a manner that the light with a center wavelength λb in the light emission spectrum of the green light emitting layer 131 G is intensified by interference between the fifth reflective interface S 5 G and the light emission center OG. The optical path Lc5 is set in such a manner that the light with a center wavelength λc in the light emission spectrum of the blue light emitting layer 131 B is intensified by interference between the fifth reflective interface S 5 B and the light emission center OB.

Specifically, the optical paths La5, Lb5 and Lc5 satisfy the following expressions (25) to (30).

2 La 5/λ a 5+φ a 5/(2π)= Ha   (25)

λ a− 80<λ a 5<λ a+ 80  (26)

2 Lb 5/λ b 5+φ b 5/(2π)= Hb   (27)

λ b− 80<λ b 5<λ b+ 80  (28)

2 Lc 5/λ c 5+φ c 5/(2π)= Hc   (29)

λ c− 80<λ c 5<λ c+ 80  (30)

where

Ha, Hb and Hc are each an integer of not less than 0;

the unit of λa, λa5, λb, λb5, λc and λc5 is nm;

φa5 is the phase change when the light emitted from the red light emitting layer 131 R is reflected by the fifth reflective interface S 5 R;

φb5 is the phase change when the light emitted from the green light emitting layer 131 G is reflected by the fifth reflective interface S 5 G;

φc5 is the phase change when the light emitted from the blue light emitting layer 131 B is reflected by the fifth reflective interface S 5 B;

φa5 is a wavelength satisfying the expression (26);

φb5 is a wavelength satisfying the expression (28); and

φc5 is a wavelength satisfying the expression (30).

φc5, φb5 and φc5 can be determined by a method similar to that for φa1, φb1 and φc1. When the values of Ha, Hb and Hc are high, the so-called microcavity (minute resonator) effect cannot be obtained. Therefore, it is preferable that Ha=0, Hb=0, and Hc=0.

Here, it is presumed that Na=0, Nb=0, Nc=0, Ha=0, Hb=0, and Hc=0. In this case, a microcavity structure with a minimum resonance condition is formed by a structure which includes the first reflective interface S 1 R, the third reflective interface S 3 R, the fourth reflective interface S 4 R, the fifth reflective interface S 5 R and the sixth reflective interface S 6 R. Similarly, a microcavity structure with a minimum resonance condition is formed by a structure which includes the first reflective interface S 1 G, the third reflective interface S 3 G, the fourth reflective interface S 4 G, the fifth reflective interface S 5 G and the sixth reflective interface S 6 G. Further, a microcavity structure with a minimum resonance condition is formed by a structure which includes the first reflective interface S 1 B, the third reflective interface S 3 B, the fourth reflective interface S 4 B, the fifth reflective interface S 5 B and the sixth reflective interface S 6 B.

In the case where the optical path La1 satisfies the above-mentioned expressions (1) and (2) and where the optical path La5 satisfies the above-mentioned expressions (25) and (26), a peak of transmittance is generated at a predetermined wavelength due to an amplifying effect of the first reflective interface S 1 R and the fifth reflective interface S 5 R. In the case where the optical path Lb1 satisfies the above-mentioned expressions (3) and (4) and where the optical path Lb5 satisfies the above-mentioned expressions (27) and (28), a peak of transmittance is generated at a predetermined wavelength due to an amplifying effect of the first reflective interface S 1 G and the fifth reflective interface SSG. In the case where the optical path Lc1 satisfies the above-mentioned expressions (5) and (6) and where the optical path Lc5 satisfies the above-mentioned expressions (29) and (30), a peak of transmittance is generated at a predetermined wavelength due to an amplifying effect of the first reflective interface S 1 B and the fifth reflective interface S 5 B.

Sixth Reflective Interfaces S 6 R, S 6 G and S 6 B

The optical path La6 is set, for example, in such a manner that the light with a center wavelength λa in the light emission spectrum of the red light emitting layer 131 R is weakened by interference between the sixth reflective interface S 6 R and the light emission center OR. In this instance, the optical path between the fifth reflective interface S 5 R and the sixth reflective interface S 6 R is not more than the center wavelength λa of the light emitted from the red light emitting layer 131 R. The optical path Lb6 is set, for example, in such a manner that the light with a center wavelength λb in the light emission spectrum of the green light emitting layer 131 G is weakened by interference between the sixth reflective interface S 6 G and the light emission center OG. In this instance, the optical path between the fifth reflective interface S 5 G and the sixth reflective interface S 6 G is not more than the center wavelength λb of the light emitted from the green light emitting layer 131 G. The optical path Lc6 is set, for example, in such a manner that the light with a center wavelength λc in the light emission spectrum of the blue light emitting layer 131 B is intensified by interference between the sixth reflective interface S 6 B and the light emission center OB. In this instance, the optical path between the fifth reflective interface S 5 B and the sixth reflective interface S 6 B is not more than the center wavelength λc of the light emitted from the blue light emitting layer 131 B.

The optical paths La6, Lb6 and Lc6 satisfy, for example, the following expressions (31) to (36).

2 La 6/λ a 6+φ a 6/(2π)= Fa+ ½  (31)

λ a− 150<λ a 6<λ a+ 150  (32)

2 Lb 6/λ b 6+φ b 6/(2π)= Fb+ ½  (33)

λ b− 150<λ b 6<λ b+ 150  (34)

2 Lc 6/λ c 6+φ c 6/(2π)= Fc   (35)

λ c− 150<λ c 6<λ c+ 150  (36)

where

Fa, Fb and Fc are each an integer of not less than 0;

the unit of λa, λa6, λb, λb6, λc and λc6 is nm;

φa6 is the phase change when the light emitted from the red light emitting layer 131 R is reflected by the sixth reflective interface S 6 R;

φb6 is the phase change when the light emitted from the green light emitting layer 131 G is reflected by the sixth reflective interface S 6 G;

φc6 is the phase change when the light emitted from the blue light emitting layer 131 B is reflected by the sixth reflective interface S 6 B;

λa6 is a wavelength satisfying the expression (32);

λb6 is a wavelength satisfying the expression (34); and

λc6 is a wavelength satisfying the expression (36).

φa6, φb6 and φc6 can be determined by a method similar to that for φa1, φb1 and φc1. In the case where the optical paths La6, Lb6 and Lc6 satisfy the above expressions (31) to (36), the light emitting state can be adjusted on the light emitting section (the red light emitting section 10 R, the green light emitting section 10 G, the blue light emitting section 10 B) basis. Thus, by the addition of the reflection on the sixth reflective interface S 6 R, the light generated in the red light emitting layer 131 R is weakened, and the half-value width of the spectrum is broadened. In addition, by the addition of the reflectance on the sixth reflective interface S 6 G, the light generated in the green light emitting layer 131 G is weakened, and the half-value width of the spectrum is broadened. By the addition of the reflection on the sixth reflective interface S 6 B, the light generated in the blue light emitting layer 131 B is intensified, and the half-value width of the spectrum is narrowed.

Such a light emitting device 1 can be manufactured by forming the electrode layers 12 R, 12 G and 12 B, the organic layers (the red organic layer 13 R, the green organic layer 13 G, and the blue organic layer 13 B), the metal layers 181 R, 181 G and 181 B, the transparent layers 182 R, 182 G and 182 B, the metal layers 183 R, 183 G and 183 B, the transparent layers 15 R, 15 G and 15 B, the transparent layers 16 R, 16 G and 16 B and the transparent layers 17 R, 17 G and 17 B in this order over the substrate 11 . The red organic layers 13 R, the green organic layers 13 G and the blue organic layers 13 B may be formed by a vapor deposition method or may be formed by printing. In other words, the red organic layers 13 R, the green organic layers 13 G and the blue organic layers 13 B may be printed layers. The metal layers 181 R, 181 G and 181 B may be composed of a common layer. In this case, the materials and thicknesses of the metal layers 181 R, 181 G and 181 B are equal to one another. The transparent layers 182 R, 182 G and 182 B may be composed of a common layer. In this case, the materials and thicknesses of the transparent layers 182 R, 182 G and 182 B are equal to one another. The metal layers 183 R, 183 G and 183 B may be composed of a common layer. In this case, the materials and thicknesses of the metal layers 183 R, 183 G and 183 B are equal to one another.

Operation and Effect

In the light emitting device 1 according to this modification, a driving current is injected into each of the light emitting layers (the red light emitting layer 131 R, the green light emitting layer 131 G, and the blue light emitting layer 131 B) of the red light emitting section 10 R, the green light emitting section 10 G and the blue light emitting section 10 B through the electrode layers 12 R, 12 G and 12 B and the laminates 18 R, 18 G and 18 B. As a result, in each light emitting layer, recombination of holes and electrons occurs, to produce exitons, thereby emitting light.

For example, the light produced in the red organic layer 13 R is subjected to multiple reflection between the first reflective interface S 1 R and the third reflective interface S 3 R, and is extracted from the light extraction surface SDR. Red light LR is extracted from the light extraction surface SDR in the red light emitting section 10 R. Green light LG is extracted from the light extraction surface SDG in the green light emitting section 10 G, and blue light LB is extracted from the light extraction surface SDB in the blue light emitting section 10 B. By additive mixture of the red light LR, the green light LG and the blue light LB, various colors are expressed.

In this modification, in each of the light emitting sections (the red light emitting section 10 R, the green light emitting section 10 G, and the blue light emitting section 10 B), the two reflective interfaces (the third reflective interface S 3 R, S 3 G, S 3 B and the fourth reflective interface S 4 R, S 4 G, S 4 B) are provided on the outer side of the cathode electrode (the laminate 18 R, 18 G, 18 B), and a microcavity structure with a minimum resonance condition is formed by a structure which includes the first reflective interface S 1 R, S 1 G, S 1 B and the fifth reflective interface S 5 R, S 5 G, S 5 B and the sixth reflective interface S 6 R, S 6 G, S 6 B and the third reflective interface S 3 R, S 3 G, S 3 B and the fourth reflective interface S 4 R, S 4 G, S 4 B. This ensures that worsening of viewing angle characteristics of chromaticity can be restrained, even in the case where the metal layers 181 R, 181 G and 181 B and the metal layers 183 R, 183 G and 183 B included in the cathode electrodes on the side of the light extraction surfaces SDR, SDG and SDB are increased in film thickness.

Further, in this modification, in each of the light emitting sections (the red light emitting section 10 R, the green light emitting section 10 G, and the blue light emitting section 10 B), the microcavity structure is configured in such a manner that the first reflective interface S 1 R, S 1 G and the fifth reflective interface S 5 R, S 5 G intensify light in the wavelength band of the light emitted from each light emitting layer (the red light emitting layer 131 R, the green light emitting layer 131 G) and that the third reflective interface S 3 R, S 3 G, S 3 B and the fourth reflective interface S 4 R, S 4 G, S 4 B weaken light in the wavelength band of the light emitted from each light emitting layer (the red light emitting layer 131 R, the green light emitting layer 131 G) and intensify light in the wavelength band of the light emitted from the blue light emitting layer 131 B.

This ensures that red light LR which is gentle in the vicinity of a peak is extracted from the light extraction surface SDR in the red light emitting section 10 R, green light LG which is gentle in the vicinity of a peak is extracted from the light extraction surface SDG in the green light emitting section 10 G, and blue light LB which has a steep peak is extracted from the light extraction surface SDB in the blue light emitting section 10 B. As a result, angle dependencies of luminance and chromaticity are reduced in the case where the difference between the effect of the resonator structures of the red light emitting section 10 R and the green light emitting section 10 G and the effect of the resonator structure of the blue light emitting section 10 B is reduced. Therefore, both good feed performance and good viewing angle characteristic of chromaticity can be realized. In addition, the light emitting device 1 having high viewing angle characteristics is preferable also for a display device requiring high image quality, and can enhance the productivity of the display device.

Besides, in this modification, the optical path between the fifth reflective interface S 5 R and the sixth reflective interface S 6 R is not more than the center wavelength λa of the light emitted from the red light emitting layer 131 R. Similarly, the optical path between the fifth reflective interface S 5 G and the sixth reflective interface S 6 G is not more than the center wavelength λb of the light emitted from the green light emitting layer 131 G. The optical path between the fifth reflective interface S 5 B and the sixth reflective interface S 6 B is not more than the center wavelength λc of the light emitted from the blue light emitting layer 131 B. As a result, the peak profiles of the spectra of the lights generated in the red light emitting layer 131 R, the green light emitting layer 131 G and the blue light emitting layer 131 B can be adjusted, by the actions of the fifth reflective interfaces S 5 R, S 5 G and S 5 B and the sixth reflective interfaces S 6 R, S 6 G and S 6 B on the lights generated in the light emitting layers ( 131 R, 131 G and 131 B). Therefore, worsening of viewing angle characteristics of chromaticity can be restrained, even in the case where the cathode electrodes (the electrodes 14 R, 14 G and 14 B) on the side of the light extraction surfaces SDR, SDG and SDB are increased in thickness.

In addition, in this modification, the microcavity structure in the red light emitting section 10 R is configured such as to satisfy the above-mentioned expressions (1), (2), (25), (26), (31), (32), (19) and (20). Similarly, the microcavity structure in the green light emitting section 10 G is configured such as to satisfy the above-mentioned expressions (3), (4), (27), (28), (33), (34), (21) and (22). This ensures that red light LR which is gentle in the vicinity of a peak is extracted from the light extraction surface SDR in the red light emitting section 10 R, and green light LG which is gentle in the vicinity of a peak is extracted from the light extraction surface SDG in the green light emitting section 10 G. As a result, sudden variations in luminance and chromaticity with angle can be restrained.

Further, in this modification, the microcavity structure in the blue light emitting section 10 B is configured such as to satisfy the above-mentioned expressions (5), (6), (29), (30), (35), (36), (23) and (24). This ensures that blue light LB which has a steep peak is extracted from the light extraction surface SDB in the blue light emitting section 10 B. Therefore, the difference between the effect of the resonator structures of the red light emitting section 10 R and the green light emitting section 10 G and the effect of the resonator structure of the blue light emitting section 10 B is reduced, and angle dependencies of luminance and chromaticity are reduced. Accordingly, light distribution characteristics can be enhanced. In addition, the light emitting device 1 having high light distribution characteristics is also preferable for a display device requiring high image quality, and can enhance the productivity of the display device.

In this modification, the total thicknesses of the metal layers 181 R, 181 G and 181 B and the metal layers 183 R, 183 G and 183 B are, for example, not less than 15 nm. This makes it possible to enhance feed performance without worsening the angle dependency of chromaticity. Besides, in this modification, like in the above-described embodiment, the total thicknesses of the metal layers 181 R, 181 G and 181 B and the metal layers 183 R, 183 G and 183 B are set in the range of 15 to 38 nm, whereby the angle dependencies of luminance and chromaticity are not worsened.

In addition, in this modification, the substrate 11 is a circuit substrate provided with circuits (pixel circuits 18 - 1 ) for driving the red light emitting layers 131 R, the green light emitting layers 131 G and the blue light emitting layers 131 B. Here, the light emitting device 1 is a top emission type light emitting device. This ensures that the lights emitted from the red light emitting layers 131 R, the green light emitting layers 131 G and the blue light emitting layers 131 B are not shielded by the pixel circuits 18 - 1 in the circuit substrate, and, therefore, a high light extraction efficiency can be obtained.

Besides, in this modification, it is preferable that the red light emitting layers 131 R, the green light emitting layers 131 G and the blue light emitting layers 131 B are printed layers. Since organic layers undergo a drying step or the like, differences in their thickness on a region basis are liable to be generated in the organic layers. In other words, a film thickness distribution is liable to be generated in the organic layers. On the other hand, in the present embodiment, since the red light emitting layers 131 R, the green light emitting layers 131 G and the blue light emitting layers 131 B are printed layers, differences in the effect of the resonator structure on a light emitting element basis due to the film thickness distribution in the red light emitting layers 131 R, the green light emitting layers 131 G and the blue light emitting layers 131 B can be adjusted.

3. Application Examples

Application examples of the light emitting device 1 described in the above embodiment and the like will be described below.

Application Example A

FIG. 12 depicts a general configuration example of a display device 2 which is an application example of the light emitting device 1 according to the above-described embodiment and modifications thereof. FIG. 13 depicts an example of a circuit configuration of each pixel 18 provided in the display device 2 . The display device 2 includes, for example, the light emitting device 1 , a controller 20 and a driver 30 . The driver 30 is mounted, for example, at an outer edge portion of the light emitting device 1 . The light emitting device 1 includes a plurality of pixels 18 arranged in a matrix pattern. The controller 20 and the driver 30 drive the light emitting device 1 (the plurality of pixels 18 ), based on a video signal Din and a synchronizing signal Tin which are externally inputted.

Light Emitting Device 1

The light emitting device 1 displays an image based on the video signal Din and the synchronizing signal Tin, which are externally inputted, through active matrix driving of the pixels 18 by the controller 20 and the driver 30 . The light emitting device 1 includes a plurality of scanning lines WSL extending in a row direction, a plurality of signal lines DTL extending in a column direction, a plurality of power supply lines DSL, and the plurality of pixels 18 arranged in the matrix pattern.

The scanning lines WSL are used for selection of each pixel 18 , and supply each pixel 18 with a selection pulse for selecting the pixels 18 on the basis of a predetermined unit (for example, pixel row). The signal lines DTL are used for supplying each pixel 18 with a signal voltage Vsig according to the video signal Din, and supply each pixel 18 with data pulses including the signal voltage Vsig. The power supply lines DSL are for supplying each pixel 18 with electric power.

The plurality of pixels 18 provided in the light emitting device 1 include pixels 18 for emitting red light, pixels 18 for emitting green light, and pixels 18 for emitting blue light. Hereinafter, the pixels 18 for emitting red light will be referred to as pixels 18 R, the pixels 18 for emitting green light will be referred to as pixels 11 G, and the pixels 18 for emitting blue light will be referred to as pixels 18 B. In the plurality of pixels 18 , the pixels 11 R, 11 G and 11 B constitute a display pixel, which is a display unit of color images. Note that each display pixel may further include, for example, pixels 18 for emitting light in other color (e.g., white, yellow, or the like). Therefore, the plurality of pixels 18 provided in the light emitting device 1 are divided into groups as display pixels, each having a predetermined number of pixels 18 . In each display pixel, the plurality of pixels 18 are aligned in a line in a predetermined direction (e.g., row direction).

Each signal line DTL is connected to an output end of a horizontal selector 31 , which will be described later. For example, one each of the plurality of signal lines DTL is allocated to each pixel column. Each scanning line WSL is connected to an output end of a light scanner 32 , which will be described later. For example, one each of the plurality of scanning lines WSL is allocated to each pixel row. Each power supply line DSL is connected to an output end of a power source. For example, one each of the plurality of power supply lines DSL is allocated to each pixel row.

Each pixel 18 includes the pixel circuit 18 - 1 and an organic electroluminescent section 18 - 2 . The organic electroluminescent section 18 - 2 corresponds to the light emitting section (e.g., the red light emitting section 10 R, the green light emitting section 10 G, or the blue light emitting section 10 B) according to the above-described embodiment and modifications thereof.

The pixel circuit 18 - 1 controls light emission and quenching of the organic electroluminescent section 18 - 2 . The pixel circuit 18 - 1 has a function of holding a voltage written into each pixel 18 by write scanning. The pixel circuit 18 - 1 includes, for example, a driving transistor Tr 1 , a writing transistor Tr 2 and a storage capacitor Cs.

The writing transistor Tr 2 controls the application of the signal voltage Vsig corresponding to the video signal Din to a gate of the driving transistor Tr 1 . Specifically, the writing transistor Tr 2 samples the voltage of the signal line DTL, and writes the voltage obtained by the sampling into the gate of the driving transistor Tr 1 . The driving transistor Tr 1 is connected in series with the organic electroluminescent section 18 - 2 . The driving transistor Tr 1 drives the organic electroluminescent section 18 - 2 . The driving transistor Tr 1 controls a current flowing through the organic electroluminescent section 18 - 2 in accordance with the magnitude of the voltage sampled by the writing transistor Tr 2 . The storage capacitor Cs is for holding a predetermined voltage between the gate and a source of the driving transistor Tr 1 . The storage capacitor Cs has a role of keeping constant the gate-source voltage of the driving transistor Tr 1 during a predetermined period. Note that the pixel circuit 18 - 1 may have a circuit configuration obtained by adding various capacitors and transistors to the aforementioned 2Tr- 1 C circuit, or may have a circuit configuration different from the aforementioned 2Tr- 1 C circuit configuration.

Each signal line DTL is connected to an output end of the horizontal selector 31 , which will be described later, and to a source or a drain of the writing transistor Tr 2 . Each scanning line WSL is connected to an output end of the light scanner 32 , which will be described later, and to a gate of the writing transistor Tr 2 . Each power supply line DSL is connected to a power supply circuit and to the source or a drain of the driving transistor Tr 1 .

The gate of the writing transistor Tr 2 is connected to the scanning line WSL. The source or the drain of the writing transistor Tr 2 is connected to the signal line DTL. That one terminal of the source and the drain of the writing transistor Tr 2 which is not connected to the signal line DTL is connected to the gate of the driving transistor Tr 1 . The source or the drain of the driving transistor Tr 1 is connected to the power supply line DSL. That one terminal of the source and the drain of the driving transistor Tr 1 which is not connected to the power supply line DSL is connected to an anode 21 of the organic electroluminescent section 18 - 2 . One end of the storage capacitor Cs is connected to the gate of the driving transistor Tr 1 . The other end of the storage capacitor Cs is connected to that one terminal of the source and the drain of the driving transistor Tr 1 which is on the organic electroluminescent section 18 - 2 side.

Driver 30

The driver 30 includes, for example, the horizontal selector 31 and the light scanner 32 . The horizontal selector 31 applies the analog signal voltage Vsig, inputted from the controller 20 , to each signal line DTL in accordance with (synchronously with) an input of a control signal, for example. The light scanner 32 scans the plurality of pixels 18 on the basis of a predetermined unit.

Controller 20

The controller 20 will be described below. The controller 20 applies, for example, predetermined correction to the digital video signal Din inputted externally, and, based on a video signal obtained thereby, produces the signal voltage Vsig. The controller 20 outputs the produced signal voltage Vsig to the horizontal selector 31 , for example. The controller 20 outputs a control signal to each circuit in the driver 30 in accordance with (synchronously with) the synchronizing signal Tin inputted externally, for example.

In this application example, the light emitting device 1 is used as a display panel for displaying images. By this, even in the case where the light emitting device 1 is large, it is possible to provide a display device 2 having excellent display quality as well as small angle dependencies of luminance and chromaticity.

Application Example B

The display device 2 according to Application Example A described above can be used for various types of electronic apparatuses. FIG. 14 depicts a perspective configuration of an electronic apparatus 3 obtained by application of the display device 2 according to Application Example A described above. The electronic apparatus 3 is, for example, a sheet-shaped personal computer including a display surface 320 at a main surface of a housing 310 . The electronic apparatus 3 has the display device 2 according to the above-described Application Example A at the display surface 320 . The display device 2 according to the above-described Application Example A is disposed such that a video display surface is directed to the outside. In this application example, the display device 2 according to Application Example A described above is provided at the display surface 320 ; therefore, even in the case where the display surface 320 is large in size, it is possible to provide an electronic apparatus 3 having excellent display quality as well as small angle dependencies of luminance and chromaticity.

Application Example C

An application example of the light emitting device 1 according to the above-described embodiment and modifications thereof will be described below. The light emitting device 1 according to the above-described embodiment and modifications thereof is applicable to light sources of illumination apparatuses in all fields, such as table or floor type illumination apparatuses or room illumination apparatus.

FIG. 15 depicts appearance of a room illumination apparatus obtained by application of the light emitting device 1 according to the above-described embodiment and modifications thereof. The illumination apparatus has, for example, illuminating sections 410 each including the light emitting device 1 according to the above-described embodiment and modifications thereof. An appropriate number of the illuminating sections 410 are arranged at appropriate intervals at a ceiling 420 of a building. Note that the illuminating sections 410 can be disposed not only at the ceiling 420 but also at an arbitrary place such as a wall 430 or a floor (not illustrated), according to the use thereof.

In these illumination apparatuses, illumination is conducted by light from the light emitting devices 1 according to the above-described embodiment and modifications thereof. As a result, it is possible to realize an illumination apparatus having excellent illumination quality as well as small angle dependencies of luminance and chromaticity.

While the present disclosure has been described above by showing the embodiment, the present disclosure is not to be limited to the embodiment, and various modifications are possible. Note that the effects described herein are mere examples. The effects of the present disclosure are not to be limited to those described herein. The present disclosure may have other effects than those described herein. In addition, the present disclosure may have the following configurations.

(1)

A light emitting device including:

a plurality of organic electroluminescent sections each including a first electrode layer, an organic light emitting layer, a second electrode layer having a film thickness of not less than 15 nm and a reflective layer in this order; and

a light extraction surface from which light emitted from each of the organic electroluminescent sections through the reflective layer is extracted,

in which the reflective layer includes two reflective interfaces,

in each of the organic electroluminescent sections, a microcavity structure is formed by a structure including a first reflective interface on the organic light emitting layer side of the first electrode layer, a second reflective interface on the organic light emitting layer side of the second electrode layer, and the two reflective interfaces included in the reflective layer,

the plurality of organic electroluminescent sections include a plurality of first organic electroluminescent sections that emit light in a first wavelength band, and a plurality of second organic electroluminescent sections that emit light in a second wavelength band on a shorter wavelength side than the first wavelength band, and

in each of the first organic electroluminescent sections and each of the second organic electroluminescent sections, the microcavity structure is configured in such a manner that the first reflective interface and the second reflective interface intensify the light in the first wavelength band and the light in the second wavelength band, and that the two reflective interfaces included in the reflective layer weaken the light in the first wavelength band and intensify the light in the second wavelength band.

(2)

The light emitting device as described in the above paragraph (1),

in which optical paths between the second reflective interface and the two reflective interfaces included in the reflective layer are not more than a center wavelength of the light emitted from the corresponding organic light emitting layer.

(3)

The light emitting device as described in the above paragraph (1) or (2),

in which the microcavity structure is a microcavity structure with a minimum resonance condition.

(4)

The light emitting device as described in the above paragraph (3),

in which in each of the first organic electroluminescent sections and each of the second organic electroluminescent sections, the microcavity structure is configured such as to satisfy the following expressions (A) to (H):

2 La 1/λ a 1+φ a 1/(2π)=0  (A)

λ a− 150<λ a 1<λ a+ 80  (B)

2 La 2/λ a 2+φ a 2/(2π)=0  (C)

λ a− 80<λ a 2<λ a+ 80  (D)

2 La 3/λ a 3+φ a 3/(2π)= Ka+ ½  (E)

λ a− 150<λ a 3<λ a+ 150  (F)

2 La 4/λ a 4+φ a 4/(2π)= Ja+ ½  (G)

λ a− 150<λ a 4<λ a+ 150  (H)

where

La1 is an optical path between the first reflective interface and a light emission center of the organic light emitting layer of the first organic electroluminescent section;

La2 is an optical path between the second reflective interface and the light emission center of the organic light emitting layer of the first organic electroluminescent section;

La3 is an optical path between one reflective interface of the two reflective interfaces included in the reflective layer and the light emission center of the organic light emitting layer of the first organic electroluminescent section;

La4 is an optical path between the other reflective interface of the two reflective interfaces included in the reflective layer and the light emission center of the organic light emitting layer of the first organic electroluminescent section;

φa1 is a phase change when the light emitted from the organic light emitting layer is reflected by the first reflective interface, in the first organic electroluminescent section;

φa2 is a phase change when the light emitted from the organic light emitting layer is reflected by the second reflective interface, in the first organic electroluminescent section;

φa3 is a phase change when the light emitted from the organic light emitting layer is reflected by the one reflective interface of the two reflective interfaces included in the reflective layer, in the first organic electroluminescent section;

φb4 is a phase change when the light emitted from the organic light emitting layer is reflected by the other reflective interface of the two reflective interfaces included in the reflective layer, in the first organic electroluminescent section;

λa is a center wavelength in a light emission spectrum of the organic light emitting layer of the first organic electroluminescent section;

λa1 is a wavelength satisfying the expression (B);

λa2 is a wavelength satisfying the expression (D);

λa3 is a wavelength satisfying the expression (F);

λa4 is a wavelength satisfying the expression (H); and

Ka and Ja are each an integer of not less than 0.

(5)

The light emitting device as described in the above paragraph (4),

in which in each of the first organic electroluminescent sections and each of the second organic electroluminescent sections, the microcavity structure is configured such as to satisfy the following expressions (I) to (P):

2 Lc 1/λ c 1+φ c 1/(2π)=0  (I)

λ c− 150<λ c 1<λ c+ 80  (J)

2 Lc 2/λ c 2+φ c 2/(2π)=0  (K)

λ c− 80<λ c 2<λ c+ 80  (L)

2 Lc 3/λ c 3+φ c 3/(2π)= Kc   (M)

λ c− 150<λ c 3<λ c+ 150  (N)

2 Lc 4/λ c 4+φ c 4/(2π)= Jc   (O)

λ c− 150<λ c 4<λ c+ 150  (P)

where

Lc1 is an optical path between the first reflective interface and a light emission center of the organic light emitting layer of the second organic electroluminescent section;

Lc2 is an optical path between the second reflective interface and the light emission center of the organic light emitting layer of the second organic electroluminescent section;

Lc3 is an optical path between the one reflective interface of the two reflective interfaces included in the reflective layer and the light emission center of the organic light emitting layer of the second organic electroluminescent section;

Lc4 is an optical path between the other reflective interface of the two reflective interfaces included in the reflective layer and the light emission center of the organic light emitting layer of the second organic electroluminescent section;

φc1 is a phase change when the light emitted from the organic light emitting layer is reflected by the first reflective interface, in the second organic electroluminescent section;

φc2 is a phase change when the light emitted from the organic light emitting layer is reflected by the second reflective interface, in the second organic electroluminescent section;

φc3 is a phase change when the light emitted from the organic light emitting layer is reflected by the one reflective interface of the two reflective interfaces included in the reflective layer, in the second organic electroluminescent section;

φc4 is a phase change when the light emitted from the organic light emitting layer is reflected by the other reflective interface of the two reflective interfaces included in the reflective layer, in the second organic electroluminescent section;

λc is a center wavelength in the light emission spectrum of the organic light emitting layer of the second organic electroluminescent section;

λc1 is a wavelength satisfying the expression (J);

λc2 is a wavelength satisfying the expression (L);

λc3 is a wavelength satisfying the expression (N);

λc4 is a wavelength satisfying the expression (P); and

Kc and Jc are each an integer of not less than 0.

(6)

The light emitting device as described in any one of the above paragraphs (1) to (5),

in which the second electrode layer is configured by using a single metal layer having a film thickness of not less than 15 nm.

(7)

The light emitting device as described in any one of the above paragraphs (1) to (5),

in which the second electrode layer includes a first metal layer, a transparent conductive layer and a second metal layer in this order from the organic light emitting layer side, and

the total thickness of the first metal layer and the second metal layer is not less than 15 nm.

(8)

The light emitting device as described in the above paragraph (7),

in which the first metal layer is thicker than the second metal layer.

(9)

The light emitting device as described in any one of the above paragraphs (1) to (8), further including:

a circuit substrate formed with a driving circuit for driving each of the organic electroluminescent sections, on a side opposite to the light extraction surface, in positional relation with each of the organic electroluminescent sections.

(10)

The light emitting device as described in any one of the above paragraphs (1) to (9),

in which the organic light emitting layer is a printed layer.

The present disclosure contains subject matter related to that disclosed in Japanese Priority Patent Application JP 2018-102520 filed in the Japan Patent Office on May 29, 2018, and Japanese Priority Patent Application No. 2019-076571 filed in the Japan Patent Office on Apr. 12, 2019 the entire content of which is hereby incorporated by reference.